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LAB#5

This experiment aims to study kinematics equations in one dimension and verify Newton's Second Law. It uses an air track apparatus to measure the motion of a glider as hanging masses are added. Time and position data are collected using photogates as the glider passes through. Calculations are done to determine velocity, acceleration, and verify that acceleration is directly proportional to net force and inversely proportional to mass, as Newton's Second Law states.

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Mohamed Nasser
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24 views8 pages

LAB#5

This experiment aims to study kinematics equations in one dimension and verify Newton's Second Law. It uses an air track apparatus to measure the motion of a glider as hanging masses are added. Time and position data are collected using photogates as the glider passes through. Calculations are done to determine velocity, acceleration, and verify that acceleration is directly proportional to net force and inversely proportional to mass, as Newton's Second Law states.

Uploaded by

Mohamed Nasser
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EXPERIMENT 5:

KINEMATICS IN ONE DIMENSION &


NEWTON’S SECOND LAW
INTRODUCTION

• Mechanics is usually divided into two parts: dynamics and kinematics

• Kinematics is concerned with the description of the motion using the concepts
of space and time regardless of the causes of this motion
OBJECTIVE

• To study kinematics equations in one dimension


• To verify Newton’s Second Law for one dimensional motion
THEORY
• Assuming that the initial position of the object is zero (i.e. x0 = 0), the
kinematics equations that relate positions (x), velocity (v), acceleration
(a), and time (t) can be expressed as follows:

𝑣 = 𝑣0 + 𝑎 𝑡 → Eq.(1)
1
𝑥 = 𝑣0 𝑡 + 𝑎 𝑡2 → Eq.(2)
2
𝑣 2 = 𝑣02 + 2 𝑎 𝑥 → Eq.(3)

where v0 is the initial velocity of the object and v is the final velocity of the object
• Newton’s’ second law of motion states that:

The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force


acting on it and is inversely proportional to its mass.

• σ𝑭 = 𝒎 𝒂

where σ 𝑭 is for the net force, m is for the mass, and a is for the acceleration
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE
1. Set up the air track apparatus
2. The distance between the two photogates x should be  50 cm
3. Fix a flag on top of glider
4. Hold the glider steady at one end of the track and hang the thread over the pulley at
the other end photogates
5. Add small weight to the hanger
6. Switch on the air supply x
flag L
thread pulley
glider

weight
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE
1. Record the times t0 and t the flag takes to pass through the first and the second
photogate, respectively
2. Repeat for different hanging masses

DATA
1. Determine v0 using 𝑣0 =
𝐿 CALCULATIONS
𝑡0
𝐿
2. Determine v using 𝑣 =
𝑡
𝑣 2 −𝑣02
3. Calculate a from Eq.(3) → 𝑎𝑘 =
2𝑥
𝑚2 𝑔
4. Calculate a from Newton’s second Law → 𝑎𝑁 = , where m1 is the glider mass and
𝑚1 + 𝑚2
m2 is the hanging mass

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