REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES

ILOILO STATE COLLEGE OF FISHERIES

College of Management
San Enrique, Iloilo
5036 Philippines

MIDTERM EXAMINATION
GE ETHICS
First Semester S.Y 2021-2022

Directions: Read each question carefully and write the letter of the correct answer on your answer sheet.

1.) Psychological Egoism states that:

a. People should do selfish things
b. Selfish things are ‘right’
c. People will always do selfish things
d. All of the above (a-c)
e. None of the above (a-d)
2.) Historically, the central ethical value of medicine was Primum no nocere, which
means:
a. Diagnose with one’s ears first (e.g. “listen to your patients”)
b. Do no harm
c. Never ignore a symptom
d. Always benefit the patient
e. None of the above
3.) According to the textbook, descriptive ethics is:
a. About how people actually behave
b. The imperative to treat others and ends in themselves
c. About how people should behave
d. About moral prescriptions
e. All of the above
4.) According to the textbook, meta ethics is best described as:
a. Focused on the specifics of ethics
b. Focused on the content of ethics
c. Focused on the nature of ethics
d. Focused on relativism
e. None of the above
5.) According to Ezekiel Emanuel, coercion is defined as:
a. Anything that influences your decision
b. Gifts that you “can’t refuse”
c. Ethically allowable in certain circumstances
d. Acting against your own will
e. All of the above
6.) Deontology is best described as:
a. focused on outcomes as the primary moral good
b. a moral system based on the respect for autonomy
c. a moral system based on the promotion of the greatest good
d. a moral system based on the minimization of harm
e. none of the above
7.) Beneficence is defined as:
a. acts designed to respect the patient’s autonomy
b. acts designed to promote a sense of justice in a society’s healthcare
c. acts designed to promote the greatest good to the greatest number
d. acts designed to promote the overall benefit to a patient
e. none of the above
8.) According to the Tri-Council Code, which of the following IS NOT among its guiding
ethical principles:
a. Balancing harms and benefits
b. Vulnerable persons
c. Maximizing research progress
d. Justice
e. Human dignity
9.) When we discussed Kant in class, I mentioned that one of the categorical
imperatives was also known as the practical imperative. Which of the following is the
“practical imperative?”
a. act in a way that should be everyone’s duty
b. act in a way to promote the greatest good
c. act in a way to minimize evil in society
d. act in total adherence to your duties
e. act in a way that you never use a person solely as a means to your ends
10.) Which of these did I say was the principle of utility?
a. promote the good to those with whom you have a relationship
b. respect the autonomy of patients
c. promote justice
d. bring about the greatest good to the greatest number
e. promote human rights as moral rights
11.) In “On Liberty” J.S. Mill said that you should have autonomy except in three
situations. Which of the following IS NOT one of those:
a. you don’t understand or are incapable of reflecting on your choices and
actions
b. there are hidden dangers
c. there are known dangers and you want to do them anyway
d. you will interfere with the autonomy of others
12.) In class, we discussed four (4) “aspects of autonomy.” Which of the following IS
NOT one of those:
a. authenticity
b. utility
c. effective deliberations
d. moral reflection
e. free action
13.) Emanuel said an inducement is:
a. Ethically permitted in research
b. A gift
c. Not coercive
d. A reward or compensation
e. All of the above
14.) We discussed Ontario’s Health Care Consent Act of 1996 in class. It defines four (4)
elements of informed consent. Which of the following IS NOT one of those:
a. consent must relate to the treatment
b. be informed
c. be given voluntarily
 d. not be obtained through misrepresentation
e. information must completely disclose all risks

15.) According to Plato, the “noble lie” is:

a. a lie told to protect yourself from excessively negative consequences
b. a lie told to protect everyone involved
c. a lie told which is falsely positive
d. a lie told which is falsely negative
e. a lie told to benefit the one(s) being lied to
16.) In class, I defined “authenticity” as:
a. living up to others’ ethical expectations of you
b. making choices that you want to, freed from influences
c. living by moral codes
d. living according to truth
e. none of the above
17.) According to the Ontario College of Physicians and Surgeons, which of the following
is “appropriate information that informs consent”
a. provide patients with all reasonable data
b. possible alternatives to treatment
c. risks of all possible procedures
d. restrict comments to area of expertise
e. all of the above
18.) In class we talked about vulnerable populations in research. Which of the following
characteristics IS NOT part of vulnerable populations:
a. There is an institutionalized parity in power
b. An inability to respect their own best interests
c. Must consider punishment or reward before participating
d. Susceptible to power
e. None of the above
19.) The word “autonomy” literally means:
a. self-immolation
b. self-flagellation
c. self-rule
d. self-reflection
e. none of the above
20.) When it comes to autonomy, I mentioned that ineffective deliberations can be
caused by: a. Missing information
b. Cognitive problems
c. False information
d. All of the above (a-c)
e. None of the above (a-d)
21.) Ontario’s Health Care Consent Act of 1996 dictates what should go into an informed
consent process, so healthcare providers can know what to include. Which of the
following IS NOT one of those things that should be included:
a. Likely consequences
b. Detailed evidence-based assessments of material risks
c. Alternative treatments
d. Side-effects
e. Expected benefits
22.) “Dr. Kirkwood says horrible untrue things about Dr. Melling during every class” is
what kind of lie:
a. False positive
b. True negative
c. False negative
d. True positive
e. The true kind.
23.) Truth-telling to patients can have positive health outcomes, such as:
a. Better adherence to treatment
b. Higher satisfaction ratings
c. Reduced co-morbidity
d. Need less interventions
e. All of the above
24.) The statement “Abortion is murder and therefore morally wrong, no matter where it
occurs, no matter what other people say about it” is most likely an example of:
a. Realism
b. Anti-realism
c. Rule utilitarian
d. the “yuk” factor
e. all of the above
25.) The statement “Abortion is wrong and that’s all there is to it” is most likely an
example of: a. Realism
b. Anti-realism
c. Rule utilitarianism
d. Non-ethical reasoning
e. None of the above
26.) The “can-to-should” fallacy is fallacious because:
a. It assumes that because we can do something, that we should.
b. It assumes that because we can’t do something, that we should try anyway
c. It assumes that because we should do something, it implies we can.
d. It assumes that because we can’t do something, therefore it isn’t our moral
duty to do it
e. e. None of the above
27.) When we defined “moral facts” we said they had four (4) characteristics. Which of
the following IS NOT one of them:
a. We can know moral facts
b. We can speak meaningfully about them
c. We can reason using moral facts
d. We can dispel ethical realism with them
e. We can appeal to moral facts in resolving disagreements on ethical issues.
28.) Ethical non-naturalism is what:
a. A form of anti-realism
b. A form of realism
c. A form of subjectivism
d. A rejection of natural facts
 e. The answer to the riddle of Schrödinger's cat as posed by Sheldon on The Big
Bang Theory

29.) The value of ethical theory is that it provides ethical guidance. Which of the
following IS NOT one of those pieces of ethical guidance
a. Rational
b. Teleological
c. Clear
d. Defensible
e. Systematic
30.) When I mentioned to you that “ought implies can” did I mean:
a. If you should do something, you must be able to do it
b. If you can do something, then you should do it
c. Just because you can do something doesn’t make it ethical
d. If you can do something, that makes it morally appropriate
e. If something is allowable, you should do it
31.) The statement “This behaviour is morally wrong, but no matter what you tell
people, they’ll do whatever they want to anyway” is an example of:
a. Act utilitarianism
b. Anti-realism
c. Ethical egoism
d. Casuistry
e. None of the above
32.) What is one of the findings of the Darley-Batson Good Samaritan Experiment:
a. If you’re hurt, don’t count on a priest-in-training
b. The smallest selfish concern can change people’s willingness to behave
ethically
c. That people will always do what they want to
d. That people don’t respect non-naturalism as a moral fact
e. Being a Samaritan is morally impossible
33.) Glannon mentions that typically five (5) conditions must be met for a clinical trial to
be thought of as “ethical.” Which of the following IS NOT one of them:
a. positive risk-to-benefit ratio
b. broad representation within the research sample
c. confidentiality of all findings
d. confidentiality of subject data must be ensured
e. voluntary and informed consent
34.) To Emanuel, an inducement becomes “undue” when it meets certain criteria. Which
of the following IS NOT one of those:
a. Is coercive
b. Seems irresistible
c. Alters your decision-making
d. Encourages unusual risk-taking
e. An offer you can’t refuse

35.) According to the World Health Organization (as cited in your textbook), placebos
can be used ethically in clinical studies when:
a. They are the best available treatment
b. There is no clinically-proven treatment
 c. There are many generic-brand treatments
d. There are few specific treatments
e. None of the above

36.) Your textbook makes a deontological argument for not including children in
research studies, which is:
a. A reiteration of the practical imperative
b. An appeal to ethical non-naturalism
c. An appeal to Kant’s notion of honesty as a universal duty
d. An appeal to the greater good (aka J.S. Mill)
e. None of the above
37.) Equipoise is:
a. A really, really effective pain reliever commonly abused by ethicists
b. A position of uncertainty about the effectiveness of one treatment compared
to another
c. A position of certainty about the effectiveness of one treatment compared to
another
d. A position of indifference about the effectiveness of one treatment compared
to another
e. None of the above
38.) The Declaration of Helsinki (1964) articulated a difference between therapy and
research. The main difference being:
a. The aims of the intervention
b. The primary benefactor
c. One is purely scientific and the other is humanitarian
d. All of the above (a-c)
e. None of the above (a-d)
39.) In class, we discussed the difference between informed consent in research and in
healthcare.
a. The difference being in the issue of coercion
b. The difference being in the issue of inducement
c. The difference being in the right to healthcare and no right to be a research
subject
d. The difference being in the issue of autonomy and being a vulnerable
population
e. e. None of the above
40.) Glannon says that feminist ethics is a kind of extension of virtue ethics, how so?
a. Feminist ethics places a great emphasis on care expressed within
relationships
b. He thinks both ethical theories are totally bullshit
c. They both place a high value of teleological concerns
d. They both focus on individual pursuit of pushing the ethical boundaries
e. None of the above

You are finished (I mean that in a good way). Now, do the following:

1.) Bring your exam to the front and hand in both the answer sheet and question sheet.
 2.) Leave the hallway quietly out of respect of your classmates who are still writing and have a
great break!

Prepared by:

JANE G. ALMANZOR
Instructor