IELTS 1 August For Students
IELTS 1 August For Students
IELTS 1 August For Students
7.5+
IELTS
by @nst.itsme
Привет, я Кристина!
VOCABULARY
+
STRUCTURE
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PRACTICE, PRACTICE, PRACTICE!
ABOUT IELTS
by @nst.itsme
GENERAL INFO
цена: 18.000-20.000р
результаты: 2 года
computer based vs. paper based
TEST FORMAT
IELTS Academic IELTS GT
study at undergraduate migrate to an English-speaking
or postgraduate levels country (Australia, Canada,
New Zealand, UK)
join a professional train or study at below
organisation in an English- degree level
speaking country
IELTS Academic IELTS GT
LISTENING
SPEAKING
IELTS STRUCTURE
IELTS STRUCTURE
1. Listening
40 минут
40 вопросов
BREAK
2.Reading 4. Speaking
60 минут 10-15 минут
40 вопросов 3 задания
3 статьи
3. Writing
60 минут
2 эссе
PAPER BASED
vs
COMPUTER BASED
Computer-
Paper-based
based
Your preparation The same
6 Competent user
5 Modest user
4 Limited user
2 Intermittent user
1 Non user
Average of 4 Band
Listening Reading Writing Speaking
components score
You will need to select a separate test date for your Speaking test.
If you are under 18, you will need your parent or guardian
to book the test for you.
by @nst.itsme
THEORY
2 STRATEGIES
READ - ANSWER
ANSWER - READ
МЕТОДИКА
SKIMMING & SCANNING
1 SKIMMING
ONE WORD
TWO WORDS AND A NUMBER
A. Obesity is a huge problem in many Western countries and one which now attracts
considerable medical interest as researchers take up the challenge to find a 'cure' for the
common condition of being seriously overweight. However, rather than take responsibility for
their weight, obese people have often sought solace in the excuse that they have a slow
metabolism, a genetic hiccup which sentences more than half the Australian population (63%
of men and 47% of women) to a life of battling with their weight. The argument goes like this:
it doesn't matter how little they eat, they gain weight because their bodies break down food
and turn it into energy more slowly than those with a so-called normal metabolic rate.
B. 'This is nonsense,' says Dr Susan Jebb from the Dunn Nutrition Unit at Cambridge in
England. Despite the persistence of this metabolism myth, science has known for several
years that the exact opposite is in fact true. Fat people have faster metabolisms than thin
people. 'What is very clear,' says Dr Jebb, 'is that overweight people actually burn off more
energy. They have more cells, bigger hearts, bigger lungs and they all need more energy
just to keep going.'
C. It took only one night, spent in a sealed room at the Dunn Unit to disabuse one of their
patients of the beliefs of a lifetime: her metabolism was fast, not slow. By sealing the room
and measuring the exact amount of oxygen she used, researchers were able to show her
that her metabolism was not the culprit. It wasn't the answer she expected and probably
not the one she wanted but she took the news philosophically.
D. Although the metabolism myth has been completely disproved, science has far from
discounted our genes as responsible for making us whatever weight we are, fat or thin.
One of the world's leading obesity researchers, geneticist Professor Stephen O'Rahilly,
goes so far as to say we are on the threshold of a complete change in the way we view not
only morbid obesity, but also everyday overweight. Prof. O'Rahilly's groundbreaking work
in Cambridge has proven that obesity can be caused by our genes. 'These people are not
weak- willed, slothful or lazy,' says Prof. O'Rahilly, 'They have a medical condition due to
a genetic defect and that causes them to be obese.'
E. In Australia, the University of Sydney's Professor Ian Caterson says while major genetic
defects may be rare, many people probably have minor genetic variations that combine to
dictate weight and are responsible for things such as how much we eat, the amount of
exercise we do and the amount of energy we need. When you add up all these little
variations, the result is that some people are genetically predisposed to putting on weight.
He says while the fast/slow metabolism debate may have been settled, that doesn't mean
some other subtle change in the metabolism gene won't be found in overweight people.
He is confident that science will, eventually, be able to 'cure' some forms of obesity but the
only effective way for the vast majority of overweight and obese people to lose weight is a
change of diet and an increase in exercise.
F. Despite the $500 million a year Australians spend trying to lose weight and the $830
million it costs the community in health care, obesity is at epidemic proportions here, as it
is in all Western nations. Until recently, research and treatment for obesity had
concentrated on behaviour modification, drugs to decrease appetite and surgery. How the
drugs worked was often not understood and many caused severe side effects and even
death in some patients. Surgery for obesity has also claimed many lives.
G. It has long been known that a part of the brain called the hypothalamus is responsible
for regulating hunger, among other things. But it wasn't until 1994 that Professor Jeffery
Friedman from Rockerfeller University in the US sent science in a new direction by
studying an obese mouse. Prof. Friedman found that unlike its thin brothers, the fat mouse
did not produce a hitherto unknown hormone called leptin. Manufactured by the fat cells,
leptin acts as a messenger, sending signals to the hypothalamus to turn off the appetite.
Previously, the fat cells were thought to be responsible simply for storing fat. Prof.
Friedman gave the fat mouse leptin and it lost 30% of its body weight in two weeks.
H. On the other side of the Atlantic, Prof. O'Rahilly read about this research with great
excitement. For many months two blood samples had lain in the bottom of his freezer,
taken from two extremely obese young cousins. He hired a doctor to develop a test for
leptin in human blood, which eventually resulted in the discovery that neither of the
children's blood contained the hormone. When one cousin was given leptin, she lost a
stone in weight and Prof. O'Rahilly made medical history. Here was the first proof that a
genetic defect could cause obesity in humans. But leptin deficiency turned out to be an
extremely rare condition and there is a lot more research to be done before the 'magic'
cure for obesity is ever found.
They do this by seeking to blame their 9 _______________________ for
the fact that they are overweight and erroneously believe that they
use 10 _______________________ energy than thin people to stay alive.
However, recent research has shown that a 11 _______________________
problem can be responsible for obesity as some people seem
programmed to 12 _______________________ more than others.
The new research points to a shift from trying to change
people’s 13 _______________________ to seeking an answer to the
problem in the laboratory.
WORDS FROM THE TEXT
Solace
WORDS FROM THE TEXT
Culprit
WORDS FROM THE TEXT
Discount
WORDS FROM THE TEXT
Predisposed
WORDS FROM THE TEXT
Hitherto
WORDS FROM THE TEXT
Cure
WORDS FROM THE TEXT
Severe
WORDS FROM THE TEXT
Slothful
WORDS FROM THE TEXT
Morbid
WORDS FROM THE TEXT
Persistence
WORDS FROM THE TEXT
Complaint
WORDS FROM THE TEXT
Consume
QUESTIONS?