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    INTECH 3200: System Administration and Maintenance

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    Patricia Ann
    System administration refers to managing computer systems to ensure they run efficiently and effectively. The tasks of a system administrator include implementing organizational policies, maintaining IT infrastructure and services, performing routine maintenance like software updates, working with hardware vendors, provisioning new users and hardware, troubleshooting issues, performing risk assessments, and security management. System administrators must have strong technical skills as well as good communication skills and customer service attitudes to effectively handle their responsibilities.

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    INTECH 3200: System Administration and Maintenance

    Uploaded by

    Patricia Ann
    108 views20 pages
    System administration refers to managing computer systems to ensure they run efficiently and effectively. The tasks of a system administrator include implementing organizational policies, maintaining IT infrastructure and services, performing routine maintenance like software updates, working with hardware vendors, provisioning new users and hardware, troubleshooting issues, performing risk assessments, and security management. System administrators must have strong technical skills as well as good communication skills and customer service attitudes to effectively handle their responsibilities.

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    System administration refers to managing computer systems to ensure they run efficiently and effectively. The tasks of a system administrator include implementing organizational policies, maintaining IT infrastructure and services, performing routine maintenance like software updates, working with hardware vendors, provisioning new users and hardware, troubleshooting issues, performing risk assessments, and security management. System administrators must have strong technical skills as well as good communication skills and customer service attitudes to effectively handle their responsibilities.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    108 views20 pages

    INTECH 3200: System Administration and Maintenance

    Uploaded by

    Patricia Ann
    System administration refers to managing computer systems to ensure they run efficiently and effectively. The tasks of a system administrator include implementing organizational policies, maintaining IT infrastructure and services, performing routine maintenance like software updates, working with hardware vendors, provisioning new users and hardware, troubleshooting issues, performing risk assessments, and security management. System administrators must have strong technical skills as well as good communication skills and customer service attitudes to effectively handle their responsibilities.

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    INTECH 3200

    SYSTEM ADMINISTRATION AND


    MAINTENANCE
    What is Sytem Administration?
    branch of engineering
    that concerns the operational
    management of human-computer systems

    refers to the management of one or more


    hardware and software systems ensuring
    that the systems are running efficiently and
    effectively.

    The task is performed by a system


    administrator
    able to know how to communicate patient at all times and knows able to solve difficult
    with technical and how to handle pressure technical problems
    non-technical users and has a customer service
    attitude
    know how to document know the risks of being a
    activities in order to system administrator or
    reproduce the results sysadmin
    SYSADMIN TASK
    ORGANIZATIONAL POLICIES
    the sysadmin has to think
    carefully about computer
    security and whether or not to
    allow access to certain users

    Should users be allowed to install software?

    Should users have complex passwords with certain requirements?

    Should you be able to view non-work related websites like


    Facebook?

    If you hand out a company phone to an employee, should you set


    a device password?
    SYSADMIN TASK
    IT INFRASTRUCTURE SERVICES
    As an IT support specialist doing system administration, you'd be responsible for the IT
    infrastructure services in your organization.

    • getting network access


    • secure connection to websites and other computers
    • services must be updated routinely
    • patched for security holes
    SYSADMIN TASK
    ROUTINE MAINTENANCE

    when managing machines for a company, you don't just set it and forget it, you have to constantly
    provide updates and maintenance so that they run the latest secure software.

    to effectively update and manage hardware, you do something called batch update

    This means that once every month or so, you update all your servers with the latest security
    patches. You have to find time to take their services offline, perform the update, and verify that
    the new update works with the service. You also don't have to perform an update every single time
    a new software becomes available.

    But, it's common practice to do batch updates for security updates and very critical system
    updates
    SYSADMIN TASK
    VENDORS

    Sysadmins must be sure to weigh their option before purchasing anything. They need to think
    about hardware supply. Working with vendors or other businesses to buy hardware is a common
    practice.

    Setting up businesses accounts with vendors like Hewlett Packard, Dell, Apple, etc., is usually
    beneficial since these companies can offer discounts to businesses.

    So if a certain laptop model isn't used anymore, they need to think of a suitable backup that works
    with their organization. Price is also something to keep in mind. They'll probably need formal
    approval from their manager or another leader to establish this relationship with a vendor.
    SYSADMIN TASK
    USER AND HARDWARE PROVISIONING
    sys admins have to be able to create new users and give them access to their company's
    resources.

    They also have to remove users from an IT infrastructure if users leave the company. It's not just
    user accounts they have to worry about, sys admins are also responsible for user machines.

    Sys admins also have to ensure that the hardware they are provisioning or setting up for users is
    standardized in some way.

    Not only do sys admins have to standardize settings on a machine, they have to figure out the
    hardware lifecycle of a machine.

    • When was it built?


    • When was it first used?
    • Did the organization buy it brand new or was it used?
    • Who maintained it before?
    • How many users have used it in the current organization?
    • What happens to this machine if someone needs a new one?
    MAIN STAGES OF
    HARDWARE
    LIFECYCLE

    PROCUREMENT DEPLOYMENT MAINTENANCE RETIREMENT

    This is the stage This is where This is the stage where In this final stage,
    hardware is set up software is updated hardware becomes
    where hardware is
    and hardware issues unusable or no longer
    purchased or re- so that the needed and it needs to
    are fixed if and when
    used for any employee they occur.
    be properly removed
    from the fleet.
    employee. can do their job.
    SYSADMIN TASK
    TROUBLESHOOTING AND MANAGING ISSUES

    when you're managing an entire IT infrastructure, you'll constantly have to


    troubleshoot problems and find solutions for your IT needs. This will probably take
    up most of your time as an IT support specialist.

    There are two skills that are critical to arriving at a good solution for your users.

    • The first is troubleshooting, asking questions, isolating the problem, following


    the cookie crumbs, and reading logs are the best ways to figure out the issue.

    • The second super important skill that we covered is customer service;


    showing empathy, using the right tone of voice and dealing well with difficult
    situations.
    SYSADMIN TASK
    RISK ASSESSTMENT

    It's super important to make sure that your company's data is routinely backed up
    somewhere. Preferably, far away from it's current location. Being responsible for
    keeping data available isn't easy.
    Security Management

    ADDITIONAL ROLES OF
    SYSADMIN
    Monitor system usage and
    performance and managing
    resources (disk, memory , CPU)
    System planning
    • Scaling the system
    • Assessing new technologies
    • Anticipate and avoid problems Perform upgrades/patches, and test
    devices and schedule downtime to
    manage devices.
    WITH GREAT POWER COMES GREAT RESPONSIBILITY

    APPLYING
    THE MOST IMPORTANT THING IS TO
    AVOID USING ADMINISTRATOR
    RIGHTS FOR TASKS THAT DON'T
    REQUIRE THEM.

    CHANGES
    IN THE RESPECT THE PRIVACY OF OTHERS.

    SYSTEM
    BEING AN ADMINISTRATOR OF AN EMAIL
    SERVER DOESN'T MEAN YOU SHOULD READ
    SOMEONE ELSE'S EMAIL.
    WITH GREAT POWER COMES GREAT RESPONSIBILITY

    APPLYING
    YOU SHOULDN'T USE YOUR
    ADMINISTRATOR RIGHTS TO
    BYPASS ANY RULES.

    CHANGES
    IN THE MISTAKES LIKE DELETING THE WRONG SET
    OF FILES, REBOOTING THE WRONG

    SYSTEM
    MACHINE, OR BREAKING THE CONNECTION
    THAT YOU'RE USING TO MANAGE A
    REMOTE MACHINE CAN ALL HAPPEN IF
    YOU'RE NOT CAREFUL.

    REVERTING TO THE PREVIOUS STATE IS


    CALLED A ROLLBACK.
    ASSESSING THE RISK

    APPLYING •We can assess the risk involved by considering how

    CHANGES
    important the services to the infrastructure and how
    many users would be impacted if the service went
    down.

    IN THE •You can also use these criteria to establish priorities


    for fixing a problem.

    SYSTEM
    FIXING THINGS THE RIGHT WAY

    The problem could be in a user's computer, a server

    APPLYING
    in your own infrastructure, a piece of code running in
    the cloud or somewhere in between.

    CHANGES
    When looking for a reproduction case, there are three
    questions you'll need to answer.
    • What steps did you take to get to this point?

    IN THE
    • What's the unexpected or bad result?
    • And what's the expected result?

    SYSTEM
    Make sure you document all your steps and any findings.
    Having this documentation may prove invaluable if you
    ever have to deal with similar issues again.
    THANKYOU

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