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    Python Decision Making and Loops

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    nithya Anand
    The document discusses various decision making and looping constructs in Python including if, if-else, elif, nested if, while loops, for loops using range(), and nested loops. It provides examples of each construct and how they are used to make decisions and iterate through loops in Python code. Indentation is important in Python to indicate block scope for if/else and loop statements.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Python Decision Making and Loops

    Uploaded by

    nithya Anand
    36 views28 pages
    The document discusses various decision making and looping constructs in Python including if, if-else, elif, nested if, while loops, for loops using range(), and nested loops. It provides examples of each construct and how they are used to make decisions and iterate through loops in Python code. Indentation is important in Python to indicate block scope for if/else and loop statements.

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    The document discusses various decision making and looping constructs in Python including if, if-else, elif, nested if, while loops, for loops using range(), and nested loops. It provides examples of each construct and how they are used to make decisions and iterate through loops in Python code. Indentation is important in Python to indicate block scope for if/else and loop statements.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    36 views28 pages

    Python Decision Making and Loops

    Uploaded by

    nithya Anand
    The document discusses various decision making and looping constructs in Python including if, if-else, elif, nested if, while loops, for loops using range(), and nested loops. It provides examples of each construct and how they are used to make decisions and iterate through loops in Python code. Indentation is important in Python to indicate block scope for if/else and loop statements.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 28

    Python Decision Making

    And Loops
    Decision making

    ● Decision making is the most important aspect of almost all the


    programming languages.
    ● Decision structures evaluate multiple logical expressions which produce
    TRUE or FALSE as outcome.

    ● non-zero and non-null values as TRUE, otherwise FALSE


    Decision making

    Decision making statements in python

    1. If

    2. If else

    3. nested if
    Indentation in Python

    ● For the ease of programming and to achieve simplicity, python doesn't allow
    the use of parentheses for the block level code.
    ● In Python, indentation is used to declare a block.
    ● If two statements are at the same indentation level, then they are the part of
    the same block.
    ● Generally, four spaces are given to indent the statements which are a typical
    amount of indentation in python.
    The if statement

    The syntax of the if-statement is given below.

    if expression:

    statement

    E.g.
    a=10
    if a :
    print(“ value is ”,a)
    or
    a=10
    if a : print(“ value is ”,a)
    The if statement

    e.g. X= int(input(“Enter a number”)) o/p:


    r=X%2 Enter a number : 3
    if (r==0): bye
    print(“Even”) Enter a number : 50
    print(“Bye”) Even
    Bye
    The if-else statement

    The if-else statement provides an else block combined with the if statement which is
    executed in the false case of the condition.

    If the condition is true, then the if-block is executed.

    Otherwise, the else-block is executed.


    The if-else statement

    Syntax:
    if expression:
    statement(s)
    else :
    statement(s)
    The if-else statement

    age = int (input("Enter your age? "))

    if age>=18:

    print("You are eligible to vote !!");

    else:

    print("Sorry! You are not eligible to vote !!");


    The elif statement

    ● The elif statement enables us to check multiple conditions and execute the
    specific block of statements depending upon the true condition among them.
    ● We can have any number of elif statements in our program depending upon
    our need.
    ● However, using elif is optional.
    ● The elif statement works like an if-else-if ladder statement in C. It must be
    succeeded by an if statement.
    The elif statement
    Nested if
    • Can use one if or else if statement inside another if or else if statement(s).
    • Can have an if...elif...else construct inside another if...elif...else construct.
    LOOPS
    ● Allows us to execute a statement or group of statements multiple times.

    1. While loop

    2. For loop

    3. Nested loop
    while loop
    ● Repeatedly executes target statement(s) as long as a given condition is true

    Syntax: while condition:

    statement(s)

    ● Python uses indentation as its method of grouping statements


    ● In Python, all the statements indented by the same number of character
    spaces after a programming construct( if, for , while etc….) are considered to
    be part of a single block of code

    ● While loop needs,

    counter variable

    condition

    increment or decrement

    ● Infinite loop – Cntl + C


    while loop
    i=1 Output:
    number = int(input("Enter the number:")) 1
    2
    while i<=10: 3
    print("%d X %d = %d \n" %(number,i,number*i)) 4
    5
    i = i+1 6
    7
    8
    9
    10
    While with Else
    Print a message once the condition is false:
    ● Python supports to have an else statement
    associated with a loop statement. i=0
    while i < 5:
    ● If the else statement is used with a while print("%d is less than 5" %i)
    i += 1
    loop, the else statement is executed when
    else:
    the condition becomes false. print("%d is not less than 5" %i)

    Output

    ●
    Python for loop

    The for loop in Python is used to iterate the statements or a part of the program
    several times.
    It is frequently used to traverse the data structures like list, tuple, or dictionary.
    ➔ The syntax of for loop in python is given below.
    for iterating_var in sequence:
    statement(s)
    Python for loop

    Example-1: Iterating string using for


    loop

    str = "Python"

    for i in str:

    print(i)

    Output

    P
    y
    t
    h
    o
    n
    Python for loop

    Program to print the table of the given number .

    list = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]
    n=5
    for i in list:
    c = n*i
    print(c)
    For loop Using range() function

    The range() function is used to generate the sequence of the numbers.

    If we pass the range(10), it will generate the numbers from 0 to 9. The syntax of the
    range() function is given below.

    Syntax:

    range(start,stop,step size)

    ● The start represents the beginning of the iteration.


    ● The stop represents that the loop will iterate till stop-1. The range(1,5) will
    generate numbers 1 to 4 iterations. It is optional.
    ● The step size is used to skip the specific numbers from the iteration. It is optional
    to use. By default, the step size is 1. It is optional.
    For loop Using range() function

    Program to print numbers in sequence.


    for i in range(10):
    print(i,end = ' ')
    Output:
    0123456789
    For loop Using range() function

    Program to print table of given number.


    n = int(input("Enter the number "))
    for i in range(1,11):
    c = n*i
    print(n,"*",i,"=",c)
    Output:
    For loop Using range() function
    Enter the number 20

    Program to print even number using step size in 2


    range(). 4

    n = int(input("Enter the number ")) 6


    8
    for i in range(2,n,2):
    10
    print(i)
    12
    14
    16
    18
    Nested for loop in python

    Python allows us to nest any number of for loops inside a for loop.

    The inner loop is executed n number of times for every iteration of the outer loop.
    The syntax is given below.

    Syntax

    for iterating_var1 in sequence: #outer loop

    for iterating_var2 in sequence: #inner loop

    #block of statements

    #Other statements
    Nested for loop in python

    Output:
    # User input for number of rows
    rows = int(input("Enter the rows:")) Enter the rows:5

    # Outer loop will print number of rows *


    **
    for i in range(1,rows+1):
    ***
    # Inner loop will print number of Astrisk ****
    *****
    for j in range(i):
    print("*",end = '')
    print()
    Using else statement with for loop

    ● Unlike other languages like C, C++, or Java, Python allows us to use the else
    statement with the for loop which can be executed only when all the iterations
    are exhausted.

    ● Here, we must notice that if the loop contains any of the break statement then
    the else statement will not be executed.
    Using else statement with for loop

    for i in range(0,5):
    print(i)
    else:
    print("for loop completely exhausted, since there is no break.")

    Output :
    0
    1
    2
    3
    4
    for loop completely exhausted, since there is no break.

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