H.K.

E Society’s

POOJYA DODDAPPA APPA COLLEGE

OF ENGINEERING
KALABURAGI- 585102
(An Autonomous Institution, Affiliated To VTU Belgaum, and Approved By AICTE)

A
SEMINAR REPORT
ON
“E-WASTE DISPOSAL”
Submitted to the
POOJYA DODDAPPA APPA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
KALABURAGI,
(An Autonomous Institution, affiliated to VTU Belgaum and Approved by
AICTE.) In The Partial Fulfillment of the requirements for the Award of
Degree Of

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING IN
ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

Submitted by:

NASHRA FATIMA
(3PD20EC404)

Under the Guidance of

Prof. S.K AURAD
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION
ENGINEERING
P.D.A COLLEGE OF
ENGINEERING, (AUTONOMOUS
INSTITUTION)
KALABURAGI
2022-2023
 Hyderabad Karnataka Education Society’s POOJYA
DODDAPPA APPA COLLEGE OF
ENGINEERING KALABURAGI- 585102
(An Autonomous Institution, Affiliated To VTU Belgaum, and Approved By AICTE)

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that NASHRA FATIMA (3PD20EC404), of B.E VIII Semester of

Electronics and Communication Engineering has satisfactorily completed seminar

on “E-WASTE DISPOSAL” during the academic year 2022-2023 as prescribed by

Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belgaum.

Guide H.O.D

Prof .S.K Aurad Dr. G S Biradar

Examiners:

1.

2.
 Acknowledgement

I express my deep sense of gratitude and indebtness to my esteemed institute

“PDA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING”, KALABURAGI which has provided me an opportunity
to fulfill the most cherished desire to reach my goal.

I express my foremost gratitude to my principal Dr. S.R MISE for his constant
support and valuable guidance.

I am thankful to Dr. G S BIRADAR Professor and Head of the Department of

Electronics and Communication Engineering, for giving permission to carry out this
Seminar in the college.

My special gratitude to my guide Prof. S.K AURAD for his inspiration, guidance, constant
supervision, direction and discussions in successful completion of the Seminar.

I express my heartfelt thanks to the staff members of Electronics and

Communication Engineering department, who helped me in completion of this Seminar
directly and indirectly within the schedule period.

Finally I am very much thankful to my beloved parents and to my dear friends.

NASHRA FATIMA
(3PD20EC404)
 Electronic-Waste Disposal

ABSTRACT
Waste of electrical and electronic apparatuses generated in huge amount surround the
earth today, and has become a global environmental issue. Electronic waste is a common,
informal name for electronic products approaching the end of their useful life. The current and
the future production of e-waste, the potential environmental problems associated with their
disposal and management practices are discussed whereas the existing e-waste management.
E-wastes are considered dangerous, as certain components of some electronic products
contain materials that are harmful, depending on their condition and density. The harmful
content of these materials pose a threat to human health and environment. Its toxic emissions
mixed with virgin soil and air and causing harmful effects to the entire biota either directly or
indirectly. Direct impacts include release of acids, toxic compounds including heavy metals,
carcinogenic chemicals and indirect effects such as bio magnification of heavy metals.
Discarded computers, televisions. DVD. stereos, copiers, fax machines, electric lamps, cell
phones, audio equipment and batteries if improperly disposed can leach lead and other
substances into soil and groundwater.

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CONTENTS

SL. NO PARTICULARS PAGE NO.

1. INTRODUCTION 3

2. LITERATURE SURVEY 5

3. OBJECTIVE 7

4. METHODS OF E-WASTE 8

5. TYPES OF ELECTRONIC WASTE 10

6. PROCESS OF E-WASTE RECYCLING 12

7. IMPACTS OF E-WASTE ON THE ENVIRONMENT 15

8. E‐WASTE “WHEEL OF LIFE” 17

9. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGE 19

10. APPLICATION 20
11. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE 22
BIBLIOGRAPHY 23

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CHAPTER - 1

INTRODUCTION

The electronic industry is the world‘s largest and fastest growing manufacturing industry .
Electronic waste is informally known as e-waste for the electronic products nearing the end
of their useful life. This is largely due to increasing market penetration of products in
developing countries, development of a replacement market in developed countries and a
generally high product obsolescence rate, together with a decrease in prices and the growth in
internet use. Electrical and Electronic waste (e-waste) is defined as any discarded, obsolete,
or broken electrical or electronic devices. As per current estimates, e-waste is growing almost
three times the rate of municipal Solid Waste globally. E-waste, being one of the largest
sources of heavy metals and organic pollutants in municipal waste and the fastest growing
waste stream, has become a serious problem in China and other Asian developing nations.
Electronic industry is the world’s largest and innovative industry for its kind. Every year tons
of electronic items are shipped over oceans, however, after their usage time they are become
a complex waste matter which consists of many hazardous heavy metals, acids, toxic
chemicals and nondegradable plastics. Many are dumped, burnt or exported to recyclers.
However, about 75% of e-waste’s are uncertain for their use or finding ways to use them
which includes refurbishment, remanufacture and reuse their parts for repair etc. While others
are junks occupying usable space at houses, apartments, firms and industries. Most erecyclers
were exporting the toxic materials such as leaded glass, circuit boards, and mercury lamps
usually to China, Africa and India.

"E-waste" is a popular, informal name for electronic products nearing the end of their
"useful life. "E-wastes are considered dangerous, as certain components of some electronic
products contain materials that are hazardous, depending on their condition and density. The
hazardous content of these materials pose a threat to human health and environment.
Discarded computers, televisions, VCRs, stereos, copiers, fax machines, electric lamps, cell
phones, audio equipment and batteries if improperly disposed can leach lead and other
substances into soil and groundwater. Many of these products can be reused, refurbished, or
recycled in an environmentally sound manner so that they are less harmful to the ecosystem.

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Fig 1.1: E-Waste

The hazards of e-wastes, the need for its appropriate management and options that can be
implemented. Industrial revolution followed by the advances in information technology
during the last century has radically changed people's lifestyle. The technical prowess
acquired during the last century has posed a new challenge in the management of wastes.
For example, personal computers (PCs) contain certain components, which are highly
toxic, such as chlorinated and brominated substances, toxic gases, toxic metals,
biologically active materials, acids, plastics and plastic additives. The hazardous content
of these materials pose an environmental and health threat. Thus proper management is
necessary while disposing or recycling e-wastes. These days computer has become most
common and widely used gadget in all kinds of activities ranging from schools,
residences, offices to manufacturing industries. E-toxic components in computers could be
summarized as circuit boards containing heavy metals like lead & cadmium; batteries
containing cadmium; cathode ray tubes with lead oxide & barium; poly vinyl chloride
(PVC) coated copper cables and plastic computer casings that release highly toxic dioxins
& furans when burnt to recover valuable metals; mercury switches; mercury in flat
screens; poly chlorinated biphenyl's (PCB's) present in older capacitors; transformers; etc.
The average 14-inch monitor uses a tube that contains an estimated 2.5 to 4 kgs of lead.
The lead can seep into the ground water from landfills thereby contaminating it. If the
tube is crushed and burned, it emits toxic fumes into the air.

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CHAPTER - 2
LITERATURE SURVEY
In a study by Jalal Uddin (2012), Through innovative changes in product style below
EXTENDED PRODUCER RESPONSIBILITY (ERP), use of environmentally friendly
substitutes for dangerous substances, these impacts can be mitigated. A legal framework must
be there for imposing EPR, RoHS for attaining this goal. Adoption of environmentally sound
technologies for usage and employ of e-waste at the side of EPR and RoHS offers workable
answer for environmentally sound management of e-waste. Manufacturers & suppliers need
to set goals for reducing electronic waste. Encourage them to buy back old electronic
products from consumers, disposing bulk e-waste only through authorized recyclers and send
non tradable e-waste to authorized private developers for final disposal.

 Gupta, Y., & Sahay, S. (2015). Review of extended producer responsibility: A case
study approach. Waste Management & Research, 33(7), 595-611. Suggested that
financial responsibility of the producers and separate collecting and recycling
agencies contribute significantly to the success of the extended producer
responsibility-based environmental policies. Regulatory provisions, takeback
responsibility and financial flow come out to be the three most important aspects of
the extended producer responsibility. Presence of informal sector had a negative
impact on the regulatory provisions.
 Bishnoi, V. N., & Shah, T. (2014). E-Waste: A New Environmental Challenge,
International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software
Engineering, 4(2), 442- 447. According to Bishnoi, V. N., & Shah. (2014), most of
the waste is inherently dangerous. It will degrade to provide leachate, which can
contaminate water, and make lowland gas, that is explosive. Additionally, owing to
the risks related to lowland sites, there are currently terribly strict needs on the
development, operation and medical care of such sites. Most designing authorities
desire a figured out quarry to be used for landscaping instead of a lowland web site
that nobody desires in their “back yard”. Product style should be used to assist to
reduce not solely the character and quantity of waste, however conjointly to maximise
end-of-life utilization. Makers, retailers, users, and disposers ought to share
responsibility for

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reducing the environmental impacts of merchandise. A product-centred approach ought

to be adopted to preserve and shield setting.
 Jadhav, S. (2013). Electronic Waste: A Growing Concern in Today’s Environment
Sustainability. International Journal of Social Science & Interdisciplinary Research,
2(2), 139-147. In Sukeshini Jadhav (2013) observed that proper e waste management
will help efficient sourcing and collection right upto extraction and disposal of
material, ensuring that e-waste will turn into lucrative products and business
opportunity. The manufacturers have to take responsibility for adopting the guideline
for manufacturing sound environment product and sustainability management should
be started from the product manufacturing stage i.e raw material selection, product
and process design can be the important factors for the designed for environment
practices, which can facilitate the recycling and reuse. Manufacturer should also try
and initiate a take back program to handle the waste so that proper management and
disposal of e-waste can be done. This way as 60% e-waste is coming from industry,
can contribute to a very large part of electronic waste management collection and
establishing clean e-waste channels. UNEP (2010) report predicts that by 2020, E-
waste from old computers in India will increase to 500%; from discarded mobile
phones will be about 18 times high; from televisions will be 1.5 to 2 times higher;
from discarded refrigerators will double or triple; than its respective 2007 levels.
Considering the growth rate, studies show that the volume of E-waste will reach
nearly 2 million MT by 2025.
 Sikdar, M., Dr., & Vaniya, S. (2014). The New Millennium and E merging Concerns.
International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 4(2), 1-12. Sikdar &
Vaniya (2014) in their research stated that government should introduce some topics
related to disposal of e-waste materials and its recycling and adverse effects of e-
waste on health of human body in Environmental Education as a compulsory subject
from lower to higher grades. The researcher realized recently that the education
system alone is a powerful medium to ensure environmental protection. It should
reach most parts of the population at a young age, and more e-waste friendly behavior
should be practiced on daily basis.

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CHAPTER - 3
OBJECTIVE
 The aim is the disposal of unwanted electronic gadgets.

 Compared to the past days the e-waste products or items have increased
abundantly nowadays.
 The major everyday use electronic products are computers, ACs, mobile
phones, television, fax machines, etc.
 A proper methodology should be followed to control the pollution caused by e-waste
products.
 Some of the e-waste consists of valuable covering or material inside which can
be reused or recycled.
 EPR or Extended Producer Responsibility is one of the concepts introduced in e-
waste management.
 One of the major objectives of e-waste management is to reduce, reuse & recycle.

 In this policy, the producers are given a vital responsibility for the disposal
and treatment of the products.
 Whereas some of the electronic waste may contain hazardous chemical
materials which should be disposed of carefully without causing harm to nature.

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CHAPTER - 4
METHODS OF E-WASTE
When we use another new device for replacement / malfunction of electronic devices after
prolonged use, this inefficient malfunctioning device is called e-waste. Such as computers,
mobile phones, printers, photocopy machines, inverter, UPS, LCD / television, radio /
transistors, digital cameras & more.

Safe Treatment & Disposal of E-waste Are Mainly Done in 5

Types.
1. Secured land-filling
2. Incineration
3. Recycling
4. Metal recovery by acid
5. Reuse

1. Secured land-filling

The e-waste is built on flat land and the pits are pressed into the soil by putting the e-waste in
it. Should be pressed.

2. Incineration

– In this process, the e-waste is lit in a fully closed chamber inside the insulator at
a temperature of 900 to 1000 degree centigrade.
– Due to this the quantity of e-waste is reduced considerably and the toxicity of the
organic substance present in it is reduced significantly.
– The smoke and gas coming out of the chimney in the injector is passed through the Air
Pollution Control System (APCS) and the various types of metals present in the smoke
are separated by chemical action and the gases are treated.

3. Recycling

– Devices such as electronic waste, monitors, picture tubes, laptops, keyboards, telephones,
hard drives, CD drives, fax machines, printers, CPUs, modem cables etc. can be recycled.

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– In this process, various metals and plastics are sabotaged separately and preserved for
reuse.

4. Metal recovery by acid

Different types of parts like ferrous and non-ferrous metal and printed circuit boards are
separated by electronic waste.
– Different types of metals like lead, copper, aluminum, silver, gold, platinum, etc. are
used for the recovery of metals by using concentrates.
– Residue plastic waste is recycled for reuse.

5. Reuse

–Old electronic devices are repaired and made for reuse.

– Such as computers, mobiles, laptops, inkjet cartage, inverter, television / LCD, UPS,
printers, etc. can be properly reused and reused. So, by implementing above mention 5 ways
you can easily dispose of, recycle & reused your e-waste efficiently which not only helps you
to reuse but also helps to keep the environment clean & safe.

Fig 4.1: Methods of E-Waste

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CHAPTER – 5
TYPES OF ELECTRONIC WASTE
The fact that there is a lot of waste worldwide, and the amount is unstoppable. But if you see
the amount of waste that has increased the most, it is electronic waste. For garbage like this, it
is usually divided into these seven types:
1. ICT and Telecommunications Equipment
Items classified into ICT include CPUs, screens, monitors, mice, printers, keyboards,
networking equipment, laptops, audio amplifiers, CDs, DVDs, and video cameras. And this
number is arguably the most in the current era because it is the easiest to obtain.
2. Office Electronics
Office use and the amount of trash in the world seem to be a problem. Office electronics
include calculators, photocopying equipment, electronical, typewriters, telephones, fax
machines, and facsimiles if they are still in the office.
3. Large Household Appliances
Let’s see first what electronic items are in large sizes in your home. You could say everyday
items such as freezers, cookers, air conditioners, radiators, fans, and many more. And it is
classified as electronic waste in a large size.
4. Small Household Appliances
If it was a large one, now try to imagine small items also included in electronic devices.
These are things like hair dryers, fryers, swing weaving, and many more. And this also
consists of a lot.
5. Consumer Equipment
Items used for consumer use will also be included in the electronic waste sector. This
category for consumers is all forms of activity that will be important to serve consumers.
Many activities fall into this category.
6. Medical Equipment
And there are still many who are not aware that this waste is also included in medical
matters. If this is added up, it can be calculated how much the amount of waste is. So,
electronic equipment is involved in injury, treatment, prevention, and detection activities.

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7. Toys Leisure and Sports Equipment

As kids grow older, of course, there are toys or games that they no longer use. And there
must be some of those items that belong to electronics. If there is only one electronic
component, such as a battery, in the toy, then it is classified as e-waste as well.

The problems in our homes are not only in the security sector but also related to
environmental issues. Garbage, which is increasing over time, has become the most common
issue today. And you see a lot about the types of electronic waste circulating.

Fig 5.1: Types of E-waste

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CHAPTER - 6
PROCESS OF E-WASTE RECYCLING

Collection of Save Sorting

E-waste Storage

Material Mechanical
Recovery Separation

Fig 6.1: Process of E-waste

Step One — Collection

The first stage in the recycling process for e-waste is the collection of electronic products
through recycling bins, collection locations, take-back programs, or on- demand collection
services. The mixed e-waste is then taken to specialized electronics recyclers. Best practice
dictates that e-waste should be separated by type at this stage of the process, which is why
many collection sites will have different bins or boxes for different items. This is especially
important for e-waste containing batteries, which require special treatment and can be very
damaging if mixed with other waste.

Fig 6.2 Collection of E-Waste

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Step Two — Storage

While safe storage may not appear critical, it can prove very important. For example, the
glass screens of Cathode Ray Tubes (CRT) TVs and monitors are highly contaminated by
lead. In the past, they were recycled into new computer monitors, but the growth of new
technology and subsequent decline in demand for CRT products means much of this glass is
now simply being stored indefinitely.

Fig 6.3 : Storage of E-Waste

Step Three — Manual Sorting, Shredding

E-waste then goes through the initial stage of manual sorting, where various items (such as
batteries and bulbs) are removed for their own processing. This is the stage at which some
items may also be manually dismantled for components, reuse, or the recovery
of valuable materials.

E-waste is then shredded into small pieces allowing for accurate sorting of materials, a key
part of the process. Most electronics are a mix of materials, and breaking items down into
pieces that measure just a few centimeters means they can be separated mechanically.

Fig 6.4: Sorting and Shredding

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Step Four — Mechanical Separation

The mechanical separation of the different materials actually consists of several processes
one after the other. The two key steps are magnetic separation and water separation.

Magnetic Separation
The shredded e-waste is passed under a giant magnet, which is able to pull ferrous metals
such as iron and steel from the mix of waste. In addition to this, an eddy current may also be
used, separating the nonferrous metals. These materials can then be diverted to dedicated
recycling plants for smelting. Other materials such as metal-embedded plastic and circuit
boards are also separated at this stage.

Fig 6.5 Magnetic Separation

Water Separation
With a solid waste stream that now consists mainly of plastic and glass, water is used to
separate the materials, further purifying for the separation of different plastics as well as hand-
sorting obvious contaminants.

Fig 6.6 Water Separation

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CHAPTER - 7
IMPACTS OF E-WASTE ON THE ENVIRONMENT

E-waste, or electronic waste, is waste from all sorts of electronics ranging from computers
and mobile phones, to household electronics such as food processors, pressure, cookers etc.
The effects of improper disposal of this E-waste on the environment are little known; these
impacts nonetheless pose very real threats and dangers to the global environment at large.
Threats posed by E-waste to the environment. Improper disposal of these electronic wastes
affect the soil, air, and water components of the environment.

Effects on air

One of the most common effect of E-waste on air is through air pollution. For example, a
British documentary about Lagos and its inhabitants, called Welcome to Lagos, shows a
number of landfill scavengers who go through numerous landfills in Lagos looking for
improperly disposed electronics which includes wires, blenders, etc., to make some income
from the recycling of these wastes. These men were shown to burn wires to get the copper (a
very valuable commodity) in them by open air burning which can release hydrocarbons into
the air.

Effects on water

When electronics containing heavy metals such as lead, barium, mercury, lithium (found in
mobile phone and computer batteries), etc., are improperly disposed, these heavy metals
leach through the soil to reach groundwater channels which eventually run to the surface as
streams or small ponds of water. Local communities often depend on these bodies of water
and the groundwater. Apart from these chemicals resulting in the death of some of the plants
and animals that exist in the water, intake of the contaminated water by humans and land
animals results in lead poisoning. Some of these heavy metals are also carcinogenic.

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Effects on soil

In this way, toxic heavy metals and chemicals from e-waste enter the “soil-crop-food
pathway,” one of the most significant routes for heavy metals’ exposure to humans. These
chemicals are not biodegradable—they persist in the environment for long periods of time,
increasing the risk of exposure. These dangers posed by improper disposal on the
environment ultimately have impacts on human beings -human cost; the health effects of
these toxins on humans include birth defects (irreversible), brain, heart, liver, kidney and
skeletal system damage. They also significantly affect the nervous and reproductive systems
of the human body. When computer monitors and other electronics are burned, they create
cancer-producing dioxins which are released into the air we breathe. If electronics are thrown
in landfills, these toxins may leach into groundwater and affect local resources. Thus
improper disposal of e-waste not only has effects on the environment, it indirectly and
ultimately poses grave dangers to humans and livestock.

Fig 7.1: Impact of E-waste

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CHAPTER - 8
E-WASTE “WHEEL OF LIFE”

Fig 8.1: E-waste “Wheel of Life”

• “Buy new Items” is the 1st stage in the wheel. Consumers go out and purchase
electronic devices.

• The 2nd stage in this "wheel of life" is returning end‐of‐life appliances or Waste
Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE). Consumers are not allowed to dispose
of WEEE through other than dedicated collection points. Fees might be applicable for
certain wastes.

• The 3rd phase involves “Detoxification” – the removal of critical components from the
e‐waste in order to avoid dilution of and / or contamination with toxic substances.
This work requires much manual labor and thus is unprofitable considering Swiss
wages. Most of the costs and often this manual processes are outsourced by the large
recyclers to nearby social institutions.

• The 4th stage involves the shredding of like materials so they can be prepared for
refinement.

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• The 5th and final stage, is refinement, where Most of the fractions need to be refined or
conditioned in order to be sold as secondary raw materials or to be disposed of in a
final disposal site, respectively. Many refining processes take place outside
Switzerland, entailing greater transport distances.

• Due to economies of scale, specialization and division of labor such large installations
aren't needed in every country. For example, the refinery of Umicore in Belgium is
made up of two main processes: The precious metal operations and the base metal
operations.

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CHAPTER – 9
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

ADVANTAGES
1. Preserves natural resources
2. Reduces greenhouse gas emission
3. Reduces pollution
4. Prevents wastage of non-renewable resources
5. Creates jobs for recyclers/refurbishes
6. Saves landfill space
7. Helps the community by donating to those who need it

DISADVANTAGE

1. E-waste contains a lot of harmful chemicals such as lead in CRTs of computers and mercury
in flat panel display screens. This can be absorborb by human through contaminated
drinking water.
2. E-waste can affect the environment as well as humans.
3. The process of recycling means burning wires to recover metals, melting circuits and also
acid stripping. Just this causes so many problems to the environment.
4. Long-term affects on our planet are still unknown.

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CHAPTER- 10
APPLICATION
1. It protects the environment

 Recycling e-waste can keep a range of harmful materials out of the environment.
 Lighting, including fluorescent tubes and lamps, contains toxic mercury that can
leach into waterways when it is thrown into landfill.
 However, when lighting is recycled, the mercury is recovered and safely used again
in products like dental amalgam.

 The same goes for batteries, which can feature lead, mercury and cadmium.
 For example, when a lead-acid battery is recycled, the plastic parts and toxic lead
are recycled, while the sulphuric acid is neutralised and then converted into
sodium sulphate to make fertiliser and detergent.

2. It reduces business costs

 E-waste recycling is not only good for mother nature, it can also be good for a
business’ bottom line.
 Most state and territory governments have now incentivised e-waste recycling
by hiking the cost of dumping or outright banning it.

 There are also some non-tangible dividends of recycling to consider, such as

lowering the future costs of non-renewable materials and boosting staff morale
and retention.

3. It supports non-renewable recycling

 The growing demand for electronic devices and appliances means a range of
metals and other non-renewable resources need to be mined and processed.
 However, many of the materials used to make smartphones, appliances and other
e-waste can be re-used again.

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 These resources include steel, aluminium, copper and gold — not to mention
large amounts of plastic that can be turned into new products.
 Recycling e-waste puts these materials back to work after you’re done with your
device, while dumping e-waste in landfill means more resources need to be dug
up to make your next laptop or TV.

4. It shows your eco-friendly credentials

 Employees increasingly want to work for businesses that do their part for the
environment and the community.
 Recycling is a simple and tangible way to demonstrate your organisation’s
commitment to social and environmental values, and reinforces those principles
to your employees.
 Ecocycle provides recycling certificates that illustrate your achievements, and also
outline how your business is performing against your own green goals.

5. It’s super easy to recycle e-waste

 Recycling e-waste has never been easier.

 There are a range of places and businesses where you can drop off an old phone,
TV or other household appliances.
 For household quantities of e-waste, you can find a drop-off point near you at
the Recycling Near You website.

 If you are a business looking to get your workplace recycling e-waste, then
Ecocycle can help businesses of all sizes with commercial-scale e-waste
recycling programs.

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CHAPTER -11
CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE

Solid waste management in India, which is already a very problematic task, is becoming
more difficult by the attack of e-waste. The complaint is alarming as India generates about
1.5 lakh tones of e-waste annually and almost all of it finds its way into the informal sector as
there is no organized alternative available at present. E-waste generated in few cities across
the nation show an alarming picture. In India Mumbai is on the top in terms of E-waste
generation followed by Delhi with 9730.5 metric tonnes e-waste. Institutional infrastructures,
including e- waste collection, transportation, treatment, storage, recovery and disposal, need
to be established, at national and/or regional levels for the environmentally sound
management of e- wastes. Establishment of e-waste collection, exchange and recycling
centers should be encouraged in partnership with private entrepreneurs and manufacturers.
An effective take- back program providing incentives for producers to design products that
are less wasteful, contain fewer toxic components, and are easier to disassemble, reuse, and
recycle may help in reducing the wastes. Hence creating awareness among the e-waste
generating sectors is the important task now.

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