Chapter 2

Methodology

This chapter will discuss the research design, the role of the researcher,
research participants, data collection, data analysis, trustworthiness and ethical
considerations of the study to describe

Research Design

In this study, we will make use of the qualitative multiple case study to
portray the athlete’s foot. Qualitative research is particularly useful for exploring,
beliefs, and perspectives of individuals, as well as understanding the context in
which these experiences occurs. With the use of the design, we will be able to
gain deeper understanding of the impact of athlete’s foot on individuals’ lives and
develop more effective strategies for prevention and treatment.
Qualitative research is a type of research that seeks to understand the
subjective experiences and perspectives of individuals, groups, or communities.
According to Charmaz, qualitative research is "a process of exploring and
understanding the meaning people attach to their experiences" (2014, p. 5).
Qualitative research typically involves collecting data through methods such as
interviews, focus groups, and observations, and analyzing that data using
techniques such as coding and thematic analysis. One strength of qualitative
research is its ability to provide rich, detailed, and nuanced insights into complex
phenomena. As Braun and Clarke note, qualitative research can "provide a deep
understanding of people's experiences and perspectives that is often not possible
with quantitative methods" (2013, p. 77). However, a weakness of qualitative
research is that it may lack generalizability to larger populations due to the small
sample sizes often used and the context-specific nature of the findings.
Additionally, qualitative research may be subject to researcher bias and
subjectivity in interpretation, which can affect the validity and reliability of the
findings.
The qualitative case study research design is a popular approach for
exploring complex phenomena in their natural context. According to Yin (2014),
case study research design involves the investigation of a bounded system over
time through multiple sources of data collection, such as interviews,
observations, and documents. The nature of the case study research design is
holistic and seeks to understand the complexity of the phenomenon under study.
The strength of case study research design lies in its ability to provide a detailed,
contextualized account of the phenomenon, allowing for the generation of new
insights and theory development. Furthermore, the case study research design
can be useful for exploring rare or unique cases that are difficult to study through
other research designs. However, a weakness of case study research design is
the potential for researcher bias and the difficulty in generalizing findings beyond
the specific case. Additionally, the process of data collection and analysis in case
study research design can be time-consuming and resource-intensive. Despite
these limitations, the case study research design remains a valuable approach
for qualitative research.
Research Participants
The research participants in this study are the fish market vendors of the
province of Surigao Del Sur especially in the Mangagoy, Bislig City. Five (5)
cases are selected based on the premise of Creswell (2013) that in a multiple
case there should be at least 5 participants.

Case Unit 1.
Case Unit 2.
Case Unit 3.
Case Unit 4.
Case Unit 5.
Data Collection
We will start the data collection process upon receiving approval from the
school of Andres Soriano College of Bislig. Considering that the pandemic is
already over. We will conduct a face-to-face interview.
We will interview participants in-depth, focusing on the mangagoy, Bislig
City fish market vendors in the province of Surigao del Sur. An interview gives
you the chance to evaluate a possible employee's background, abilities, and
experience. During the meeting, we will make an effort to listen attentively when
gathering data, asking open-ended questions and following up on responses to
learn more specific details. The researcher should also be conscious of their own
presumptions and biases and work to reduce how much of an impact they have
on the data. It is critical to adopt defined processes for data collecting, such as
interview guides or observation checklists, to ensure consistency and reliability.
As stated by Creswell and Poth (2018), the researcher should strive to be
reflexive and self-aware during data collection, acknowledging their own biases
and assumptions and striving to minimize their influence on the data.
Data Analysis
We, the researchers, will gather all pertinent information throughout the
study in order to better understand the phenomenon being studied. This
information will include interview recordings, as well as other written reports. The
data will then be interpreted to provide insights and understanding of tinea pedis,
confirmed, and eventually provided in a clear and straightforward manner to
provide insights and understanding of tinea pedis. The data analysis procedure
includes transcription, coding and categorization of data, thematic analysis, and
cross-case analysis. Therefore, by following this process, researchers can
generate reliable and valid insights that can inform the development of effective
interventions and treatments for tinea pedis.
According to Miles, Huberman, and Saldana (2014), qualitative data
analysis is a process of examining non-numerical data to identify patterns,
themes, and relationships. The authors propose a framework for qualitative data
analysis that includes several stages, including data reduction, data display, and
conclusion drawing/verification. In the data reduction stage, researchers use
techniques such as coding, categorizing, and summarizing to identify key
concepts and themes in the data. In the data display stage, researchers use
visual representations, such as charts, tables, and diagrams, to explore and
present the data. In the conclusion drawing/verification stage, researchers draw
inferences from the data, develop explanations, and verify their findings through
triangulation and member checking. The authors emphasize that qualitative data
analysis is a fluid and iterative process that requires continuous data gathering,
analysis, and interpretation. Overall, qualitative data analysis is an effective tool
for investigating complicated social phenomena and producing rich, in-depth
accounts of human experiences and behaviors.
Transcription.
Role of the researcher
As interviewers and observers, our roles as researchers will enable us to
relate to the participants on a personal and unbiased level while we engage with
the research's goal, subject, and procedures. According to Denzin and Lincoln
(2018), the researcher in a qualitative study is responsible for creating a deep
understanding of the research phenomenon. We, the researchers, are
responsible for formulating study questions, collecting data, analyzing data, and
interpreting results. To encourage honesty and openness, we must also assure
ethical practices and build trust with participants. Furthermore, we must
participate in reflective practice, continually thinking on how our biases and
preconceptions may influence the research process. Our role is to support a
collaborative process in which participants co-create meaning and understanding
rather than imposing their opinions or points of view. Ultimately, our function as
researchers in qualitative studies is diverse, necessitating a high degree of
sensitivity, flexibility, and reflexivity in order to develop a deep and deep
knowledge of the research phenomena. As a result, we won't develop any
personal connections with the participants, which was forbidden by the study's
requirements, and We won't have any influence over any of their stories.
References:
Charmaz, K., & Thornberg, R. (2021). The pursuit of quality in grounded
theory. Qualitative research in psychology, 18(3), 305-327.

Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2013). Successful qualitative research: A practical

guide for beginners. Sage Publications.

Patnaik, Srilata, and Satyendra C. Pandey. "Case study research."

Methodological issues in management research: Advances, challenges,
and the way ahead. Emerald Publishing Limited, 2019.

Creswell, J. (2013). Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design Choosing

among Five approaches. London. Sage Publications.

Creswell, J.W., & Poth, C.N. (2018). Qualitative inquiry & research design:
Choosing among five approaches. SAGE Publications.

Raskind, Ilana G., et al. "A review of qualitative data analysis practices in
health education and health behavior research." Health Education &
Behavior 46.1 (2019): 32-39.

Merriam, S. B. (2014). Qualitative research: A guide to design and

implementation. John Wiley & Sons.
Rotr:
Abdalla, Márcio Moutinho, et al. "Quality in qualitative organizational
research: Types of triangulation as a methodological alternative."
Administração: ensino e pesquisa 19.1 (2018).