Sources:

1. Step to write an academic essay: p.17/Textbook

2. Techniques to write a summary: p.67/Textbook

1. STEPS TO WRITE AN ACADEMIC ESSAY:

ASK: How many steps do you think we need to write an academic essay?
-There are 6 steps
a. Prewrite to get ideas
-Choose a topic and generate ideas
+put your topic on the top of the paper
+write down everything that you can come up with by listing, clustering, free
writing or self-asking and answering 5W and 1H-questions,...
b. Organize your ideas
-Decide which ideas to use and organize them
-Take a second look at the list in step 1, cross out the information that is irrelevant
(off-topic)
-Group similar ideas to analyze the topic better
-Choose main ideas and related points to support those main ideas
c. Write your first draft
-Try to write the first draft by using the list you have already prepared
+remember to include 3 important parts
■ a topic sentence
■ supporting sentences (consisting of examples or facts)
■ a concluding sentence
+you can add ideas if necessary and remove the unnecessary ones
-Don’t need to focus too much on grammar, punctuation or spelling
d. Revise your draft
-Go through the content and check if it is well-organized or not
-Read again the paragraph to obtain the general overview and ensure the
paragraph has everything you need
+a topic sentence
+enough supporting information (supporting sentences, examples or facts)
+a concluding sentence
-Make a small note in the margin about anything that should be improved
-Ask for your friend’s feedback on your first draft, later discuss it and change
anything if needed
 e. Edit and proofread the draft
-Make sure all of the changes you want to make are identified
-Check your paragraph’s format, mechanics, grammar and sentence structure
-Make a note if you find an error
f. Write a new draft
-Include all the improvements you have noted in step 4 and 5
-Look over a new draft carefully, make sure there are no errors in the draft
-Hand in your paragraph to your teacher

(mấy cái tui in đậm là ý chính đưa vô pp nhaa, còn mấy cái k in đậm thì mình minh họa bằng
hình hay gì đóa cũm được xong mình tt thui, mng coi ý chính giúp tuii đủ chưa nhaa)

2. Technique to write a summary

Strategies
- Use your own words and sentence structures.
- Include only main points and main supporting points.
- Do not change the meaning of the original.
Skills
- Reading skill of skimming: The skill that can let your eyes run
quickly through the documents to find the information you need.
And it’s useful to find keywords in paragraphs or essays.
- Identification the relevance: Find out and distinguish between main
ideas and details.
- Selection of points relevant to the tasks specified for you: Facts
and examples that support the topic is relevant.
- Understanding the meaning of the passage: Pay attention to
multi-meaning words or grammar to choose the right meaning.
- Awareness of relationships, time sequence and logical order.
6 step to write a summary

1. Read or listen to the source content

Read or listen to the source more than once to understand the purpose
and message of the source then take notes.
2. Develop a thesis statement
 Think about what the author's main argument, goal or theme is. Then,
translate it into your own words. Use your thesis to describe the entirety of the
source material as briefly as possible.
3. Divide the content into main ideas

Break up your source material into sections, into different pieces of

evidence that support the thesis statement then organize them so there's a
clear transition between each idea.
4. Write a draft of your summary from your notes

Write the first draft in a way that logically connects each of your sections
and main ideas. Try removing parts that don't relate strongly to the thesis and
write it in your own language without referring back to the source material.

5. Check your draft for accuracy

Compare it to your summary. Take notes on the differences and ask if

the summary is a good representation of the source. Check if it's missing
anything important or if there are any unnecessary details.

6. Revise and edit your work for style and quality

Adjust your draft based on your notes on how your summary compares
to the source. Check that your work meets the elements of an effective
summary listed above and that it's free of grammatical and clerical errors.

7 tips (để gọn thì chỉ cần tựa đề phần giải thích thì thuyết trình là được)
● Keep short and simple sentences

It's important to keep your sentences short and use simple language
when writing a summary. Create a list of the main points from what you've
read or watched in order to create an outline for your summary.

● Be selective

The best summaries are not just short and sweet, but they also left the
reader wanting more. you should be selective when it comes to deciding what
information is important enough to include in your paper.

● Clear writing
 Good writing helps you be clear and concise. use the language in a way
where one is able to articulate their thoughts. not only summarizing the
information but also making sure they will not be lost.

● Determine your purpose before starting out

Knowing why one will read something helps determine which style suits
best!

● Create suspenseful sentences with drama

Using direct and strong language will create a compelling story that
hooks readers in from the start. describing something's passage or movement
as if it were an event happening

● Pay attention to key point

● Use memorable phrases as transitional devices
Transitions make texts more readable and forceful.

❖❖❖❖❖❖❖❖❖❖❖❖❖❖

SCRIPT
Hello teacher and hi guys, we are group No.6 and today, we will represent to
you steps to write an academic essay as well as technique to write a
summary.
So, let’s move to our first section: How many steps do you think we need to
write an academic essay? Do any of you know the answer? Yeah, good jobs, 6
is the right answer. First, we need to pre-write to get ideas by choosing the
topics and supporting points. Put your topic right on the top of the paper and
write down as many things as you can, which you think are relative to the
essay. There are many ways to generate ideas and points, here are some
popular methods: listing, clustering or self-asking 4 W- and 1 H- questions.
Next step is organizing ideas, reading again the list of ideas and crossout the
word that does not relate or support the topic. And don’t forget to choose the
suitable main ideas, relative points. Paper which is full of words and
sentences, check, pen, check,now your mission is to write a draft. Remember
that there are 3 parts for each paragraph: topic, supporting and concluding
sentences. When writing a draft, you don’t need to emphasize on grammar,
punctuality or spelling. Then, you can revise the draft by checking whether we
follow the outline structure or not and receiving friends’ feedback. You should
take note into a piece of paper about things that should be improved and
attach it with the draft. And now it’s time to be a careful person, again check
grammar, sentence structure as well as logical order, note down if you detect
any new mistake. And finally, rewrite the essays and hand it to the teacher.

We’ve just learned how to write an academic essay. How about a summary?
Not to let you wait longer, let’s move to Technique to write a summary. First of
all, we are going to learn about steps to write a summary. At the beginning,
you need to listen or read the source more than once to fully understand the
meaning and take note. Then, think about the author’s ideas and arguments,
translate them to the summary by your own words. Use your thesis to
describe the entirety of the source material as briefly as possible. After that,
we divide the content into ideas by breaking up your source material into
sections, into different pieces of evidence that support the thesis statement,
then organize them to create a clear transition between each idea. Like writing
an essay, you should write a draft of your summary from your notes. Write the
first draft in a way that logically connects each of your sections and main
ideas, try removing parts that don't relate strongly to the thesis, later, write it in
your own language without referring back to the source material. And then,
compare the source to your draft, take notes on the differences and ask if the
summary is a good representation of the source. You also need to check if it's
missing anything important or if there are any unnecessary details. Finally,
write a complete summary and finish your work. And of course, we should
know a little about strategies, or requirements to write a good summary. Using
your own words and sentence structures, including only main points and main
supporting points and not changing the meaning of the original are three
important things that you need to remember when writing a summary. To write
a summary, you will read the passage, understand its ideas and summarize
with your own words without changing any meanings of the passage. And
here are some skills that you should practice in order to have a good summary
paragraph. Skimming is an important skill that can help you quickly find the
necessary information through words, many words and lots of words in a
passage. Practicing is quite easy and convenient, especially for us, students
who are learning at International University. Just open a random textbook,
choose a random passage (it’s better to choose which has both data, number
or contains a lot of information), and yeah, we have an exercise to upgrade
your skill. Talking about relevance, we will need some skill such as
identification and selection to choose the right main and supporting points.
Identification will help you distinguish whether it is the main idea or details.
Normally, main ideas are often contained in topic sentences, which can be
found at the beginning of the paragraph. Besides, you will need selecting skill
to know which facts and examples support the topic of the document.
Moreover, having a wide vocabulary or knowing well about grammar is an
advantage when you summarize a passage, because multi-meaning words or
grammar may confuse and make you have a wrong understanding about the
content. It’s easier for you to avoid digression when you concentrate and only
think about that topic when writing a summary. Last but not least, be aware of
relationships between ideas, time sequence and logical order in both passage
and your summary. At the end of the presentation, we would like to introduce
to you some tips that upgrade your writing skill… Thank you everyone for
listening to us. If you have any questions, don’t hesitate to raise your hand
and ask us.