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NCERT Solutions For Class 10 History Chapter 5 - The Age of Industrialisation

The document provides information from an NCERT Solutions chapter on the Age of Industrialization in India. It includes sample questions and answers that describe aspects of industrialization in Britain such as women attacking the Spinning Jenny due to job losses. It also discusses how the East India Company obtained cotton and silk from Indian weavers through agents and debt. Finally, it explains that industrial production grew in India during World War 1 as British factories focused on war supplies, creating demand for Indian goods.

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448 views5 pages

NCERT Solutions For Class 10 History Chapter 5 - The Age of Industrialisation

The document provides information from an NCERT Solutions chapter on the Age of Industrialization in India. It includes sample questions and answers that describe aspects of industrialization in Britain such as women attacking the Spinning Jenny due to job losses. It also discusses how the East India Company obtained cotton and silk from Indian weavers through agents and debt. Finally, it explains that industrial production grew in India during World War 1 as British factories focused on war supplies, creating demand for Indian goods.

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NCERT Solutions for Class 10

History

Chapter 5 – The Age of Industrialisation

Write in Brief

1. Explain the following:

(a) Women workers in Britain attacked the Spinning Jenny.

(b) In the seventeenth-century merchants from towns in Europe began


employing peasants and artisans within the villages.

(c) The port of Surat declined by the end of the eighteenth century.

(d) The East India Company appointed gomasthas to supervise weavers in


India.

Ans:
(a) The Spinning Jenny was opposed by British women workers because it sped up
the spinning process and, as a result, reduced labour demand. Women in the woollen
sector had a legitimate concern of losing their jobs as a result of this. They had been
surviving on hand spinning up until now, but the new machine put that in jeopardy.

(b) The guild of trade and commerce was in charge of the market, raw materials,
personnel, and the manufacturing of commodities in the towns. Merchants that
wished to enhance production by hiring more men faced difficulties as a result of
this. As a result, they resorted to country peasants and artisans for help.

(c) Surat's port fell by the end of the eighteenth century, owing to the increasing
prominence of European firms in India's trade. They were granted several
concessions by local courts, as well as exclusive trading privileges. As a result, the
traditional ports of Surat and Hooghly, from which local merchants had operated,
began to dwindle.

Exports stalled, and local banks went out of business.

(d) Gomasthas were recruited by the English East India Company to:

Class X Social Science www.vedantu.com 1


● Abolish the existence of traders and brokers and create direct control over the
weavers and

● To prevent weavers from interacting with other customers through advances


and control. Weavers who obtained loans and fees in advance were beholden
to the British in this way.

2. Write True or False against each statement:

(a) At the end of the nineteenth century, 80 percent of the total workforce in
Europe was employed in the technologically advanced industrial sector.
Ans: False

(b) The international market for fine textiles was dominated by India till the
eighteenth

century.

Ans: True

(c) The American Civil War resulted in the reduction of cotton exports from
India.
Ans: False

3. Explain what is meant by proto-industrialisation.

Ans: The phase of industrialization prior to the factory system is known as proto-
industrialization. There was large-scale industrial manufacturing for a worldwide
market prior to the arrival of factories. Proto-industrialisation is the term for this
period of industrial history.

Discuss

1. Why did some industrialists in nineteenth-century Europe prefer hand


labour over

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machines?
Ans: Hand labour was preferred by certain industrialists in nineteenth-century
Europe over machinery because:

● Machine-made clothing could not meet market expectations for a wide range
of styles, colours, and types. Only human skills could create intricate designs
and colours.

● During the Victorian era, nobles and other upper-class individuals favoured
solely handcrafted items.

● Machines were expensive, ineffectual, difficult to repair, and required large


capital investments.

● At the time, labour was readily accessible at modest salaries.

● Only seasonal labour was necessary in seasonal businesses.

2. How did the East India Company procure regular supplies of cotton and silk
textiles from Indian weavers?

Ans: The English East India Company employed a variety of methods to obtain silk
and cotton from weavers, including:

● The appointment of paid supervisors known as Gomasthas. They also


gathered supplies and evaluated the weavers' cloth quality.

● Through a system of advances and loans, Company weavers are prevented


from dealing with other purchasers.

3. Imagine that you have been asked to write an article for an encyclopedia on
Britain and the history of cotton. Write your piece using information from the
entire chapter.

Ans: Britain and the cotton history:

Merchants traded with rural people in the textile industry during the seventeenth and
eighteenth centuries. A clothier would purchase wool from a stapler, transport it to

Class X Social Science www.vedantu.com 3


the spinners, and then deliver the yarn to the weavers, fullers, and dyers for further
processing. For these items, London served as the final destination. Proto-
industrialization is the term for this period in British manufacturing history.
Factories were not a necessary part of the industry at this time. Instead, a network of
commercial exchanges was present.

Cotton was the original industrial symbol. In the late nineteenth century, its output
grew at a tremendous pace. Raw cotton imports increased dramatically, from 2.5
million pounds in 1760 to 22 million pounds in 1787. Because of the advent of the
cotton mill and new machines, as well as better management under one roof, this
happened. In the early stages of the industry, cotton was the most important sector
until 1840.

The employees reacted with disdain and contempt to most inventions in the textile
industry since machines meant less manual labour and fewer jobs. One such creation
was the Spinning Jenny. Woolen industry women were opposed to it and attempted
to destroy it since it was displacing them in the labour market.

Britain used to import a lot of silk and cotton from India before technical
improvements.

In England, fine Indian textiles were quite popular. When the East India Company
gained political control, they used coercion to fully exploit India's weavers and
textile industry for Britain's benefit. Manchester thereafter became the centre of
cotton production.

As a result, India became a significant customer of British cotton products.

British factories were too preoccupied with meeting the demands of the First World
War to produce anything else. As a result, there was a surge in demand for Indian
textiles.

Cotton's history in the United Kingdom is littered with demand and supply changes.

4. Why did industrial production in India increase during the First World
War?

Ans: During the first world war, India's industrial output grew for the following
reasons:

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● The rising demand for a wider range of products led to the establishment of
new factories and the expansion of existing ones.

● A large number of new employees were hired, and everyone was required to
work greater hours.

● It was an excellent opportunity for Indian businesses to fill in the gaps in the
Indian market with their goods. This was accomplished. As a result, India's
industrial production grew.

● Britain's industry became preoccupied with making and supplying war


supplies.

As a result, they ceased exporting British goods or clothing to colonial


markets such as India.
● Jute bags, fabric or army uniforms, tents and leather boots, horse and mule
saddles, and other combat necessities were also requested by the British
colonial authorities.

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