NAME OF STUDENT: Glesa Jireh B.

Mecua DATE PERFORMED:

GUILD NAME:Diamons
13 October 2021
SCORE
SECTION AND SCHEDULE:
INSTRUCTOR: DR. VICTOR HAFALLA JR.
W 11:00-2:00pm

EXPERIMENT NO. 4
Hypothesis Testing on One- and Two-sample Means
INTRODUCTION
Hypothesis testing is one of the hallmarks of inferential statistics. It is through this procedure where we can
use the utility of statistics in solving real life problems.

A statistical hypothesis is an assertion or conjecture concerning one or more populations. The truth or falsity
of a statistical hypothesis is never known with absolute certainty unless we actually examine the entire population.
Because of this, we usually rely on a sample from the population of interest and use the data from the sample to
provide proof that either supports or contradicts the hypothesis. This procedure is known as hypothesis testing.

Two forms of statistical hypotheses exists: the null hypothesis (denoted by Ho) and the alternative
hypothesis (denoted by Ha). The null hypothesis is the hypothesis to be tested and it represents what the
investigator doubts to be true. On the other hand, the alternative hypothesis is the operational statement of the
theory that the experimenter or researcher believes to be true and wishes to prove.

The rejection of Ho leads to the acceptance of Ha. However, failure to reject Ho does not imply its
acceptance but only merely states that there is insufficient evidence to refute it.

The rejection of the null hypothesis when in fact it is true is called a Type I error. On the other hand, the
acceptance of the null hypothesis when it is false is called a Type II error. The probability of committing a Type I
error is also called the level of significance (α). The probability of committing a Type II error is denoted by β.

Tests of hypotheses could either be one-tailed (also called directional or one-sided) or two-tailed (non-
directional or two-sided). A one-tailed test occurs when the researcher does have a priori expectation about the
parameter he expects to observe. A two-tailed test, on the other hand, is appropriate when the researcher does
not have a priori expectation regarding the value he expects to observe in the sample.

The p-value is the smallest level of significance (α) that would lead to a rejection of Ho. Most statistical
computing software will compute for the p-value in reporting tests of significance. Sometimes these are found under
the heading ‘sig’ or ‘asymp. sig’. If the computed p-value is less than 0.05 then the conclusion is statistically
significant and we reject Ho at the 0.05 level. If it is less than 0.01 then it is highly significant and we also reject Ho
at the 0.01 level. If the p-value is greater than 0.05 then the conclusion is not significant and we fail to reject Ho at
the 0.05 level.

In this laboratory exercise, you will be guided on how to use SPSS in testing means of one and two
samples.
I. LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of this laboratory exercise, the student should be able to test means of one and two samples
using SPSS/other statistics apps and interpret the results. Specifically, the student must have:
● conducted hypothesis testing of one and two sample means using SPSS/other statistics apps; and
● properly interpreted the results and its associated p-value.
II. EQUIPMENT/MATERIALS
The following materials are needed for this laboratory exercise: (3 pts.)
● SPSS
● Microsoft Excel/Word
● Calculator
SCORE: ________

Engineering Data Analysis 1

III. PROCEDURE
a. Encode the following data in the SPSS/statistics software/website data editor. Properly label your data.
Table 1. Electrical Consumption in Fiscal Year 2010
Month Location/Plant Electrical Cost (Php)
January Quezon City 74,126.88
Manila 64,812.98
February Quezon City 81,112.15
Manila 68,340.96
March Quezon City 101,212.69
Manila 88,236.40
April Quezon City 123,520.65
Manila 92,812.15
May Quezon City 145,800.65
Manila 105,900.83
June Quezon City 120,812.55
Manila 95,612.89
July Quezon City 99,220.35
Manila 84,612.94
August Quezon City 105,689.65
Manila 90,345.76
September Quezon City 101,995.68
Manila 88, 612.89
October Quezon City 104,660.84
Manila 91,312.45
November Quezon City 95,781.92
Manila 78,612.45
December Quezon City 90,320.89
Manila 71,314.78

2. Graph the data using two line graphs where the lines represent those of the monthly electrical bills of
Quezon City plant and and those of the Manila plant (X-axis represents the months, Y-axis represents
the electrical costs). Label properly, print and paste below. (4 pts.)
SCORE: ________

Engineering Data Analysis 2

 Figure 1: _______________________________________________________
3. Using SPSS/statistics software/statistics website, test the hypothesis that the Manila plant electrical bill
consumption is on average of at most Php 92, 000.00. Interpret the p-value. Supply the following
manually. Paste the relevant tables from the output of the analysis below.
SCORE: ________
Ho: __µ ≤ Php92, 000.00___ (2 pts.)
Ha: __µ > Php 92, 000.00__ (2 pts.)
Relevant Output from SPSS/statistics software/statistics website (10 pts.)
SCORE: ________

Engineering Data Analysis 3

p-value: ___0.072_____ (2 pts.)
Interpretation: (5 pts.) __p-value is more than 0.05 meaning the null hypothesis (Ho) is accepted, while
alternative hypothesis (Ha) is rejected.
SCORE: _________

4. Test the hypothesis that the Quezon City plant consumes more electricity than the Manila plant by at
least Php 10,000.00. Interpret the p-value. Supply the following manually. Print, cut, and paste the
relevant output/tables from SPSS.
SCORE: ________
Ho: __µ(Quezon City) - µ(Manila) ≤ Php 10,000_________________________________ (2 pts.)
Ha: __ µ(Quezon City) - µ(Manila) > Php 10,000_______________________________ (2 pts.)
Relevant Output from SPSS/statistics software/statistics website (10 pts.)
SCORE: ________

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 p-value: __0.006____________ (2 pts.)
Interpretation: (5 pts.) __p-value is less than 0.05 meaning null hypothesis (Ho) is rejected, while
alternative hypothesis (Ha) is accepted.
SCORE: ________

IV. Troubleshooting/Reflection
1. Based on the results in procedure 2, was there ever a time when the Manila plant had a higher
electrical bill than the Quezon City plant? (2 pts.) None
On which month/s did the two plants have the maximum electricity consumption? (2 pts.) May The
minimum? (2 pts.) January
On which months do we seem to see that the electrical consumption is on an increasing trend? (2 pts.)
January to May Decreasing trend? (2pts.) May To December
SCORE: _________
2. Is there a need for the critical value when the p-value is already given in the SPSS output editor? (2
pts.) There is no need if the p-value is already given

Engineering Data Analysis 5

 SCORE: ________
3. To test a single sample mean with a known value which menu and submenus will you click? (4 pts.)
Analyze Menu-submenu Compare Means-One sample T-Test
SCORE: ________
4. To compare between two sample means, which menu and submenus will you click? (2 pts.)
Analyze Menu- Submenu Compare Means – Independent Sample T-Test
SCORE: ________
V. QUESTIONS
1. What is the significance of graphing the data first before doing the actual hypothesis testing procedure?
(10 pts.)
The significance of graphing the data first is to detect possible errors in the data for
examples are the misplaced decimal points , wrong column in a data and more. To avoid or
lessen the errors graph the data first.
SCORE: ________
2. Is it possible to do hypothesis testing comparing three (3) sample means using SPSS/statistical
software/website? (5 pts.) Yes.
SCORE: ________
RATING SHEET

5 3 1 RATING

Accumulated Points /82

Initiates the Sometimes observe the Allows the group

performance of the group members to members to
laboratory activity. perform the laboratory complete the
activity. laboratory activity.
Group Interaction /5
Discusses with group
members Sometimes discuss with Does not interact
group members with group
members
Follows and interprets Follows the procedure Does not follow the
the procedure to and asks questions to procedure and asks
Data collection /5
collect data collect data questions to collect
data
All data can be easily Some data are hardly The data cannot be
Data Presentation understood and understood and understood and /5
interpreted interpreted interpreted
TOTAL SCORE /97

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