LESSON 1: THE STUDY OF RIZAL IN his reasons, the situation he found himself in as

HISTORICAL AND CRITICAL APPROACH well as his motivations.

Why study Rizal? RIZAL: AN EXAMPLE OF SACRIFICE
1. Because it is mandated by law  Our national hero was a man of peace with a
 Republic Act 1425, otherwise known as the vision.
Rizal Law.  Rizal suffered as much as his countrymen.
 Senator Jose P. Laurel- the person who  Yet all he wanted for his people was that they
sponsored the said law. educate themselves so that they could stand as
The Rizal law enacted in 1956, seeks to accomplish free men and face the world with head held
the following goals: high.
 To rededicate the lives of youth to the ideals of RIZAL IDEAS: A REPLY TO THE CHALLENGES
freedom and nationalism, for which our heroes OF OUR MILLENIUM
lived and died.  Jose Rizal is indeed pre-eminent among the
 To pay contribute to our national hero for national heroes of the Philippines, and is thus
devoting his life and works in shaping the revered by the Filipino nation primarily because
Filipino character. of his virtues of character which exemplify
 To gain an inspiring source of patriotism honesty, personal integrity, patriotism and civic
through the study of Rizal’s life, works and responsibility. willingness to sacrifice for the
writings. cause of his native land, high sense of justice
2. Because of the lessons contained within the and family solidarity, and the other loftiest
course. standard of truth with which he pursued the
 To recognize the importance of Rizal’s ideals nobility of his cause to found and foster Filipino
and teachings in relation to present conditions Nationhood.
and situations in the society. RIZAL’S VIRTUES OF CHARACTER
 To encourage the application of such ideals in  Honesty
current social and personal problems and  Personal Integrity
issues.  Patriotism
 To develop an appreciation and deeper  Civic Personality
understanding of all that Rizal fought and dies  Willingness to Sacrifice
for.  High Sense of Justice
 To foster the development of the Filipino youth  Family Solidarity
in all aspects of citizenship
RIZAL: HUMAN AND HERO
 Many of his social criticisms are still valid today
because certain aspects of our life is still
carry-over of the feudal and colonial society of
his time.
 To be able to appreciate a hero for that matter,
we must be able to learn more about him-not
merely his acts but the thoughts behind his acts,
LESSON 2: RIZAL’S GENEALOGY & THE ANCESTRY CLAN-MOTHER SIDE
EDUCATION Teodora Alonso
 Mother of Jose Rizal
THE ANCESTRY CLAN-FATHER SIDE  One of the highly educated women in the
Domingo Lamco Philippines at that time
 A full-blooded chinese immigrant from Phuket  She was a gifted woman with insights into
City China literature, art, music and other forms of Filipino
 Arrived at Manila around 1690 Culture.
 Used “Mercado ” as a surname on 1731 (was THE NAME- THE SIBLINGS
honored due to its perseverance and honesty Jose Protacio Realonda Alonzo Rizal
as a merchant in Manila) Origin of Rizal' s Full name: Jose Protacio Rizal
 Married Ines de la Rosa Mercado Y Alonso Realonda
 Had two sons named:  JOSE- Christian Saint San Jose (St.Joseph)
1. Josepha Didnio who died early  PROTACIO- St. Protacio(patron saint for June
2. Francisco Mercado 19)
 Father Rufino Collantes- the priest who
Francisco Mercado baptized Rizal.
 Born in Biñan Laguna  RIZAL- (second crop) adapted in 1850 by
 Became the Gobernadorcillo of Biñan at the authority of the Royal Decree of 1849.
year 1783  Governor Narciso Claveria
 Married Bernarda Monica  ALONSO- from old surname of his mother
 Had two sons: Clemente and Juan Mercad  Teodora Alonzo Realonda y Quintos
 Lost his father at the age of eight  Y and REALONDA- from the surname of
 Studied Latin and Philosophy at the College of Doña Teodora ' s godmother
San Jose in Manila  . MERCADO- (market) adopted in 1731 by
 Married Teodora A. Realonda Domigo Lamco. Origin of Rizal' s Full name:
Jose Protacio Rizal Mercado Y Alonso
Juan Mercado Realonda
 became the Gobernadorcillo of Biñan at the  a paternal great great grandfather of Jose Rizal
years 1808, 1813, and 1823 at the age of 22
 Married Cirila Alejandra FAMILY OF RIZAL
 historians say that it was Juan who registered Parents of Rizal:
his family as an indio and not his chinese Francisco Mercado (1818-1898)
ancestry  Father of Jose Rizal
 Had 13 children (Gavino, Petrona, Potenciana,  youngest of 13 offsprings of Juan and Cirila
Leoncio, Fausto, Casimiro, Barcelisa, Mercado
Francisco, Gabriel, Julian, Gregorio, Tomasa,  Born in Biñan Laguna on April 18,1818
and Cornelia)  Studied in San Jose College Manila
 Died in Manila
Teodora Alonso (1827-1913) Trinidad Rizal (1868-1951)
 Mother of Jose Rizal  10th child
 Second child of Lorenzo Alonso and Brijida de  Last of the family to die
Quintos Soledad Rizal(1870-1929)
 Studied at the Colegio De Santa Rosa  youngest child
 Died in 1913 in Manila  Married to Pantaleon Quintero

Archaeological chronology RIZAL'S EARLY EDUCATION

Saturnina Rizal (1850-1913)  Rizal had his early education in calamba and
 Eldest child Biñan.
 Married to Manuel Timotoe Hidalgoof Tanuan, Characterized by four R'S
Batangas  Reading
Paciano Rizal (1952-1939)  Writing
 2nd child and only brother of Rizal  Arithmetic
 Studied at San Jose College in Manila  Religion
 Became a farmer and later a general of the THE HERO'S FIRST TEACHER
Philippine Revolution  Teodora Alonso- his mother and was Rizal' s
Narcisa Rizal (1852-1939) first teacher
 3rd child Doña Teodora as a tutor:
 Married to Antonio Lopez at Morong Rizal  Patient
Olympia Rizal (1855-1887)  Conscientious
 4th child  Understanding
 Married to Silvestre Ubaldo  As Jose grew older, his parents employed
Lucia Rizal (1857-1919) private tutors to give him lessons at home
 5th child 1. Maestro Celstino
 Married to Matriano Herbosa 2. Maestro Lucas Padua
Maria Rizal( 1859-1945) 3. Leon Monroy
 6th child
 Married to Daniel Faustino THE EARLY RELIGOUS FORMATION
Jose Rizal (1861-1896) June 22,1861
 Second son and the 7th child  Dr. Jose Rizal was baptized at the Catholic of
 December 30,1896(convicted) Calamba by Parish Priest Rufino Collantes with
Concepcion Rizal(1862-1865) Rev. Pedro Casañas as his sponsor
 8th child Sept 28,1862
 Died at the age of 3  The parish as well as all the written documents
Josefa Rizal (1865-1945) including the baptismal of Dr. Jose Rizal were
 9th child burned
 With Epileptic Disorder
June 06,1868  By 1865, Ateneo was a secondary school that
 Rizal and his father left Calamba to go to a offered rigorous courses almost equivalent to
pilgrimage to Antipolo to fulfill his mother ’ s college academics.
vow  While attending Ateneo, Rizal developed into a
first-rate student, he was remembered as an
THE EARLY RELIGOUS WRITINGS AND original thinker, a creative scholar, and a
EXPERIENCES natural leader.
Writings of Rizal at Ateneo  The most noticeable change in Rizal' s
Al Niño Jesus (To the Child Jesus) education was his mastery of Spanish.
 Was written in Spanish in 1875 at the age of 14. Fr. Francisco de Paula Sanchez
It is an octave real or a short poem with eight  The Spanish Jesuit was Rizal' s favorite
verses only teacher in Ateneo where the said priest taught
A La Virgen Maria (To the Virgin Mary) Literature. It was under Fr. Sanchez that the
 As Rizal was a Marian devotee- and even young Rizal learned the Greek and Latin
carved a statue of the Virgin Mary, he wrote a Classics. He encouraged Rizal to cultivate his
sonnet on 1876 literary skills, by writing essays and poetry.
Alianza Intima la religion y la educacion (An  Father Sanchez even became a staunch
Intimate Alliance of Religion and Education) defender of the Noli.
 Reflects the strong connection between  "Father Sanchez is a penetrating observer,
education and faith. although rather pessimistic, always looking at
the bad side of things. When we were in school,
THE INSPIRATION OF THE PARABLE MOTH we used to call him a 'dark spirit' and the
 The parable told that the young moth was students nicknamed him 'Paniki, ' which is ' a
attracted to the flame, and thought that it could kind of bat". - Rizal
conquer it, it pushed itself to the burning flame Fr. Jose Villaclara
and got burned. The moth died a martyr in its  Fr. Villaclara was almost against Rizal' s
own illusion, he truly thought he conquered the actions, one is that his closeness with Fr.
burning flame, but it was not. Francisco de Paula Sanchez. And so, the other
 Rizal gained inspiration from the parable, that things when they were still in each other at
it is not impossible to conquer insurmountable Ateneo, advising him to focus on studying
odds and be martyr in reality but never in practical things in Philosophy and Natural
illusion. Sciences, yet Jose did not listen to this advice
of his professor priest and continually go on to
LESSON 3: RIZAL’S EDUCATION & CAREER his passion in arts, music, and literature. Fr.
Rizal's Formative Years Villaclara is also one of the priests who visited
 When the Jesuits re-emerged to convert the Jose Rizal in his imprisonment in Intramuros
Mindanao population, they were also asked to Por La Educación (Recibe Lustre La Patria)
take charge of the Ateneo school.  written in the year 1876 at the age of 15
 speaks of the “ ratio studiorum ”
 argues that education is an integral part of the 3 main factors that contributed to his
national character unhappiness at the University of Santo Tomas
named:
College Life in Unibersidad de Santo Tomas 1. The Dominican professors were hostile him
 University of Sto.Tomas - a Dominican school 2. Filipino students suffered discrimination.
where Rizal continued to create his vision of 3. The method of instruction at UST was obsolete
Philippine Nationalism. The only University in and repressive.
the Philippines during the 19th century.
Why was the UST so influential upon Rizal' s Likewise, there were 3 reasons for his
intellectual development? struggling academic performance:
 Part of the influence can be traced to the  Rizal was not satisfied with the system of
history of the UST. Quietly on his own, Rizal education at the University.
continued to work on his political ideas and  There were plenty of things to distract a young
even received passing marks but found that the man in the peak of his youth.
heavy emphasis on science was not his liking.  Medicine was not Rizal' s true vocation.
 Jesuit Priests - advised Rizal to take up farming
or to join the order and be a man of the cloth. LESSON 4: RIZAL’S TRAVELS ABROAD
Jose Rizal and The Propaganda Movement
In the end, he decided to sign up for Philosophy Between 1872 and 1892
and Letters during his freshman year because  A national consciousness was growing among
of the following reasons: the Filipino ѐmigrѐs.
1. It was what his father would have wanted for  These ѐmigrѐs formed the PROPAGANDA
him. MOVEMENT.
2. He had failed to seek the advice of the rector of Goals of Propaganda Movement
Ateneo, Father Ramon Pablo.  Representation of Philippines in the Cortes
 Secularization of clergy
As part of the course, he had to complete units  Legalization of Spanish and Filipino Equality
in the following subjects:  Creation of public school system independent
 Cosmology and Metaphysics of the friars
 Theodicy  Abolition of the Polo y Servicio and vandala
 History of Philosophy  Guarantee of basic freedoms of speech
 Equal opportunity for Filipinos and Spanish to
Rizal decided to take up medicine as his enter government service
university course. This change of heart was due JOSE RIZAL
to two factors  His greatest impact on the development of a
 Father Ramon Pablo had advised him to Filipino national consciousness was his
pursue the course. publication of two novels: NOLI ME TANGERE
 Rizal' s mother had failing eyesight. in 1886 and EL FILIBUSTERISMO.
OTHER PROPAGANDISTS TOGETHER WITH and national independence. Because the
RIZAL IN THEIR JOURNEY FOR PH Spanish refused to allow genuine reform, the
SOVEREIGNTY initiative quickly passed from the former group
GRACIANO LOPEZ JAENA to the latter.
 a noted orator and pamphleteer who had left
the islands for Spain in 1880 after the THE TRAVELS OF RIZAL
publication of FRAY BOTOD. May 1882
 In 1889, he established a biweekly newspaper  Jose Rizal left the country to pursue further
in Barcelona, the LA SOLIDARIDAD. studies abroad. He enrolled in a course in
DR. FERDINAND BLUMENTRITT medicine at the Universidad Central de Madrid
 An Austrian geographer and ethnologist whom in Spain.
Rizal had met in Germany. June 1883
MARCELO H. DEL PILAR  He travelled to France to observe how
 He was active in the anti-friar movement in the medicine was being practiced there.
islands until obliged to flee to Spain in 1888, March 1887
where he became editor of La Solidaridad and  Publication of the novel Noli Me Tangere in
assumed leadership of the Filipino community Germany
in Spain. August 1887
 After 5 years in Europe, Rizal returned to
LA LIGA FILIPINA Manila.
 In July, Rizal established the Liga Filipina – February 1888
designed to be a truly national, nonviolent  Rizal left Manila for Hongkong
organization. April 1888
 It was dissolved, however, following his arrest  Entering San Francisco, he visited the states
and exile to the remote town of Dapitan in of Nevada, Utah, Colorado, Nebraska, Illinois,
northwestern Mindanao. and New York. He jotted down his observation
 The Propaganda Movement languished after of the landscape in his diary
Rizal's arrest and the collapse of the Liga May 1888
Filipina.  He arrived in England.
 La Solidaridad went out of business in August 1888
November 1895.  He was admitted to the British Museum.
 In 1896, both del Pilar and Lopez Jaena died 1888- 1890
in Barcelona, worn down by poverty and  Rizal shuttled between London and Paris.
disappointment. March 1890
 An attempt was made to reestablish the Liga  Rizal finished writing his second novel, El
Filipina, but the national movement had Filibusterismo, in France.
become split between ilustrado advocates of September 1890
reform and peaceful evolution (the  El Filibusterismo was published in Ghent.
compromisarios, or compromisers) and a June 1892
plebeian constituency that wanted revolution  Rizal came home to the Philippines