ON-BOARD-DIAGNOSTICS COMMUNICATION

The proposal for using UDS Services for OBD

What is UDS?

Defined in ISO 14229 - Unified Diagnostic Services (UDS)

Uses Services Modes 0x10 to 0xFF

Widely used by OEMs for enhanced diagnostics

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OBD/UDS

Background:
• Industry concerned about limited number of remaining undefined 2-byte diagnostic
trouble codes (DTC) and the need for additional DTCs for hybrid vehicles.
– Indicating 2-byte DTCs will run out soon. P-Codes 7753 used, 3510 remain

• Industry proposed to CARB the implementation of UDS services

– Provides 3-byte DTCs, significantly increasing number of DTCs that can be defined.
– Has features for data access that improve usefulness of the generic scan tool (GST)
to repair vehicles and provide needed information on in-use monitoring performance.
– Combined GST and service information would enable technicians to execute all
monitors in a more timely manner in inspection and maintenance (I/M) scenarios.

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OBD/UDS

Background (cont.):
• SAE J1979-2: the proposed standard that documents select ISO 14229-1
(UDS) services that can be used for OBD communication on Controller Area
Network (CAN) data links.
– OBD/UDS includes the porting of classic J1979 Modes $01 to $0A as well
as additional features such as DTC-specific readiness, test results and
IUMPR to OBD.

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OBD/UDS

• Current Requirement:
Only one freeze frame required (1968.2(g)(4.3.4)).
Freeze frame for misfire and fuel system malfunctions have priority.
• Proposal: Add more freeze frame information to provide additional data for a repair
technician to diagnose and repair an emission-related malfunction.
– Require freeze frame for at least 5 DTCs, each with 2 frames per DTC (one for the 1st
fault occurrence and the other for the most recent fault occurrence).
– Eliminate freeze frame priority requirements.
– 1st freeze frame - save all Parameter Identifiers (PIDs) required in
1968.2(g)(4.2.1)(A) on 1st fault occurrence.
– 2nd freeze frame - update at least once per driving cycle anytime a fault occurs, and
record all PIDs required in 1968.2(g)(4.2.1)(A).

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Freeze Frame First and Last Occurrence - OBD

1968.2(g)(4.2.1)(A)

• Calculated load value

• Number of stored confirmed fault codes
• Engine coolant temperature
• Engine speed
• Absolute throttle position
• Vehicle speed
• OBD requirements vehicle certified to
• MIL status

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OBD/UDS Amendments - Readiness (Current)

Spark Ignition Readiness Groups Compression Ignition Readiness Groups

Misfire Misfire
Fuel system Fuel system
Comprehensive component Comprehensive component
Catalyst Non-Methane Hydrocarbon (NMHC) catalyst
Heated catalyst Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) after treatment
Evaporative system Boost pressure system
Secondary air system Exhaust gas sensor
Oxygen sensor Particulate Matter (PM) Filter
Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) and/or
Oxygen sensor heater Variable Valve Timing, Lift, and/or Control (VVT)
system
Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) and/or
Variable Valve Timing, Lift, and/or Control (VVT)
system 7
OBD/UDS Amendments - Readiness

• Proposal: Expand readiness group list to provide more comprehensive

coverage of monitors in readiness.
– Include all monitors subject to the requirements of 1968.2(d)(3.1) & (3.2)
(i.e., IUMPR requirements).
– Include all misfire and fuel system monitors.

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OBD/UDS Amendments - Readiness

Proposed Readiness Groups

Catalyst Cold Start Emission Reduction Strategy
Heated Catalyst Variable Valve Timing
Misfire Direct Ozone Reduction System
Evap System Other
Secondary Air System Non-Methane Hydrocarbon Conv Catalyst
Fuel System Oxides of Nitrogen Converting Catalyst
Exhaust Gas Sensor Boost Pressure Control System
EGR Nox Absorber
PCV Particulate Matter Filter
Engine Cooling System

SAE INTERNATIONAL 9
OBD/UDS Amendments - Readiness

Also
• New Readiness Completion Requirements
• DTC-Specific Information in Readiness

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OBD/UDS Amendments – Test Results

• Current Requirement: Required to report test results for monitors listed in 1968.2(g)(4.5).
• Issue: Manufacturer-defined Test Identifiers (TIDs) are used to identify each test performed by an
OBD monitor.
– Difficult for vehicle repair technicians and CARB OBD staff to correlate TIDs to specific
DTCs/monitors without detailed reference material often missing in service literature.
– Monitor test results intended to help the vehicle repair technician identify systems that may be
close to failing and to verify an emissions repair.
• Proposal: Report test results by DTC from all monitors subject to the IUMPR requirements except for
CCM.
– DTC-specific test results also required for all misfire and fuel system monitors, even though they
are not subject to IUMPR requirements.
– This new service will aid in the identification of monitor test results.
– Allow only one set of test results/TID per DTC
– DTC-specific test results service allow only one set of test results/TID per DTC. UDS data stream
service allows more than one set of test results/TIDs per DTC for misfire monitor only.

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Why move away from the status quo?

Further Arguments for Service Infrastructure Change

• OBD services are the same as enhanced diagnostic services.
• UDS allows for Authorization, Authentication, Secured Data Transmission (if needed) by
using certificates handled by 3rd party.
• UDS is independent from CAN. It is can be used with other transport protocols, e.g.
Ethernet.
• Advanced scan tools can easily deploy OBD as well as Enhanced diagnostics.
• UDS is the basis for ISO 27145, which is used for HD Euro VI.

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Why move away from the status quo?

Arguments for UDS:

• allows for 3 byte DTCs + additional info using status byte (instead of 2 byte DTCs)
• allows for expanded PID/MIDs/TIDs/INFOTYPE ranges.
• supports multiple Freeze Frames, e.g. 5 frames.
• is compatible with service info, e.g. ODX, OTX...
• ODX = Open Diagnostic Data Exchange, ISO 22901
• OTX = Open Test sequence eXchange, ISO 13209
• Is already in use by most of vehicle manufacturers.

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 Today’s solution

SAE J1979 Classic ISO 14229-1

Different services/protocols
are used for enhanced and
OBD diagnostics
Session Ctrl
Request current data ECU Reset
Request freeze .
frame .
. .
. Read DTC
. Clear DTC
Request Perm DTCs ECU data Read Data Identifier
Routine Control

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In Discussion

ISO 14229-1 SAE J1979-2

(possible solution)
Same services/protocols
are used for enhanced and
OBD diagnostics Request current data
Session Ctrl
Request freeze
ECU Reset
frame
.
.
.
.
.
.
Read DTC
Read DTC
Clear DTC
Clear DTC
Read Data ID
ECU data Read Data ID
.
.
Routine Control
Routine Control

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 Overview Service-Mapping

SAE J1979 ISO 14229

Service Name Service Name

Read Out Data
0x01 Request Current Powertrain Diagnostic Data 0x22 ReadDataByIdentifier, PID 0xF4/F5xx
0x09 Request Vehicle Information 0x22 ReadDataByIdentifier, PID 0xF8/F9xx
Request On-Board Monitoring Test Results for Specific Monitored
0x06 0x22 ReadDataByIdentifier, PID 0xF6/F7xx
Systems
Fault Memory
0x03 Request Emission-Related DTCs 0x19 42 (08) reportWWHOBDDTCByMaskRecord (confirmed)
Request Emission-Related DTCs Detected During Current or Last
0x07 0x19 42 (04) reportWWHOBDDTCByMaskRecord (pending)
Completed Driving Cycle
0x0A Request Emission-Related DTCs with Permanent Status 0x19 55 reportWWHOBDDTCWithPermanentStatus
0x02 Request Powertrain Freeze Frame Data 0x19 04 reportDTCSnapshotRecordByDTCNumber
0x04 Clear/Reset Emission-Related Diagnostic Information 0x14
Control OBD System

0x08 Request Control of On-Board System, Test or Component 0x31 01 StartRoutine, RID 0xE000 - 0xE1FF

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Data - Changes in J1979 DA

Data Identifier (DID): 2 byte identifier for a data item, e.g. PID, OBDMID,
InfoType (see table)
Routine Identifier (RID): 2 byte identifier for a routine (e.g. ”EVAP leakage test”)

Type Service SAE J1979-Classic ID SAE J1979-2-UDS ID

PID 0x01 0x00-0xFF 0xF400-0xF5FF
MID 0x06 0x00-0xFF 0xF600-0xF7FF
InfoType 0x09 0x00-0xFF 0xF800-0xF8FF

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Data - Changes in J2012 DA

2 Byte Definition 3 Byte Definition

DTC Name DTC Component / System Name FTB Fault
P0001 Fuel Volume Regulator Control Circuit/Open P0001 Fuel Volume Regulator Control 13 Circuit Open
Fuel Volume Regulator Control Circuit ISO/SAE Reserved - Previously Performance or Incorrect
P0002 Range/Performance P0001 Defined for 2-Byte DTCs 92 Operation
ISO/SAE Reserved - Previously
P0003 Fuel Volume Regulator Control Circuit Low P0001 Defined for 2-Byte DTCs 11 Circuit Short To Ground
ISO/SAE Reserved - Previously
P0004 Fuel Volume Regulator Control Circuit High P0001 Defined for 2-Byte DTCs 12 Circuit Short To Battery

• (limited) backward compatibility

• Recycle „formerly used“ DTCs (70%)
• 3 byte = 2 byte DTC + Failure Type Byte (FTB)
• 3 byte DTC definition with FTBs allows more precise pin-pointing of different
faults.
• additional byte (Status of DTC) is defined in UDS
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 DTC Status bits

Supported Remark
0 TestFailed OBD

1 TestFailedThisOperationCycle OBD Used for trigger condition for Freezeframe (latest occurence)

2 PendingDTC OBD
3 ConfirmedDTC OBD
4 TestNotCompletedSinceLastClear OBD DTC based readiness since last clear

5 TestFailedSinceLastClear Optional for Not required for OBD

OEM
6 TestNotCompletedThisOperationCycle OBD DTCbased readiness this operation cycle

7 WarningIndicatorRequested Optional for Not required for OBD

OEM

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OBD/UDS Proposed Implementation Timeline

• Proposal: To require implementation of UDS services on all LD and MD OBD II

vehicles.
– Option to start as early as 2022MY.
• Excludes UDS IUMPR amendments.
• Must be able to verify standardization requirements (in case SAE J1699
not yet updated to accommodate UDS).
– 2026+MY: Must meet all UDS amendments, including IUMPR (except as
provided below for hybrids).
• Hybrid vehicles: 30/60/100% 2026-2028MY phase-in of IUMPR
requirements for hybrid components.
• For IUMPR issues, may be granted deficiencies, but no fines for 2026-
2028MY.

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People that either willingly or unwillingly contributed to this information but
should be credited here for their good work and dedication.

Bobby Gruszczynski – Independent

Markus Zblewski – VW
Joakim Pauli – Volvo Truck
Marl Laleman – Ford
California Air Resources Board – multiple people

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