100 Things You Must Know
100 Things You Must Know
100 Things You Must Know
2.Metabolism- the sum of all the chemical reactions that occur within the cells of
an organism.
5.Organelle- small parts that make up a cell (each has at least one specific function)
Vacuoles-- stores waste and water (large in plant cells, small in animal cells)
ribosomes- located on the endoplasmic reticulum; they are where proteins are
made (protein synthesis)
cell membrane-controls what comes in and goes out of the cell (selectively
permeable)
6.Cell membrane-
1.separates the contents of the cell from the outside environment
2.controls the transport of materials into and out of the cell.
3.Recognizes and responds to chemical signals by using receptor protein
molecules.
4.Draw the Fluid Mosiac Model:
7 Passive Transport- movement of molecules from areas of high concentration to
areas of low concentration.
TOPIC 2
11Chemicals produced in the endocrine glands (HORMONES) and chemicals
produced by nerve cells are primarily responsible for communication between
cells.
14 EXCRETION- the removal of all waste produced by the cells of the body.
16.Photosynthesis-Storing energy
27.When glucose levels are above normal the pancreas secretes INSULIN
This hormone prompts glucose to move from the blood into body cells, resulting in
a lower glucose level in the blood. Another hormone secreted by the pancreas
works in the opposite way. When the glucose level in the blood is too low, this
hormone prompts the release of glucose stored in the BLOOD.
(****NEGATIVE FEEDBACK)
TOPIC 3
28. CANCER : certain genetic mutations in a cell can result in uncontrolled cell
division.
29 CIRCULATORY system is the body's primary defense against disease-causing
pathogens. (IMMUNITY)
30. SURFACE RECEPTOR PROTEIN- a molecule found on the outer surfaces if
cells that the immune system recognizes as either part of the body or an outside
invader.
42.An organism's environment can affect the way that some genes are expressed.
TOPIC 4
49.If the gametes each have 23 chromosomes, then what does their zygote have?
FORTY-SIX
53.Reproductive technology
TOPIC 5
54 EVOLUTION-the process by which organisms have changed overtime-
simple, single-celled: complex-single-celled: complex, multicellular
59.Any trait that helps an organism survive and reproduce under a given set of
environmental conditions is said to have AN ADAPTIVE VALUE
TOPIC 6
63 ECOLOGY is the study of how organisms interact with the living and nonliving
things.
67.POPULATION- all the organisms of a species that live in the same area.
71.Factors in the environment that limit the size of populations are known as
LIMITING FACTORS
examples: FOOD, SHELTER, MATES, SPACE, OXYGEN, ETC.
73.PREDATORS kill and eat other organisms and PREY which are killed for food.
consumers-SAME AS HETEROTROPHS
producers-SAME AS AUTOTROPHS
75.Difference between a food chain and a food web A FOOD CHAIN IS A
COMBINATION OF MANY FOOD CHAINS TOGETHER (BECAUSE MOST
ORGANISMS EAT MORE THEN 1 FOOD)
78.On the energy pyramid, each level above gets smaller. Where does the energy
go? INTO THE ENVIRONEMNT (LOST AS HEAT)
TOPIC 7
79.Recycling and reusing materials
name the 3 cycles:
1. CARBON CYCLE
2. WATER CYCLE
3. NITROGEN CYCLE
TOPIC 8
89.Independent variable: THE ONE THAT “I CHANGED”
90.Dependent variable: THE ONE THAT CHANGES BECAUSE OF THE IV
91.Control group: THE GROUP THAT IS STUDIED UNDER THE NORMAL
CONDITIONS
92.Controls: EVERYTHING THAT STAYS THE SAME
93.Organizing data
Where does the Independent variable go on a data table? What about the Dependent variable?
IV DV
Where does the Independent variable go on a graph? What about the
Dependent variable?
DV
IV
TOPIC 9
94.Parts of the microscope:
Eyepiece: THE PART THAT YOU LOOK THROUGH (CLOSEST TO
THE EYE) USUALLY 10X
Objective: THE MAGNIFYING PART CLOSEST TO THE SLIDE
(HIGH POWER=USUALLY 40X; LOW POWER=USUALLY 10X)
Fine adjustment knob: USED TO FOCUS ON LOW & HIGH POWER
Course adjustment knob: USED TO FOCUS ONLY ON LOW POWER
Stage: WHERE THE SLIDE IS PLACED
Stage clips: HOLD THE SLIDE IN PLACE
Diaphragm: CONTROLS THE AMOUNT OF LIGHT USED
95. How to calculate total magnification: if a microscope has a 10X eyepiece, and
10X and 40X objectives.
TOTAL MAG. ON LOW POWER: 10 X 10 = 100X (IT LOOKS 100 TIMES
BIGGER THAN REAL LIFE)
TOTAL MAG. ON HIGH POWER: 10 X 40 = 400X (IT LOOKS 400 TIMES
BIGGER THAN REAL LIFE)
Relax & take your time you have 3 hours to take the exam…
make it the last time you ever take the exam!!