International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 08 Issue: 04 | Apr 2021 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

Design and Analysis of underground water tank by using Staad Pro

Komal K Wagh1, Akshay K Ghuge2, Deepak N Gaidhane3, Gajendra R Gandhe4
1, 2M.Tech Student, Department of Civil Engineering, DIEMS Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India
3Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, DIEMS Aurangabad Maharashtra, India
4Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, DIEMS Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India

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Abstract - Water tank is a structure used to store water level. So the roof slab of the underground tank should have
for supplying to households as drinking purpose, for enough strength to with stand the surcharge.
industries as a coolant and irrigational water for
1.1 Importance of Underground Water Tank
agricultural farming in some areas. Water tanks are
a) Seepage
classified on bases of their shapes and position of structure. It is very important to store water and not to lose it. The
In this paper, we had discussed about the design of tank should have a durable, watertight, opaque exterior
underground water tank of Rectangular shape are Designed and a clean, smooth interior. Below ground tanks must
and analysed using Staad pro. Underground water tank also be plastered well and correctly installed, otherwise
faces different type of loads compared to other structures, they can collapse.
they mainly face horizontal or lateral loads due to earth b) Evaporation
All storage tanks should have a roof made from locally
pressure and water pressure or any liquid pressure which is
available materials. A tight fitting top cover prevents
been stored in the tank. The side walls of the underground evaporation.
water tank will face greater load at the bottom and the load C) Safety
linearly decreases towards the top. We should prevent mosquito breeding and keeps insects,
rodents, birds and children out of the tank. A suitable
Key Words: water tanks, structural design and analysis, overflow outlet(s) and access for cleaning are also
loading applications, plates stress contouring’s. important.
d) Storage of water
1. INTRODUCTION It is very imperative for all tanks to store water because
Underground water tanks are structures which act as a the main process of the tank is to store water due to lack
reservoir for small domestic or commercial buildings. of running fresh water in all areas.
e) Emergency
Basic components of underground water tanks are Base
Underground tanks are used as reservoirs where water is
slab, Side walls, and Roof slab. Tanks are very ductile, pumped to overhead tanks. When water is not available it
enabling to withstand seismic forces and varying water will help us store and use water.
backfill. Tanks utilize material efficiently – steel in tension,
concrete in compression. Underground water tanks have 1.2 Different Types of Water Tanks
Low maintenance throughout the life as these are built
with concrete, durable material that never corrodes and 1.2.1 Depending On Its Location
does not require coatings when in contact with water or
a) Resting On Ground
the environment. The main advantage of underground
 Deals with normal pressure of gravity and
water tank is that the temperature is lower than the
corresponding outward pressure of water stored
overhead tanks, which will reduce evaporation inside in water tank (Internal hydrostatic pressure).
water tank.Underground water tank faces different type of  Pipes can be attached directly for irrigation
loads compared to other structures, they mainly face purpose.
horizontal or lateral loads due to earth pressure and water  Pumps can be attached depending on the usage.
pressure or any liquid pressure which is been stored in the  It is more economical than other type of tanks.
tank. The side walls of the underground water tank will  No need for excavation.
face greater load at the bottom and the load linearly
b) Overhead
decreases towards the top.
 The water pressure to all the processes being
supplied is held at a relatively constant level.
The underground water tank not only faces loads inside
 In power failure or pump failure pressure remains
the tank it also has to bear the surcharge above the ground constant.

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 At work any pipe can be taken for maintenance. If altogether can be a difficult thing to do these days. With a
all the pumps are failed water pressure will be steel based tank, seriously consider the composition of the
still for fire suppression and other critical needs. water you are storing and its potential to accelerate
 Gravity plays an important role for the flow of corrosion in any exposed metals.
water. c) Fiber Glass: Fiber glass, this is another long-lasting
 Columns are provided for the support of tank. option that can be installed above or below ground.
Fiberglass tanks resist corrosion and are not generally
c) Underground affected by chemicals. As fiberglass tanks tend to allow
 Used as water reservoir for irrigation purpose. more light in than other types of tank materials, this can
 Used for rainwater harvesting. encourage the growth of algae, so they should be painted.
 Difficulty in installation. Fiberglass can also tend to be brittle, leaving it prone to
 It is protected from animals in forest areas. cracks - something you don't want, particularly in an in-
 Pumps are needed for supply of water. ground situation.
 Expensive compared to tanks resting on the
ground. d) Concrete Tank: Concrete water storage tanks can be
built above grade or mostly hidden from view. They are
 In case of fire the water will be safe underground.
built on site because of the material’s weight. Concrete is a
porous material and needs to be sealed to prevent
1.2.2 Based On Material
minerals leaching into the water. With proper sealing and
a) Plastic Tank: Poly (plastic) water tanks are made from
construction techniques, this is can be addressed. Mining
polyethylene; a UV stabilized food grade plastic. The tanks
production and delivery of concrete is energy intensive.
are light, you only need a sand base to place them on, and
The advantage is achieved by its long life and its ability to
they come in a wide variety of colures and have a long
be simply recycled. Choosing a tank material Choice is
serviceable life. Many poly tanks carrying a 25 year
wonderful, but as you can see, there are advantages and
warranty, although many claim 15 years is a very realistic
disadvantages with each type of tank, particularly when it
lifespan. They are also usually the second cheapest. One of
comes to environmental impact - so it's really a matter of
the major disadvantages of polyethylene is the material is
gagging your needs and budget and then choosing the
made from petrochemicals. Even after their serviceable
lesser of the evils. In regards to the financial side of things,
life has ended, there's still a great big hunk of plastic that
bear in mind not just the initial cost, but how many times
will take generations to break down and will release
the tank will need replacing over X years. This also plays a
toxins as it does so. However, polyethylene tanks can still
role in the Concrete tanks have been used in rural areas
be easily recycled after 15 years, so it's just a matter of
for many years but are becoming more common in the
breaking the tank up and then carting it away rather than
city, particularly pre-cast underground concrete tanks that
trying to squeeze a few more years out of one. Some poly
can be placed under driveways or front and back yards.
tanks are made with a vertical seam - this is a weak point
The advantage of underground concrete tanks is that they
that may cause splitting and subsequent water loss.
can collect large volumes of water in properties tight for
Polyethylene water tanks and fire don't really mix either -
space that could not otherwise accommodate above-
they'll just melt. This can be a real problem if you're in a
ground tanks. Houses with small gardens still consume
rural area and you need that water to fight a fire. The
large volumes of water internally through laundries,
other issue is the long term effects of drinking water
toilets and showers and could benefit from using
stored for such a long time in this material. Polyethylene
underground concrete tanks for 'whole of house' water
tanks are relatively new on the market, it is not known if
supply.
there are any credible serviceable life studies that have
been done in relation to these issues. Some people do note 2. DESIGN OF UNDERGROUND WATER TANK
a bit of an odd taste to the water if the tank is placed in full
sun. Just on that point - before purchasing a poly tank,
2.1 Design steps are involving:
check the warranty for temperature stipulations as some
1. Stability
manufacturers will void the warranty if conditions where
a. Uplift Check
the tank is installed can get extremely hot.
b. Check of Stresses on Soil
b) Steel Tanks: Steel tanks Galvanized tanks have been 2. Strength
around for over 150 years and are usually the cheapest a. Design of Critical Sections.
type of tank. Hot-dip galvanizing is a process used to coat
steel or iron with zinc. The Zinc helps slow down
corrosion, but depending on environmental factors, a
galvanized tank may last well under 5 years. This is due to
electrolysis. Some metal tanks now also have polyethylene
linings to further help retard corrosion - escaping plastic

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 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 08 Issue: 04 | Apr 2021 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

Fig -1: Sketches Show the results when tank empty Fig -4: 3D Rendering view of Tank

3.2 Creating Surface Plate

Using the plat cursor select all 4 bottom point to create the
surface plate.

Fig -2: Sketches Show the results when tank is full

3. MODELING AND ANALYSIS

Table -1: Structural Configuration Fig -5: Define the Property of Surface Plate
Sr.no Parameter Size
1 Capacity of water tank 200m3
2 Shape of water tank Rectangular
3 Unit weight of soil 34.93 KN/m3
4 Angle of internal friction (φ) 37°
5 Bearing capacity of soil 230 KN/m2
6 Free board 0.25 m
7 Size of Tank 10x5x4.25 m
8 Grade of concrete M25

3.1 Creating Model Fig -6: Define the thickness of Plate

The Model is generated based on the dimensions of the
tank.

Fig -7:3D View of Tank with Thickness

3.3 Assigning of Support

Fig -3: 3D Model of Tank Selecting the support button the Fix Support is created and
assign to 4 Corner of Structure.

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 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 08 Issue: 04 | Apr 2021 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

Fig -8: Support Assigning

Fig -12: Define Material and IS Code
3.4 Creating and Assigning of Load on Structure
Selecting the load and definition button the load is created. 4. CALCULATION AND DESIGN RESULTS
4.1 Stress Contour

Fig -9: Load Creating and Assigning

Fig -13: Stress Due to Dead Load

Fig -10: Water Pressure on side wall as well as at base

Fig -14: Stress Due to live Load

Fig -11: Soil Pressure on Side Wall

3.5 Material Confirmation and IS Code

Confirming the Material as Concrete and selection of is Fig -15: Stress Due to Soil Pressure
code IS456 for Tank designing

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 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 08 Issue: 04 | Apr 2021 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

4.2 Deflection 4.3 Support Reaction and Bending Moment

Table -2: Structural Configuration

Fig -16: Deflection Due to Dead Load

4.3 Statical Check Result

Table -3: Structural Configuration

Fig -17: Deflection Due to Live Load

5. Area of steel

Table -4: Steel Required at Base Slab

DESCRIPTION STAAD RESULT
Total Steel 2195 MM2
Steel On Each Face 1097 MM2
Fig -18: Deflection Due to Soil Pressure
Table -5: Steel Required In Side Wall
DESCRIPTION STAAD RESULT
Total Steel 3368 MM2

6. CONCLUSIONS

 The project was aimed on the analysis and design

of underground water tank.
 It was analysis using STADD.PRO using generic
loading which proved to be premium software of
great potential in analysis and design sections of
Fig -19: Deflection Due to All Load construction industry.
 The analysis and design were done according to
standard specifications.

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 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 08 Issue: 04 | Apr 2021 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

 Used IS-456:2000 & SP-16, for the design of the Applied Sciences, November 2014, Volume 2 Issue
STRUCTURAL MEMBERS. i.e., followed the LIMIT 6, ISSN 2349-4476.
STATE method. 9. Dr. H. K. Sharma, V. P. Singh, Satpal Sharma,“Some
 Materials used are M20 grade concrete and Fe Aspects of Computer Aided Design of
415 steel unless mentioned in the particular Underground Water Tanks”,2nd IASME / WSEAS
design elements. International Conference on GEOLOGY and
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compare with manual design also. 23-25, 2008.
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