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Define Moral Philosophy

Moral philosophy, also called ethics, is the study of concepts like good and evil, right and wrong, and justice. It seeks to define these concepts and determine how humans should act morally. There are three main areas of ethics: meta-ethics concerning the meaning of moral language; normative ethics concerning how to act morally; and applied ethics concerning moral issues in specific domains. Research ethics provide guidelines for responsibly conducting scientific research involving human subjects, with principles like informed consent, protecting participants, and responsible publication of results.

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294 views4 pages

Define Moral Philosophy

Moral philosophy, also called ethics, is the study of concepts like good and evil, right and wrong, and justice. It seeks to define these concepts and determine how humans should act morally. There are three main areas of ethics: meta-ethics concerning the meaning of moral language; normative ethics concerning how to act morally; and applied ethics concerning moral issues in specific domains. Research ethics provide guidelines for responsibly conducting scientific research involving human subjects, with principles like informed consent, protecting participants, and responsible publication of results.

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jeganrajraj
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Define moral philosophy

 Ethics, also called Moral Philosophy, the discipline concerned with what is morally good


and bad and morally right and wrong.
 "involves systematizing, defending, and recommending concepts of right and
wrong behavior"
 seeks to resolve questions of human morality by defining concepts such as good and evil,
right and wrong, virtue and vice, justice and crime
 Moral philosophy is the branch of learning that deals with the nature of morality and
the theories that are used to arrive at decisions about what one ought to do and why. 
Three major areas of study within ethics recognized today are
1. Meta-Ethics, concerning the theoretical meaning and reference of moral propositions,
and how their truth values (if any) can be determined;
2. Normative Ethics, concerning the practical means of determining a moral course of
action;
3. Applied Ethics, concerning what a person is obligated (or permitted) to do in a specific
situation or a particular domain of action
3. Define Ethics in Research
Research Ethics?
 Research ethics are the set of ethical guidelines that guides us on how scientific research
should be conducted and disseminated.
 Research ethics govern the standards of conduct for scientific researchers It is the
guideline for responsibly conducting the research.
 Research that implicates human subjects or contributors rears distinctive and
multifaceted ethical, legitimate, communal and administrative concerns.

Objectives of Research Ethics


 To guard/protect human participants, their dignity, rights and welfare.
 To make sure that research is directed in a manner that assists welfares of persons,
groups and/or civilization as a whole.
 To inspect particular research events and schemes for their ethical reliability, 

Principles of research ethics are:


Honesty
Being honest with the beneficiaries and respondents.
Ensuring honesty and sincerity. Fulfilling agreements and promises. Do not
Integrity
create false expectations or make false promises.
Objectivity Avoiding bias in experimental design, data analysis, data interpretation, peer
review, and other aspects of research.
Informed consent means that a person knowingly, voluntarily and intelligently
Informed consent
gives consent to participate in a research.
It includes:
autonomy, which requires that those who are capable of deliberation about
Respect for person/respondent
their personal goals should be treated with respect for their capacity for self-
determination
Maximize the benefits of the participants. Ethical obligation to maximize
Beneficence
possible benefits and to minimize possible harms to the respondents.
Non-maleficence/ Protecting the Do no harm. Minimize harm/s or risks to the human. Ensure privacy, autonomy
subjects (human) and dignity.
Responsibly publishing to promote and uptake research or knowledge. No
Responsible publication
duplicate publication.
It means keeping the participant anonymous. It involves not revealing the
Protecting anonymity name, caste or any other information about the participants that may reveal
his/her identity.
Protecting confidential information, personnel records.
Confidentiality
Avoid discrimination on the basis of age, sex, race, ethnicity or other factors
Non-discrimination
that are violation of human rights and are not related to the study.
Be open to sharing results, data and other resources. Also accept encouraging
Openness
comments and constructive feedback.
Carefulness and respect for intellectual Be careful about the possible error and biases.
Give credit to the intellectual property of others. Always paraphrase while
property
referring to others article, writing. Never plagiarize.
Best practices in publication ethics
The Committee on publication Ethics (COPE) is an international forum for editors and publishers of
peer-reviewed journals that provide “Code of Conduct” and “Best Practice Guidelines”

In India, The University Grants Commission (UGC) published guidance documents on Good Academic
Research Practices (GARP) in 2020

The Committee on publication Ethics (COPE) has published the following 16 principles

Conflict of Interest in Research

 The CoI exist when professional judgment of the research or the core objective of the
research is compromised or have the appearance of compromising by the financial or
other personal considerations
 The term “conflict of interest (COI) in research” refers to situations in which financial or
other personal considerations may compromise — or have the appearance of
compromising — an investigator’s professional judgment in conducting or reporting
research. 

A note on ‘Plagiarism’
 It refers the use of others published and unpublished ideas or words without permission
and presenting them as new and original rather than derived from an existing source
 The practice of taking someone else’s work or ideas and passing them off as a new one”
Nature of Plagiarism
1. Word-by-word copying
2. The use of a particular unique term or concept
3. Restatement of other’s ideas
4. False citation
5. False data
6. Unacknowledged multiple submission

Level 1 Similarities up to 10%


Level 2 Similarities above 10% to 40%
Level 3 Similarities above 40% to 60%
Level 4 Similarities above 60%
Consequences of Plagiarism
1. Destroyed Student Reputation
2. Destroyed Professional Reputation
3. Destroyed Academic Reputation
4. Legal Repercussions
5. Monetary Repercussions
6. Plagiarized Research

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