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भारतीय मानक IS 3370 (Part 2) : 2021

Indian Standard

जलीय तरल पदार्थों को प्रतिधारित करने के

लिए कंक्रीट सरं चनाएं — रीति सहं िता
भाग 2 सामान्य एवं प्रबलित कंक्रीट
( दसू रा पनु रीक्षण  )

Concrete Structures for Retaining

Aqueous Liquids — Code of Practice
Part 2 Plain and Reinforced Concrete
( Second Revision )

ICS 23.020.10; 91.010.30; 91.080.40

© BIS 2021

भारतीय मानक ब्रयू ो

B U R E A U O F I N D I A N S TA N D A R D S
मानक भवन, 9 बहादरु शाह ज़फर मार्ग, नई िदल्ली – 110002
MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
NEW DELHI-110002
         www.bis.gov.in  
www.standardsbis.in

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Cement and Concrete Sectional Committee, CED 02

FOREWORD
This Indian Standard (Part 2) (Second Revision) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after the draft
finalized by the Cement and Concrete Sectional Committee had been approved by the Civil Engineering Division
Council.
The design and construction methods in reinforced concrete and pre-stressed concrete structures for retaining
aqueous liquids are influenced by the prevailing construction practices, the physical properties of the materials
and the climatic condition. To lay down uniform requirements of structures for the retaining liquids giving due
consideration to the above mentioned factors, this standard has been published in four parts. The other parts in
the series are:
Part 1 General requirements
Part 3 Prestressed concrete
Part 4 Design tables
This standard was first published in 1965 and subsequently revised in 2009. The second revision has been
brought out with a view to keeping abreast with the rapid development in the field of construction technology
and concrete design and also to bring further modifications in the light of experience gained while applying the
earlier version of this standard. In this revision, the title of the standard has been modified from ‘Concrete
structures for storage of liquids — Code of practice: Part 2 Reinforced concrete structures’ to ‘Concrete structures
for retaining aqueous liquids — Code of practice: Part 2 Plain and reinforced concrete’ for better representation
of the contents of the revised standard.
While, the common methods of design and construction have been covered in this standard, for design of structures
of special forms or in unusual circumstances, special literature may be referred to or special systems of design
and construction may be permitted on production of satisfactory evidence regarding their adequacy and safety by
analysis or test or by both.
In this standard it has been assumed that the design of liquid retaining structures, whether of plain, reinforced or
pre-stressed concrete is entrusted to a qualified engineer and that the execution of the work is carried out under the
direction of a qualified and experienced engineer.
The concrete used in liquid retaining structures should have low permeability. This is important not only for
its direct effect on leakage but also because it is one of the main factors influencing durability, resistance to
leaching, chemical attack, erosion, abrasion, frost damage; and the protection from corrosion of embedded steel.
The standard, therefore, incorporates provisions in design and construction to take care of this aspect.
The requirements of IS 456 : 2000 ‘Plain and reinforced concrete — Code of practice (fourth revision)’ and
IS 1343 : 2012 ‘Prestressed concrete — Code of practice (second revision)’, in so far as they apply, shall be deemed
to form part of this standard except where otherwise laid down in this standard. For long term performance of
the structure, use of dense, nearly impermeable and durable concrete, adequate concrete cover without macro
defects in cover concrete, proper detailing practices, control of cracking, effective quality assurance measures in
line with IS 456 and good construction practices particularly in relation to construction joints should be ensured.
Designer should take appropriate measures to the need for chemical resistance while dealing with liquids or
sewage/effluents.
Following are the significant modifications incorporated in this revision:
a) Scope and provisions of the standard have been updated to reflect the applicability of the standard to
concrete structures retaining all aqueous liquids.
b) Design recommendations are generally applicable to the retaining of aqueous liquids having temperature
not exceeding 50 °C, and the same has been indicated.
c) Working stress method of design has been removed.
d) All the design provisions, as per limit state method, have been updated and made comprehensive.

(Continued to third cover)

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IS 3370 (Part 2) : 2021

Indian Standard
CONCRETE STRUCTURES FOR RETAINING AQUEOUS
LIQUIDS — CODE OF PRACTICE
PART 2 PLAIN AND REINFORCED CONCRETE
( Second Revision )

1 SCOPE IS No. Title

1.1 This standard (Part 2) lays down requirements 875 Code of practice for design
applicable specifically to design of plain and reinforced loads (other than earthquake) for
concrete structures, intended for storage or retaining of buildings and structures
aqueous liquids. A concrete structure or member can (Part 1) : 1987 Dead loads — Unit weights of
function as liquid retaining, when the amount of liquid building materials and stored
permeating through its thickness, under hydraulic materials (second revision)
gradient, is practically negligible.
(Part 2) : 1987 Imposed loads (second revision)
The recommendations are generally applicable to the
(Part 3) : 2015 Wind loads (third revision)
storage/retaining of aqueous liquids having temperature
not exceeding 50 °C and no detrimental action on (Part 4) : 1987 Snow loads (second revision)
concrete and steel or where sufficient precautions have (Part 5) : 1987 Special loads and combinations
been taken to ensure protection of concrete and steel (second revision)
from damage due to action of such liquids.
1343 : 2012 Prestressed concrete — Code of
1.2 This standard does not cover the requirements for practice (second revision)
concrete structures for storage/retaining of hot liquids, 1893 (Part 2) : Criteria for earthquake resistant
hazardous materials and liquids of low viscosity and 2014 design of structures: Part 2 Liquid
high penetrating power, such as petrol, diesel and retaining tanks (fifth revision)
oil. This standard also does not cover dams, pipes,
3370 Concrete structures for retaining
pipelines, tunnels and damp proofing of basements.
aqueous liquids — Code of practice
This standard does not cover all the requirements of
(Part 1) : 2021 General requirements
pressurised tanks, floating structures and tanks having
(second revision)
the additional requirement of gas tightness. The
selection and design of coatings and linings are not (Part 4) : 2021 Design tables (first revision)
covered in this standard.
3 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
2 REFERENCES Design and construction of reinforced concrete liquid
The following standards contain provisions, which retaining structures shall comply with the requirement
through reference in this text constitute provisions of of IS 3370 (Part 1) and IS 456 unless otherwise laid
this standard. At the time of publication, the editions down in this standard.
indicated were valid. All standards are subject to
4 DESIGN
revision and parties to agreements based on this
standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility 4.1 General
of applying the most recent editions of the standards
indicated below: Provisions shall be made for conditions of stresses that
may occur in accordance with principles of mechanics,
IS No. Title recognized methods of design and sound engineering
practice. In particular, adequate consideration shall be
456 : 2000 Plain and reinforced concrete — given to the effects of monolithic construction in the
Code of practice (fourth revision) assessment of axial force, bending moment and shear.

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IS 3370 (Part 2) : 2021

4.2 Loads 4.2.6 Earth Pressure (EP)

4.2.1 All structures required to retain liquids should be Allowance should be made for the effects of any
designed for both the full and empty conditions, and adverse earth pressures on the walls, according to
the assumptions regarding the arrangements of all types the compaction and/or surcharge of the soil and the
of loading should be, such as to cause the most critical condition of the structure during construction and in
effects. service.
They should be designed to withstand the loads For pressure on wall, the appropriate active earth
that they would be subjected to during their service pressure coefficient should be chosen considering the
life. Loads, such as dead load, imposed load, fact that in most cases the displacement (or deflection)
earthquake load, wind load, earth pressure, snow load possible are much smaller than that require to achieve
(where applicable) and liquid load should be active pressure state. Earth pressure coefficient should
considered in the design. Additionally, the loads during be in between the values at rest and at active state, but
constructions should also be considered during the shall not be less than 0.5 in any case.
design.
No relief should be given for beneficial soil pressure
4.2.2 Dead Load (DL) effects on the walls of liquid retaining structures in the
full condition. Relief in bending moments in wall due
Dead loads shall be calculated in accordance with
to simultaneous action of water pressure inside and that
IS 875 (Part 1). Earth covering and plants on the roof
due to earth pressure (only up to half the active pressure
may be taken as dead load. Due consideration should
be given in the design to the construction loads from of soil) from outside the wall may be made, provided
plant and heaped earth which may exceed the intended that,
design load. a) there is no risk of slip in the embankment or fear
Sometimes, a provision is made to erect a masonry of a reduction in the earth pressure arising from
wall on the liquid retaining structure. Such dead loads, shrinkage or future excavations or any other
which may or may not be present, are called provisional cause; and
dead loads (DLp) and need separate considerations. b) the earth pressure allowed by way of relief in is
the minimum which can be relied upon under the
4.2.3 Imposed Load (IL) most unfavourable conditions possible, including
Imposed loads (live loads), such as weights of fixed those under which the reservoir is to be tested for
equipment (installation, operation, and maintenance), water tightness.
material stored and normal live loads due to personnel
and other transient loadings shall be assumed in 4.2.7 Snow Load
accordance with IS 875 (Part 2). With equipment, Snow loads, where applicable, shall be assumed in
its allowance for impact or its action under dynamic accordance with IS 875 (Part 4).
conditions shall also be considered.
For example, heavy equipment, such as pump sets may 4.2.8 Liquid Load (FL)
be temporarily placed near the centre span of a floor It is the effect of mass or pressure of the liquid to be
during installation or maintenance, even though its considered in the design. It includes the dead storage,
final location may be elsewhere. Weights of concrete liquid pressure as well as the static and dynamic effect
bases for equipment may be included in the loads, and of liquid mass, wherever applicable.
consideration should be given to weights of piping,
Liquid load should account for the actual density of the
valves, and other equipment accessories that may be
liquid retained. Aqueous solutions or suspensions may
supported by the floor slab and beams. Alternately,
conservative value of uniform imposed loads may be have higher densities and the weight due to deposited
used in the design. silt, grit, accumulated sludge, lime, etc, should be taken
into account.
4.2.4 Earthquake Load (EL) In any combination, liquid load should be calculated at
Earthquake loads may induce large horizontal and zero, partial and full condition so as to achieve the most
overturning forces in the structures and shall be critical load combination. Each tank shall be designed
calculated in accordance with IS 1893 (Part 2). and also checked for tank empty condition. Free board
See also Table 1. of 150 to 300 mm may be considered. However,
higher freeboard may be required for large horizontal
4.2.5 Wind Load (WL)
tanks and the same shall be decided from hydraulic
Wind loads shall be assumed in accordance with considerations.
IS 875 (Part 3).
The maximum level of liquid considered in tank for
its basic operations is called full supply level (FSL) or
working top level (WTL) of liquid.

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IS 3370 (Part 2) : 2021

The quantity of liquid shall be assumed up to the 4.3 Method of Design

following levels, in the calculation of liquid load:
4.3.1 General basis of design shall be in line with the
a) Full Supply Level (FSL) Including Dead requirements of IS 456, except where stated otherwise
Storage — FSL shall be considered for limit state in this standard. Structural elements that are not exposed
of serviceability. However, in load combinations to retained liquid shall be designed in accordance with
having wind and/or earthquake loads, liquid load the requirements of IS 456 and IS 1343, as applicable.
shall be considered up to FSL only, in case of
limit state of collapse as well. 4.3.2 While designing the liquid retaining concrete
b) Level Under Maximum Overflow Rate or structure, plastic redistribution of moments as per
Maximum Top Level (MTL) — MTL shall be IS 456 shall not apply. For design of flat slab, estimate
of bending moments as per direct design method of
considered for limit state of collapse.
IS 456 shall not apply. Bending moments and stresses
4.2.8.1 The internal pressure of liquid shall be assumed shall be worked out based on the coefficients given in
to act at the centre of thickness of the retaining circular IS 3370 (Part 4).
wall in contact with the liquid, unless impermeable
4.3.3 Additional provisions for design of floors, walls
lining is applied. The external pressure of liquid shall
and roof shall be as given in 5, 6 and 7, respectively.
be assumed to act at outer surface of structure.
4.4 Limit State Design
4.2.9 Loading effects due to temperature occurs when
thermal expansion of a roof forces the walls of an 4.4.1 Limit State Requirements
empty structure into the surrounding backfill causing All relevant limit states shall be considered in the
passive soil pressure. This effect may be reduced design to ensure an adequate degree of safety and
by providing a sliding joint between the top of the serviceability.
wall and under side of the roof which may be either
a temporary free sliding joint that is not cast into a 4.4.1.1 Limit state of collapse (ultimate limit state,
fixed or pinned connection, or a permanently sliding ULS)
joint of assessed limiting friction. Movement of a roof The recommendations given in IS 456 shall be
may occur also where there is substantial variation in followed.
the temperature of the contained liquid. Where a roof
rigidly connected to a wall this may lead to additional 4.4.1.2 Limit states of serviceability (SLS)
loading in the wall that should be considered in a) Deflection — The limits of deflection shall be as
the design. Structures above the ground are more per IS 456.
vulnerable to stresses resulting from temperature b) Cracking — The maximum calculated crack
variations than those below ground. width due to direct tension, flexure, restrained
4.2.10 A structure subject to groundwater (or uplift) temperature and moisture effects shall not
pressures should be designed to resist floatation, exceed 0.2 mm with specified cover. For
aesthetics, aggressive conditions, or more severe
especially when it is empty. Design of each member
exposures, owner may specify or designer may
shall also account the pressure due to groundwater
choose limiting crack width lower than 0.2 mm
in suitable critical load combinations [see 8.2 (c) of
(see 4.4.3).
IS 3370 (Part 1)].
4.4.1.3 Partial safety factors
4.2.11 The concrete, on drying loses moisture and
contracts in size. This contraction (drying shrinkage), a) For loads (γf) — The values given in Table 1
if restrained, produces tensile stresses that may exceed should be used.
the tensile strength of concrete and cause cracking. b) For materials (γm) — The values should be taken
as 1.5 for concrete and 1.15 for steel.
4.2.12 The junctions between various members
(between wall and floor) intended to be constructed 4.4.1.4 Load combinations
as rigid should be designed accordingly and effect of The various load combinations given in Table 1 shall
continuity should be accounted in design and detailing be used. Any additional load combination, if required,
of each member. may be chosen by the designer.

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IS 3370 (Part 2) : 2021

Table 1 Load Combinations and Partial Safety Factors, γf for Loads

[ Clauses 4.2.4, 4.4.1.3 (a) and 4.4.1.4 ]
Load Case Limit State of Collapse Limit State of Serviceability

DL IL EP FL WL/EL (see Note 1) DL IL EP FL WL/EL (see Note 1)

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11)
1 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 – 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 –
2 1.2 – 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.0 – 0.7 1.0 0.3
3 0.9 – 1.0 1.0 1.4
4 1.4 – 1.0 – 1.4
5 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2
NOTES
1 Wind and earthquake loads should be considered one at a time and not simultaneously.
2 For any load combination, the partial safety factor for liquid load (FL) may be further reduced if it is expected to give more
critical design action at a section of a member. Liquid load may vary from zero (tank empty) to 1.5 in a combination. Same holds
true for earth pressure in load combinations.
3 Earthquake base shear shall be worked out for a load combination 1 DL + 1 FL + 1 ILs + 0.7 ILp, where ILs is the
imposed load due to storage and ILp is the provisional imposed load such as equipment load. The earthquake base shear
(or force action), as determined, shall be multiplied by the load factor as given in Table 1, for further combination with other
loads.

4.4.2 Basis of Design reinforcement may be adopted and accordingly

Design and detailing of reinforced concrete shall be designed to meet the shear requirement.
as specified in IS 456 except where stated otherwise. 4.4.3 Crack Widths
Additionally, the following shall apply:
Crack widths due to the temperature and moisture
a) Shear strength of a member subjected to design effects shall be calculated as given in Annex A for
direct tension in combination with bending immature concrete and Annex B for mature concrete.
moment — The design shear strength of concrete
given in Table 19 of IS 456 shall be multiplied by 4.4.3.1 A reinforced concrete member subjected to
the following factor: direct tension and flexural tension may be deemed to be
satisfactory in the absence of crack width calculations,
Pu if stresses in steel reinforcement under limit state
δ=1–8×
( Ag f ck ) of serviceability does not exceed the values given in
where Table 2.
Pu = design direct tension, N; and For walls and slabs, the crack width requirement of
Ag= gross cross-sectional area of concrete, 0.2 mm may be deemed to be satisfactory, in the absence
mm2 of crack-width calculations, if for given reinforcement
For member subject to direct tension, the critical bar, the diameter, bar spacing and stress in high
section for shear force should be taken at face strength deformed steel reinforcement under limit state
of support and not at a distance d from face of of serviceability does not exceed the values given in
support (22.6.2.1 and 40.5 of IS 456 shall not Table 3.
apply). If shear force exceeds the shear resistance Table 2 Maximum Tensile Stresses in Steel
of concrete, stirrups shall be designed to take shear Reinforcement (SLS)
and spacing of such stirrups shall not be more than
( Clause 4.4.3.1 )
half the effective depth of member, but not less
than 75 mm. Sl. Limiting 14444 42
Maximum 4444
Stresses 43
(N/mm²)
b) Shear strength of a member at the construction No. Crack
Plain Round Mild High Strength
Width (mm)
joint reduces in comparison to that at any section Steel Bars Deformed Bars
on the monolithic concrete and depends largely on (1) (2) (3) (4)
interface roughness and cleanliness of the surface i) 0.1 85 100
at the time of placing second phase concrete.
ii) 0.2 115 130
c) Where there is need for higher shear resistance,
combination of shear key, dowels and diagonal

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IS 3370 (Part 2) : 2021

Table 3 Maximum Tensile Stress in Steel of at least 50 mm should be available. Generally,

Reinforcement for Crack Control in special measures like application of liners or
Walls and Slabs (SLS) prestress will be required to ensure this class of
( Clause 4.4.3.1 ) water-tightness.

Sl. No Diameter Centre-to-centre Maximum 4.4.3.4 The limiting crack width values as given
of Steel Spacing of Stress, Max in 4.4.3.3 may be exceeded by 0.05 mm, if H/t ratio is
Reinforcement Reinforcement, (N/mm²) 20 or less. However, the limiting crack width shall not
(mm) Max (mm) exceed 0.2 mm, in any case.
(1) (2) (3) (4)
4.4.3.5 The crack width at construction joint may be
i) 10 or 12 75 155
assumed to be 0.05 mm more than the crack width
ii) 12 or 16 100 150 estimated for monolithic construction.
iii) 16 or 20 125 148
4.4.3.6 The crack width enhances due to shear in
iv) 20 or 25 150 145 absence of shear reinforcement in slabs and the same
v) 20 or 25 175 142 shall be checked against additional equivalent moment
vi) 25 or 28 200 140 due to shear, Mes given by SF × D/3, where D is overall
depth of slab at the section considered.
vii) 32 200 135
4.5 Stresses Due to Moisture or Temperature
4.4.3.2 The liquid retaining structures may be classified Changes
in relation to the degree of protection against leakage
required as given in Table 4. It should be noted that all 4.5.1 No separate calculation is required for stresses
concrete will permit the passage of small quantities of due to moisture or temperature change in the concrete
liquids and gasses by diffusion. provided that:
a) The reinforcement provided is not less than that
Table 4 Classification of Tightness
specified in 8.
( Clause 4.4.3.2 ) b) With regard to the provision of movement joints,
Sl. No. Tightness Class Requirements for Leakage the design comply with either of the following:
(1) (2) (3) 1) Option 1 in Table 2 of IS 3370 (Part 1).
i) 1 Leakage to be limited to a small 2) Option 2 or option 3 in Table 2 of
amount. Some surface staining or IS 3370 (Part 1) and a suitable sliding layer
damp patches acceptable beneath the tank given therein.
ii) 2 Leakage to be minimal. Appearance
not to be impaired by staining 4.5.2 Where reservoirs are protected with an internal
iii) 3 No leakage permitted. Special
impermeable lining, consideration should be given
measures such as Prestressing or to the possibility of concrete eventually, drying
liner required. out. Unless it is established on the basis of tests or
experience that the lining has adequate crack bridging
4.4.3.3 Limiting crack width should be chosen properties, allowance for the increased effect of drying
depending on the classification of the particular shrinkage should be made in the design.
element under consideration and the required function
of the whole structure. The following guidelines may 5 FLOORS
be adopted, in absence of more specific requirements:
5.1 Provisions of Movement Joints
a) Tightness Class 1 — Limiting crack width for
cracks expected to pass through the full thickness Movement joints shall be provided in accordance with
of the section ( that is, no compression block) be IS 3370 (Part 1).
limited to 0.2 mm.
5.2 Floors of Tanks Resting on Ground
b) Tightness Class 2 — Limiting crack width shall
be 0.2 mm and cracks expected to pass through The floors of tanks resting on ground shall be in
the full thickness of the section are avoided unless accordance with IS 3370 (Part 1). When the bottom of
appropriate measures such as liners or water bars the tank is below the water table, the loading on the slab
have been incorporated. Alternatively, limiting from hydrostatic pressure should be considered in the
crack width shall be 0.1 mm. design. If the upward pressure exceeds the dead load of
the tank floor, there may be a danger of heaving unless
c) Tightness Class 3 — Limiting crack width shall be the floor is designed and constructed as a structural slab
0.1 mm. Cracks should not pass through the full with loading directed upward rather than downward.
thickness of the section and a compression zone

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5.3 Floors of Tanks Resting on Supports a) In plane walls, the liquid pressure is resisted by
If the tank is supported on walls or other similar both vertical and horizontal bending moments. An
supports, the floor slab shall be designed for bending estimate of the bending moments in the vertical
moments due to water load and self-weight. The worst and horizontal planes should be made. The
conditions of liquid load may be other than those given horizontal tension caused by the direct pull due to
in 22.4.1 of IS 456, since, liquid level extends over water pressure on end walls should be added to
all spans in normal construction. However, in case of that resulting from horizontal bending moment.
multi-cell tanks, these will have to be determined by b) Vertical junctions and all other junctions of wall
the designer for each particular case. and any other member shall be analysed and
designed for force actions due to continuity, even
5.3.1 When the floor is rigidly connected to the walls if the wall panel is designed primarily spanning
(as is generally the case), the bending moments at the in direction parallel to the line of junction (that
junction between the walls and floor shall be taken into is, wall vertically spanning). At the junction,
account in the design of floor together with any direct reinforcement shall be designed for continuity
forces transferred to the floor from the walls or from the effect.
floor to the wall due to the suspension of the floor from
In the case of rectangular or polygonal tanks, the
the wall (see 8.3).
side walls act as two way panel, whereby the wall is
6 WALLS continued or restrained in the horizontal direction, fixed
or hinged at the bottom and hinged or free at the top.
6.1 Provision of Joints The walls thus act as thin plates subject to triangular
loading and with boundary conditions varying between
6.1.1 Sliding Joints at the Base of the Wall full restraint and free edge. The analysis of moment
Where it is desired to allow the walls to expand and forces may be made on the basis of any recognized
or contract separately from the floor, or to prevent method, such as finite element method. The moment
moments at the base of the wall owing to fixity to the coefficients, for some common boundary conditions of
floor, sliding joints may be provided. wall panels are given in IS 3370 (Part 4) for general
guidance.
6.1.1.1 Constructions affecting the spacing of vertical
movement joints are discussed in IS 3370 (Part 1). 6.4 Walls of Cylindrical Tanks
While the majority of these joints may be of the partial While designing walls of cylindrical tanks, the
or complete contraction type, sufficient expansion following should be considered:
joints should be provided to satisfy the requirements of a) Wall thickness should be designed, such as to keep
IS 3370 (Part 1). concrete from cracking and the steel ring carry all
6.1.1.2 Structure may be provided as a continuous the tension.
one without movement or partial movement joints. b) Walls of cylindrical tanks are either cast
If movement joints are provided, it is recommended monolithically with the base or are set in grooves
that partial or induced contraction joint should not be and keyways (movement joints). In either case,
placed more than 10 m spacing from a movement joint. deformation of the wall under the influence of
Full contraction joint shall not be placed at more than liquid pressure is restricted at the base.
30 m spacing, and may have partial joints in between. c) Unless the extent of fixity at the base is
established by analysis with due consideration
6.2 Pressure on Walls
to the dimensions of the base slab, the type of
6.2.1 In liquid retaining structures with fixed or floating joint between the wall and slab and the type of
covers, the gas pressure developed above liquid surface soil supporting the base slab, the wall should
shall be added to the liquid pressure. be assumed to be fully fixed at the base for the
purpose of estimating moment at base of wall. For
6.2.2 When the wall of liquid retaining structure is built moments at mid span of wall, condition of partial
in ground or has earth embanked against it, the effect of fixity at base should be considered. In the absence
earth pressure shall be taken into account as discussed of detailed analysis involving stiffness of floor
in IS 3370 (Part 1). slab and foundation, for partial fixity, average of
the two conditions (namely, fixed and hinged)
6.3 Walls of Tanks Rectangular or Polygonal in Plan
may be taken.
While designing the walls of rectangular or polygonal Coefficient for ring (hoop) tension and vertical moments
concrete tanks, the following points should be taken for different conditions of the walls for some common
care of: cases are given in IS 3370 (Part 4).

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7 ROOFS 8 DETAILING

7.1 Provision of Movement Joints 8.1 Minimum Reinforcement

To avoid the possibility of sympathetic cracking, it is 8.1.1 The minimum reinforcement in walls, floors and
important to ensure that movement joints in the roof roofs in each of two directions at right angles, within
correspond with those in walls, if roof and walls are each surface zone shall not be less than percentage
monolithic. If, however, provision is made by means of specified in Table 5. The percentage applies to surface
a sliding joint for movement between the roof and the zones, as shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.
wall, correspondence of joints is not necessary.
Table 5 Minimum Percentage of Reinforcement
7.2 Loading ( Clause 8.1.1 )
Roofs should be designed for the following load
Sl Grade of Elevated Tank Ground
conditions: No. Reinforcement with Lengthsupported Tank
a) Gravity loads, such as the weight of roof slab, (see Note 1) with Length
earth cover, live loads and mechanical equipment, (see4Note
1444442444443 14444 244441) 43
if any. Live load should be arranged so as to give ≤ 14 m ≥ 28 m ≤ 14 m ≥ 22 m
the most critical bending moment. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
b) Upward pressure, if the tank is subjected to i) Fe 250 0.44 0.66 0.40 0.60
internal pressure or if roof is subjected to upward Percent Percent Percent Percent
pressure due to sloshing of liquid. ii) Fe 415 or 0.28 0.42 0.24 0.36
Fe 500 Percent Percent Percent Percent
c) Safety in case of the unequal intensity of loading, NOTES
which may occur during construction and the
1 Length is the horizontal length of continuous reinforced
placing of the earth cover. concrete members in between full movement joints (if provided)
d) Temporary condition of some spans loaded and or end of structure along the direction of main reinforcement. For
other spans unloaded, even though in the final state significantly long lengths (> 30 m) higher percent of steel may be
the load may be small and/or evenly distributed. required.
2 For lengths between 14 m and 28 m for elevated tanks, and
7.3 Liquid-Tightness between 14 m and 22 m for ground supported tanks, minimum
percentage of reinforcement required shall be linearly interpolated.
In case of tanks intended for retaining water for
drinking/domestic purposes or treated water, the roof
8.1.2 In walls having thickness less than 160 mm or slabs
should be made liquid-tight. This may be achieved having thickness less than 180 mm, the entire minimum
by designing the roof as water retaining member and reinforcement may be placed in one face.
providing slopes to ensure adequate drainage.
For ground slabs having thickness less than 300 mm
7.4 Protection Against Corrosion (see Fig. 2), the calculated reinforcement should be
Protective measures shall be taken at the underside of placed wholly in top surface with cover not exceeding
the roof to prevent it from corrosion due to condensation 50 mm. For ground slabs having thickness more than
300 mm, the reinforcement required shall be calculated
and chlorine attack. It shall also be designed as a
separately for top and surface zone as per Annex A and
liquid retaining member, complying with stipulations
shall be placed accordingly with cover not exceeding
regarding minimum cover and crack width.
50 mm.

D D

D D

NOTES
1 For D < 500 mm, assume each reinforcement face controls D/2 depth of concrete.
2 For D > 500 mm, assume each reinforcement face controls 250 mm depth of concrete, ignoring any central core beyond this surface depth.
FIG.1 SURFACE
FIG.1 SURFACE
ZONES ZONES
: WALLS
: WALLS
AND SUSPENDED
AND SUSPENDED SLABSSLABS
Fig. 1 Surface Zones: Walls and Suspended Slabs
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D/2
D UNDER
300mm

NO BOTTOM
REINFORCEMENT

D/2
D = 300 mm
TO 500mm

100 mm

250 mm

D OVER
500mm

100 mm

FIG. 2 SURFACE ZONES : GROUND SLABS

Fig. 2 Surface Zones: Ground Slabs

8.2 Size of Bars, Distance between Bars, Laps and 8.2.3 Bar spacing shall not exceed 300 mm or the
Bends thickness of the section, whichever is less.
8.2.1 Size of bars, distance between bars, laps and bends 8.3 Junction of Members
in bars, and fixing of bars shall be in accordance with Where any two members such as wall and slab, are
IS 456. Spacing of bars should be small as possible, connected monolithically at a right angled junction and
without causing congestion of steel and difficulty in subjected to moments, shears and axial force which
placing and vibrating concrete. tend to open it (that is, the inner faces of the plates
8.2.2 Laps in the horizontal bars of wall or longitudinal are in tension at the corner), proper detailing of the
bars of beam which can have single concrete pour reinforcement shall be ensured to cater for the diagonal
of 300 mm or more below the bar, shall be provided tension forces. Detailing should be as shown in
1.4 times the calculated lap length. In members Fig. 3 or alternately, the junction may be designed by
subjected to axial tension or hoop, the bars in direct an appropriate strut and tie model.
tension shall be provided with lap double that of
calculated lap length.

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M
TENSION AT INNER CORNER ONLY
MAIN BAR IN TENSION SHOWN
c
t

M
c
FILLET BAR IN
FILLET DESIRABLE

Ast
0.4 Ast

M
d = EFF. DEPTH

Ld
d/2

FIG. 3 DETAIL AT THE RIGHT ANGLED JUNCTION

Fig. 3 Detailing at the Right Angled Junction

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ANNEX A
( Clauses 4.4.3 and 8.1.2 )

CRACK WIDTH DUE TO TEMPERATURE AND MOISTURE IN IMMATURE CONCRETE

A-1 CALCULATION OF MINIMUM A-1.4 Crack Spacing

REINFORCEMENT CRACK SPACING When sufficient reinforcement is provided to distribute
AND CRACK WIDTHS IN RELATION TO cracking, the maximum spacing of crack SMax shall be
MOISTURE EFFECTS IN THIN SECTIONS given by the formula:
A-1.1 The design procedures given in A-1.2 to A-1.3
f ct φ
and A-2 are appropriate for long continuous wall or S Max = ×       ……(2)
floor slabs of thin cross-section. A-3 considers thick fb 2ρ
sections. where
A-1.2 Minimum Reinforcement fct/fb = ratio of the tensile strength of the concrete (fct)
The minimum reinforcement, required to distribute the to average bond strength (fb) between concrete
cracking in a surface zone for each direction, shall be and steel,
given by the following formula: ø = diameter of each reinforcement bar, and
ρ = steel ratio, as defined under A-1.2
f ct (see Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 )
  ρcrit = 0.75  ...(1)
fy For immature concrete, the value of fct/fb may be taken as
unity for plain round bars and 2/3 for deformed bars. The
where above formula may be expressed for design purposes as:
ρcrit = critical steel ratio, the minimum ratio of area f ct 2bD '      …(3)
nb φ ≥ ×
of steel reinforcement to that of the surface f b π S Max
zone (bDst or bDsb, as applicable, see Table 6
and Fig. 2); where
fct = direct tensile strength of the immature nb = number of bars in width of section,
concrete, which may be taken as given in b = width of section,
Table 7, in absence of experimental results; D’ = Dst or Dsb, as applicable (see Table 5), and
fy = the characteristic strength of the reinforcement. SMax = obtained from WMax.
Table 6 Top and Bottom Depths of Surface Zone The width of a fully developed crack due to drying
( Clause A-1.2 ) shrinkage and the ‘heat of hydration’ contraction in
lightly-reinforced restrained walls and slabs may be
Sl Depth of Ground Top Depth, Dst Bottom Depth, obtained from:
No. Slab, D Dsb
(1) (2) (3) (4) WMax = SMax ε       …(4)
i) less than 300 mm D/2 NIL where
ii) 300 to 500 mm D/2 100 mm     ε = [εcs + εte – (100 × 10 –6)]
iii) more than 500 mm 250 mm 100 mm WMax = estimated maximum crack width,
Table 7 Direct Tensile Strength of Immature SMax = estimated likely maximum crack spacing,
Concrete εcs = estimated shrinkage strain, and temperature
( Clause A-1.2 ) due to heat of hydration.
εte = estimated total thermal contraction after
Concrete M25 M30 M35 M40 M45 M50 M55 peak, and temperature due to heat of
Grade
hydration.
fct , N/mm² 1.15 1.30 1.45 1.60 1.70 1.80 1.90
A-2 CALCULATION OF MINIMUM
A-1.3 Cracks can be controlled by choosing the spacing REINFORCEMENT CRACK SPACING
of movement joint and the amount of reinforcement. AND CRACK WIDTHS IN RELATION
The three main options are summarized in Table 2 of TO TEMPERATURE EFFECTS IN THIN
IS 3370 (Part 1). SECTIONS

A-2.1 For immature concrete, the effective coefficient

of thermal contraction may be taken as one half of the

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value for mature concrete (due to the high creep strain tends to be much more uniform and less susceptible to
in immature concrete). stress raisers, since a considerable shear resistance can
be developed along the entire length of the construction
A-2.2 For walls exposed to normal climatic conditions, joint.
the shrinkage strain less the associated creep strain is
generally less than the ultimate concrete tensile strain Although precise data is not available for these
of about 100 × 10– 6 unless high shrinkage aggregates effects, a reasonable estimate may be assumed that
are used. Hence, the value of Wmax for cooling to the combined effect of these factors is to reduce the
ambient from the peak hydration temperature may be estimated contraction by half. Hence the value of WMax
assumed to be: when taking an additional seasonal temperature fall
into account is given by:
α α
WMax = S Max × × (T1 + T2 )    ....(6)
WMax = S Max × × T1     ….(5)
2 2

where When movement joints are provided at a

centre-to-centre spacing of not more than 15 m, the
α = coefficient of thermal expansion of mature subsequent temperature fall, T2 , need not be considered.
concrete, and
T1 = fall in temperature between the hydration peak A-3 THICK SECTIONS
and ambient.
For ‘thick’ sections, major causes of cracking are the
The value of T1 depends on the temperature of differences which develop between the surface zones
concreting, cement content, thickness of the and the core of the section. The thickness of concrete
member and material for shutters. As guideline, it which can be considered to be within the ‘surface zone’
is recommended to use T1 = 30 °C for concreting in is not exact. However, site observations have indicated
summer and 20 °C for concreting during winter, when that the zone thickness for D > 500 mm in Fig. 1 and
steel shutters are used. For other conditions, the value Fig. 2 are appropriate for thick sections, and the
of T1 may be appropriately increased. procedure for calculating thermal crack control
reinforcement in thick sections is same as that for thin
A-2.3 In addition to the temperature fall T1, there can
sections.
be a further fall in temperature, T2 due to seasonal
variations. The consequent thermal contractions occur The maximum temperature rise due to heat of hydration
in the mature concrete for which the factors controlling to be considered should be the average value for the
cracking behaviour are substantially modified. The entire width of section. The temperature rise to be
ratio of the tensile strength of concrete to bond strength,  considered for the core should be at least 10 °C higher
fct/fb, is appreciably lower for mature concrete. In than the value which would be assumed for the entire
addition, the restraint along the base of the member section.

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ANNEX B
( Clause 4.4.3 )
CRACK WIDTHS IN MATURE CONCRETE

B-1 ASSESSMENT OF CRACK WIDTHS IN For a limiting design surface crack width of 0.2 mm:
FLEXURE bt ( D − x) (a '− x)
ε2 =
Provided that the strain in the tension reinforcement 3Es As (d − x)
is limited to 0.6 fy/Es and the stress in the concrete is      … (8)
limited to 0.4 fck , the design surface crack width should For a limiting design surface crack width of 0.1 mm:
not exceed the appropriate value given in 4.4.3.2 and
may be calculated as follows: 1.5 bt ( D − x) (a '− x)
ε2 =
3 acr ε m 3Es As (d − x)       … (9)
      …. (7)
w=
2 (acr − CMin )
1+ where
D−x
ε1 = strain at the level considered,
where ε2 = strain due to the stiffening effect of concrete
w = design surface crack width, between cracks,
acr = distance from the point considered to the bt = width of section at the centroid of the tension
surface of the nearest longitudinal bar, steel,
εm = average strain at the level where the cracking D = overall depth of the member,
is being considered. To be calculated in x = depth of the neutral axis,
accordance with B-2,
Es = modulus of elasticity of reinforcement,
CMin = minimum cover to the tension steel,
As = area of tension reinforcement,
D = overall depth of the members, and
d = effective depth, and
x = depth of neutral axis.
a' = distance from the compression face to the point
B-2 AVERAGE STRAIN IN FLEXURE at which the crack width is being calculated.
The stiffening effect factors apply only for the crack
The average strain at the level where cracking is being
widths stated and should not be interpolated or
considered, is assessed by calculating the apparent
extrapolated. ε2 calculated from equation (8) or (9) shall
strain using characteristic loads and normal elastic
be multiplied by 1.0 for uncoated deformed bars; 0.8
theory. Where flexure is predominant but some tension
for fusion bonded epoxy coated deformed bars; 0.625
exists at the section, the depth of the neutral axis should
for uncoated plain bars, and 0.5 for coated plain bars.
be adjusted. The calculated apparent strain, ε1 is then
adjusted to take into account the stiffening effect of the B-4 ASSESSMENT OF CRACK WIDTHS IN
concrete between cracks ε2. The value of the stiffening DIRECT TENSION
effect may be assessed from B-3, and:
εm = ε1 – ε2 Provided that the strain in the reinforcement is limited
to 0.5 fy/Es, the design crack width should not exceed
where the appropriate value given in 4.4.3.2 and may be
εm = average strain at the level where cracking is calculated from the following expression:
being considered, w = 3 acr εm         … (10)
ε1 = strain at the level considered, and where εm is assessed in accordance with B-5.
ε2 = strain due to stiffening effect of concrete
between cracks. B-5 AVERAGE STRAIN IN DIRECT TENSION

B-3 STIFFENING EFFECT OF CONCRETE IN The average strain is assessed by calculating the
FLEXURE apparent strain using characteristic loads and normal
elastic theory. The calculated apparent strain is then
The stiffening effect of the concrete may be assessed adjusted to take into account the stiffening effect of the
by deducting from the apparent strain, a value obtained concrete between cracks. The value of the stiffening
from the following expressions for deformed bars. effect may be assessed from B-6.

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B-6 STIFFENING EFFECT OF CONCRETE IN where

DIRECT TENSION ε2 = strain due to stiffening effect,
The stiffening effect of the concrete may be assessed bt = width of the section at the centroid of the
by deducting from the apparent strain a value obtained tension steel,
from the following expressions: D = overall depth of the member,
For a limiting design surface crack width of 0.2 mm: Es = modulus of elasticity of reinforcement, and
2bt D As = area of tension reinforcement.
ε2 =
3Es As The stiffening effect factors apply only for the crack
       … (11)
widths stated and should not be interpolated or
For a limiting design surface crack width of 0.1 mm: extrapolated. ε2 calculated from equation (11) or (12)
shall be multiplied by 1.0 for uncoated deformed bars;
ε2 = bt D 0.8 for fusion bonded epoxy coated deformed bars;
Es As
       … (12) 0.625 for uncoated plain bars, and 0.5 for coated plain
bars.

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ANNEX C
( Foreword )
COMMITTEE COMPOSITION
Cement and Concrete Sectional Committee, CED 02
Organization Representative(s)
In Personal Capacity (Grace Villa, Kadamankulam P.O., Shri Jose Kurian (Chairman)
Thiruvalla 689 583)
ACC Ltd, Mumbai Shri Rajesh J. Modi
Dr Manish V. Karandikar (Alternate)
Ambuja Cements Limited, Ahmedabad Shri UMESH P. SONI
Shri SUKURU RAMARAO (Alternate)
Atomic Energy Regulatory Board, Mumbai Shri L. R. Bishnoi
Shri Sourav Acharya (Alternate)
Builders’ Association of India, Mumbai Shri Sushanta Kumar Basu
Shri D. R. Sekor (Alternate)
Building Materials & Technology Promotion Council, Shri C. N. Jha
New Delhi
Cement Manufacturers’ Association, Noida Dr V. Ramachandra
Ms Shashwati Ghosh
Central Public Works Department, New Delhi Shri D. K. Garg
Shri Naveen Kumar Bansal (Alternate)
Central Soil and Materials Research Station, New Delhi Director
Shri U. S. Vidyarthi (Alternate)
Central Water Commission, New Delhi Director (CMDD) (N&W)
Deputy Director (CMDD) (NW&S) (Alternate)
Conmat Technolgies Pvt Ltd, Kolkata Dr A. K. Chatterjee
Dr Subrato Chowdhury (Alternate)
Construction Chemical Manufacturers’ Association, Shri Samir Surlaker
Mumbai Shri Nilotpol Kar (Alternate)
CSIR ‒ Central Building Research Institute, Roorkee Shri S. K. Singh
Shri Subhash Gurram (Alternate)
CSIR ‒ Central Road Research Institute, New Delhi Dr Rakesh Kumar
Dr V. V. L. Kanta Rao (Alternate)
CSIR ‒ Structural Engineering Research Centre, Dr K. Ramanjaneyulu
Chennai Dr P. Srinivasan (Alternate)
Delhi Development Authority, New Delhi Shri Laxman Singh
Shri Vijay Shankar (Alternate)
Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Shri S. S. Kohli
Science and Technology, New Delhi
Engineers India Limited, New Delhi Shri Rajanji Srivastava
Shri Anurag Sinha (Alternate)
Gammon India Limited, Mumbai Shri Shriram B. Kulkarni
Shri Rahul Biradar (Alternate)
Hindustan Construction Company Limited, Mumbai Shri Satish Kumar Sharma
Shri MUKESH VALECHA (Alternate)

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Organization Representative(s)
Housing and Urban Development Corporation Limited, Representative
New Delhi
Indian Association of Structural Engineers, New Delhi Shri Mahesh Tandon
Shri Ganesh Juneja (Alternate)
Indian Concrete Institute, Chennai Shri Vivek Naik
Secretary General (Alternate)
Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi Dr Shashank Bishnoi
Dr Dipti Ranjan Sahoo (Alternate)
Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai Dr Devdas Menon
Dr Manu Santhanam (Alternate)
Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee Dr V. K. Gupta
Dr Bhupinder Singh (Alternate)
Indian Roads Congress, New Delhi Shri S. K. Nirmal
Shri R. V. Patil (Alternate)
Military Engineer Services, Engineer-in-Chief’s Maj Gen S. K. Srivastav
Branch, Army HQ, New Delhi Shri Man Singh (Alternate)
Ministry of Road Transport and Highways, New Delhi Shri Y. Balakrishna
Shri Sanjeev Kumar (Alternate)
National Council for Cement and Building Materials, Shri V. V. Arora
Ballabgarh Dr S. K. Chaturvedi (Alternate)
National Test House, Kolkata Shri D. V. S. Prasad
Dr Somit Neogi (Alternate)
Nuclear Power Corporation of India Ltd, Mumbai Shri Arvind Shrivastava
Shri Raghupati Roy (Alternate)
Nuvoco Vistas Corporation Limited, Mumbai Shri Pranav Desai
Shri Ravindra Khamparia (Alternate)
Public Works Department, Govt of Tamil Nadu, Superintending Engineer
Chennai Executive Engineer (Alternate)
The India Cements Limited, Chennai Representative
The Indian Hume Pipe Company Limited, Mumbai Shri P. R. Bhat
Shri S. J. Shah (Alternate)
The Institution of Engineers (India), Kolkata Dr H. C. Visvesvaraya
Shri S. H. Jain (Alternate)
The Ramco Cements Limited, Chennai Shri Balaji K. Moorthy
Shri Anil Kumar Pillai (Alternate)
Ultra Tech Cement Ltd, Mumbai Shri Surya Valluri
Dr M. R. Kalgal (Alternate)
Voluntary Organization in Interest of Consumer Shri M. A. U. Khan
Education, New Delhi Shri B. Mukhopadhyay (Alternate)
In personal capacity [B-803, Oberoi Exquisite, Oberoi Shri A. K. Jain
Garden City, Goregaon (East), Mumbai]

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Organization Representative(s)
In personal capacity (36, Old Sneh Nagar, Wardha Shri L. K. Jain
Road, Nagpur)
In personal capacity (EA-92, Maya Enclave, Hari Shri R. C. Wason
Nagar, New Delhi)
BIS Directorate General Shri Sanjay Pant, Scientist ‘F’ and Head ( Civil Engineering )
[ Representing Director General ( Ex-officio ) ]

Member Secretary
Shri S. Arun Kumar
Scientist ‘E’ ( Civil Engineering ), BIS

and
Shri Milind Gupta
Scientist ‘C’ ( Civil Engineering ), BIS

Concrete Subcommittee, CED 2:2

Organization Representative(s)
In personal capacity (Grace Villa, Kadamankulam P.O., Shri Jose Kurian (Convener)
Thiruvalla 689 583)
ACC Limited, Mumbai Shri Prahlad Mujumdar
Shri Anil Kulkarni (Alternate)
Ambuja Cement Limited, Ahmedabad Shri Umesh P. Soni
Shri Sukuru Ramarao (Alternate)
AFCONS Infrastructure Limited, Mumbai Shri Manish Mokal
Association of Consulting Civil Engineers (India), Shri Avinash D. Shirode
Bengaluru Shri K. K. Meghashyam (Alternate)
Atomic Energy Regulatory Board, Mumbai Shri L. R. Bishnoi
Shri Sourav Acharya (Alternate)
Building Materials and Technology Promotion Council, Shri Pankaj Gupta
New Delhi
Bureau of Design for Hydel and Irrigation Project, Shri S. K. Khare
Bhopal Shri Bhagwati Prasad Gupta (Alternate)
Bureau Veritas India Ltd, Mumbai Representative
Central Public Works Department, New Delhi Shri D. K. Garg
Shri Rajesh Khare (Alternate)
Central Soil and Materials Research Station, Shri Rajeev Kumar
New Delhi Shri Raj Kumar (Alternate)
Creative Design Consultants & Engineers Pvt Ltd, Shri Aman Deep
Ghaizabad Shri Manik Chatterjee (Alternate)
CSIR ‒ Central Building Research Institute, Roorkee Dr Rajesh Deolia
Shri H. C. Arora (Alternate)
CSIR ‒ Central Road Research Institute, Shri J. B. Sengupta
New Delhi Shri Satish Pandey (Alternate)
CSIR ‒ Structural Engineering Research Centre, Dr B. H. Bharathkumar
Chennai Dr P. Srinivasan (Alternate)
Department of Science and Technology Ministry of Shri S. S. Kohli
Science and Technology, New Delhi

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Organization Representative(s)
Elkem South Asia Pvt Ltd, Navi Mumbai Shri Brajesh Malviya
Shri Surendra Sharma (Alternate)
Engineers India Limited, New Delhi Shri Rajanji Srivastava
Shri Anurag Sinha (Alternate)
Gammon India Limited, Mumbai Shri Sudeesh Rajendran
Hindustan Construction Company Ltd, Mumbai Shri Satish Kumar Sharma
Shri Khatarbatcha Jimmetain (Alternate)
Indian Concrete Institute, Chennai Shri K. C. Tayade
Secretary General (Alternate)
Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi Dr B. Bhattacharjee
Dr Shashank Bishnoi (Alternate)
Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur Dr Sudhir Mishra
Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai Dr Manu Santhanam
Dr Radhakrishna G. Pillai (Alternate)
Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee Representative
Indian Society of Structural Engineers, Mumbai Shri Umesh Joshi
Shri Hemant Vadalkar (Alternate)
Irrigation and Power Research Institute, Amritsar Chief Engineer (Research)
Research Officer (Alternate)
Larsen and Toubro Limited, ECC Division, Chennai Dr B. Sivarama Sarma
Shri S. Manohar (Alternate)
Military Engineer Services, Engineer-in-Chief’s Maj Gen S. K. Srivastav
Branch, Integrated HQ of MoD (Army), Shri Man Singh (Alternate)
New Delhi
Ministry of Road Transport and Highways, Shri A. P. Pathak
New Delhi Shri A. K. Pandey (Alternate)
NBCC (India) Ltd, New Delhi Shri H. S. Yadav
Shri Arun Kumar Sharma (Alternate)
National Council for Cement and Building Materials, Shri V. V. Arora
Ballabgarh Shri P. N. Ojha (Alternate)
National Institute of Technology Warangal, Warangal Dr C. B. Kameswara Rao
Dr D. Rama Seshu (Alternate)
Nuclear Power Corporation of India Limited, Mumbai Shri Arvind Shrivastava
Shri N. M. Rao (Alternate)
Pidilite Industries Limited, Mumbai Dr Suguna Naik
Ready Mixed Concrete Manufacturers’ Association, Shri Vijaykumar R. Kulkarni
Mumbai Shri Srirang Sondur (Alternate)
Research, Design & Standards Organisation (Ministry Jt Director Stdrs (B&S)/CB-I
of Railways), Lucknow Jt Director Stdrs (B&S)/CB-II (Alternate)
RDC Concrete (India) Pvt Ltd, Thane Shri Anil Banchhor
Shri Simranjit Singh (Alternate)
Shapoorji Pallonji and Company Private Limited, Shri Girish Bonde
Mumbai Shri D. N. Vishwanath (Alternate)
Tandon Consultants Pvt Limited, New Delhi Shri Mahesh Tandon
Shri Vinay Gupta (Alternate)
Tata Consulting Engineers Limited, Mumbai Shri S. N. Diwakar
Shri Manos Kumar De (Alternate)
Ultra Tech Cement Ltd, Mumbai Dr V. Ramachandra
Dr A. K. Singh (Alternate)

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Organization Representative(s)
Water Resource Department, Govt of Madhya Pradesh, Shri S. K. Khare
Mumbai Shri B. P. Gupta (Alternate)
In personal capacity (452 Sector 14, Sonipat, Haryana) Shri R. K. Jain
In personal capacity (36, Old Sneh Nagar, Wardha Shri L. K. Jain
Road, Nagpur)
In personal capacity [B-803, Oberoi Exquisite, Oberoi Shri A. K. Jain
Garden City, Goregaon (East), Mumbai]
In personal capacity (EA-92, Maya Enclave, Shri R. C. Wason
Hari Nagar, New Delhi)
In personal capacity (M1 F1 VGN Minerva Apartments, Dr C. Rajkumar
Guruswamy Road, Nolambur, Chennai)

Panel for Review/Revision of IS 3370, CED 2:2/P1

Organization Representative(s)
In personal capacity (36, Old Sneh Nagar, Shri L. K. Jain (Convener)
Wardha Road, Nagpur)
Creative Design Consultants & Engineers Pvt Ltd, Shri Aman Deep Garg
Ghaziabad Shri Manik Chatterjee (Alternate)
CSIR‒Central Road Research Institute, New Delhi Director
CSIR‒Structural Engineering Research Centre, Chennai Dr B. H. Bharathkumar
Dr P. Srinivasan (Alternate)
Gammon Engineers & Contractors Pvt Ltd, Mumbai Shri S. W. Deshpande
Shri Mukund C. Butala (Alternate)
Government College of Engineering, Pune Dr Namdeo A. Hedaoo
Hindustan Construction Company Ltd, Mumbai Shri Satish Kumar Sharma
Shri Mukesh Valecha (Alternate)
Indian Concrete Institute, Chennai Representative
Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi Dr Dipti Ranjan Sahoo
Dr Shashank Bishnoi (Alternate)
Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee Dr Ashok K. Jain
Military Engineer Services, Engineer-in-Chief’s Branch, Shri J. B. Sharma
Integrated HQ of MoD (Army), New Delhi Shri Yogesh K. Singhal (Alternate)
National Council for Cement and Building Materials, Shri V. V. Arora
Ballabgarh Shri T. V. G. Reddy (Alternate)
Tata Consulting Engineers Limited, Mumbai Shri S. M. Palekar
Shri S. Krishna (Alternate)
In personal capacity (Grace Villa, Kadamankulam P.O., Shri Jose Kurian
Thiruvalla 689 583)
In personal capacity (A2B/37A, Ekta Apartments, Shri Arvind Kumar
Paschim Vihar, New Delhi 110 063)
In personal capacity (Flat No. 220, Ankur Apartments, Dr V. Thiruvengadam
Mother Dairy Road, Patparganj, Delhi 110 092)
In personal capacity (K-L/2, Kavi Nagar, Ghaziabad Dr A. K. Mittal
201 002)
In personal capacity (House No. 2103 Sector 7D, Shri Harish Kumar Julka
Faridabad 121 006)
In personal capacity (EA-92, Maya Enclave, Shri R. C. Wason
Hari Nagar, New Delhi)

18
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Delhi([email protected]) 122.161.52.164 [for non-commercial use only].

(Continued from second cover)

e) The sub-clause on loads has been enlarged to include detailed guidance on the various types of loadings;
and liquid load has been defined separately.
f) Partial safety factors for loads and various load combinations, applicable to liquid retaining structures,
have been provided, duly revised.
g) Provision of classifying liquid retaining structures on the basis of the degree of protection against leakage
in three tightness classes has been introduced.
h) The clause on ‘Detailing’ has been enlarged to include detailed guidance regarding the minimum
percentage of reinforcement and lap length. Additionally, detailing at the right angled junction of the
members has been included.
j) Title of the standard has, been modified to address the actual coverage.
In the formulation of this standard, assistance has been derived from the following publications:
BS 8007 : 1987 Code of practice for design of concrete structures for retaining aqueous liquids, British
Standards Institute
EN 1992-3 : 2006 Design of concrete structures — Part 3: Liquid retaining and containment structures,
Committee European Normalization (CEN)
The composition of the Committee responsible for the formulation of this standard is given in Annex C.
For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with the final value,
observed or calculated, expressing the result of a test or analysis shall be rounded off in accordance with
IS 2 : 1960 ʻRules for rounding off numerical values ( revised )’. The number of significant places retained in the
rounded off value should be the same as that of the specified value in this standard.
 Free Standard provided by BIS via BSB Edge Private Limited to Vipin Silswal - New
Delhi([email protected]) 122.161.52.164 [for non-commercial use only].

Bureau of Indian Standards

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development of the activities of standardization, marking and quality certification of goods and attending to
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Review of Indian Standards

Amendments are issued to standards as the need arises on the basis of comments. Standards are also reviewed
periodically; a standard along with amendments is reaffirmed when such review indicates that no changes are
needed; if the review indicates that changes are needed, it is taken up for revision. Users of Indian Standards
should ascertain that they are in possession of the latest amendments or edition by referring to the latest issue of
‘BIS Catalogue’ and ‘Standards: Monthly Additions’.
This Indian Standard has been developed from Doc No.: CED 02 (13639).

Amendments Issued Since Publication

Amend No. Date of Issue Text Affected

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