Department of Education

National Capital Region

Schools Division of Parañaque City
Self-Learning Modules
Mathematics 9 Quarter 1 Week 1

QUADRATIC EQUATIONS

Learning Competencies
The learner…
a. illustrates quadratic equations (M9AL – Ia-1).
b. solves quadratic equations by: (a) extracting square roots; (b) factoring; (c) completing
the square; and (d) using the quadratic formula. (M9AL-1a-b-1)

Objectives
The learner…
a. illustrates quadratic equations.
b. writes quadratic equation in standard form.
c. solves quadratic equations: by extracting the square roots, factoring, completing the
square and using quadratic formula.

LESSON 1: ILLUSTRATING QUADRATIC EQUATIONS

Let’s Recall
A. On the space provided before each number, write LE for linear equation, NLE for not linear
equation.
_____ 1) 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 4 _____ 2) 3𝑥 < 5 _____ 3) 3𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 4 = 0
B. Factor the following.
1) 𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 8 2) 𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 + 16 3) 3𝑥 2 − 7𝑥 + 2
C. Find the square roots of the following numbers.
4
1) 25 2) 9 3) 121

Let’s Understand
During grade 7 you have learned how to solve linear equation in one unknown, where the
highest exponent is one. Example is the equation 2𝑥 + 4 = 6.
Now, let us discuss quadratic equation. Quadratic equation in one variable is an equation of
the second degree and it is in the form 𝒂𝒙𝟐 + 𝒃𝒙 + 𝒄 = 𝟎, where 𝒂, 𝒃, and 𝒄 are real numbers and 𝒂 is
not equal to zero.
Quadratic equation can be written in different forms. The following are examples of quadratic
equation.
1) 𝑥 2 = 4 3) 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 4 = 0 5) (2𝑥 + 5)(3𝑥 − 2) = 0
2) 2𝑥 2 + 3 = 0 4) 3𝑥 2 + 4 = 3𝑥
Quadratic equation written in the form 𝒂𝒙𝟐 + 𝒃𝒙 + 𝒄 = 𝟎 is said to be in standard form.
1) x 2 − 3x + 2 = 0
2) x 2 − 4 = 0 } Examples of quadratic equation in standard form
3) 2x 2 + 5x = 0
Notice that quadratic equation in standard form is always equated to zero. From the examples
above, we can deduce that the value of 𝒃 and 𝒄 can be both zero but not the value of 𝒂. When 𝒂 is zero,
the equation can no longer be called quadratic because it will become linear in nature.
Let us consider the examples below to make ourselves familiar on how to express quadratic
equation in standard form.
Examples:
1) Write 2𝑥 2 − 3(2𝑥 + 5) = 3 − 1 in standard form
Solution:
2𝑥 2 − 3(2𝑥 + 5) = 3 − 1 Given
2𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 − 15 = 2 Use distributive property then combine similar terms

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2𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 − 17 = 0 Use addition property of equality then combine similar
terms
It is now in standard form where 𝒂 = 2, 𝒃 = −6, and 𝒄 = −17.
5 (𝑥−1)(𝑥+2)
2) Write the equation 2𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + = in standard form:
3 2
Solution:
5 (𝑥−1)(𝑥+2)
2𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 3 = 2
Given
5 (𝑥−1)(𝑥+2)
6 (2𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + ) = (6) Multiply by the LCD
3 2
2 2
12𝑥 − 24𝑥 + 10 = 3(𝑥 + 𝑥 − 2) Division of numbers
12𝑥 2 − 24𝑥 + 10 = 3𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 6 Distributive Property
12𝑥 2 − 24𝑥 + 10 − 3𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 6 = 0
9𝑥 2 − 27𝑥 + 16 = 0 Combine similar terms
2
9𝑥 − 27𝑥 + 16 = 0 is now in standard form where 𝑎 = 9, 𝑏 = −27 and 𝑐 = 16

LESSON 2: SOLVING QUADRATIC EQUATIONS BY EXTRACTING THE

SQUARE ROOTS

Let’s Recall
Find the square roots of the following numbers.
1) 25 2) 121 3) 196

Let’s Understand
One of the methods being used in solving quadratic equation is by extracting the square roots.
However, this method can only work if the given quadratic equation is in the form 𝒙𝟐 = 𝒄, where 𝒄 is a
non-negative integer. But before that, let us recall first the square root property.
Square Root Property
If 𝒙𝟐 = 𝒂, and 𝒂 is an integer, then 𝑥 = ±√𝑎. It is important to remember that we can only use
this property if the numerical coefficient of the variable 𝑥 is 1.
Examples:
1) Solve 𝑥 2 − 4 = 0
Solution:
𝑥2 − 4 = 0 Given
𝑥2 = 4 Addition property of equality
𝑥 = 2 or 𝑥 = −2 Extract the square roots on both sides of the equation
Check: If 𝑥 = 2 If 𝑥 = −2
𝑥2 − 4 = 0 𝑥2 − 4 = 0
2
(2) − 4 = 0 (−2)2 − 4 = 0
4−4 = 0 4−4 = 0
0=0 0=0
2) Solve: 2𝑥 2 + 8 = 0
Solution:
2𝑥 2 = −8 Addition Property of Equality
𝑥 2 = −4 Divide both sides by 2
No Solution Negative numbers has no square roots.

LESSON 3: SOLVING QUADRATIC EQUATIONS BY FACTORING

Let’s Recall
Factor the following polynomials.
1) 𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 8 2) 3𝑥 2 − 7𝑥 + 2 3) 25𝑥 2 − 49

Let’s Understand
Another method that can be used in solving quadratic equation is using factoring technique.
However, before we can be able to use the factoring technique, we have to study first the zero product
property. This states that if the product of two numbers is zero, then one of the numbers is zero or both
numbers are zero.

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Examples:
1) Solve for 𝑥: 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 = 0
Solution:
𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 = 0 Given
𝑥(𝑥 − 2) = 0 Factor
𝑥 = 0 or 𝑥 − 2 = 0 Equate each factor to zero
𝑥 = 0 or 𝑥=2 Solve for the unknown.
Check: If 𝑥 = 0 If 𝑥 = 2
𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 = 0 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 = 0
2
(0) − 2(0) = 0 2
(2) − 2(2) = 0
0−0 = 0 4−4 = 0
0=0 0=0
2) Solve 16𝑥 2 = 25 by factoring.
Solution:
16𝑥 2 − 25 = 0 Transform into standard form
(4𝑥 − 5)(4𝑥 + 5) = 0 Factor (This is a difference of two squares, thus, the factors
are the sum and difference of two terms: (4𝑥 + 5) as the sum
and (4𝑥 − 5) as the difference
4𝑥 − 5 = 0 4𝑥 + 5 = 0
4𝑥 = 5 4𝑥 = −5
5 −5
𝑥=4 𝑥= 4
Check: 5
If 𝑥 = 4
−5
If 𝑥 = 4
16𝑥 2 = 25 16𝑥 2 = 25
5 2 −5 2
16 (4) = 25 16 ( 4 ) = 25
25 25
16 (16) = 25 16 (16) = 25
25 = 25 25 = 25

LESSON 4: SOLVING QUADRATIC EQUATIONS BY COMPLETING THE

SQUARE

Let’s Recall
A. Fill in the blank to make the trinomial a perfect square.
1) ___ 𝑥 2 + 12𝑥 + 9 2) 𝑥 2 − 14𝑥 + ___ 3) ___ 𝑥 2 + 12𝑥 + 1
B. Expand the given polynomial below.
𝑥 1 2
1) (𝑥 + 2)2 2) (3𝑥 + 5)2 3) (2 + 3)
C. Simplify the following radicals.
√50
1) √12 2) 2√27 3) 5

Let’s Understand
Not all quadratic equation of the form 𝒂𝒙𝟐 + 𝒃𝒙 + 𝒄 = 𝟎 can be solved by factoring. However,
there are still some methods that can be used to help us solve for the roots of a given quadratic equation.
One of these methods is by completing the square. Remember that when we square a binomial
(𝑎 + 𝑏)2, we just square the first term (𝑎2 ) plus (+) twice the product of the first and the second term
(2𝑎𝑏) + the square of the second term (𝑏 2 ). That is, (𝑎 + 𝑏)2 = 𝑎2 + 2𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏 2.
Examples:
1) Solve for the roots of 𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 = 0
Solution:
𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 = 0 Given
𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 + 16 = 16 Divide 8 by 2 = 4 then 42 = 16. Add 16 on both sides
(𝑥 − 4)2 = 16 Factor the left side
2
√(𝑥 − 4) = √16 Extract the square roots on both sides
𝑥 − 4 = ±4 Extracted roots on both sides
𝑥 = 4±4 Subtract 4 to both sides of the equation (SPE)
𝑥 = 4 + 4 or 𝑥 = 4 − 4 Simplify

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𝑥=8 or 𝑥 = 0
2) Solve for the roots of 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 5 = 0.
Solution:
𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 5 = 0 Given
𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 = −5 Addition Property of Equality
𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 4 = −5 + 4 Complete the square
𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 4 = −1 Simplify the right side
(𝑥 − 2)2 = −1 Factor the left side
𝑥 − 2 = ±√−1 Extract the square roots on both sides.
No Real Solution Since negative number has no square roots

Now based on the given examples above, let us summarize the steps being used in solving
quadratic equations by completing the square.

Steps in Solving Quadratic Equations by Completing the Square

1) Move the quadratic term and the linear term to the left side of the equation and the constant
to the right side of the equation.
2) Divide all the terms by the coefficient of the quadratic term.
3) Complete the square by dividing the coefficient of the linear term then square its quotient.
Add his result to both sides of the equation.
4) Factor the left side of the coefficient.
5) Extract the square roots on both sides of the equation.
6) Transpose the constant on the left side of the equation to the right side of the equation.
7) Combine the constant on the right side of the equation.
8) Solve for the value of the unknown. Simplify it if possible.
9) Perform checking

LESSON 5: SOLVING QUADRATIC EQUATIONS USING QUADRATIC FORMULA

Let’s Recall
Solve the following quadratic equations using the indicated method.
A. Extracting the Square Roots: 1) 4𝑥 2 − 256 = 0 2) 3𝑥 2 = 27
B. Factoring: 1) 𝑥 2 − 13𝑥 − 48 = 0 2) 2𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 − 5 = 0
C. Completing the Square: 1) 2𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 − 7 = 0

Let’s Understand
Another method that can be used in solving quadratic equation is by using the quadratic
formula. This works for all types of quadratic equations. We already derived this in our past lesson using
completing the square.
Let us consider the general quadratic equation 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0. Let us find its roots by
completing the square.
𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0 Given
𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 = −𝑐 Subtract c to both sides of the equation (SPE)
𝑎𝑥 2 𝑏𝑥 𝑐
𝑎
+ 𝑎
= −𝑎 Divide all the terms by the coefficient of 𝑥 2
2 𝑏𝑥 𝑐
𝑥 + =
𝑎 𝑎
𝑏𝑥 𝑏 2 𝑐 𝑏 2
2
𝑥 + 𝑐
+ (2𝑎) = − 𝑎 + (2𝑎) Complete the square by dividing the coefficient of the linear
term by 2 and squaring the quotient. Add the result on both
sides of the equation.
𝑏𝑥 𝑏2 𝑏2 𝑐
𝑥2 + + 𝑥= − Simplified result of the previous step
𝑎 4𝑎 2 4𝑎 2 𝑎
𝑏 2 𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑐
(𝑥 + ) = Factor the left side and combine the right side using the same
2𝑎 4𝑎 2
denominator.
𝑏 2 𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑐
√(𝑥 + ) =√ Take the square root on both sides of the equation
2𝑎 4𝑎 2

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𝑏 √𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑐
𝑥 + 2𝑎 = ± 2𝑎
Simplified result of the previous step
𝑏 √𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑐 𝑏
𝑥=− ± Subtract to both sides of the equation (SPE)
2𝑎 2𝑎 2𝑎
−𝑏±√𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑐
𝑥= 2𝑎
Combine the quantities on the right side
−𝑏+ √𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑐 −𝑏−√𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑐
𝑥= 2𝑎
or 𝑥 = 2𝑎
Separate the two roots

Quadratic Formula
2
The quadratic equation 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0 where 𝑎, 𝑏 and 𝑐 are integers and 𝑎 > 0 has solutions:
−𝑏 ± √𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐
𝑥=
2𝑎

Now that we know this quadratic formula, the next question is how to use it. Let us consider the
examples below for us to know how to use it.
Examples:
1) Solve for the roots of 𝑥 2 + 10𝑥 = 24.
Solution:
𝑥 2 + 10𝑥 = 24 Given
2
𝑥 + 10𝑥 − 24 = 0 Rewrite the equation to standard form
𝑎 = 1, 𝑏 = 10, 𝑐 = −24 Get the value of 𝑎, 𝑏, and 𝑐
−𝑏±√𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑐
𝑥= The quadratic formula
2𝑎
−10±√102 −4(1)(−24)
𝑥= 2(1)
Substitute the values into the formula
−10±√100+96
𝑥= Simplify
2
−10±√196
𝑥=
2
−10±14
𝑥= 2
𝑥 = −12 or 𝑥 = 2
Check: If 𝑥 = −12 If 𝑥 = 2
𝑥 2 + 10𝑥 = 24 𝑥 2 + 10𝑥 = 24
2 2
(−12) + 10(−12) = 24 2 + 10(2) = 24
144 − 120 = 24 4 + 20 = 24
24 = 24 24 = 24

2) Solve: 3𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 5 = 0
Solution:
3𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 5 = 0
𝑎 = 3, 𝑏 = −2, 𝑐 = 5
−𝑏±√𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑐
𝑥=
2𝑎
−(−2)±√(−2)2 −4(3)5
𝑥=
2(3)
4±√−56
𝑥= 6
No Real Roots
Thus, 3𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 5 = 0 has no real solution.

Let’s Apply
Fill in the table below. Note: 𝑅1 and 𝑅2 are the roots of the given quadratic equation.
Quadratic equations 𝒂 𝒃 𝒄 𝑹𝟏 𝑹𝟐
𝑥2 − 𝑥 − 6 = 0 1 −1 −6 −2 3
1) 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 − 12 = 0
2) 2𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 − 5 = 0
3) 2𝑥 2 + 9𝑥 + 10 = 0
4) 2𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 5 = 0
5) 4𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 1 = 0

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Let’s Analyze
Answer the following by doing what is asked.
1) The values of 𝑎, 𝑏, and 𝑐 of a quadratic equation written in standard form are −2, 8, and 3,
respectively. Another quadratic equation has 2, −8, and −3 as the values of 𝑎, 𝑏, and 𝑐,
respectively. Do you think the two equations have the same solutions? Explain your answer.
2) Do you think that quadratic formula is more appropriate in solving for all types of quadratic
equations?
3) Which part of the quadratic formula tells us the nature of the roots of a given quadratic equation?

Let’s Create
I. A. Write QE if the given mathematical sentence is an example of quadratic equation. Otherwise, write
NQE.
1) 2𝑥 2 = 4 2) (𝑥 − 2)(3𝑥 + 1) = 3𝑥(𝑥 − 1)
B. Write the following equations in standard form then write the value of 𝑎, 𝑏, and 𝑐, where 𝑎 > 0.
Given STANDARD 𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
1) 2𝑥 2 = 4
2) 2𝑥 − 5 = 𝑥 2
II. Solve the following equation using the indicated method. In case there is no real solution, write NS.
A. Extracting the square roots.
1) 𝑥 2 = 49 2) 4𝑥 2 + 25 = 0
B. By Factoring
1) 𝑥 2 − 9𝑥 − 10 = 0 2) 4𝑥 2 = 17𝑥 − 4
III. A. Solve the following quadratic equations by using completing the square method.
1) 𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 − 9 = 0 2) 2𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 + 4 = 0
B. Solve for the roots of the following quadratic equations using quadratic formula. In case that the
solutions are not real, write no solution.
1) 𝑥 2 = 196 2) 6𝑥 2 − 11𝑥 + 5 = 0

Let’s Evaluate
I. A. On the space provided before each number, write QE if the given mathematical sentence is an
example of quadratic equation. Otherwise, write NQE.
_____ 1) 2𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 4 = 5 _____ 4) (2𝑥 + 5)(5𝑥 − 2) = 0
_____ 2) (3𝑥 − 1)(2𝑥 + 3) = 0 _____ 5) 4𝑥(1 − 𝑥) = 4𝑥 2 + 1
2 2
_____ 3) 3𝑥 + 5𝑥 − 3 = 3𝑥 + 2
B. Write the following equations in standard form then write the value of 𝑎, 𝑏, and 𝑐, where 𝑎 > 0.
Given STANDARD 𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
1) 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 = 5 − 𝑥
2) 2𝑥(1 − 𝑥) = 10
3) 1 − 3𝑥 − 2𝑥 2 = 3𝑥 2 + 1
4) −𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 1 = 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥
5) 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥(𝑥 − 1) = 5
II. Solve the following equation using the indicated method. In case there is no real solution, write NS.
A. Extracting the square roots.
1) 4𝑥 2 = 0 3) 4𝑥 2 = 25 5) 2(𝑥 + 1)2 + 9 = 0
𝑥2
2) = 25 4) (𝑥 + 5)2 − 25 = 0
4
B. By Factoring
1) 𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 − 14 = 0 3) 9𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 − 2 = 0 5) 14𝑥 2 − 31𝑥 + 15 = 0
2 2
2) 7𝑥 + 13𝑥 − 2 = 0 4) 2𝑥 + 𝑥 = 15
III. A. Solve the following quadratic equations by using completing the square method.
1) 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 − 10 = 0 3) 2𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 1 = 0 5) 4𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 = 2𝑥 + 1
2) 4𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 1 = 0 4) 4𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 = 5
B. Solve for the roots of the following quadratic equations using quadratic formula. In case that the
solutions are not real, write no solution.
1) 𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 − 20 = 0 3) 7𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 − 3 = 0 5) 4𝑥 2 − 7𝑥 + 3 = 0
2 2
2) 2𝑥 − 11𝑥 + 14 = 0 4) 3𝑥 − 2𝑥 − 5 = 0