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Fluid Mech. EFM Assignment 2 (Answers)

This document contains the solutions to 6 questions regarding fluid mechanics. Question 1 applies Bernoulli's equation and momentum equations to calculate pressure, drag, and angle of impact for flow through a converging section. Question 2 uses Bernoulli's equation to calculate pressure at the inlet of a pipe given flow properties. Question 3 applies energy and power equations to calculate head loss for flow through a pipe. The remaining questions apply continuity, Bernoulli's, and friction factor equations to analyze additional flow scenarios and pipe networks. Key assumptions and properties like density and viscosity are provided to fully solve the problems.

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67 views4 pages

Fluid Mech. EFM Assignment 2 (Answers)

This document contains the solutions to 6 questions regarding fluid mechanics. Question 1 applies Bernoulli's equation and momentum equations to calculate pressure, drag, and angle of impact for flow through a converging section. Question 2 uses Bernoulli's equation to calculate pressure at the inlet of a pipe given flow properties. Question 3 applies energy and power equations to calculate head loss for flow through a pipe. The remaining questions apply continuity, Bernoulli's, and friction factor equations to analyze additional flow scenarios and pipe networks. Key assumptions and properties like density and viscosity are provided to fully solve the problems.

Uploaded by

Tik Hon
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Environmental Fluid Mechanics

Assignment 2

Question 1

Solution:
Applying Bernoulli’s equation between point 1 and point 2 gives:

P 2 P 1 V 21 V 22
= + − ….....(1)
ρ g ρg 2g 2 g

Q 0.12
V1  = = 0.61 m/s
A1  (0.52 ) / 4
Q 0.12
V2  = = 2.44 m/s
A2  (0.252 ) / 4

From Eq. (1), P 2=27.6kPa

Applying momentum equation in the x-direction gives:


F 1− F 2 cos 45− R x =ρ Q (V 2 cos 45−V 1)
R x =4798 N
Applying momentum equation in the y-direction:
F 2 sin 45− R y =ρ Q (−V 2 sin 45−0)
R y =1165 N

R=( R 2x +R 2y )1/ 2
R=4937N

θ=tan−1
( )
Ry
Rx
o
θ=13.6

Question 2

Applying Bernoulli’s equation between the water surface in the tank and the pipe outlet:

P 1 V 12 P 2 V 22
Z 1+ + =Z 2+ +
ρg 2g ρg 2g

P 1= [
V 22
2g
−Z 1 ρ g ]
Q =V 2 A 2

P 1=
[ 8Q 2
g π 2 D 42 ]
−Z 1 ρ g

P 1=22,446 Pa .

Question 3
Applying power equation to give:
Q γ H p=7×103 W
0.714
H p= m
Q
The volumetric flow flow rate is:
Q=VA=0.0176 V m3 / s

Applying energy equation between point 1 (water surface at reservior A) and point 2 (water surface
at reservior B) gives:
P1 +V 21 P2 V 22
+Z 1 + + H p= + Z 2+ +h L
ρg 2g ρg 2g
Q=0.0335 m3 / s

Therefore, H p =21.31 m
V =1.896 m/ s
V2
=0.183 m .
2g
Question 4
Applying Bernoulli’s equation at Point 1 and 2:
2 2
P1 +V 1 P V
+Z 1 + + H p= 2 + Z 2 + 2 +h L12
ρg 2g ρg 2g
V =3.62 m/ s
D 2 3.1416  0.2 2
Q  VA  V  3.62   0.0087 m 3 / s.
4 4

Applying Bernoulli’s equation at Point 1 and 3:


P1 +V 21 P V2
+Z 1 + + H p= 3 + Z 3+ 3 +h L13
ρg 2g ρg 2g
h L13=0.89 m

Question 5
Assumptions: (1) Flow is steady; (2) fluid is incompressible; (3) the wind tunnel surface is smooth;
(4) no disturbance in the free stream flow. (any two)
At temperature T = 20 oC, air density () is 1.204 kg/m3 and kinematic viscosity () is 1.516 × 10-5
m2/s.
VL
Reynolds number Re x = ν
(5 m/ s)(1.2m)
Re x =
1.516×10−5
5 5
Re x =3.96×10 < Re x ,cr =5×10 engineering critical Reynolds number for transition to a
turbulent boundary layer. The boundary layer is laminar.
0.664 0.664
Local shear stress coefficient for laminar boundary layer: c f = 1/ 2
= =0.001
( Re x ) (3.96×105 )1/ 2

Question 6
k s 0.08
= =0.000533
D 1 150
k s 0.08
= =0.00032
D 2 250
Q 0.15
V 1= = =8.5 m/ s
A1 (π×0.152 )/ 4
Q 0.15
V 2= = =3.1 m/ s
A 2 (π×0.252 )/ 4

Reynolds number:
V 1 D1
Re 1= ν =1275000
V D
Re 2 = 2ν 2 =775000
Friction factor from Moody diagram:
f 1=0.0172 and f 2=0.0158

From energy equation: H = z1 − z 2=∑ h L


V 12 L1 V 12 (V 1−V 2 )2 L 2 V 22 V 22
H =Ki +f1 + +f2 +K o
2g D1 2 g 2g D2 2 g 2g
H =43.77 m .

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