UNIVERSITY OF GHANA BUSINESS SCHOOL

UGBS 301 – QUANTITATIVE METHODS FOR BUSINESS

EXERCISE ONE - MATRICES AND LINEAR EQUATIONS (SEPTEMBER 2018)
Not to be submitted

1. If the order of matrix A is m*p and the order of matrix B is p*n, then the order of matrix
AB is…………..
(a) n x p (b) m x n (c) n x p (d) n x p (e) n x m

2. Two matrices A and B are equal if

(a) both are rectangular
(b) both have same order
(c) no of columns of A is equal to columns of B
(d) both have same order and equal corresponding elements

3. If A and B are matrices, then which of the following is/are true

(a) AB ≠BA (b) (At)t = A (c) all of above (d) none above

4. Transpose of a rectangular matrix is a

(a) scaler matrix (b) square matrix (c) diagonal matrix (d) rectangular matrix

5. If A is a 2*3 matrix, and B is a 3*4 matrix, how many columns does AB have……………..

1 2 4 3
6. What is the size of matrix A = [12 7 1 4]
13 14 2 1

7. Which of the following is true about square matrices?

I) All entries of A11, A22, Ann lie on the diagonal
II) It has the same number of rows as columns
III) Every square matrix has a unique identity matrix
IV) the order of a square matrix is a positive integer

(a). I only (b). I and III only (c) I, II and III only
(d). I, II, III and IV (e). I, II and IV only (f). None of the above

8. Write the following systems of equations in the form AX=B

3a + 3b + c = 4
a − 5b + 4c = 3
a. 2a + 3b =6

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 x + y + z = 
b. ax − by + cz = f
x + y + z = 

x− y = 4
c. 2x + y = 6
x + 3y = 8

1 0
1 2 3 0 1
9. Given the following matrices: W = [ ], X = [2 −1] and Y = [ ],
3 2 1 −2 5
0 2
Compute the following
a. W2
b. WX + Y
c. XY
d. XW + Y
e YWT
f. WXY

1 3 0 4
10. Let At = [ ] 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵 = [ ], find the 4AB
2 5 −1 6

11. Using Matrix multiplication, find x1, x2, and x3 from the system of linear equations
2 1 1 𝑥1 6 2 1 1 0.4 −0.2 0.4
[3 4 6] [𝑥2] = [12] if the inverse of [3 4 6] 𝑖𝑠 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑎𝑠 [1.2 0.4 −1.8]
2 1 1 𝑥3 10 2 1 1 −1 0 1

1 −3 3 2 1
1 2 0 0 1
12. If, W = [2 −2] , 𝑋 = [−1 2 3], and Y = [ ] and Z = [ ],
0 −1 2 2 3
3 1 2 −1 1
Which of the following statements are true?
−2 3 −7
(a) WX – X = [ 3 4 −7]
1 6 1
5 −9
(b) YW – Z2 = [ ],
0 −2
(c) The product (YW)2 is not defined
(d) (YW)2 = Y2W2

2
 5 −8
(e) YW – Z2 = [ ],
2 1

−2 3 −7
(f) WY – X = [ 3 4 −7]
1 6 1

8. Use Gauss Jordan elimination to find the solution to the following given linear systems
a. (a) 3𝑥 + 𝑦 = 2
12𝑥 + 𝑦 = 2

(b) x1 + 3x2 + 4x3 = 3

2x1 + 7x2 + 3x3 = -7
2x1 + 8x2 + 6x3 = -4

(c) 2x2 + 6x3 = 2

3x1 + 9x2 + 4x3 = 7
x1 + 3x2 + 5x3 = 6

(d) x1 + 3x2 + 2x3 + 5x4 = 11

-x1 + 2x2 -2x3 + 5x4 = -6
2x1 + 6x2 + 4x3 + 7x4 = 19
5x2 + 2x3 + 6x4 = 5
(e) x + 7y = 2
X + y + 2z = 2
X + 2y + z = 5

12. Find the inverse of the following matrices

4 0 0 0
0 0 2 0
(a) [ ]
0 1 2 0
1 0 0 1
3 0 2
(b) [2 4 −2]
0 1 1
9 13 8
(c) [10 7 9]
11 9 10

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13. An investment firm offers three stock portfolios A, B and C. there exists 6 blocks of high risk,
3 moderate risk and 1 low risk stocks in portfolio A. in portfolio B, there are 2 blocks of
moderate risks, 5 blocks of low risk and a single block of high risk stocks. In portfolio C, there
are 3 blocks each of high, medium and low risk stocks. A client wants to have 35 blocks of
high risk stock, 22 blocks of medium risk and 18 blocks of low risk stock, how many of each
portfolio should he purchase?

14. A health spa customises the diet and vitamin supplements of each of its clients. The spa offers
three different food supplements, each containing different percentages of the recommended
daily allowance of vitamins A, C and D. one tablet of supplement X provides 40% of vitamin
A, 20% of vitamin C and 10% of vitamin D. a tablet of supplement Y provides 10% of vitamin
A, 30% of vitamin D. A tablet of supplement Z provides 10% of vitamin A, 50% of vitamin
C and 20% of vitamin D. the spa determines that a client must take 180% of the daily
requirement of vitamin A, 200% of the daily requirement of vitamin C and 190% of the daily
requirement of vitamin D each day. How many tablets of each supplement must be taken each
day?

15. A cereal Company makes a cereal from several ingredients. Two of the ingredients, oats and
rice, provide vitamins A and B. The company wants to know how many ounces of oats and
rice it should include in each box of cereal to meet the requirements of 48 milligrams of
vitamin A and 12 milligrams of vitamin B. An ounce of oats contributes 8 milligrams of
vitamin A and 1 milligram vitamin B, whereas an ounce of rice contributes 6 milligrams of A
and 2 milligrams of B.

16. A dietician can purchase food of three different types: Type A, type B and type C. each food
supplement type comes in the same size bag. For one bag of type A it contains 5mg of Nutrient
one, 10mg of nutrient two and 5mg of nutrient three. For a bag of type B, it contains 5mg
each of Nutrient one and Nutrient two and 10mg of nutrient three. Type C contains 10mg of
nutrient one, 60mg of nutrient two and 30mg of nutrient three. For a particular patient, the
dietician determines that she needs to combine the bags of food supplement to get 1.2g of
Nutrient A, 2.0g of nutrient B and 2.2g of nutrient C. how many bags of food supplement of
types A, B and C should she purchase?

17. A manufacturer produces two types of products X and Y. Each product is first processed in
a machine M1 and sent to another machine M2 for finishing. Each unit of X requires 20
minutes in M1 and 10 minutes on M2 while the corresponding time for Y are 10 minutes on
M1 and 20mins on M2. The total time available on each machine is 600 minutes. Calculate the
number of units of X and Y produced by constructing a matrix equation of the form AX=B

18. A manufacturer produces three products: A, B and C. the profits for each unit of A, B and C
sold are GHS 1, GHS 2 and GHS3 respectively. The fixed cost is GHS 17000 per year and
the cost for producing each unit of A, B and C are GHS 4, GHS 5 and GHS7 respectively.
Next year a total of 11000 units of all three products is to be produced and sold and a total

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 profit of 25000 is to be realized. If total cost is to be GHS 80000, how many units of each of
the products should be produced next year?

19. Find the values of x for which:

𝑥 2 + 2000𝑥 √𝑦 ) = ( 2001 4
( )
𝑧2 ln 𝑒 𝑤 2001 − 2000𝑧 1
20. In an economy with three industries (coal, electricity, and steel), there are three consumers
(consumer 1, consumer 2, consumer 3) who rely on these industries in the following order:
consumer 1 requires 2 units of coal, 2 units of electricity and 5 units of coal; Consumer 2
requires 5 units of electricity and 10 units of steel; Consumer 3 similarly require 4 units each
of coal, electricity and steel. Also, each industry uses some output of the other industry in the
following order: the coal industry requires 4 units of electricity and 5 units of steel; the
electricity industry requires 20 units of coal and 15 units of steel; the steel industry requires 30
units of coal and 15 units of electricity. Construct a matrix that shows:
a. The needs of each of the consumers and each of the industries
b. The total industrial demand
c. The total consumer demand
d. The overall demand