Detailed Lesson Plan

in
SCIENCE 10

I – OBJECTIVE
A. Learning Competency:
Explain how mutations may cause changes in the structure and function of a protein. (S10LT-IIIe-38)
B. Unpacked Competency:
At the end of the lesson, the learners are expected to:

 Explain the mechanisms that can change the structure and function of a protein

II- SUBJECT MATTER

A. Topic: MUTATIONS CAUSE CHANGES IN THE STRUCTURE & FUNCTION OF A
PROTEIN
B. References: Science-Grade 10, Quarter 3-Module 5, Mutations Cause Changes in the Structure &
Function of a Protein
C. Materials: Laptop Computer, Visual Aids
III- PROCEDURES
TEACHER’S ACTIVITY PUPILS’ ACTIVITY
A. ENGAGEMENT

1. Greetings and Prayer

Good afternoon class!

Before we start, let us have a prayer. Tony, kindly Good afternoon Ma'am!
lead the prayer.
In the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the
Holy Spirit. Amen. Lord…………

Thank you, Tony.

Before you take your seats, kindly pick up all those
pieces of papers under your chairs, and throw them in
the trash, then arrange your chair and sit down
(students follow the instructions of the teacher)
properly.

2. Checking of Attendance
Teacher will check the attendance

PREPRARATORY ACTIVITIES
Before we start our new lesson, let us have a short
review of your topic last meeting.

Let us answer the questions you may see on the board.

Morse Type

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Directions: Choose your answer from the given
choices below. Use a separate sheet of
paper for your answers.
A– If the item is related to
transcription
B– If the item is related to
translation
C – If the item is related to both ANSWER
transcription and translation 1. A
D – If the item is not related to 2. C
transcription nor to translation 3. A
4. A
5. B
1. RNA polymerase
6. D
2. genetic materials are involved 7. D
3. happens in the nucleus 8. B
4. helicase is involved 9. C
5. occurs in the ribosome 10. B
6. copying of DNA during interphase
7. production of two identical DNA
8. protein synthesis
9. the central dogma
10. tRNA (carrying amino acids)

B. EXPLAIN

LESSON PROPER
1. Introduction of the lesson
Our lesson for today is just the continuation of our
topic yesterday, we are going to tackle the
Mechanisms that can Change the Structure and
Function of a Protein

Mechanisms that can Change the Structure

and Function of a Protein

Point mutation is a small (but significant)

change often in a single nucleotide base.

There is a modification of one or a small

number of base pairs. There could also be a larger
DNA sequence deletions, additions or rearrangements
also occur.
Original: A U G A A G C C G A G U C A U
Point Mutation: A U G A A G C G G A G U C A
U

*Cytosine is replaced by Guanine

Figure 11. PointMutation due to Substitution

Original: Methionine Lysine Proline Serine

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 Histidine
Point Mutation: Methionine Lysine Arginine
Serine Histidine

*Proline becomes Arginine due to substitution

Figure 12. Point Mutation: Difference in Protein due
to Substitution

Frameshift mutation results from either

addition or deletion of one or two nucleotide bases.
When this occurs the "reading frame" is changed so
that all the codons read after the mutation are
incorrect, even though the bases themselves may be
still present.

A. Frameshift Mutation due to Deletion

There is an incomplete codon due to deletion of
Cytosine.
Original: A U G A A G C C G A G U C A U
Frameshift: A U G A A G C G A G U C A U

* Frameshift due to deletion of Cytosine

Figure 13. Frameshift due to Deletion

Protein Translation
Original: Methionine Lysine Proline Serine
Histidine
Frameshift: Methionine Lysine Arginine Valine
Incomplete codon

* Change in translation caused by frameshift

due to deletion of Cytosine
Figure 14. Change in Translation Caused by
Frameshift due to Deletion

B. Frameshift Mutation due to Insertion

Original: A U G A A G C C G A G U C A U
Frameshift: A U G A A G C C U G A G U C A U

* The excess base is due to insertion of Uracil

Figure 15. Frameshift due to Insertion

Protein Translation
Original: Methionine Lysine Proline Serine
Histidine

Frameshift: Methionine Lysine Proline Glutamic

Acid Serine

* Change in translation caused by frameshift due

to insertion of Uracil
Figure 16. Change in Translation Caused by
Frameshift due to Insertion ANSWER
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 1. True
C. EXPLORATION 2. False
Now let us have an activity regarding the topic. 3. True
4. True
Directions: Read and analyze each statement. Write 5. False
True if the statement is correct, if not write False. Use
a separate sheet of paper for your answers.

1. Duplication of a base pair can result to frameshift.

2. Grouping of bases is changed in point mutation so

all the codons read after the mutation are incorrect.

3. Point mutation is small but significant change often

in a single nucleotide base.

4. The addition or deletion of one or two nucleotide

bases can result to frameshift mutation.

5. When a fragment of a sequence is inverted

frameshift mutation may occur.

D. ELABORATION

 The process of converting the information in

messenger RNA into a sequence of amino
acids that make a protein is known as
translation.
 The role of transfer RNA (tRNA) is to bring
the amino acids in the cytoplasm to the
ribosomes to make proteins.
 A mutation is a change in the base sequence of
DNA. Mutations may affect only one gene, or
they may affect whole chromosomes.
 Mutations in eggs or sperm may affect future
generations by transmitting these changes in
the offspring. Mutations in non-sex (somatic)
cells only are not hereditary.
 When DNA from two different species are
joined together, it is called recombinant
DNA.

E. EVALUATION

Directions: Read the question for each item carefully.

Choose the letter of the correct answer.
Use a separate sheet of paper for your
answers.

1. Which of the following is not true about

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 mutation?
a. It can cause diseases. c. Mutation always
leads to death. ANSWER
b. Offsprings can inherit mutation. d. Almost
all mutations are neutral. 1. C
2. What do you call external environmental factors 2. A
such as exposure to toxic chemicals or to harmful 3. B
radiation, and infections that can cause mutation? 4. C
a. mutagens b. mutagenesis c. mutants d. 5. B
mutators 6. B
3. Which of the following effects of mutation may 7. C
harm an organism? 8. D
a. adaptation b. diseases c. evolution d. 9. D
survival 10. C
4. Which of the following best explains if mutation
happens in the gametes?
a. The mutation is only temporary.
b. It is not passed on to offsprings.
c. The changes affect the sperm or ovum.
d. It may cause cancer and other diseases.
5. If the mutation occurs in body cells, which of the
following will most likely happen?
a. This may cause birth defects.
b. It may cause cancer and other diseases.
c. The mutation may be passed on to
offspring.
d. The mutated gene becomes a part of the
genetic makeup of the offspring.
6. Which of the following best describes gene
mutation?
a. It occurs during the meiosis.
b. Cell cycle triggers its occurrence.
c. The structure of a chromosome changes.
d. The permanent modification of the DNA
sequence.
7. Which of the following processes can
nondisjunction occur in gametes?
a. birth b. fertilization c. meiosis d.
mitosis
8. Which of the following types of mutation
involves the movement of fragments from two
nonhomologous chromosomes?
a. deletion b. inversion c.substitution d.
translocation
9. How can frameshift mutation change the structure
and function of a protein?
a. It prevents protein translation.
b. Its effects are hardly noticeable.
c. It removes a fragment of a chromosome.
d. It changes the reading structure of the
codons.
10. Which of the following type of mutation may
result to point mutation?

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 a. insertion b. nondisjunction c.
substitution d. translocation

IV- ASSIGNMENT (Using MS PowerPoint)

Directions: Create a poster that will show the harmful and beneficial effects of mutations. Use a
separate sheet of paper for your output.

Prepared by:

SHIELA MAE F. TUIBEO

Student Teacher

BERNADETTE R. CAPA
Science Teacher

Checked by:

MERVIN G. LUCAS
Head Teacher III, Science Department

LUISITO V. DE GUZMAN Ph.D

School Principal IV

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