E-Book Sho Exam - Potential Questions Q & A (E)

SAFETY & HEALTH
OFFICER
(SHO)
EXAM QUESTIONS
BOOK
[email protected] 017 – 374 6060 1

Author
Zariman Zainuddin graduated in Mechanical Engineering from UTM
and started his career as a Factory Inspector in 1985 in Factories and
Machinery Department (currently known as Department of
Occupational Safety and Health – DOSH). As a Factory Inspector, he
has served in various units including Design Unit, Petroleum Safety
Unit and Sarawak state office.
In 1993 he left DOSH and joined various local and multi national
organizations including Intel, Seagate and MISC (a subsidiary of
Petronas) as an Environment, Health and Safety manager. During his
tenure in the industries, he has been involved in the setting up and
implementation of various management systems including ISO 9001,
ISO 14001 and OHSAS 18001. He was also a registered DOSH Safety
and Health Officer. He then joined National Institute of Occupational
Safety and Health (NIOSH) Malaysia as Northern Region Branch
Manager in 2001. In NIOSH, he has acts as a trainer and consultant to
assist organizations to set-up OSH management systems. He has also
speaks in various seminars on the topic on OSH.
In 2004 he has been seconded to head NIOSH Certification Sdn Bhd

(NCSB) – wholly-owned NIOSH certification body. He was trained in
ISO 9001, ISO 14001, OHSAS 18001 and the new Malaysia’s OSHMS
– MS 1722: 2003. Currently he is an OSH auditor and qualified OSH
and Environment for main Certification bodies i.e. SIRIM, SGS,
Certification International, Sustainable Certification, and formerly
Quality, Health, Safety & Environment Lead Auditor Course trainer for
RABQSA. He is also an auditor for Malaysian Society of OSH
(MSOSH) Award.
To the public in general, he has been actively involved as an invited

speaker during OSH seminar organised by NIOSH, NCSB, DOSH,
MSOSH and private organisations. The knowledge and expertise
presented during such seminars help the industry in acquiring techniques
and skill in OSH implementation in general.

IMPORTANT NOTES
Disclaimer:
• Please take note that the content of this book is prepared
as reference for the viewer and as a study guide for the
preparation to sit for the SHO exam or other related
examination.
• The preparations of any part or overall content of this

book are prepared based on the author personal ideas,
and without any influence of the SHO examination and
not referred to any of the existing or previous NIOSH
SHO examination question.
• For information, the author has no previous or current

relationship to any of the NIOSH SHO examination, as
NIOSH examiner, NIOSH assessor and so forth.
• As this book is only meant to be used as reference or

study guide, the author would like to apologize, should
there be any typing or grammar error, and not the same
wording or standards as the original NIOSH examination
questions
• The author of this book is NOT RESPONSIBLE for the

outcome of any SHO result upon reading this book. SHO
are also advised to read or refer to other OSH or related
reference in preparation of SHO Examination.

CONTENT PAGE
Paper 1
• Multiple Choice Questions 6
• Short Answer 14
• Essay 17
Paper 2
• Multiple Choice Questions 21
• Short Answer 27
• Essay 29
Paper 3 33
ANSWER 39
Paper 4 85

PAPER 1

PAPER 1
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

1. Who come out with the first pamphlet on occupational
disease?
A) Ramizini
B) Ellenborg
C) Frank Bird
D) Lord Robben
2. Who is the father of occupational medicine?
A. Ramizini
B. Ellenborg
C. Frank Bird
D. Lord Robben
3. Who introduce Domino Theory???
A. Ramizini
B. Lord Robben
C. Heinrich
D. Frank Bird

4. Who introduce LOSS CONTROL THEORY?
A. Frank Bird
B. Ramizini
C. Lord Robben
D. Heinrich
5. Below are accident Hidden Costs, EXCEPT???
A. Investigation time
B. Supervisors time diverted
C. Plant and building damage
D. Clerical Effort
6. Arrange the 4 steps in implementing Safety & Health

Policy???
1. Implement policy by making arrangements

2. Formulate and write the policy
3. Organisation, OSH programmes, appointments
4. Include statements of vision and goals, the objectives and
target related to risk
A. 1,2,3,4
B. 3,4,1,2
C. 2,4,1,3
D. 4,3,2,1

7. What is the best glove for paint spraying???
A) Leather
B) PVC
C) Rubber
D) Latex
8. Selection on respirator depends on the list below except?
A) The contaminant
B) Quality
C) Task
D) Operator
9. What is the retention period of CHRA Report???
A) 7 years
B) 5 years
C) 30 years
D) 3 years
10. Which is the element in ISO 45001 describe

internal audit???
A) SUPPORT
B) PLANNING
C) OPERATION
D) PERFORMANCE EVALUATION

11. What is the GENERAL PENALTY in OSHA 1994?
A) RM 1,000 AND 3 MONTHS JAIL OR BOTH

B) RM 50,000 AND 2 YEAR JAIL OR BOTH
C) RM 10,000 AND 1 YEAR PRISON JAIL OR BOTH
D) RM 50,000 AND 5 YEAR PRISON JAIL OR BOTH
12. Below are some of the reasons DIRECTOR GENERAL

may refuse to renew the SHO registration, EXCEPT?
A) SHO has ceased to be a Health and Safety Officer;

B) SHO was bankrupt
C) SHO registered but has not been appointed since the
registration or renewal;
D) There is no evidence that the SHO had attended any
Continual Education Program
13. SHO to submit a monthly report to the employer by:
A) 7th day of the month

B) 3rd day of the month
C) 10th day of the month
D) 30th day of the month
14. SHO reports retention period
A) 10 years
B) 30 years
C) 5 years
D) 7 years

15. Industries that require SHO
A) Sawmill with 100 workers

B) Hotel which has 600 employees
C) Construction project cost 200 million
D) Theme park has more than 700 visitors
16. The reasons for the Safety and Health Committee

dismissed from committee:
A) Failure to attend two consecutive meetings;

B) Found / declared unhealthy;
C) Bankrupt;
D) Has been promoted
17. Retention period of Safety & Health Committee meeting

minutes
A) 10 years
B) 30 years
C) 5 years
D) 7 years
18. What is the penalty in the Safety & Health Committee

Regulation?
A) RM 1,000 AND 3 MONTHS JAIL OR BOTH

B) RM 50,000 AND 2 YEAR JAIL OR BOTH
C) RM 5,000 AND 6 MONTHS JAIL OR BOTH
D) RM 50,000 AND 5 YEAR JAIL OR BOTH

19. The organization has stored 12 tons of chlorine. Threshold
Value of chlorine 50 tons. Under CIMAH, organizations are
categorized as:
A) Major Hazard Industry

B) General Industry
C) Non-Major Hazard Industry
D) Nuclear Industry
20. Mineral Dust maximum penalty
A) RM 1,000
B) RM 2,000
C) RM 5,000
D) RM 50,000
21. Mineral Dust medical surveillance records retention period
A) As long as employees working

B) 5 years
C) 25 years
D) 30 years
22. For workers exposed to Action Level under the Allowable

Exposure Limits, the frequency of audiometric testing are:
A) Every year
B) Every 2 years
C) Every 3 years
D) Every 5 years

23. Machinery requires a Person In Charge, EXCEPT
A) Steam Boilers;
B) Auto Clave
C) Steam Engine;
D) Internal Combustion Engine
24. The duty of a Competent Person to inspect the lift are as

often as :
A) Every month
B) Every 3 months
C) Every 6 months
D) Every year
25. Contractor Safety Supervisor is required for a project

where:
A) Total employees of more than 100 people

B) The value of the project is worth RM 100 million
C) Workplace accidents every week
D) Instructed by DOSH
26. Employment Act 1955 covers employees following

categories;
A) Starting salary exceeding RM 2,000 per month

B) The wife or the principal employer / current
C) In a rough job
D) Temporary Workers

PAPER 1 - SHORT ANSWER
1. Name 2 acceptable accident theories?
2.Name the theory that stated underlying cause of accidents

are lack of management controls and poor management
decisions
3. WHAT IS “Robens style” legislation:
4. Name 2 types of OSH Management System
7. Define 'INCIDENT'
8. List 3 Types Of Incident Prevention Cost - Plus Example
9. LIST FOUR (4) PRINCIPLES OF DUPONT 10

PRINCIPLES OF SAFETY MANAGEMENT
10. WHAT IS Legal Requirements – FOR SAFETY

POLICY?
11. What is the definition of `HAZARD' ?

12. What is the definition of `DANGER' ?
13. What is the definition of `RISK' ?
14. List Methods Of Identifying Hazards ?
15.When do you need to do Health Surveillance ?
16. Name 3 type of Hazards Analysis ?
17. List 4 of OSH Promotional Technique?
18. List Non-Verbal Communications
19. List example of OSH Training
20. List OSH Programmes and its example
21. Describe the Levels Of Emergencies
22. What is the definition of First-Aid according to ILO?

PAPER 1 - ESSAY
1. EXPLAIN the Step and Process of Risk Management ?
2. Describe steps of Procurement And Contractor

Management
3.What is the content of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Training ?
4. Draw Incident Command Organisation and explain each

roles and responsibilities
5. What is the First-Aid Room requirement?
6. List and describe each Steps In Incident Investigation?
7. Describe the content of Management Review ???
8. Safety and Health Committee Functions ???
9. What is the difference between Statutory Law (Statute Law)

10. Describe the general duties of employers and
self-employed person?
11. List the responsibilities SHO?
12. What is the content of SHO monthly report?

PAPER 2

PAPER 2

1. Which one is the secondary prevention of occupational
health ?
A) Defects Assessment
B ) Physiotherapy
C ) Emergency Response Plan
D ) Immunization
2. Below are the objective of Occupational Health Services ,

EXCEPT ?
A) Identify and control the hazards , provide initial

treatment
B ) Prevent employees from all occupational diseases
C ) Educate management and employees
D ) Promotion of healthy lifestyle health program
3 . Which individual characteristics that can influence the

toxicity of chemicals ?
A) Method of Exposure
B ) Type of chemicals
C ) Immunology Status
D ) Physical and chemical characteristic

4. Below are the non-ionizing radiation , EXCEPT :
A) Laser
B ) Gamma Radiation
C ) Infrared
D ) Radio waves
5) Below are the equipment used for indoor air quality ,

EXCEPT ?
A) Thermometer
B ) Anemometer
C ) Nanometer
D ) Psychrometer
6 . A condition caused by excessive pressure resulting in wear

and tear to the muscles, tendons, joints and the tissues around
is named as :
A) Slip Disc
B ) Cumulative trauma disorder
C ) Musculoskeletal Diseases ( MSDs )
D ) Ghout
7. Raynaud 's Syndrome usually affects the limbs?
A) Shoulder
B ) Fingers and hands
C ) Back
D ) Neck

8 . Below is list of safety devices , EXCEPT ?
A) Presence-Sensing Device
B ) Self Adjusting Device
C ) Pullback Device
D ) Stop Device
9 . In terms of human factors, what are the ways to ensure the

safe operation of machinery ?
A) High Educated
B ) Trained
C ) Patience
D ) Team Work
10. Below are the main appliances on unfired pressure vessels,

EXCEPT
A) Water Gauge
B ) Safety Relief Valve
C ) Pressure Gauge
D ) Blowdown Valves
11. Below are the hazard when handling lift, EXCEPT ?
A) Being stuck in the rotating parts

B ) Ergonomics-related problems
C ) Caught between the rollers
D ) Electrical Shock

12 . Safety precautions BEFORE perform manual handling
are as follows , EXCEPT ?
A) Modify the bigger load for easier holding

B ) Find the best alternative to handle the load ( push, pull
etc.)
C ) Continuously monitor the techniques and procedures
practiced
D ) Modify the method of working with other equipment
13 . Safety measures when using electricity are the following ,

EXCEPT ?
A) Provide access space around equipment for

maintenance and repair work
B) To provide overflow protection earth (earth leakage
protection)
C) Provide an emergency stop switch, Interlock Switch
D) Insulate conductor
14. Below are DOSH certificated machinery/equipment,

EXCEPT?
A) Gondola
B) Foklift
C) Piling Machinery and Framework
D) Aerial Platform

15. LOWER FLAMMABILITY LIMIT (LFL) AND UPPER
FLAMMABILITY LIMIT (UFL ) depending on the element
below, EXCEPT ?
A) Temperature
B) Gravity
C) Flash point
D) Direction of propagation of the flame
16. What are the factors should be taken in determining the

frequency of engine maintenance?
A) The machinery related accidents

B) The level of production machinery
C) Record machinery breakdown
D) Order the employer
17. Methods of assessment of Local Exhaust Ventilation

system is?
A) Measure the volume of air intake and exhaust

B) Check the air-flow in the workplace and to detect areas
with no ventilation
C) Examine the level of contaminant
D) The trapped speed

1. What is Epidemiology?
2. Explain the meaning of DOSE ?
3. What does LD50
4. What is Toxicokinetic?
5. Explain how toxic substances enter into the body ?
6. Define Chemical Distributions?
7. Define Chemical Metabolisms?
8. The difference between LOCAL & SYSTEMIC toxic

effects ?
9. Give the allowable exposure limits for LEAD, and

ASBESTOS, MINERAL DUST AND NOISE ?

10. Agents that cause disease incidence?
11.List the information must be stated on the chemical label?
12. Define the reaction from STRESS in terms of

psychological
13. State 3 tension effects (STRESS) from Shift Work ?

PAPER 2 - ESSAY
1 . Discuss Radiation Protection Program ?
2. Describe the control measures Before , During and After

Using Pesticides ?
3.List the information that must be included in the CSDS
4 . List the information that must be included in the report

CHRA
5. List the factors to be taken to assess the risk of the hazards

of machinery - in terms of the environment , people and
operations ?
6 . What is the principle of fencing in terms of engineering

practice?
7. Describe the equipment/machinery safe prevention &

operating control?
8. Explain the safety precautions during welding ?

9. List the types of defects ( defects ) that often occurs during
mechanical handling?
10 . Provide Transportation Accident Prevention method ?
11. What safety precautions BEFORE entering a confined

space?

PAPER 3

PAPER 3
SKILL STATION
1. What is the criteria to selection hearing protection ?
2. Number of first aider depend on ?
3. What is the requirement for a First-Aid Box?
4. Example of Proactive Performance Measures ?
5. List every steps of the OSH Audit Process ?
6. List the Contents Of Audit Report ?
7. What is the meaning of Law of Tort and give the

classification?
8. What is the philosophy and principles of OSHA?
9. List the functions of the Safety Committee?

10. List documents requires for the approval of imported
Steam Boiler & Unfired Pressure Vessels
11. List the type of work that requires Inspection and
Supervision by the Designated Person in need of work:
12. The construction sector validation by Professional

Engineers in need for this type of work:
13 List the job scope of Fire Department:
14. What types of accidents that must be reported within 7

days of using Form JKKP 6 and specify circumstances where
allowed to interfere and change the evidence of accident
15. Explain the difference between the Exposure Dose (ED),

Toxic Dose (TD) and the Lethal Dose (LD)
16. What factors determine the toxic effects?
17. Describe the types of Toxic Effects?
18. Define Permissible Limit (PEL) , Threshold Limit Values

(TLV) and CEIL ( C ) , Threshold Limit Value - Short Term
Exposure Limit ( TLV - STEL ) ?

19. What is the difference between Respirable and Inhalable
Dust?
20. Classification of hazardous chemicals CLASS

Regulation 2013
21. Describe the conditions PACKAGING - Under

CLASS Regulations 2013?
22. Define Sampling and Monitoring , differences and

examples
23. List Of Chemical Analysis Method
24. What is the difference between Health Surveillance &
25 . What are the minimum requirements to protect from

mechanical danger ?
26. List Of Protection By Operation?

27. In terms of MACHINERY factor , give 5 ways to keep
equipment operating safely ?
28 . What things should be taken into account in the selection

of safe hand tools?
29. Define criteria of Safe Fencing?
30 . What is the definition of ' Confined Spaces '
31. What Are The Benefits & Weaknesses of:

a) Interlocking guards
b) Adjustable guards

ANSWER

PAPER 1

PAPER 1

1. B
2. A
3. C
4. A
5. C
6. C
7. C
8. B
9. C
10. D
11. C
12. B
13. C
14. A
15. C
16. C
17. D
18. C
19. C
20. A
21. C
22. B
23. B
24. B
25. A
26. C

1. Name 2 acceptable accident theories???
• Multiple Causation Theory

• Bird Loss Causation Model
2.Name the theory that stated underlying cause of accidents

are lack of management controls and poor management
decisions
• Loss Control Theory
3. WHAT IS “Robens style” legislation:
• General duties of care by Employer, employee,

manufacturer, designer, supplier
• Duty of employer to make the workplace safe
4. Name 2 types of OSH Management System
• OHSAS 18001:2007
• ISO 45001:2018

7. Define 'INCIDENT'
An incident is:
• An unexpected, unplanned event in a sequence of
events
• That occurs through a combination of causes
o Which result in:
! Physical harm (injury, ill-health or
disease) to an individual,
! Damage to property,
8. List 3 Types Of Incident Prevention Cost - Plus Example
1. DESIGN COSTS (e.g to install machine guards)

2. OPERATIONAL COSTS (training costs, PPE, etc.)
3. SAFE GUARDING THE FUTURE COSTS (health
surveillance, audits etc)

9. LIST FOUR (4) PRINCIPLES OF DUPONT 10
PRINCIPLES OF SAFETY MANAGEMENT
Pick four (4) from the list of 10 principles below:

1. All injuries and occupational illnesses are
preventable.
2. Management is directly responsible for doing this.
3. Safety is a condition of employment.
4. Training is required.
5. Safety audits and inspections must be carried out.
6. Deficiencies must be corrected promptly.
7. All unsafe practices, incidents and injury accidents
will be investigated.
8. Safety away from work is as important as safety at
work
9. Incident prevention is cost-effective; the highest cost
is human suffering.
10. Employees must be actively involved.
10. WHAT IS Legal Requirements – FOR SAFETY

POLICY ???
• More than 5 employees

• To have a written OSH policy statement
• Employees must be aware of the requirements of the
policy
• OSH Policy is to be implemented
• To revise the policy when necessary

11. What is the definition of `HAZARD' ???
• A source or a situation with a potential for harm in

terms of human injury or ill health, damage to property,
damage to the environment or a combination of these.
12. What is the definition of `DANGER' ???
• Relative exposure to hazard
13. What is the definition of `RISK' ???
• A combination of the likelihood of an occurrence of

a hazardous event with specified period or in
specified circumstances and the severity of injury or
damage to the health of people, property, environment
or any combination of these caused by the event.
14. List Methods Of Identifying Hazards ???
1. Review of documents and publications

2. Inspection and observation at the workplace
3. Measurement of the atmosphere, monitoring the
environment or medical surveillance of workers
4. Hazard Analysis

15.When do you need to do Health Surveillance ???
• Substance is used in workplace

• Substance is hazardous
• Evidence or reason to suspect injury
• Atmospheric monitoring insufficient
16. Name 3 type of Hazards Analysis ???
• Job Safety Analysis (JSA)

• Hazards and Operability Studies (HAZOP)
• Fault Tree Analysis
17. List 4 of OSH Promotional Technique??
• Leading by example
• Employee involvement
• Use of reward, incentives and disincentives
• Best practice
• Communication
• Training

18. List Non-Verbal Communications???
• Notice boards - incident/near-miss

• Bulletins – alerts on specific accidents or lessons
learned
• Newsletters - news, messages, articles
• Warning signs – at places of hazards
19. List example of OSH Training
• Awareness
• General
• Specific
• Skills
• Competencies
20. List OSH Programmes and its example ???
• OSH promotion
• Awareness programme
• Training/induction and other training
• Signs and labels
• Tool box meeting
• Communicating and consultation

21. Describe the Levels Of Emergencies ???
• Level 1 - If within the capabilities of the organisation

• Level 2 - If external assistance is required: mutual aid,
district or other agencies. MKN Arahan 20 may apply.
• Level 3 - State or National Disaster. MKN Arahan 20
takes over.
22. What Is the definition of First-Aid according to ILO???
• First aid is "the immediate and temporary care of the

victim of an accident, with the aim of preventing or
reducing an acute threat to the life or health of the
victim"

PAPER 1 - ESSAY
1. EXPLAIN the Step and Process of Risk Management ?
1) Classify Activities - (Work, Product, Services,

Activities)
2) Identify Hazards
3) Determine Risk
4) Decide if Risk is Tolerable
5) Risk Control Action Plan
2. Describe steps of Procurement And Contractor

Management
Step 1 – Policies
Step 2 - Planning
Step 3 - Select contractor
Step 4 - Clarify contract
Step 5 - Orientation and training
Step 6 - Control of work activity
Step 7 - Post contract evaluation

3.What is the content of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Training ?
• Hazard recognition in the work environment

• What control measures can be taken
• The type of PPE suitable for use
• The limitations of PPE
• Demonstration of correct use
• Practicing using the PPE
• Cleaning, maintaining and repairing PPE
• Use of PPE in dealing with emergencies
4. Draw Incident Command Organisation and explain each

roles and responsibilities
• Refer to ERP organization chart
5. What is the First-Aid Room requirement?
• When more than 150 employees

• Enough to place a couch and people to move around
• Identified, private, well lit (including emergency
lighting), ventilated and temperature controlled
• Access for wheelchair/stretcher
• Easy access to work areas and toilets
• Easy to clean

6.List and describe each Steps In Incident Investigation?
1. Gather information (when , where, who, what , how)

2. Search for and establish facts (people, position, place,
paper)
3. Isolate essential contributing factors (why)
4. Determine the causes & root cause (why)
5. Determine corrective actions (hierarchy of control)
6. Report, review the findings (content/format report)
7. Analyze incidents (statistic)
8. Implement corrective actions (long term, immediate)
7. Describe the content of Management Review ???
• Statistics and trends of accident, near-misses,

dangerous occurrence, poisoning or disease
• Results of internal/external audits/investigation
• Corrective actions carried out
• Reports of emergencies (actual/exercises)
• Organisational changes and plant modifications
• Reports of hazard identification, risk assessment and
risk control processes
• Report on the overall performance of the management
system; managers reports

8. Safety and Health Committee Functions ?
• To assist in the development of programmes and safe

systems of work
• Review effectiveness of programmes
• Inspect workplace
• Report unsafe conditions and unsafe acts
• Recommend corrective actions
• Investigate, any accident, dangerous occurrence,
poisoning or disease
9. What is the difference between Statutory Law (Statute Law)

and the Common Law?
Statute Law
· Contain the Act and Regulations
· Drafted by the Government
· A violation is a criminal offense
· Fines and prison sentences
· Prosecution by Government officials (such as DPP) in
Criminal Court
Common Law
· As a result of decisions made by judges and civil court
· Enable the injuries claim against the responsible party
· Application of the trial made by the lawyers appointed
by the Affected
· Cross-fault compensation in the form of money

10. Describe the general duties of employers and
self-employed person?
· To provide and maintain plant and systems of work;

· Make arrangements for the use, handling, storage and
transport of plant and substances;
· Provide information, instruction, training and
supervision;
· To provide and maintain a workplace which can
assess/egress to / from any place of work;
· To provide and maintain a working environment with an
adequate welfare facilities;
11. List the responsibilities SHO?
· To advise the employer or any person in charge of the

steps that should be taken;
· Inspect the workplace;
· Investigate any accident, dangerous occurrence or
occupational disease;
· Assist employers or health and safety committee to
organize and implement safety and health programs;
· Being secretary to the Health and Safety Committee;
· Assist safety and health committee in any inspection;
· Collect, analyze and maintain statistics of accident /
occupational disease;
· Assist any officer in carrying out its duties under the Act
and Regulations;
· To carry out any other instruction made by the employer
or any person responsible for such matters relating to
safety and health;

12. What is the content of SHO monthly report
a) Any action to be taken by the employer;

b) How to create and maintain safe working conditions &
healthy
c) The number and types of accidents, poisoning,
occupational diseases, including number of persons
injured;
d) Any machinery, plant, process that may cause injury;
e) Any machinery, plant or personal protective equipment
may be required;
f) To recommend any alteration to be made to the
structure or layout of the workplace;
g) Any work related to safety and health that have been
conducted;
h) Any outstanding matters arising from the previous
report (a) to (g) or
i) Any other matter relating to safety and health;

ANSWER
PAPER 2

PAPER 2

1. C
2. B
3. C
4. B
5. C
6. C
7. C
8. B
9. B
10. A
11. C
12. C
13. A
14. B
15. C
16. C
17. D

1. What is Epidemiology?
EPI + Demos + LOGOS

( among ) ( human ) (study)
a) The distribution and determinants of disease

b) Why and how the distribution of the occurrence of the
disease in a specific group
2. Explain the meaning of DOSE ?
• The quantity of material provided to the organisms in a

given time.
3. What does LD50
• 50 % of the test population dies

4. What is Toxicokinetic?
o The movement of toxic substances
o How toxic substances enter into the body

- Inhalation (i.e. carbinol),
- Ingestion (ketone)
- Absorption
• The fate of toxic substances depend on:

- Distribution
- Metabolism
- Excretion
5. Explain how toxic substances enter into the body ?
1. Inhalation
2. Skin Absorption
3. Ingestion - while eating and smoking
4. Injection
6. Define Chemical Distributions?
• Gives an indication of the organs involved and the

potential toxic effects.
7. Define Chemical Metabolisms?
• The process by which a substance which is absorbed is

converted into other substances (metabolites ) .

8. The difference between LOCAL & SYSTEMIC toxic
effects ?
• LOCAL - The effect occurs at the point where the

exposure occurred
• SYSTEMIC - Effects occur away from the spot where

the absorption takes place
9. Give the allowable exposure limits for LEAD, and

ASBESTOS, MINERAL DUST AND NOISE ?
• LEAD: 150 microgram/cubic meter of air

• ASBESTOS: 1 fiber air semilliliter
• MINERAL DUST:
o 5 mg/m3 for respirable dust (respirable dust)
o 10 mg/m3 for total dust
o 0.1 mg/m3 for respirable quartz (respirable
quartz)
• NOISE - 90 dB (A) for 8 hours
10. Agents that cause disease incidence?
• Etiology agent

11.List the information must be stated on the chemical label?
• Name of hazardous chemicals

• Details of supplier
• Symbol of danger & hazard signs
• Nature of special risk
• Safety precautions
12. Define the reaction from STRESS in terms of

psychological
• Short-term
o Mental fatigue, frustration, depression, anger ,
easily distracted
• Long-term
o Depression, anxiety, feeling stuck, unhappy
13. State 3 tension effects (STRESS) from Shift Work ?
1. Effects of circadian rhythms

2. The impact of sleep problems
3. The impact of social and domestic activities

PAPER 2 - ESSAY
1 . Discuss Radiation Protection Program ?
• Risk assessment of new equipment

• Reduction optimal exposure : time , distance,
protection (shielding) - isolation, engineering controls
• Monitoring of radiation dose rates
• Written Standard Operating Procedures
• Training - radiographers , Radiation Protection Officer
• Maintenance and Observations
• Radiation safety audits
• Emergency Plan
• Risk Communication
2. Describe the control measures Before , During and After

Using Pesticides ?
BEFORE
• Appropriate PPE
• Read and follow the directions on the label
• Mix poison in the set measurement
• Select the appropriate tools to spray pesticides that
being used
• PPE and spray equipment in good condition
DURING
• Do not smoke , eat or drink during spraying
• Do not spray from the opposite direction of the wind
• Make sure no one approached when spraying
• Do not blown a clogged sprayer

AFTER
• Spray equipment, clothing and PPE used should be
washed and stored in a safe place
• Immediately shower with soap and a lot of water
• Keep a record of all pesticide use in special books
• Empty pesticides container to be disposed at the
correct place
• Pesticides users must be aware of emergency treatment
and response
3.List the information that must be included in the CSDS
1) The identity of the substance and details of the

supplier ;
2) Other materials clearly identify hazardous chemicals ;
3) Identification of hazards ;
4) First aid measures ;
5) Fire Extinguishing Measures;
6) Measures to handle accidental discharge ;
7) Handling and storage;
8) Exposure controls and personal protection ;
9) The physical and chemical properties ;
10) Stability and reactivity ;
11) Toxicological information ;
12) Ecology Information;
13) Disposal Information ;
14) Transportion Information, and
15) Date of preparation of Safety Data Sheet

4 . List the information that must be included in the report
CHRA
1) Potential risks
2) Methods and procedures of chemical usage
3) Characteristics of the health hazards
4) Level of exposure
5) Risk to health
6) Control measures
7) Measures to control the accidental discharge
8) Employee monitoring program
9) Health surveillance
10) Training and retraining of workers
5 . List the factors to be taken to assess the risk of the hazards

of machinery - in terms of the environment , people and
operations ?
Environment
• Exposure
• Noise
• Dusty
• Entry/exit
• Temperature
• Work floor
Individual Factors
• Operator is not competent
• Psychological and physiological factors

Operating Factors
• Unexpected machinery movement
• Mechanical failure
• Duration of operation
6 . What is the principle of fencing in terms of engineering

practice?
• Strong
• Able to provide the required protection
• Protect dangerous parts as close as possible
• Not interfere with work / process
• Safe to be use
7 . Describe the equipment/machinery safe prevention &

operating control?
• Provide Safety and Health Policy

• Carry out supervision
• Provide safe handling training for employees
• Installing warning signs
• Provide a safe work procedures (SOPs)
• Conduct inspections on equipment prior to use
• Establish inspection checklist
• Establish safety rules
• Changing work methods, if necessary
• Conduct preventive maintenance programs
• Provide a screen protector for machinery
• Conduct inspections from time to time on the

workplace environment
• Requiring employees to report any dangerous
occurrence
• Prohibit wearing a loose, long hair storage
8. Explain the safety precautions during welding ?

• Fence welding area
• Provide fire prevention and fire fighting equipment in
the welding area
• Separate combustible materials from the work area
• Provide and ensure wearing of protective clothing and
equipment (PPE ) suitable for welding
• Provision of Local Exhaust Ventilation for the welding
process
• Provide safe work procedures for the welding
activities
• Provide health and safety training for welders
• Selecting the right employees
• Supervise welding
9. List the types of defects ( defects ) that often occurs during

mechanical handling?
• Wire Rope narrowed reduce/slimming

• Wire Rope @ chain length expanded
• Worn chain surface
• Worn lifting equipment
• Hooks ajar
• Brake failure

• Broken wire rope
• Bend girders or structures
• Bend Boom
• System limitation device fails
• Safety latch hook missing
10 . Provide Transportation Accident Prevention method ?
Control of Driver:
• Selection of a competent driver
• Provide training to drivers
• Allows only authorized drivers to drive
• Encourage feedback / report any damage, the incident
happened on the vehicle
• Performs annual medical examination for drivers
Vehicle:
• Provide vehicle maintenance program
• Vehicle Inspection
• Installing / security alarm for reverse movement
• Installing the device to control vehicle speed limit
• Choosing the right vehicle and the ability to perform
his duties
• The use of vehicle is limited only to a specific driver
only at any time
Environment
• Making the yellow line on the floor
• Ensure proper floor structure and can accommodate
loading and haulage equipment

• Provide a place to unload/put vehicles
• Installing a mirror at a sharp angle
• Warning lights in the path of the vehicle
• Isolating path between pedestrians and vehicles
• Provide adequate lighting for dark areas
Administration
• Install speed limit signs, No Entry etc.
• Supervise the work of critical transportation
• Monitoring the implementation of the procedure /
system of work that has been introduced
• Create and enforce traffic regulations in the workplace
premises
11. What safety precautions BEFORE entering a confined

space?
• Hold a permit to enter and work in confined spaces

• Provide a safe work procedures (SOPs)
• SOP training session for employees involved
• Measurement of oxygen or flammable gas in a
confined space by Gas Tester (Authorised Gas Tester)
• Free (purging) harmful gases / pollutants and provide
adequate ventilation
• Installing warning signs and fence barrier around the
work area
• Provide fire prevention equipment in a confined space
near the hole
• Organize rescue, first aid and providing emergency
equipment
• Hiring and record a supervisor and assistant to oversee
the activities to be carried out
• Prepare and provide personal protective equipment
(PPE) for use by employees and rescue
• Separation / close all valves and connections to the
tank through the lock out and tag out
• Provide exhaust system if necessary (for leechers
activities dusty or welding)
• Use an electric hand tools or relevant to the work
activities to be implemented
• Insulate electrical equipment to be used
• Providing accessibility to / from the tank safe
• Selecting and recording healthy workers (physical and
mental) and trained to do the job

PAPER 3

PAPER 3
SKILL STATION
1. What is the criteria to selection hearing protection ???
o The characteristics of the noise
o Frequency of exposure
o Comfort of the user
o Communication needs
o Medical conditions
2. Number of first aider depend on ??
• The numbers of employees.
• The distribution of employees
• Number of shifts
• The nature of the work (type of industry)
• The size and location of the workplace
• The distance from outside medical services

3. What is the requirement for a First-Aid Box?
• Sturdy, portable and readily accessible - mobile

employees also to be considered
• Names of First Aiders / emergency services on or near

to box
• CPR instructions in / or near box
• Place of work injury instructions in or near to box
• Content is dependent on the type of services required
• Headaches and colds medicine may not be included

4. Example of Proactive Performance Measures ???
• Percent of compliance to legislation
• Percentage of training completed
• Frequency of "walk through" and “checklist

inspections” carried out
• Number of corrective actions completed on time
• Availability of competent persons
• Frequency of emergency drills and exercise carried out
• Speed of emergency response
5. List every steps of the OSH Audit Process ???
1. Initiating the audit

2. Document Review
3. Preparing For Audit
4. On-site audit activities
5. Audit Report
6. Audit Completion
7. Follow - Up

6. List the Contents Of Audit Report ???
A) Audit objectives and scope

B) Audit plan
C) Identification of the auditing team
D) Audited representatives
E) Dates of audit
F) Identification of the areas subject to audit
G) The identification of reference documents used
H) Details of identified non-conformances
I) Assessment of conformity with standards or guidelines
J) The ability of the OSH-MS to achieve its objectives
K) Distribution of audit report
7. What is the meaning of Law of Tort and give the

classification?
• Torts are civil offenses such as misconduct by a person

who shall entitle the injured / abused in a civil court
claim
• Classification of Torts:
! Nuisance
! Negligence
! Defamation
! Trespassing

8. What is the philosophy and principles of OSHA?
• Responsibility for safety and health at work is on those

who create the risks and those who work with the risk
o Self Regulation
o Consultation
o Co-operation and employees participation
9. List the functions of the Safety Committee?
• To assist in the making of rules and safe systems of

work;
• To review the effectiveness of safety and health;
• Conduct research on the trends of accidents, incidents
and disease;
• To report unsafe conditions and practices with
recommendations for improvement;
• To review and make recommendations on the safety
and health policy.
10. List documents requires for the approval of imported

Steam Boiler & Unfired Pressure Vessels
• Certificate from the manufacturer;

• Three copies design drawings;
• Information on the code of the design or
specifications;
• Information regarding surface heating for Steam
Boiler;

11. List the type of work that requires Inspection and
Supervision by the Designated Person in need of work:
• Activities concrete work (erecting formwork

(formwork);
• Activity installing / dismantling of scaffolding;
• Safety Nets;
• All demolition activities etc;
• All machinery ' Pile - driving ' before work;
• Each safety belt and line life (life line);
12. The construction sector validation by Professional

Engineers in need for this type of work:
• Catch platforms;
• Scaffolding metal tube > 40m;
• Other types of scaffolding etc. > 15m;
• Concrete work such as:
o Formwork structure;
o Reshores;
o Floors and stripping activities;
13 List the job scope of Fire Department:
• Taking Steps to Extinguishing, fighting, fire

prevention and control;
• Protect life and property in case of fire;
• Identify fire exits: have maintenance on exit and
regularly ensure in good condition; sufficient for all
designated premises;
• Carry out investigations as to the cause of the fire;
• Implementing humanitarian services (protection of life
and property) in the event of any disaster;
14. What types of accidents that must be reported within 7
days of using Form JKKP 6 and specify circumstances where
allowed to interfere and change the evidence of accident
• Type of Accident To Be Reported Within 7 calendar days

o Death
o More than 4 days medical leave
o Dangerous Occurrence
•Situation
o To save life or injury or relieve Prevent
Suffering
o Maintain access of general public to
essential service or utility
o Prevent further damage or serious loss of
property or environment
15. Explain the difference between the Exposure Dose (ED),

Toxic Dose (TD) and the Lethal Dose (LD)
• Exposure Dose (ED) - Secure the reverse effect (eg

Heartburn points)
• Toxic Dose (TD) - eg brain damage
• Lethal Dose (LD) - dead
16. What factors determine the toxic effects?
• Duration of acute or chronic exposure

• Place of toxic effects - local or systemic
• Time at which the effects occur after exposure
(immediate or delayed)

17. Describe the types of Toxic Effects?
• The ability to reverse the effects (reversible) or

(irreversible)
• Involved organs (lungs, nervous system, etc.)
• Special effects (eg carcinogenic, allergenic,
mutagenesis)
18. Define Permissible Limit (PEL) , Threshold Limit Values

(TLV) and CEIL ( C ) , Threshold Limit Value - Short Term
Exposure Limit ( TLV - STEL ) ?
• Permissible Limit (PEL) - CEIL or weighted average

airborne concentration of eight hours or the maximum
exposure limit.
• Threshold Limit Value (TLV) - the concentration of a
substance in the air at which most workers can be
exposed repeatedly without causing adverse health
effects.
• Ceiling Limit (C) - the concentration in air not more
during any part of the workday.
• Threshold Limit Value - Short Term Exposure Limit
(TLV - STEL): Threshold limit values for exposure
time is short

19. What is the difference between Respirable and Inhalable
Dust?
• Respirable dust (Respirable Dust )
•Can reach the lungs
•Less than 10 micrometers in diameter
•The effect on the lungs
• Inhalable dust ( Inhalable Dust )

•Can be inhaled into the respiratory system
•Up to 100 micrometers in diameter
•Affect the respiratory system or systemic
20. Classification of hazardous chemicals in CLASS

Regulation 2013
Regulation
• Physical
• Health
• Environmental

21. Describe the conditions PACKAGING - of the
CLASS Regulation 2013?
1. Containers designed and constructed so that its

contents are not out
2. Materials are not easily damaged by the contents
3. Steady and strong to bear the stresses and strains of
normal operation
4. Ex -mounted fastening device ( Fastening device) can
be can be fastened alternately repeatedly without the
contents out
5. Install the seals ( seal) , when the container opened the
seals will be broken and cannot be repaired
22. Define Sampling and Monitoring , differences and

examples
• Monitoring is monitoring the pollution level in the

work environment by sampling or measurement
(Including noise , heat stress , dust and other)
• Sampling is to collect air samples to find out the level
of pollutants suspended in air or levels that may be
inhaled by workers (Just for suspended pollutants such
as dust , fumes ( fume ) , gas and steam ( vapor ) .

23. List Of Chemical Analysis Method
• Gravimetric
• Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS)
• Gas Chromatography ( GC )
• Infra - Red Spectrophotometry
• Asbestos Calculations Using The Microscope Phase
Contrast
24. What is the difference between Health Surveillance &

Biological Monitoring?
• Health Surveillance
!Monitoring of an individual to identify changes in
health due to exposure to harmful elements and
includes biological monitoring
• Biological Monitoring
!Ameasure of the harmful elements or by-product in
the tissues or body fluids or exhaled air
25 . What are the minimum requirements to protect from

mechanical danger ?
• Prevent touch
• To prevent objects from falling into the machine
• Not producing new hazards
• Not a nuisance to work
• Provide safety

26. List Of Protection By Operation?
• Automatic Feed
• Semi-automatic feed
• Automatic Output
• Semi-automatic Output
• Robotics
27. In terms of MACHINERY factor , give 5 ways to keep

equipment operating safely ?
1. Stabil machinery
2. Guarding
3. Ergonomic featured control buttons
4. Speed Control
5. Free from any danger of vibration
6. Solid machine structure
7. Safe Design
28 . What things should be taken into account in the selection

of safe hand tools?
• Materials Quality
• Ergonomics
• Use of appropriate material
• Safety (i.e. guards for portable power tools )
29. Define criteria of Safe Fencing?

• Strong
• Resistant to the environment (i.e. acidic environment )
• Safe and appropriate design
• Requires minimum maintenance
• Provide the necessary protection
• Fencing materials do not endanger workers
• Install appropriate fencing
• Establish administrative control (such as signage ,
inspection)
30 . What is the definition of ' Confined Spaces '
• " A room with entry / exit limited , inadequate

ventilation and not designed as a place to carry out
normal work "
31. What Are The Benefits & Weaknesses of:

a) Interlocking guards
b) Adjustable guards
• INTERLOCKING GUARDS
o Benefit:
! Maximum protection
! Allow access to machinery to remove
without removing guards
o Weakness
! Require maintenance & intensive
adjustment
! Easy to be by-passed or disengaged

• Adjustable Guard
o Benefits
! Can be built for customization for
specific use
! Can be customized to allow different
sizes of material
o Weakness
! Operator can enter the danger zone
! Incomplete coverage of all time
! Need regular maintenance/coordination
! Can restrict vision
! Can be make ineffective by operator

PAPER 4

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SAFETY & HEALTH

[email protected] 017 – 374 6060 1

In 2004 he has been seconded to head NIOSH Certification Sdn Bhd

To the public in general, he has been actively involved as an invited

[email protected] 017 – 374 6060 2

• The preparations of any part or overall content of this

• For information, the author has no previous or current

• As this book is only meant to be used as reference or

• The author of this book is NOT RESPONSIBLE for the

[email protected] 017 – 374 6060 3

[email protected] 017 – 374 6060 4

[email protected] 017 – 374 6060 5

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

2. Who is the father of occupational medicine?

3. Who introduce Domino Theory???

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5. Below are accident Hidden Costs, EXCEPT???

6. Arrange the 4 steps in implementing Safety & Health

1. Implement policy by making arrangements

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8. Selection on respirator depends on the list below except?

9. What is the retention period of CHRA Report???

10. Which is the element in ISO 45001 describe

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A) RM 1,000 AND 3 MONTHS JAIL OR BOTH

12. Below are some of the reasons DIRECTOR GENERAL

A) SHO has ceased to be a Health and Safety Officer;

13. SHO to submit a monthly report to the employer by:

A) 7th day of the month

14. SHO reports retention period

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A) Sawmill with 100 workers

16. The reasons for the Safety and Health Committee

A) Failure to attend two consecutive meetings;

17. Retention period of Safety & Health Committee meeting

18. What is the penalty in the Safety & Health Committee

A) RM 1,000 AND 3 MONTHS JAIL OR BOTH

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A) Major Hazard Industry

20. Mineral Dust maximum penalty

21. Mineral Dust medical surveillance records retention period

A) As long as employees working

22. For workers exposed to Action Level under the Allowable

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24. The duty of a Competent Person to inspect the lift are as

25. Contractor Safety Supervisor is required for a project

A) Total employees of more than 100 people

26. Employment Act 1955 covers employees following

A) Starting salary exceeding RM 2,000 per month

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2.Name the theory that stated underlying cause of accidents

3. WHAT IS “Robens style” legislation:

4. Name 2 types of OSH Management System

8. List 3 Types Of Incident Prevention Cost - Plus Example

9. LIST FOUR (4) PRINCIPLES OF DUPONT 10

10. WHAT IS Legal Requirements – FOR SAFETY

11. What is the definition of `HAZARD' ?

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13. What is the definition of `RISK' ?