NAME OF STUDENT: DATE PERFORMED:

GUILD NAME:

SCORE
SECTION AND SCHEDULE:
INSTRUCTOR: DR. VICTOR HAFALLA JR.

EXPERIMENT NO. 3
Probability
INTRODUCTION
The basis of statistical analysis is from probability which started in the exchange of letters between Pierre de
Fermat and Blaise Pascal to address the problem of points. In this exercise you will learn to apply probability in
solving problems.
I. LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of this laboratory exercise, the student will be able to solve problems using probability.
Specifically, the student must have:
 understood the problem and applied the different probability theorems to solve them; and
 made venn diagrams and tree diagrams.
II. EQUIPMENT/MATERIALS
The following materials are needed for this laboratory exercise: (3 pts.)
 Coin
 Online Survey Questionaire
 Writing Implements
SCORE: ________
III. PROCEDURE
1. Select three students. Each will get a fair coin. (fair means it is a coin without imperfection). Toss it for 50,
100 and 200 times. Record the number of tails and heads that come up. (15 pts.). DO NOT WRITE
ANYTHING ON THE SCORE AREAS AND THE RATING SHEET.
SCORE: ________
Table 1. Comparison of Probability of heads in 50, 100 and 200 tosses of fair coin by STUDENT 1
No. of Tosses Frequency of heads Frequency of tails Probability of head (n/N, in
(N) (n) %)
50 22 28 44%
100 60 40 60%
200 110 90 55%
Using probability theory, what is the actual probability of getting a head in a single toss of a coin? (2 pts.).
- In Probability Theory the actual probability of getting head in a single toss of a coin is 50%
Is the probability value approximated in the output of the experiment by the three students above? (2 pts.)
- Yes
SCORE: ________

Engineering Data Analysis 1

2. You are to determine the number of possibilities of having a lunch in an eat-all-you-can buffet with the
following menu. Make a tree diagram to illustrate the possible outcomes. (5 pts.)

Eat-all-you-can Buffet Menu

Carbohydrates Drinks Meat Vegetables Desert

Fried Rice Iced Tea Grilled Pork Chopsuey Leche Flan
Plain Rice Coffee Grilled Chicken Macaroons
Fried Fish

SCORE: ________

Figure 1. Tree Diagram of the Eat-all-you-can Buffet

By using the tree diagram in the previous page, what is the probability that you will have plain rice, grilled
pork and leche flan in your food plate? (5 pts.)
Solution:
SCORE: ________

Engineering Data Analysis 2

3. Based on the questions in the table below, interview 16 students on their consumer practices when they are
shopping in the grocery store. Mark 1 if they answered YES and 0 if NO.
SCORE: ________
Tabulate your results. (10 pts.)
Case No. Q1: I read labels and Q2: I compare Q3: I look for Filipino- Q4: I don’t
nutrition information of prices of the same made alternative of the practice any of
the goods I buy. goods. goods I want to buy. these.
1 1 1 1 0
2 1 1 1 0
3 1 1 1 0
4 1 1 1 0
5 1 1 1 1
6 1 1 1 0
7 1 1 1 0
8 0 1 1 0
9 0 1 0 0
10 1 1 1 0
11 0 1 0 0
12 0 1 0 0
13 1 1 1 0
14 1 0 1 0
15 0 1 0 1
16 1 1 0 0
TOTAL 11 15 11 2
FREQUENCIE
S OF “1”

Using frequency counts for questions 1 to 4, construct a Venn Diagram illustrating the intersection of the
frequencies (note that Q1-Q3 represents the three circles and Q4 is outside of these circles) then answer the
questions below. (5 pts.)
SCORE: _________

Q4
2
Q1
1 1
8

Q2 1
Q3
3

Engineering Data Analysis 3

 From the Venn diagram above, how many among your classmates do not practice any of these consumer
practices? (2 pts.) 2 . . What is the probability that the student selected read labels and nutrition
information of the goods and compare prices of the same goods? ( 2 pts.) 10/16= 0.625 or 62.5%
Given that the student already compare prices of the same goods, what is the probability that he reads
labels and nutrition information of the goods he bought? (2 pts.) 10/15= 0.6666 or 66.66%
SCORE: ________

4. A manager will select a committee of five from his staff of 6 men (M) and 8 women (W). He writes their
names on separate identical pieces of paper, puts the papers in a bowl, and then blindly picks a sequence of
four papers from the bowl. Find the probability that he picks three women.
Solutions: (10 pts).
SCORE: _________

5. Suppose you throw a pair of dice. What is the probability that (a) the product of the numbers that come up
is six? (b) the product of the numbers is greater than six?
Solutions: (10 pts).
SCORE: _________
A) (1,6), (1,6), (2,3), (3,2)=4
Probability = 4/36
Probability = 1/9 or 0.11111
B) (2,4), (4,2), (2,5), (5,2), (3,4), (4,3), (3,3), (3,6), (6,3), (2,6), (6,2), (3,5), (5,3),
(4,4), (4,5), (5,4), (5,5), (4,6) (6,4), (6,6), (5,6), (6,5) = 22
Probability = 22/36
Probability = 0.61111

Engineering Data Analysis 4

6. In a multiple choice test with four choices for each of the 20 questions, what is the probability of getting a
passing score (14 or more points)?
Solutions: (5 pts).
SCORE: _________

(N=20 , S=14, p= 0.25, q=0.75)

P(20!/6!*14!)*((0.25)^14)*((0.75)^6)
Probability = 0.00002569872 %

7. An urn contains 6 red balls, 2 white balls and 2 black balls. You draw two balls at random. What is the
probability that (a) one of the balls is red? (b) two balls are of the same color?
Solutions: (10 pts.)
SCORE: _________

RW= 3/5 +1/5 =4/5 WW= 1/5+1/5=2/5

RB = 3/5 + 1/5 =4/5 BB= 1/5+1/5 = 2/5
RR= 3/5+3/5 =6/5

A) A = (RR,RW,RB)
Pr(A) = 4/5+4/5+6/5 = 14/5 or 2.8%

B) B = (RR,WW,BB)
Pr(B) = 6/5 + 2/5 + 2/5 = 2%

8. Suppose that four girls and five boys are to sit in a row of chairs. What is the probability that (a) girls are
together? (b) boys and girls alternate in their seats?
Solutions: (10 pts.)
SCORE: _________

A) GGGGBBBBB, BGGGGBBBB, BBGGGGBBB, BBBGGGGBB, BBBBGGGGB,

BBBBBGGGG
PROBABILITY = 6 * 4! * 5!
PROBABILITY = 17280 WAYS
B) BGBGBGBGB
PROBABILITY = 5! * 4! = 2880 WAYS

Engineering Data Analysis 5

IV. Troubleshooting/Reflection
1. What famous theorem is depicted in exercise 1? State the theorem. (5 pts.)
Probability Theory- A branch of mathematics concerned with the analysis of random
phenomena.

SCORE: _______

2. When do we use a tree diagram and when do we use a Venn diagram? (5 pts.)
A tree diagram is simply a way of representing a sequence of events. Tree diagrams are
particularly useful in probability since they calculate the number and record all possible outcomes
of an event or problem in a clear and organized way.

A Venn diagram is an illustration that uses circles used to compare and contrast two or more
objects, events, people, or concepts. It is often used in language arts and math classes to
organize differences and similarities. Circles that overlap have a commonality while circles that do
not overlap do not share those traits.

SCORE: _______

V. QUESTION
Write a reaction on Pierre Marquis de Laplace’s, “The most important questions in life, are, for the most
part, only really problems of probability”. (10 pts.)
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SCORE: __________

Engineering Data Analysis 6

 RATING SHEET

5 3 1 RATING

Accumulated Points /118

Initiates the Sometimes observe the Allows the group

performance of the group members to members to
laboratory activity. perform the laboratory complete the
activity. laboratory activity.
Group Interaction /5
Discusses with group
members Sometimes discuss with Does not interact
group members with group
members
Follows and interprets Follows the procedure Does not follow the
the procedure to and asks questions to procedure and asks
Data collection /5
collect data collect data questions to collect
data
All data can be easily Some data are hardly The data cannot be
Data Presentation understood and understood and understood and /5
interpreted interpreted interpreted
TOTAL SCORE /133

Engineering Data Analysis 7