FACULTY OF CHEMICAL AND PROCESS

ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY

BTK2232 ELECTRICAL TECHNOLOGY (SEM II 2021/2022)

PROJECT TITLE: CIRCUIT ANALYSIS USING SERIES AND

PARALLEL CIRCUIT ANALYSIS AND SIMULATOR
SECTION: 01

GROUP NUMBER: 06

NO. NAME ID NUMBER

01 MUHAMMAD ZUL FADHIL BIN RISNALDI KH21010
02 ROHBILAASH YOGIT A/L RAJENDRA KUMAR KH21025
03 TEBA SANGERI D/O GANESH ANANTHAN KH21026
04 TRILOGGEN A/L KUGANESAN KH21030
TABLE OF CONTENT

NO. CONTENT PAGE

1.0 Introduction 1

2.0 Calculation of Power 2-6

3.0 Simulator 7

4.0 Simulation Result 8

5.0 Comparison Table of Calculated and Simulated Results 9

6.0 Conclusion 10
7.0 References 11
1.0 INTRODUCTION

Before determining the amount of power required by one resistor, Series and Parallel
Circuit Analysis was used in this project to determine the total resistance in this circuit.
The fundamental concept of a "parallel" connection, on the other hand, is that all
components are connected across each other's leads, whereas the fundamental concept of
a "series" connection is that components are connected end-to-end in a line to form a
single path for electrons to flow. No matter how many components are connected in a
purely parallel circuit, there will never be more than two sets of electrically common
points. Although electrons can travel in a variety of directions, there is only one voltage
across all components.

Based on the question, there is one complete circuit with 11 resistors (4Ω, 6Ω, 2Ω, 5Ω
,1Ω, 4Ω, 3Ω, 2Ω, 3Ω, 2Ω and 5Ω) arranged in parallel and series, as well as one voltage
source (40 V). Series and Parallel Analysis was used because the circuit was mixed
arranged in series and parallel. First, we have figured out the entire circuit's total
resistance for the second step. Using Kirchhoff's law, (1 Ω) V=IR, the total current, IT, is
calculated. The third step is to apply the current divided rule to figure 8's R2 to determine
𝑅
the current. The fourth step is we use the current divided rule Ix=𝑅𝑇 × 𝐼𝑇 , to determine the
𝑥

current that flows through current that passes through R4 in figure 6. Fifth step are to
calculate the current that passes through R5 in figure 5. V at the highlighted resistor (1 Ω)
was calculated. In the final step, we use the formula P=VI to determine the power at 1 Ω.

1
 2.0 CALCULATIONG OF POWER

Figure 1: model of a circuit

Based on the circuit above it is known that the circuit is a mixture of series and parallel
circuit, with given voltage 40V while total resistance and current is unknown. The objective of
this project is to calculate the power of the resistor with resistance 1Ω which is squared in red.

Step 1 is to calculate the total resistance of the circuit.

Figure 2 R7

R4 R8

R1 R2 R5 R6 R9 R10

R3

R11

R2 and R3 are series, R7 and R8 are parallel,

1 1
R2+3 = 3 Ω + 2 Ω R7+8 = (4 + 6)−1

=5Ω = 2.4 Ω

2
 Figure 3

R3 R6

R1 R2 R4 R5 R7 R8

R9

New, R1 and R2 are parallel, New, R6 and R8 are series,

1 1
R1+2 = (5 + 5)−1 R6+8 =2.4 Ω + 2 Ω

=2.5 Ω = 4.4 Ω

Figure 4
R2 R5

R1 R3 R4 R6

R7

New, R5 and R6 are parallel, New, R5+6 and R7 are series

1 1
R5+6= (4.4 + 5)−1 R(5+6) +7 = 2.340 Ω + 1 Ω

=2.340 Ω = 3.340 Ω

3
 Figure 5

R2

R1 R3 R4 R5

New, R4 and R5 are parallel

1 1
R4+5= (4 + 3.34)−1

= 1.820

Figure 6

R2

R1 R3 R4

New, R3 and R4 are parallel,

1 1
R3+4= (2 + 1.820)−1

= 0.9530

Figure 7

R2

R1 R3

New, R2 and R3 are series,

R2+3 = 3 Ω + 0.9530 Ω

=3.953 Ω

4
 Figure 8

R1 R2

New, R1 and R2 are parallel,

1 1
R1+2= (2.5 + 3.953)−1

Rtotal = 1.531

Second step is to calculate the total current, IT with calculated R using Kirchhoff’s law,

V=IR

40=IT(1.531)

IT= 26.127 A

Third step is to calculate the current that passes through R2 in figure 8 using current divided rule,

𝑅
I2=𝑅𝑇 × 𝐼𝑇
𝑥

1.531
= 3.953 × 26.127

= 10.122 A

Fourth step is to calculate the current that passes through R4 in figure 6 using current divided
rule,

𝑅𝑇
I4= × 𝐼𝑇
𝑅𝑥

0.953
= 1.820 × 10.127

= 5.303 A

5
Fifth step is to calculate the current that passes through R5 in figure 5 using current divided rule,

𝑅
I5=𝑅𝑇 × 𝐼𝑇
𝑥

1.820
= 3.340 × 5.303

= 2.890 A

To find the voltage, V at the highlighted resistor (1 Ω) can be calculated by using the formula

V=IR,

V=(2.890)1

=2.890 V

Since the current that passes through the the highlighted resistor (1 Ω) is in a series circuit then
the current at resistor (1 Ω) is 2.890

Finally, with these calculated data, the power at the highlighted resistor (1 Ω) can be calculated
by using the formula

P=I2R , where P is the power, I2 is the current at resistor (1 Ω) and R is the resistance of the
resistor

P= 2.8902×1

= 8.352 Watt

6
3.0 SIMULATOR

Figure 1: Simulation Circuit for Power determination

• Figure above shows a combination of series and parallel circuit analysis power
determination.
• There are having two voltage sources where 40V, and eleven resistors which are 5Ω,
1Ω, 3Ω, 2Ω, 3Ω, 2Ω, 4Ω, 5Ω, 2Ω, 1Ω, 6Ω, and 4Ω.
• The application used to create the circuit like figure above is Falstad Simulator
• Link: https://www.falstad.com/circuit/
• From this simulator, we can get the value of power and current for each resistor.
• On the circuit, the green colour means positive voltage while grey colour means
indicated ground.
• There are three steps by using this simulator which are create a circuit by drawing the
wires, resistors and voltage source.
• The next step is putting an actual value for the resistors and voltage sources same as
circuit that was got from the question and then click start to running the circuit
programmes.
• The last step is moving the cursor arrow to the resistor that should determine the value
of power for 1Ω resistor.

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4.0 SIMULATION RESULT

Figure 2: Simulation Circuit shows the result

• The figure above shows the value of current and power for 1Ω resistor that been highlighted
with blue marked. The power value is 8.333 watt.

8
 5.0 COMPARISON TABLE OF CALCULATED AND SIMULATED
RESULTS

Simulated results Calculated results

Resistor, R Current, I Voltage, V Power, P Resistor, R Current, I Voltage, V Power, P

(Ω) (A) (V) (W) (Ω) (A) (V) (W)

1 2.8870 2.8870 8.3330 1 2.8900 2.8900 8.3521

Table 1: Table of comparison of simulated and calculated voltage, current and power at 1Ω.

Table 1 portrays the comparison of simulated and calculated voltage, current and
power at 1Ω. Based on Table 1, the value of calculated current and simulated current are
almost the same but vary by a slight difference in value. The value of calculated power and
simulated power are also almost the same. The difference in the simulated values and
calculated values are usually because simulated results usually represent the behavior of an
object based on the theoretical version of it. Meanwhile, calculated results represent the
actual behavior of said object under test with specific measuring errors. The error is bound
and lies within certain margin.

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6.0 CONCLUSION

In conclusion, using Series and Parallel Circuit Analysis, the value of Rtotal =
1.5315 in this circuit was used to determine the total resistance. The given circuit
has one voltage source 40V and 11 parallel and series resistors 4Ω, 6Ω, 2Ω, 5Ω,1Ω,
4Ω, 3Ω, 2Ω, 3Ω, 2Ω and 5Ω. From that resistance value, the total current in this
circuit, which only has one resistor, IT, can be calculated as IT= 26.127 A using
Kirchhoff's law. The current that flows through R2 in figure 8 was determined to be
current that passes through R4 in figure 6 IT=10.122 A using the current divided
rule, and the current that flows through R4 in figure 6 was determined to be 𝐼4 =
5.303 A and 𝐼5 =2.890 A for current that passes through R5 in figure 5. Voltage at
the highlighted resistor (1 Ω) is 2.890 V. The formula P=VI can then be utilized to
ascertain the value of the 1 Ω power, which is 8.352 Watt.

The software used in this project is called Falstad Simulator. Falstad simulations
of mixed analogue and digital circuits are included in this software. The project's
circuit analysis is correct because, using this software, the power involved through
the 1 Ω value, which is 8.352 Watt, is nearly identical to the calculated.

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7.0 REFERENCES

1. Circuit Simulator Applet. (2019). Retrieved from Falstad.com website:

https://www.falstad.com/circuit/

2. Kuphaldt, T. (2018, November 8). 5.1: What are “Series” and “Parallel”
Circuits?. Retrieved from Workforce LibreTexts website:
https://workforce.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Electronics_Technology/Book
%3A_Electric_Circuits_I_-
_Direct_Current_(Kuphaldt)/05%3A_Series_And_Parallel_Circuits/5.01%3
A_What_are_Series_and_Parallel_Circuits

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