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NTERA

1. Ntera is a Kinyarwanda word that refers to the formation of new words through derivation by adding prefixes or suffixes to existing words. 2. Ntera can be formed through root combination, where a root combines with another root to convey a new meaning, or through affixation, where prefixes or suffixes are added to convey a new meaning or part of speech. 3. Ntera has two types of formation: root-stem formation and affixation. Root-stem formation involves combining roots to convey the meaning, while affixation uses prefixes and suffixes to modify the root without changing the meaning.

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3K views4 pages

NTERA

1. Ntera is a Kinyarwanda word that refers to the formation of new words through derivation by adding prefixes or suffixes to existing words. 2. Ntera can be formed through root combination, where a root combines with another root to convey a new meaning, or through affixation, where prefixes or suffixes are added to convey a new meaning or part of speech. 3. Ntera has two types of formation: root-stem formation and affixation. Root-stem formation involves combining roots to convey the meaning, while affixation uses prefixes and suffixes to modify the root without changing the meaning.

Uploaded by

moses maned
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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NTERA

1. INSHOZA YA NTERA

Ntera ni ijambo rigaragira izina, rikerekana imimerere, ingano n’imiterere yaryo. Ntera
yegerana n’izina ifutura cyangwa bigahuzwa n’inshinga “kuba”.

2. UTURANGO TWA NTERA

 Ntera yisanisha n’izina biri kumwe igafata indanganteko yaryo ho indangasano.

Ingero: - Iyi nzu ifite ibyumba bigari.

- Umusore munini kandi mugufi.

- Umwiza ni umukobwa muto muto kandi ufite umusatsi muremure.

 Ntera igaragaza indanganteko y’izina igaragiye.

Ingero: - Iryinyo rinini.

-Indirimbo nshya.

 Mu nteruro, Ntera yisanisha n’izina igaragiye ikinjira mu nteko y’amasano izina


igaragiye ririmo, bityo ntera ikaba ari ijambo rishobora kwinjira mu nteko zose
z’amasano.

Ingero:- Umukobwa mugufi. ( nt 1)

- Abahungu bagufi. (nt 2)

-Imyenda migufi. (nt 3)

 Ntera iyo ifashe indomo ihinduka izina rusange.

Ingero: -Ntamwiza nk’umubi wumva.

-Umuto niwe waje.

-Abarebare bajye inyuma.


-Abakuru n’abato bose baze.

3. UTUREMAJAMBO TWA NTERA

Ntera igira uturemajambo tubiri: Indangasano n’igicumbi.

1. Indangasano

Indangasano (RS) ni igice cya ntera gihinduka bitewe n’izina bijyanye. Indangasano ya ntera isa
n’indanganteko y’izina igaragiye.

Ingero: Umuhanzi mushya yasohoye indirimbo nziza.

mu-shya, n-iza (igicumbi gifata z mu nt 10)

2. Igicumbi

Igicumbi (C) ni igice kidahinduka na rimwe.

Ingero: -Umugore munini. mu-nini

-Abagore banini. ba-nini

4. IBICUMBI BYA NTERA

Ibicumbi bya ntera ni ibi bikurikira.

igicumbi urugero igicumbi urugero

- inshi Abana benshi/ - zima Umwana muzima

- iza Inka nziza / - shya Insengero nshya

- gari Inzu ngari / - shyashya Imyenda mishyashya

-ke / - keya Abana bake, abana bakeya / - bi Abantu babi

- to Igiti gito / - nini Imirima minini

- toto Igiti gitoto / -kuru Umuntu mukuru


-to – to Umugore mutomuto / - tagatifu Ahantu hatagatifu

- toya Umuhungu mutoya / - re-re Umusore muremure

- hire Umunsi muhire / - gufi Umwari mugufi

- bisi Ibyatsi bibisi / - sa - sa Uburo busabusa

- taraga Umukozi mutaraga / - sa Ibijumba bisa

- niya Ingirangingo niya / - tindi Umutego mutindi

Igicumbi -re na –to byisubiramo ku buryo bifata indangasano 2.

Ingero: Igihe kirekire: ki-re – ki –re,

Umusore mutomuto: mu-to-mu-to

Igicumbi –gufi, -ke, -to bishobora gukorana n’akajambo ya.

Ingero: umuntu mugufiya, amazi makeya.

Igicumbi –niya, gishobora kugira impinduranteko nyinshi

Ingero: -nuya, -nzinya, -niniya, -nunuya, -nziginya, -nzunyu, -nzugurunya

- Igiti kinzugurunya.

- Udushaza tunzugunya

5. UMUMARO WA NTERA.

Ntera igira umumaro w’imfutuzi y’izina igaragiye.

Ingero: Umuhungu muremure.

Ntera idasanishije igira igicumbi cya ntera ariko indangasano yayo ntiyisanisha
n’indanganteko y’izina bijyanye.
Ingero: - Nta mubyeyi gito ubaho.

-Sinkunda ibigori gusa.

Uturemajambo n’amategeko y’igenamajwi muri ntera

- Abantu benshi : ba-inshi (ba=RS, -inshi=C)

a+i=e (itegeko)

-Umukobwa mugufi : mu-gufi (mu=RS, gufi=C)

Nta tegeko.

-umuyobozi mwiza : mu-iza (mu=RS, iza=C)

u→w/j (itegeko)

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