C

H E
M I
STRY
NUCLEUS - F
 SHAPES OF ATOMIC ORBITALS

The spherical Polar Coordinates S

pX py pz

d z2 d dxy
x 2  y2

dxz dyz f z3
 fxyz d d
x ( y2 z2 )
z( x 2  y2 )

d f f
y(z2 x 2 ) x3 y3

Electromagnetic Spectrum

Increasing Wavelength 

in meters.
 EXERCISE - I
Q1. Electromagnetic radiation (photon) with highest wavelength results when an electron
in the hydrogen atom falls from n = 5 to
(A) n = 1 (B) n = 2 (C) n = 3 D) n = 4

Q2. The ionization potential for an electron in the ground state of the hydrogen atom is
13.6 eV. What would be the ionization potential for the electron in the first excited
state of the 2 H atom.
(A) 13.6 eV (B) 6.8 eV (C) 3.4 eV (D) 27.2 eV

Q3. When light of frequency 3.2x10 16 Hz is used to irradiate a metal surface, the maximum
kinetic energy of the emited photoelectron is 3/4 of the energy of the irradiating photon.
What is the threshold frequency of the metal?
(A) 2.4x10 25 Hz (B) 2.4x10 16 Hz (C) 1.6x10 15 Hz (D) 8x10 15 Hz

Q4. The important principles which help in assigning the electronic configurations of atoms
are
(A) (n+l) rule (B) Hund’s rule
(C) Heisenberg’s Uncertainity principle (D) Pauli’s exclusion principle

Q5. Bohr model can explain

(A) The spectrum of hydrogen atom only
(B) spectrum of an atom or ion containing two electrons
(C) The spectrum of hydrogen molecules
(D) solar spectrum

Q6. The quantum numbers +1/2 and –1/2 for the electron spin represent
(A) rotation of the electron in clockwise and anticlockwise direction respectively
(B) rotation of the electron in anticlockwise and clockwise direction respectively
(C) magnetic moment of the electron pointing up and down respectively
(D) two quantum mechanical spin states which have no classical analogue

Q7. The outermost electronic configuartion of the most electronegative element is

(A) ns 2 np 3 (B) ns 2 np 4 (C) ns 2 np 5 (D) ns 2 np 6

Q8. The wavelength of spectral line for an electronic transition is inversely related to
(A) The number of electrons undergoing the transition
(B) The nuclear charge of the atom
(C) The difference in the energy of energy levels involved in the transition
(D) The velocity of the electron undergoing the transition

Q9. The outermost electronic configuration of copper (29) is

(A) 3d 4 4s 1 (B) 3d 5 4s 1 (C) 3d 9 4s 1 (D) 3d 10 4s 1

Q 1 0 . The electronic configuration of oxygen atom in ground state is written as 1s 2 2s 2

  it would violate

(A) Hund’s Rule (B) Pauli’s exclusion principle

(C) Both Pauli’s and Hund’s principle (D) None of these
Q 1 1 . X –2 has 56 electrons, the atomic number x is
(A) 56 (B) 58 (C) 28 (D) 54

Q 1 2 . The binding energy of an electron in the ground state of the He atom is equal to
24.6eV
The energy required to remove both the electrons from the atom will be
(A) 59 eV (B) 81 eV (C) 79 eV (D) none of these

Q 1 3 . With increasing atomic number of a single elctron species, the energy difference
between two orbits
(A) increases (B) decreases
(C) remains constant (D) first increase followed by a decrease

Q 1 4 . The ionization energy of the ground state hydrogen atom is 2.18x10 –18 J. The energy
of an electron in second orbit of He + will be
(A) –1.09x10 –18 J (B) –4.36x10 –18 J (C) 2.18x10 –18 J (D) –2.18x10 –18 J

Q 1 5 . Which electronic level allows the hydrogenic atom to absorb a photon but not emit a
photon
(A) 2s (B) 2p (C) 1s (D) 3d

Q 1 6 . The electronic configuartion of an element is 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6 3d 5 4s 1. This represents

its
(A) excited state (B) ground state (C) cationic state (D) anionic state

Q 1 7 . The number of nodal planes in a p x orbital is

(A) one (B) two (C) three (D) zero

Q 1 8 . The first electron affinity in electron volts of nitrogen and oxygen atoms are respectively
given by
(A) 0.72 and 1.60 (B) 1.60 and 1.60 (C) 0.72 and 0.72 (D) 1.60 and 0.72

Q 1 9 . A gamma ray photon has a wavelength of 4.5x10 –13 m. What is its approximate mass?
(A) 10 –29 Kg (B) 10 –30 Kg (C) 4.9x10 –30 Kg (D) 7.73x10 –30 Kg

Q 2 0 . The atomic weights of zinc and bromine are 65.38 and 79.93 respectivey (on C-12
scale). What will be the mass in grams of a single molecule of ZnBr 2
(A) 3.74x10 –22 Kg (B) 3.74x10 –25 Kg (C) 2.4x10 –25 Kg (D) 2.2524x10 2 Kg

Q 2 1 . The first use of quantum theory to explain the structure of atom was made by
(A) Heisenberg (B) Planck (C) Bohr (D) Einstein

Q 2 2 . For a ‘d’ –electron, the orbital angular momentum is –

(A) 6  (B) 2  (C)  (D) 2

Q 2 3 . For ionising an excited hydrogen atom, the energy required in eV will be

(A) 3.4 or less (B) more than 13.6 (C) little less than 13.6 (D) 13.6

Q 2 4 . An element consists of 15 electrons and 20 neutrons. Its mass number will be

(A) 35 (B) 19 (C) 20 (D) 48
Q 2 5 . The wavelength of the shortest wave length transition in Balmer series of atomic
hydrogen will be
(A) 4215 Å (B) 1437 Å (C) 3942 Å (D) 3647 Å

Q 2 6 . The wavelength associated with a golf ball weighing 200 g and moving at a speed of
5m/h is of the order
(A) 10 –10 m (B) 10 –20 m (C) 10 –30 m (D) 10 –40 m

Q 2 7 . The value of l for n = 2 will be

(A) 0 and 1 (B) –1 and +1 (C) 0 and 2 (D) none of these

Q 2 8 . The shape of ‘p’ orbital is

(A) Spherically symmetrical (B) Dumbbell
(C) Double dumbbell (D) none of these

EXERCISE - II

Q1. Find out the number of waves made by Bohr electron in one complete revolution in
its third orbit. Also calculate the number of revolutions per second that this electron
makes around the nucleus.

Q2. An electron in the Bohr orbit of hydrogen atom with quantum number n 2 has an angular
momentum 4.2176x10 –34 kg m 2 s –1 . The electron drops from this level to the next
lower level, find the wavelength of this line.

Q3. Calculate the accelerating potential that must be imparted to a proton beam to give it
an effective wavelength of 0.005 nm.

Q4. Energy required to stop the ejection of electrons from Cu plate is 0.24 eV. Calculate
the work function when radiations of  = 253.7 nm strikes the plate ?

Q5. What transition in the hydrogen spectrum would have the same wavelength as the
Balmer transition, n = 4 to n = 2 of He + spectrum ?

Q6. With what velocity should an -particle travel towards the nucleus of a copper atom
so as to arrive at a distance 10 –13 metre from the nucleus of the copper atom.

Q7. An electron beam can undergo diffraction by crystals. Through what potential should
a beam of electrons be accelerated so that its wavelength becomes equal to 1.54 Å.

Q8. Calculate the de Broglie wavelength of the electron in the ground state of hydrogen
atom, given that its kinetic energy is 13.6 eV. (1 eV = 1.602x10 –19 J)

Q9. The circumference of the second Bohr orbit of electron in hydrogen atom is 600 nm.
Calculate the potential difference to be applied between the plates so that the electrons
have de Broglie wave length equal to this circumference.

Q 1 0 . When light of frequency  is thrown on a metal surface with threshold frequency of  0 ,

photoelectrons are emitted with maximum kinetic energy = 1.3x10 –18 J. If the ratio : 0
= 3:1 , calculate the threshold frequency.
Q 1 1 . Atomic weight of Ga is 69.72. What is the relative abundance of the two known
69 Ga 71Ga
isotopes 31 and 31 in nature?

Q 1 2 . The electromagnetic radiation of wavelength 3186 Å is just sufficient to ionise the

outermost electron of a gaseous Cs atom. Calculate the ionization energy of Cs in
k J/ m o le .

Q 1 3 . What is the transition that gives rise to the spectral line in the Balmer series with a
wave number 20568 cm –1 ?

Q 1 4 . Calculate the wave number for the shortest wavelength transition in the Balmer series
of atomic hydrogen.

EXERCISE - III

Q1. Estimate the diffrence in the energy between 1st and the 2nd Bohr orbit for a hydrogen
atom. At what minimum atomic number a transition from n = 2 to n = 1 energy level
would result in the emission of x-rays with  = 3.0x10 –8 m? Which hydrogen like species
does this atomic number correspond to ?

Q2. A certain line in the Lyman series for hydrogen and a certain line of Balmer series of
singly ionised He(He + ) have very nearly the same wave numbers. To what transitions
may they belong? Assign any possible quantum number values. The small difference
between R H and R He , may be ignored.

Q3. 1.8 g hydrogen atoms are excited to emit radiations. The study of spectra indicates
that 27% of the atoms are in 3rd energy level and 15% of atoms in 2nd energy level
and the rest in ground state. IP of H is 2.17x10 –12 erg. Calculate
(a) Number of atoms present in III and II energy level.
(b) Total energy evolved when all the atoms return to ground state.

Q4. A stationary He + ion emitted a photon corresponding to the first line (H  ) of the Lyman
series. That photon liberated a photoelectron from a stationary H atom in ground
state. What is the velocity of photo electron?

Q5. The IP 1 of H is 13.6 eV. It is exposed to electrmagnetic waves of 1025.7 Å and gives
out induced radiations. Find the wavelength of these induced radiations.

Q6. The dissociation I 2 h

 2I utilizes one photon per iodine molecule dissociated.
The maximum  for this is 4995 Å. Calculate number of moles of I 2 dissociated per kJ
of photon energy.

Q7. A beam of electron accelerated with 4.64 V is passed through a tube containing
mercury vapours. As a result of absorption, electronic changes occured with mercury
atoms and light was emitted. If the full energy of single electron was converted into
light, what was the wave number of emitted light?
Q8. Light of wavelength 470 nm falls on the suface of potassium metal, electrons are
emitted with a velocity 6.4x10 4 m/s.
(a) What is the kinetic energy of emitted electron?
(b) What is the minimum amount of energy required to remove an electron from K
atom?

Q9. The dye acriflavine, when dissolved in water, has its maximum light absoption at
4530Å and its maximum fluorescence emission at 5080 Å. The number of
fluorescence quanta is, on the average, 53% of the number of quanta absorbed. Using
the wavelengths of maximum absorption and emission, what percentage of absorbed
energy is emitted as fluorescence?

Q 1 0 . The minimum energy required to overcome the attractive forces between electron
and the surface of Ag metal is 7.52x10 –19 J. What will be the maximum kinetic energy
of electron ejected out from Ag which is being exposed to UV light of  =360 Å?

Q 1 1 . The reaction between H 2 and Br 2 to form HBr in the presence of light is initiated by
the photo decomposition of Br 2 into free bromine atoms (free radicals) by absorption
of light. The bond dissociation energy of Br 2 is 192 kJ/mole. What is the longest
wavelength of the photon that would initiate the reaction?

Q 1 2 . Calculate the wavelength of the radiation that would be emitted when an electron in
the fourth orbit of He + ion falls to the second Bohr orbit. To what transition does this
light radiation would correspond in the hydrogen atom.

Q 1 3 . Consider the hydrogen atom to be a proton embedded in a cavity of radius a 0 (Bohr

radius) whose charge is neutralized by the addition of an electron to the cavity in
vacuum, infinitely slowly. Estimate the average total energy of an electron in its ground
state in a hydrogen atom as the work done in the above neutralization process. Also,
if the magnitude of the average kinetic energy is half the magnitude of the average
potential energy, find the average potential energy.

Q 1 4 . In a photoelectric effect experiment, irradiation of a metal with light of frequency

2.00x10 16 Hz yields electrons with maximum kinetic energy 7.5x10 –18 J. Calculate  0
for the metal.

Q 1 5 . Photoelectric emission requires a threshold frequency of  0 .For a certain metal  1 =

2200 Å and  2 = 1900Å produce electrons with maximum kinetic energy KE 1 and KE 2 .
If KE 2 = 2KE 1 calculate the corresponding wavelength ( 0 ).

EXERCISE - IV
Q1. For a d-electron, the orbital angular momentum is
(A) 6  (B) 2  (C)  (D) 2 

Q2. Rutherford’s experiment, which establishes the nuclear model of the atom, used a
beam of
(A)  –particles, which impinged on a metal foil and got absorbed.
(B) –rays, which impinged on a metal foil and ejected electrons.
(C) Helium atoms, which impinged on a metal foil and got scattered.
(D) Helium nuclei, which impinged on a metal foil and got scattered.
Q3. If the nitrogen atom has electronic configuration 1s7, it would have energy lower than that of the
normal ground state configuration 1s2, 2s 2, 2p 3, because the electrons would be closer to the
nucleus. Yet 1s7 is not observed because it violates
(A) Heisenberg uncertainity principle.
(B) Hund’s rule
(C) Pauli’s exclusion principle
(D) Bohr postulate of stationary orbits.

Q4. According to the Bohr theory, the electronic energy of a hydrogen atom in the nth
21.76  10 19
Bohr atom is given by F n = J. Calculate the longest wavelength of light
n2
that will be needed to remove an electron from the third Bohr orbit of the He + ion.

Q5. With what velocity should an –particle travel towards the nucleus of a Cu atom so
as to arrive at a distance 10–13 meter from the nucleus of Cu–atom?

Q6. The iodine molecule dissociates into atoms after absorbing light of 4500Å if one
quantum of radiation is absorbed by each molecule. Calculate the kinetic energy of
iodine atoms.
(Bond energy per molecule of I2 = 240 kJ mol-1)
Q7. A compound of vanadium has a magnetic moment of 1.73 BM. Work out the electronic configuration
of the vanadium ion in the compound.
Q8. Consider the hydrogen atom to be a proton embedded in a cavity of radius a0 (Bohr radius), whose
charge is neutralised by the addition of an electron to the cavity in vacuum, infinitely slowly.
Estimate the average total energy of an electron in its ground state in a hydrogen atom as the work
done in the above neutralisation process. Also, if the magnitude of the average kinetic energy is
half the magnitude of the average kinetic energy is half the magnitude of potential energy. Find
the average potential energy.
[IIT-1996]
 ANSWERS
EXERCISE - I
1. D 2. C 3. D
4. A,B,D 5. A 6. C 7. C
8. B,C 9. D 10. A 11. D
12. C 13. A 14. D 15. C
16. B 17. A 18. A
19. C 20. B 21. D 22. A
23. A 24. A 25. D 26. C
27. A 28. B

EXERCISE - II
1. 3 ; 2.42x1014 revolution 2. 1.876x103 nm
3. 34.2999 V 4. 4.65 eV
5. n2 = 2 ; n1 = 1 6. 6.3x106 m/s
7. 63.57 volt 8. 0.3328 nm
9. 4.2x10–6 volt 10. 9.8x1014 Hz
69 Ga 71Ga
11. 31 =64% and 31 =36% 12. 375.25 kJ mol–1
13. n2 = 4 ; n 1 = 2 14. 27419.25 cm–1

EXERCISE - III
1. 10.2 eV ; Z =2; He ion +

2. For H: 2  1; 3 1; 4 1
For He+ : 4 2; 6 2 ; 8 2
3. (a) 292.68x1021 atoms in III shell, 162.6x1021 atoms in II shell
(b) 832.50 kJ
4. 3.09x108 cm/s
5. I1 = 1025.7 Å ; I2 = 1216Å ; I3 = 6568Å
6. 4.175x10–3 moles of I2
7. 37400 cm–1 8. (a)1.86x10–21 J,(b)4.2x10–19J
9. 47% 10. 47.68x10–19 J
11. 6235 Å 12. 1216Å ; n = 2 to n =1
e2 e2
13. T.E. =  ; P.E. =  14. 8.7x1015 Hz
8  0 a 0 4  0 a 0

15.  0 = 2612.5Å,  0 = 1.1483x1015 Hz

EXERCISE - IV
Q1. A
Q2. D
Q3. C
Q4. 2.055 ×10 –7 meter
Q5. V = 5.41 × 10 8 m/s
Q6. 2.165 × 10 –20 J
e2
Q8. –
8 0 a 0