CALIFORNIA ARCHITECTS BOARD

Building Official
Information Guide
2021
Table of Contents

Purpose 1

Introduction 3

Advertising of Architectural Services 5

Aiding and Abetting Unlicensed Practice 6

Architects Scope of Practice 7

Building Designers 13

Building Official’s Responsibility with Respect to Architects Practice Act 14

Complaint Procedures 18

Contractors 19

Disasters 21

Engineers 24

Exempt Buildings and Structures 26

Interior Designers 30

Landscape Architects 32

Land Surveyors 36

Mechanics Lien Laws 37

Signature Requirement 38

Stamp Requirement 41

Unlicensed Individuals 43

Index by Topic 49

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n Building Official Information Guide III

IV
Purpose

This guide for building officials is provided by the California Architects

Board to assist you in understanding the laws and regulations
governing the practice of architecture and landscape architecture
in California.

The guide is a compilation of questions received from officials. It is

intended as a source of basic information and does not attempt to
address all the questions that could arise covering the practice of
architecture in this large, diverse state.

Some of the items covered are interpretations of the Architects

Practice Act and the Board’s rules and regulations. Other items are
explanatory and/or advisory.

If you need further information or assistance concerning this guide,

please contact:

California Architects Board

2420 Del Paso Road, Suite 105, Sacramento, California 95834

Phone: (916) 574-7220 Landscape Architects Technical Committee

Toll-Free: (800) 991-2223 Phone: (916) 575-7230

Fax: (916) 575-7283 Fax: (916) 575-7283

Email: [email protected]
Email: [email protected]
Website: www.cab.ca.gov Website: www.latc.ca.gov

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n Purpose 1
2
Introduction

Californians work and live in environments designed by licensed

architects. The decisions of architects about materials and their
scope of practice impact the health and safety for present and
future generations.

To reduce the possibility of building failure, encourage energy

conscious design, provide disability access, and safeguard the
public, those representing themselves as skilled in the design of
complex structures must meet minimum standards of competency.

The California Architects Board was created by the California

Legislature in 1901 to safeguard the public’s health, safety, and
welfare. It is one of the boards, bureaus, commissions, and
committees within the Department of Consumer Affairs, which is part
of the Business, Consumer Services and Housing Agency under the
aegis of the governor. The Department is responsible for consumer
protection and representation through the regulation of licensed
professions and the provision of consumer services.

The Board assumed administrative responsibility in January 1998

for regulating landscape architects. The Landscape Architects
Technical Committee (LATC) acts in an advisory capacity to the
Board and performs duties delegated to it by the Board.

The Board attempts to ensure that all who practice architecture are
licensed and qualified to practice. To become licensed as an architect,
a candidate must successfully complete the Architect Registration
Examination, a written California Supplemental Examination, as well
as provide evidence of at least eight years of education and/or
experience.

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n Introduction 3
 The Board’s Enforcement Program has the power, duty, and authority
to investigate violations of the Architects Practice Act and the
Landscape Architects Practice Act and take disciplinary or
enforcement action against violators accordingly.

Building officials, on the other hand, enforce building code

requirements, which are also designed to protect public health and
safety. Many building departments depend on licensed design
professionals (architects and engineers) to deliver structures that meet
code standards. So, while building officials rely on licensing boards
to ensure that architects and engineers are competent, the licensing
boards rely on building officials to ensure that only properly licensed
or registered professionals prepare, stamp, and sign plans and
specifications for nonexempt structures.

In order to protect California consumers, the Board encourages

building officials and their staff to promptly report suspected violations
of the Architects Practice Act and Landscape Architects Practice
Act, such as advertising violations, unlicensed practice, fraudulent
stamps, and aiding or abetting, to the Board’s Enforcement Unit.
This information may be submitted anonymously.

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4 Introduction n
Advertising of Architectural Services

1. May an unlicensed person advertise architectural services?

No. An individual not licensed by the Board may not advertise
or practice architecture in California. An unlicensed person
cannot “ … advertise or put out any sign, card, or other
device t hat might indicate to the public that he or she is an
architect, that he or she is qualified to engage in the practice
of architecture, o
r that he or she is an architectural designer.”
An unlicensed individual may not offer architectural services
or advertise on the internet, in a phone book, or business
directories under headings such as “architect,” “architectural
design,” or “architectural drafting.”
(Ref.: Business and Professions Code (BPC) § 5536(a))

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n Advertising of Architectural Services 5

 Aiding and Abetting Unlicensed Practice

1. What constitutes aiding and abetting?

Aiding and abetting occurs when a California licensed architect:

Assists unlicensed individuals to circumvent the Architects

Practice Act, BPC section 5500 et seq.
Stamps and signs documents that have not been prepared
by the a rchitect or under the architect’s responsible control.
Permits his or her name to be used for the purpose of
assisting any person, not an architect, to evade the provisions
of the Architects Practice Act.
(Ref.: BPC §§ 5582, 5582.1 and California Code of
Regulations (CCR), title 16, section 151)

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6 Aiding and Abetting Unlicensed Practice n

Architects Scope of Practice

1. Who may refer to themselves as architects?

Only individuals who hold a current license issued by the Board
may refer to themselves as architects or use any term similar to the
word architect to describe themselves, their qualifications, or the
services they provide.
(Ref.: BPC § 5536(a))

2. What may an architect design?

The Architects Practice Act defines the practice of architecture as
including “ … the planning of sites, and the design, in whole or in
part, of buildings, or groups of buildings and structures.” Therefore,
an architect may design any building type and all components
therein. An exception is the structural design of a hospital that
must be done by a structural engineer pursuant to
the Health and Safety Code.
(Ref.: BPC §§ 5500.1, 6737 and Health and Safety Code
(HSC) § 129805)

3. What is the Board’s definition of construction o

bservation
services?
“Construction observation services” means periodic observation
of completed work (in progress) to determine general compliance
with the plans, specifications, reports or other contract
documents. “Construction observation services” does not mean
the superintendence (supervision) of construction processes,
site conditions, operations, equipment, or personnel, or the
maintenance of a safe place to work or any safety in, on, or about
the site.
(Ref.: BPC § 5536.25(c))

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n Architects Scope of Practice 7

 4. May architects design bridges?
In conjunction with the planning of a site and/or the design of a
building, or groups of buildings, the Architects Practice Act and
the Professional Engineers Act exemptions allow an architect to
design all on-site improvements, including a structure such as
a bridge.
Exception: If on-site improvements such as roads, bridges, etc.,
are being submitted subject to the Subdivision Map Act, they
must be designed by appropriate engineers.
(Ref.: BPC §§ 5500.1, 6737 and Gov. Code § 66410 et seq.)

5. If the architect has not agreed to provide construction

phase services for the owner of the project, can the
building official require the architect to review project
shop drawings?
No. The architect has no obligation to provide such services either
to the owner of the project or to a local building jurisdiction.
(Ref.: BPC § 5536.25)

6. May an architect act as a general contractor for the

owner and hire subcontractors for the construction
phase of a project under his architectural license?
No. An architect would also need to be licensed as a contractor
to perform such services. The California Contractors License Law
does not exempt architects unless they are acting solely within
their professional capacity, which does not include contracting
construction work for others.
(Ref.: BPC §§ 5500.1, 7051)

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8 Architects Scope of Practice n

7. Does an architect’s license entitle an architect to build an
exempt building without a contractor’s license?
No. The construction of buildings is governed by the California
Contractors License Law (commencing with BPC section
7000). T he law has an exemption that allows a person who is
not a licensed contractor to construct a single-family residential
structure provided they meet certain requirements. Questions
concerning this exemption should be directed to the Contractors
State License Board.
(Ref.: BPC §§ 5500.1 and 7000 et seq.)

8. May architects prepare, stamp, and sign mechanical,

electrical, and plumbing drawings?
Yes. The Architects Practice Act allows architects to prepare,
stamp, and sign mechanical, electrical, and plumbing drawings
since the definition for scope of architectural practice includes
“ … the design, in whole or in part, of buildings … .”
(Ref.: BPC §§ 5500.1, 6737)

9. May architects certify elevations of structures on a site

when such certifications are required by building officials?
Yes. However, the certification must be based on survey data
furnished by licensed land surveyors or appropriately registered
civil engineers.
(Ref.: BPC §§ 5500.1, 5536.26, 8700)

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n Architects Scope of Practice 9

 10. Are there any height restrictions or limitations imposed b
y
the Board as to an architect’s structural design authority?
No.
(Ref.: BPC § 5500.1)

11. May an architect prepare, stamp, and sign landscape

drawings without a landscape architect’s license?
Yes. The architect is responsible for the planning of a site and is
exempt from the Landscape Architects Practice Act; therefore, the
architect may prepare, stamp, and sign landscape drawings for
the site.
(Ref.: BPC §§ 5500.1, 5641.3)

12. May an architect prepare designs for site retaining walls,

culverts, and other fixed works on a site i f the architect is
not responsible for the site planning of a project and the
work is not considered a “phase of architecture” under the
Professional Engineers Act exemption?
No, if the architect is not responsible for the planning of the site or
the “fixed works” are not associated with the design of a building
or groups of buildings. Under such circumstances, the “fixed
works” would be considered civil engineering, and the architect
would not qualify for the exemption under the Professional
Engineers Act.
(Ref.: BPC §§ 5500.1, 6737)

13. May architects prepare, stamp, and sign site grading

and drainage plans?
es. An architect is allowed under the Architects Practice Act
Y
and the Professional Engineers Act exemption to prepare, stamp,
and sign site grading and drainage plans, except where such
plans are submitted pursuant to the Subdivision Map Act. Cities
or counties may not prohibit an architect from engaging in the

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10 Architects Scope of Practice n

 preparation of plans for site grading, which is a function of the
practice of architecture as defined in BPC section 5500.1.
(Ref.: BPC §§ 460, 5500.1, 6737 and Gov. Code § 66410
et seq.)

14. Can local building officials insist that civil engineers

prepare and sign site grading and site drainage drawings
as a condition for permit issuance even t hough an architect
prepares the site plan and the grading and drainage plans?
No. Architects are allowed by the Architects Practice Act to
prepare, stamp, and sign such drawings as part of their services.
State licensure of architects supersedes any local code or
ordinance that might restrict an architect licensed by the state
from performing services.
(Ref.: Response to question #13 and BPC §§ 460, 5500.1)

15. Are architects authorized to perform soil tests?

No. Such tests are not considered to be part of the practice of
architecture.
(Ref.: BPC § 5500.1)

16. Does an architect’s license entitle an architect to perform

special inspections as specified in the C
alifornia Building
Standards Code without demonstrating their ability to
perform such service to the satisfaction of a building
official?
No. Special inspections are not considered to be part of the
practice of architecture. Therefore, an architect would have to
comply with a building official’s requirement to demonstrate
such ability before being permitted to perform required special
inspections.
(Ref.: BPC § 5500.1)

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n Architects Scope of Practice 11

 17. May architects prepare, stamp and sign structural
calculations and structural drawings?
Yes. The Architects Practice Act allows architects to prepare,
stamp, and sign structural calculations and structural drawings
since the definition for scope of architectural practice includes
“… the design, in whole or in part, of buildings …” except for
the structural calculations and structural drawings for a hospital,
which must be prepared by a structural engineer.
(Ref.: BPC §§ 5500.1, 6737 and HSC § 129805)

18. Are architects authorized to perform surveys without a

land surveyor’s license or civil engineer registration?
No.
(Ref.: BPC § 5500.1)

19. When a licensed architect working on a project quits

or is discharged, may another architect sign the original
licensee’s plans or instruments?
If both architects are licensed in California, and the supplanting
architect completely reviews the plans of the original architect,
making necessary, or client-directed changes, the supplanting
architect has “prepared” the plans for purposes of BPC section
5582.1 and may stamp and sign them, absent fraud, deception,
or dishonesty.
(Ref.: CCR, title 16, §151)

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12 Architects Scope of Practice n

Building Designers

1. Are building designers licensed by the state?

No. At one time, the state recognized “registered building
designers”; however, that category was eliminated in 1985.
(Ref.: BPC § 5536(a) and (b))

2. May individuals advertise as building designers?

Yes. However, they cannot refer to themselves as “registered”
building designers or otherwise indicate that they are licensed or
registered by the state.
(Ref.: BPC § 5536(a))

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n Building Designers 13
 Building Official’s Responsibility with
Respect to Architects Practice Act

1. Are building officials required to verify whether the

individual who prepares and submits permit documents
for nonexempt projects has a current license?
Yes. If a building permit is required, building officials are required
to verify that an individual who prepares and submits permit
documents for nonexempt projects has a current license. The
building official must require a signed statement that the person
who prepared the plans and specifications is licensed under
the Architects Practice Act or is otherwise licensed in this state
to prepare the plans and specifications. An architect’s signature
and stamp on plans and specifications will satisfy the signed
statement requirement. If the person submitting the plans
purports to be an architect and is not listed on the Board’s license
verification website, the building official should contact the Board
for verification.
(Ref.: BPC § 5536.2)

2. When plans have been filed by the original architect

of record, may a building official accept changes to
those plans that are submitted by the supplanting
architect or engineer?
A building official is only required to verify that the appropriate
stamp and signature is on the documents before a permit is
issued and that design changes are made and approved by the
appropriate person.
(Ref.: BPC § 5536.25, CCR, title 16, § 151, and California
Building Standards Code (CBSC), title 24, § 106.4.4.1)

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14 Building Official’s Responsibility with Respect to Architects Practice Act n

3. Is a building official required to notify an architect of record
when another architect/engineer takes over a project, uses
that architect’s drawings, or makes changes?
No. The Architects Practice Act does not require this notification.

4. Is a building official liable if he or she informs the Board of

possible aiding and abetting that later turns out to be
unfounded and the architect takes legal action against the
building official?
The law grants a qualified privilege to individuals who
communicate, in good faith, to an official administrative agency
concerning a possible violation of law. Further information
on this subject should be obtained from the legal advisor for
the building department.
(Ref.: California Code, Civil Code § 47)

5. Sometimes an owner has separate contracts with an

architect and the structural, civil, mechanical, and e lectrical
engineers. No one discipline has overall coordination of the
project, and a design change is required that will affect the
work of all disciplines. May a building official require the
project architect to sign for changes on his own work as
well as others? Can the architect coordinate the work of
the others?
No. The architect is only required to stamp, sign, and take
responsibility for his or her own documents. The same shall apply
to each design professional. The building official should notify the
owner that such coordination is required, and it is the owner’s
responsibility to arrange for proper coordination. An architect can
coordinate the services and documents of others if he or she
accepts the responsibility.
(Ref.: BPC § 5536.1)

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n Building Official’s Responsibility with Respect to Architects Practice Act 15

 6. May an architect certify that the construction of a project
is in conformance with the design documents?
Yes, the architect can certify that the construction is in
conformance, but the architect may choose not to do so.
(Ref.: BPC § 5536.26)

7. If an architect asks or requests by phone that a building

official make required design changes that the architect
will approve later, should the building official make such
changes?
No, not without prior written confirmation. It is not the building
official’s responsibility to make design changes.
(Ref.: BPC § 5536.25)

8. Is a building official liable if he or she approves the plan

submittal and later learns that the architect who submitted
the plans has a revoked or suspended l icense?
The Board does not determine liability. This is a question of civil
law. Building officials should discuss this issue with their legal
advisors. To avoid such problems, the law requires the building
department to verify licensure prior to issuing any permit.
(Ref.: BPC § 5536.2)

9. Should a building official make a design change to a

drawing that requires design changes?
If a building official makes design changes to drawings without the
authorization or approval of the architect, the architect will not be
responsible for damages caused by those changes. The building
official could be responsible for damage caused by his or her
unauthorized changes. Building officials should discuss this issue
with its legal advisor before undertaking any such action.
(Ref.: BPC § 5536.25)

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16 Building Official’s Responsibility with Respect to Architects Practice Act n

10. Are building departments required to maintain record
copies of permitted drawings?
Yes, under certain circumstances. Refer to HSC section 19850,
which requires that drawings of certain categories of buildings be
retained by local building departments.

11. Are building officials required to give a copy of record

documents to anyone who asks for them?
No. See HSC section 19851, which specifies who may obtain
copies of drawings and under what conditions.

12. Do building officials need to verify licensure of persons

signing plans for exempt projects?
Only if plans are being submitted or prepared by a licensed
design professional.
(Ref.: BPC § 5536.2)

13. When should verification of licensure be made?

Verification of licensure should be done at the time of initial
submittal of the plans and specifications.
(Ref.: BPC § 5536.2)

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n Building Official’s Responsibility with Respect to Architects Practice Act 17

 Complaint Procedures

1. How is a complaint filed?

Anyone who believes there has been a violation of the Architects
Practice Act may file a complaint with the Board. All complaints
should be filed in writing. A complaint form is available on the
Board’s website, www.cab.ca.gov, or the complainant may send
a letter or email to the Board detailing the event(s) that led to the
complaint with copies of all documentation (plans, contracts,
business cards, correspondence, etc.) to substantiate the
complaint.

2. Is there a way to find out whether a complaint has been

filed against an architect or an unlicensed individual?

Contact the Board. Pursuant to its regulation on public information

disclosure, the Board will disclose any disciplinary or enforcement
actions taken against the person, including citations, accusations,
statements of issues, and disciplinary decisions. The Board may
only disclose complaint information if it is determined to have a
direct effect on public safety.
(Ref.: CCR, title 16, § 137)

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18 Complaint Procedures n
Contractors

1. Are contractors exempt from the Architects Practice Act?

A contractor may design what an unlicensed person may design
under BPC sections 5537 (exempt structures) and 5538 as
determined by the local building official.

With regard to nonexempt structures, the contractor is limited to

services specifically noted in BPC section 6737.3 (Professional
Engineers Act); appropriately licensed contractors may design
mechanical and electrical systems in accordance with applicable
construction codes if they also install those systems. If they
do not install the systems and supervise the installation of the
systems, they must have an architect or engineer design the
systems.

In addition, a contractor may design systems needed to complete

the written contract. Such systems are considered temporary and
must be removed once the project is completed.
(Ref.: BPC §§ 5537, 6737.3)

2. May a licensed contractor perform design services

under the direction of a structural or civil engineer for
a nonexempt structure?
Yes, if the contractor works under the responsible charge of the
engineer, and the engineer signs all engineering documents
prepared by the contractor.
(Ref.: BPC § 5537.2)

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n Contractors 19
 3. May contractors design nonexempt structures if they
are going to build them?
No. Contractors may only design exempt buildings and
nonstructural or nonseismic storefronts or interior alterations that
do not affect the structural system or safety of the building. If
they associate with an architect or engineer, contractors may
prepare documents under the direct supervision of an architect or
engineer; however, the architect or engineer must stamp and sign
the documents.
(Ref.: BPC §§ 5537.2, 5538)

4. May the building official delay the project until properly

prepared documents are resubmitted for approval?
This question should be discussed with the legal advisor for the
building department.

5. May licensed contractors prepare and sign drawings for

their respective systems without supervision of an architect
or engineer?
Yes. The Professional Engineers Act states that appropriately
licensed contractors may design electrical or mechanical systems
for any building if they also install them.
(Ref.: BPC § 6737.3)

6. May a general contractor prepare and sign drawings

pertaining to mechanical, electrical, and plumbing systems
for nonexempt structures?
No. If the general contractor does prepare mechanical or electrical
drawings, he or she must do so under the supervision of an
architect or appropriately registered engineer. The architect or
engineer must stamp and sign the drawings.
(Ref.: BPC § 5537.2)

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20 Contractors n
Disasters

1. If a person’s residence is damaged by a natural disaster,

how can the homeowner obtain a copy of the plans?
If damage to residential real property is caused by a natural
disaster declared by the governor and if the damage may be
covered by insurance, an architect or other person who has
prepared the plans used for the construction or remodeling of the
property must release a copy of the plans to the homeowner, the
homeowner’s insurer, or a duly authorized agent of either upon
request. The plans may only be used for verifying the fact and
the amount of damage for insurance purposes. The architect
may charge a reasonable fee to cover the reproduction costs of
providing a copy of the plans.
(Ref.: BPC § 5536.3)

2. Can the homeowner rebuild the property using the plans?

The plans cannot be used to rebuild any of the property without
a current permit and the written consent of the architect or other
person who prepared the plans. If written consent is not provided,
the architect will not be liable if the plans are subsequently used
by the homeowner or anyone else to rebuild any part of the
property.
(Ref.: BPC § 5536.3)

3. If the homeowner cannot contact the original designer, can

the building department provide a copy of the plans?
The building department can duplicate the plans under the
provisions contained in HSC section 19851. Refer to that code
section for details.

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n Disasters 21
 4. In the event of a declared disaster, what deterrents to
unlicensed practice exist?
Only persons licensed by the Board may call themselves
architects and provide architectural services. During a declared
state of emergency, the penalty against an unlicensed person
misrepresenting himself/herself as an architect in connection with
the offer or performance of architectural services for the repair of
damage to a structure caused by a natural disaster is increased
and punishable by a fine up to $10,000 and/or imprisonment.
When responding to advertisements or solicitations offering
architectural services, disaster victims should verify whether the
person offering services has a valid license by contacting the
Board or visiting its website.
(Ref.: BPC § 5536.5)

5. Can architects perform structural inspections after an

earthquake?
Yes. Architects may provide structural inspections at the scene
of a declared national, state, or local emergency when acting
voluntarily and at the request of a public official, public safety
officer, or city or county building inspector who is acting in an
official capacity.
(Ref.: BPC § 5536.27)

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22 Disasters n
6. What type of immunity is available to architects who
provide inspection services for building departments?
California has a good Samaritan law for licensed architects,
engineers, and land surveyors who, at the request of a public
official, provide safety inspection services, without compensation,
at the scene of a declared national, state, or local emergency
caused by an earthquake. This law gives architects immunity from
liability. This immunity applies only for an inspection that occurs
within 30 days of the earthquake.
(Ref.: BPC § 5536.27)

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n Disasters 23
 Engineers

1. Are engineers exempt from the Architects Practice Act?

Civil and structural engineers may provide building design services
to the extent that they are included as part of the engineering
services for which they are registered. Civil and structural
engineers may not practice architecture, i.e., architectural design,
unless it is a part of the civil or structural engineering services they
are performing. Civil and structural engineers may not use the title
“architect” or offer “architectural” services unless licensed by the
Board.
(Ref.: BPC §§ 5537.1, 5537.4, 5537.5)

2. May a structural or civil engineer sign architectural

drawings for nonexempt structures prepared by an
unlicensed person who was not under their supervision
even though the engineers prepared the structural
drawings and calculations?
This question must be answered by the Board for Professional
Engineers, Land Surveyors, and Geologists (BPELSG). If an
architect signed documents that were not prepared under his or
her responsible control, the Board would consider the act “aiding
and abetting” under BPC sections 5582 and 5582.1.
(Ref.: BPC §§ 5537.1, 5537.5)

3. What are the structural and civil engineer’s limitations as

to performing architectural design services?
There are none in the Architects Practice Act. The engineer
may design any structure as long as the engineer adheres to
the exemptions.
(Ref.: BPC §§ 5537.1, 5537.5)

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24 Engineers n
 CCR, titles 21 and 22, are more restrictive and do set limitations
as to what services architects and civil and structural engineers
may perform. However, CCR titles 21 and 22 are relevant only to
state-regulated construction under the jurisdiction of the Division
of the State Architect (DSA) and Office of Statewide Health
Planning and Development (OSHPD).

4. BPC section 5537.4 exempts all professional engineers.

Does this mean that all registered professional
engineers can design nonexempt structures?
No. Only structural and civil engineers are authorized to design
structures. Other professional engineers are exempt from the
Architects Practice Act only to the extent that they practice the
profession for which they are registered.

5. If a structural or civil engineer prepares and signs

structural calculations as a consultant to an architect, must
the engineer also prepare, stamp, and sign the structural
drawings?
Not necessarily. If the calculations are given to the architect,
who then prepares the structural drawings from the information
provided in the calculations, only the architect is required to stamp
and sign the drawings. The engineer is not required to over-sign
documents prepared by the architect.

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n Engineers 25
 Exempt Buildings and Structures

1. What are exempt buildings or structures?

The Architects Practice Act defines exempt buildings or structures in

BPC section 5537 as follows:

(a) This chapter does not prohibit any person from preparing plans,
drawings, or specifications for any of the following:
(1) Single-family dwellings of wood frame construction not more
than two stories and basement in height.
(2) Multiple dwellings containing no more than four dwelling
units of wood frame construction not more than two stories
and basement in height. However, this paragraph shall not
be construed as allowing an unlicensed person to design
multiple clusters of up to four dwelling units each to form
apartment or condominium complexes where the total
exceeds four units on any lawfully divided lot.
(3) Garages or other structures appurtenant to buildings
described under subdivision (a), of wood frame construction
not more than two stories and basement in height.
(4) Agricultural and ranch buildings of wood frame construction,
unless the building official having jurisdiction deems that an
undue risk to the public health, safety, or welfare is involved.
(b) If any portion of any structure exempted by this section deviates
from substantial compliance with conventional framing
requirements for wood frame construction found in the most
recent edition of California Code of Regulations, title 24, or
tables of limitation for wood frame construction, as defined by
the applicable building code duly adopted by the local jurisdiction
or the state, the building official having jurisdiction shall require the
preparation of plans, drawings, specifications, or calculation

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26 Exempt Buildings and Structures n

 for that portion by or under the direct supervision of, a licensed
architect or registered engineer. The documents for that portion
shall bear the stamp and signature of the licensee who is
responsible for their preparation. Substantial compliance for
purposes of this section is not intended to restrict the ability of
the building officials to approve plans pursuant to existing law
and is only intended to clarify the intent of Chapter 405 of the
Statutes of 1985.

2. What is the Board’s definition of “conventional framing”?

Since it appears in the California Building Standards Code
(Cal. Code Regs., title 24) (CBSC), which is written by building
officials, the CBSC definition should be used.
(Ref.: BPC §§ 5537(b) and Cal. Code Regs., title 24)

3. What are the Board’s definitions of a “single-family

dwelling” and “multiple dwelling”?
(a) Single-Family Dwelling: As defined in BPC section 5537(a)
and CCR, title 16, section 153, the term “single-family
dwelling” means a free-standing, unattached dwelling of
wood frame construction not more than two stories and
basement in height. Such a single-family dwelling shall not share
any common building components including, but not limited to,
foundations, roofing, and structural systems with any other
structure or dwelling.

(b) Multiple Dwelling: As defined in BPC section 5537(a) and

CCR, title 16, section 153, the term “multiple dwellings” means
a structure composed of no more than four attached dwelling
units that share any common building components including, but
not limited to, foundations, roofing and structural systems. Such
multiple dwelling units shall be of wood frame construction and
not more than two stories and basement in height, and as
defined in the CBSC.

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n Exempt Buildings and Structures 27

 4. If a lot contains an existing residence, may an unlicensed
person prepare plans for a maximum four additional units
as exempted under BPC section 5537?
No. The maximum number of units that could be designed on the
lot by an unlicensed person would be three additional units in any
combination.
(Ref.: BPC § 5537)

5. Is a “greenhouse” constructed of metal framing and

glass considered an exempt structure if it is for personal
use only?
No. The Architects Practice Act, BPC section 5537, refers only to
wood-framed structures; therefore, metal-framed structures would
not be considered exempt under the statute.

6. If an owner prepares drawings for his or her own exempt

building, is he or she required to sign the drawings?
No. The statute requires only those who prepare drawings for
others to sign them and, if licensed, to note their license number.
However, the statute does not prohibit a building official from
requiring the owner to sign the drawings.
(Ref.: BPC § 5536.1)

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28 Exempt Buildings and Structures n

7. BPC section 5537, which deals with exemptions, does
not discuss site planning. Does this mean that an
unlicensed person who prepares drawings for exempt
structures must hire an architect to prepare the site
plan drawings?
An unlicensed person may only do site planning if the activities are
not subject to regulation by any licensing boards. For example,
preparing grading and drainage plans are activities that require a
license. Therefore, an architect or engineer would be required to
prepare such plans for an exempt structure.

8. If an architect or engineer prepares and signs structural

calculations for a portion of an exempt building and
the building plans are prepared by the owner, must the
architect or engineer sign the plans also?
The architect or engineer would only sign for that portion of the
drawings that pertain to his or her structural design, not the entire
set of drawings. The architect is only required to note that portion
for which he or she is taking responsibility. The remainder of the
drawings would be signed by the person who prepared them.
(Ref.: BPC § 5536.1)

9. May the building official require other exempt structures to

be designed by an architect or engineer in addition to
the noted agricultural and ranch buildings if it is deemed
that such structures are an undue risk to public safety,
health, or welfare?
Yes. The building official may require part or all of the structure
to be designed by an architect or engineer. The BPC does not
supersede the building official’s authority to protect the health,
safety, and welfare of the public.

Table of Contents | Index by Topic

n Exempt Buildings and Structures 29

 Interior Designers

1. Are interior designers licensed by the state?

No. The state of California has a title act for certified interior
designers under BPC sections 5800–5812. Certification is not
required for interior designers to practice in California.
(Ref.: BPC §§ 5800–5812)

2. What services may an interior designer provide?

Interior designers and any other unlicensed persons may
design nonstructural or nonseismic store fronts, interior
alterations or additions, fixtures, cabinetwork, furniture, other
appliances or equipment, and any nonstructural or nonseismic
alterations or additions necessary to provide for their installation.
Interior designers may not design any components that
change or affect the structural system or safety of the building.
(Ref.: BPC §§ 5537, 5538)

3. What may interior designers call themselves?

Interior designers may call themselves interior designers or
designers. They cannot call themselves “architects,” “architectural
designers,” “interior architects,” or any other name that might
mislead the consumer to think that they are licensed architects
or registered building designers or otherwise certified, licensed,
or registered by the state.
An interior designer may not represent to the public that he or she
is “state certified” to practice interior design. However, a person
who has been certified by an interior design organization may
refer to herself or himself as a “certified interior designer.”
(Ref.: BPC §§ 5800, 5804)

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30 Interior Designers n
 No unlicensed person may use the terms “architect,”
“architectural,” or “architecture,” or use the terms “licensed”
or “registered.”
(Ref.: BPC § 5536)

4. May interior designers stamp exempt plans?

Yes. Unlicensed persons may stamp exempt plans as long
as they do not use the legend “State of California” or words or
symbols that indicate they are licensed by the state.
(Ref.: BPC §§ 5536(b), 5802, 5805)

Table of Contents | Index by Topic

n Interior Designers 31
 Landscape Architects

1. May a registered landscape architect refer to himself or

herself as an “architect”?
No. A landscape architect may not use the title “architect” without
the word “landscape” unless he or she also holds an architect’s
license.
(Ref.: BPC § 5537.6)

2. Can landscape architects prepare site grading and site

drainage plans?
Yes. A landscape architect can prepare landscape architectural
site grading and site drainage plans.
(Ref.: BPC § 5616)

3. What structures can landscape architects design as part of

their landscape services?
A landscape architect can design, as part of their landscape
architectural services, any exempt structures that unlicensed
persons may design in accordance with BPC section 5537.
If a structure requires engineering, it must be designed by an
appropriately licensed or registered person.
(Ref.: BPC § 5537)

4. What may a landscape architect design?

A landscape architect may perform professional services
for the purpose of landscape preservation, development,
and enhancement, such as consultation, investigation,
reconnaissance, research, planning, design, preparation of
drawings, construction documents and specifications, and

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32 Landscape Architects n
 responsible construction observation. Implementation of that
purpose includes: (1) the preservation and aesthetic and
functional enhancement of land uses and natural land features;
(2) the location and construction of aesthetically pleasing and
functional approaches and settings for structures and roadways;
and, (3) design for trails and pedestrian walkway systems,
plantings, landscape irrigation, landscape lighting, landscape
grading and landscape drainage.
Landscape architecture services may include: investigation,
selection, and allocation of land and water resources for
appropriate uses; feasibility studies; formulation of graphic
and written criteria to govern the planning and design of land
construction programs; preparation review, and analysis of master
plans for land use and development; production of overall site
plans, landscape grading and landscape drainage plans, irrigation
plans, planting plans, and construction details; specifications;
cost estimates and reports for land development; collaboration in
the design of roads, bridges, and structures with respect to the
functional and aesthetic requirements of the areas on which they
are to be placed; negotiation and arrangement for execution of
land area projects; field observation and inspection of land area
construction, restoration, and maintenance.
(Ref.: BPC § 5615)

5. May local building officials reject landscape architectural

plans, drawings, and instruments of service as a condition
for permit issuance, solely on the grounds that they are
stamped by a licensed landscape architect?
Landscape architects are authorized by the Landscape Architects
Practice Act to prepare, stamp, and sign such plans, drawings,
and other instruments of service as part of their services.
(Ref.: BPC § 5659)

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n Landscape Architects 33
 6. May an unlicensed person advertise landscape
architectural services?
No. An individual not licensed by the LATC may not advertise or
put out a sign, card, or other device that might indicate to the
public that he or she is a licensed landscape architect or qualified
to engage in the practice of landscape architecture.
In addition, an unlicensed individual may not offer landscape
architectural services or advertise on the Internet or in the yellow
pages or business directories under headings such as “landscape
architect,” “landscape architecture” or “landscape architectural.”
(Ref.: BPC § 5640)

7. What must the landscape architect’s seal or stamp look

like, and what must it contain?
The Landscape Architects Practice Act requires that the
landscape architect’s seal or stamp contain: (1) the legend “State
of California”; (2) the term “licensed landscape architect”; (3)
the landscape architect’s name (as licensed with the LATC); (4)
the landscape architect’s license number; and (5) a means of
providing a signature, the renewal date for the current license, and
the date of signing and sealing or stamping. The license renewal
date may be handwritten or typeset.
A landscape architect’s stamp must be between one and two
inches in diameter. The design of the circle may include solid
lines (thin or thick) or broken lines, such as dashes or dots.
Other possibilities include a rope or beaded effect or words
forming the circle. Embellishments (stars, graphic designs) are
also acceptable, as long as the stamp is legible. Provided below
is a basic example of a recommended format for a California
landscape architect’s stamp. Stamps can be ordered from any
source - stationery stores, business supply houses, rubber stamp
manufacturers, and print shops.
(Ref.: BPC § 5659 and CCR, title16, § 2606)

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34 Landscape Architects n
8. Are there allied professions that are exempt from the
Landscape Architects Practice Act?
Yes. Architects, professional engineers, and land surveyors
are exempt from the Landscape Architects Practice Act insofar
as they practice the profession for which they are licensed
or registered. A landscape contractor may design landscape
systems and facilities for work to be performed and supervised
by that contractor. These allied professionals may not use the title
“landscape architect” or offer “landscape architectural” services
unless licensed to do so.
(Ref.: BPC §§ 5641.3, 5641.4)

D SC A PE A
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n Landscape Architects 35
 Land Surveyors

1. May a licensed land surveyor use the title “architect”?

No. A licensed land surveyor may not use the title “architect”
unless he or she also holds an architect’s license.
(Ref.: BPC § 5537.7)

2. Can licensed land surveyors prepare and sign site plans?

No. Land surveyors are limited to preparing and signing
documents relating to their survey services, such as location of
property lines or boundaries, topographic maps, site elevations,
etc. They are not licensed to plan the improvements of a site.
(Ref.: BPC § 5537.7)

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36 Land Surveyors n
Mechanics Lien Laws

1. Where can information about Mechanics Lien Laws

be found?
The Board does not respond to questions regarding design
professionals and mechanics lien laws, as those laws are outside
of the Board’s jurisdiction. For information regarding design
professionals and mechanics liens, review Civil Code sections
8300–8319 and 8400–8494, respectively, or consult an attorney.
Additional resources regarding liens may be found in publications
at a public library or by visiting the Contractors State License
Board’s website at www.cslb.ca.gov.

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n Mechanics Lien Laws 37

 Signature Requirement

1. May the title block for nonexempt buildings contain

the words “drawings prepared by” and/or the name of
the drafting service in addition to the name of the
architectural firm?
Yes. There is nothing in the Architects Practice Act that prohibits
this practice, but the architect responsible for their preparation
must sign the drawings. If drawings were submitted without the
architect’s stamp and signature, it would be of assistance to the
Board’s Enforcement Program to have a copy of the title block
sent to the Board.
(Ref.: BPC §§ 5536.1, 5536.2)

2. In a set of plans submitted to a building official for

approval and issuance of a permit, which sheets of the
plans or drawings must be signed or stamped?
The Architects Practice Act does not address this issue. The
building official has the discretion to determine which sheets
should be stamped and signed. However, standard practice in
the profession is to stamp and sign every sheet and the cover
page of specifications.

3. May an employee of an architect sign and stamp the

plans or drawings or must the person whose name
appears in the firm’s title block sign and stamp?
An employee may stamp and sign the documents if the employee
is licensed by the Board and prepared or was in responsible
control of their preparation.

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38 Signature Requirement n
4. Must the architect sign the documents at initial submittal?
The Architects Practice Act does not stipulate when the
documents are to be stamped and signed. BPC section 5536.2
requires building officials to verify that the person who prepares
the documents is properly licensed to do so. This can be done
by obtaining a signed statement that the person who prepared
the documents is licensed to prepare such documents. The
building official can accept the signed statement in lieu of the
stamp and signature at the time of initial submittal. After the
plan check corrections have been made and before the permit
for construction is issued, the drawings must be stamped and
signed by the architect.
(Ref.: BPC §§ 5536.1, 5536.2)

5. May building officials require architects to stamp and

oversign a consultant’s drawings?
No. Architects are only required to stamp and sign what they
have prepared themselves or what others have prepared under
their responsible control. Architects cannot be required to stamp
and over-sign documents prepared by others, with the exception
of DSA and OSHPD, which may require such “over-stamping” of
documents prepared by consultants to satisfy state regulations
for schools and hospitals.
(Ref.: BPC § 5536.2)

6. Are reproduced signatures on documents acceptable?

Building officials may accept documents with a reproduced
signature. Electronic stamps and signatures are commonly
accepted in all business forums.

Table of Contents | Index by Topic

n Signature Requirement 39
 7. Must each page of a set of specifications or structural
calculations be signed by the licensed person who
prepares them?
An architect is required to sign his or her plans, specifications,
and other instruments of service. The Board does not require that
each page of a set of specifications and/or calculations be signed
by the architect.
(Ref.: BPC § 5536.1)

8. Must the engineer who has prepared and signed

structural calculations also sign the structural drawings
if the structural drawings are prepared by a licensed
architect?
No. The engineer only signs the documents that he or she has
prepared. The architect signs the structural drawings that he or
she prepared.
(Ref.: BPC § 5536.1)

9. May nonexempt plans be signed by the unlicensed

person who prepared the plans and the architect who
is responsible for their preparation?
An unlicensed person may prepare plans for a nonexempt
structure only under the responsible control of an architect. The
unlicensed person, as well as the architect, may sign the plans;
however, the architect’s is the only required stamp and signature.
(Ref.: BPC § 5536.1)

10. Are wet or dry signatures required on plans?

The Architects Practice Act does not state what type of media
is to be used; it only states that the drawings must be stamped
and signed.
(Ref.: BPC §§ 5536.1, 5536.2)

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40 Signature Requirement n
Stamp Requirement

1. Must architects stamp their plans, specifications, and

other instruments of service prior to obtaining a building
permit?
Yes.
(Ref.: BPC §§ 5536.1, 5536.2)

2. What must the architect’s stamp look like, and what must
it contain?
The Architects Practice Act requires, at minimum, that the
architect’s stamp contain: (1) the legend “State of California”; (2)
the term “licensed architect”; (3) the architect’s name (as licensed
with the Board); (4) the architect’s license number; and (5) a
means for noting the renewal date for the current license (last day
of birth month and year). The renewal date may be hand written
or typeset.
The stamp must be at least one inch, but not more than two
inches, in diameter and circular in shape. The design of the
circle may include solid lines (thin or thick) or broken lines, such
as dashes or dots. Other possibilities include a rope or beaded
effect or words forming the circle. Embellishments (stars, graphic
designs) are also acceptable as long as the stamp is legible.

Table of Contents | Index by Topic

n Stamp Requirement 41
 AR
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The stamp shall not be of the embossing
E type. Provided below

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42 Stamp Requirement n
Unlicensed Individuals

1. What may an unlicensed individual design?

A. An unlicensed individual may design exempt buildings or

structures. The Architects Practice Act defines exempt buildings
or structures in BPC section 5537 as follows:

(a) This chapter does not prohibit any person from preparing
plans, drawings, or specifications for any of the following:

(1) Single-family dwellings of wood frame construction not

more than two stories and basement in height.

(2) Multiple dwellings containing no more than four dwelling

units of wood frame construction not more than two
stories and basement in height. However, this paragraph
shall not be construed as allowing an unlicensed person
to design multiple clusters of up to four dwelling units
each to form apartment or condominium complexes
where the total exceeds four units on any lawfully
divided lot.

(3) Garages or other structures appurtenant to buildings

described under subdivision (a), of wood frame
construction not more than two stories and basement
in height.

(4) Agricultural and ranch buildings of wood frame

construction, unless the building official having
jurisdiction deems that an undue risk to the public
health, safety, or welfare is involved.

(b) If any portion of any structure exempted by this section

deviates from substantial compliance with conventional
framing requirements for wood frame construction found

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n Unlicensed Individuals 43
 in the most recent edition of CCR, title 24, or tables
of limitation for wood frame construction, as defined
by the applicable building code duly adopted by
the local jurisdiction or the state, the building official
having jurisdiction shall require the preparation o f plans,
drawings, specifications, or calculations for that portion
by or under the direct supervision of, a licensed
architect or registered engineer. The documents for
that portion shall bear the stamp and signature of the
licensee who is responsible for their preparation.
Substantial compliance for purposes of this section is
not intended to restrict the ability of the building officials
to approve plans pursuant to e xisting law and is only
intended to clarify the intent of Chapter 405 of the
Statutes of 1985.

B. Unlicensed individuals may design nonstructural or nonseismic

alterations or additions as defined in the Architects Practice Act,
BPC section 5538.

2. What titles may unlicensed individuals use?

Unlicensed individuals cannot call themselves “architects,” “architectural
designers,” or any other confusingly similar title that might indicate to
the public that they are a licensed architect, architectural designer, or
qualified to engage in the practice of architecture.
(Ref.: BPC § 5536(a))

3. Must the design of a seismic bracing system required

for raised computer floors be done by an architect
or engineer?
Yes. Plans for seismic bracing systems are considered a seismic
alteration and should be designed and signed by architects or
engineers.
(Ref.: BPC § 5538)
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44 Unlicensed Individuals n
4. In BPC section 5538, interior alterations and additions are
considered exempt. Does the word “additions” apply
to exterior work as well as interior, or is it meant to apply
only to interior additions?
BPC section 5538 discusses interior additions only. Exterior
additions are discussed in BPC section 5537.

5. Does the replacement of a fire-rated door require an

architect or engineer to approve the replacement or write
a specification for the replacement?
The local building official should make this determination.

6. May unlicensed individuals design and sign plans for

disabled access systems?
Yes. Unlicensed individuals may design systems, including
disabled access systems, that are nonstructural and nonseismic
in nature and that do not affect the safety of the structure,
provided that the design of those systems is not restricted by
law to registered or licensed individuals.
(Ref.: BPC § 5538)

7. Does the Board provide building departments with specific

criteria as to what interior components affect the safety of
a building or its occupants?
No. Local building departments determine such criteria.

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n Unlicensed Individuals 45
 8. May an unlicensed individual design, plan, or prepare
instruments of service for storefronts or interior
alterations?
Yes. Unlicensed persons may prepare and submit plans for
nonstructural or nonseismic interior alterations or additions,
provided such alterations do not change or affect the structural
system or safety of the building.
(Ref.: BPC § 5538)

9. May an unlicensed individual design interior alterations

or additions for nonexempt structures?
Unlicensed individuals may prepare and sign plans for
nonstructural or nonseismic store fronts, interior alterations or
additions, fixtures, cabinetwork, furniture, other appliances or
equipment, and any nonstructural or nonseismic alterations or
additions necessary to provide for their installation. However,
an unlicensed individual may not prepare and sign plans for
any components affecting the structural system or safety of any
building as determined by the local building official.
(Ref.: BPC § 5538)

10. May unlicensed individuals prepare and sign plans

for the interiors of any type of building? Are there
square footage limitations?
Unlicensed individuals may prepare and sign interior designs for
any type of building subject to the approval of the building official.
There are no square footage limitations imposed by the Architects
Practice Act; however, some building departments do set square
footage limitations applicable to design services by unlicensed
individuals.
(Ref.: BPC § 5538)

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46 Unlicensed Individuals n
11. May unlicensed individuals design and sign mechanical,
electrical, and plumbing systems?
No. Such systems must be designed and signed by appropriately
licensed or registered design professionals or appropriately
licensed contractors as allowed by the Professional Engineers Act.
(Ref.: BPC §§ 5537.2, 5537.4, 6737.3)

12. What criteria does the Board use to determine what it

considers the “safety of a building”?
See the California Building Standards Code. The local building
official should determine which components of building systems
affect safety and required to be designed by an architect
or engineer.

13. May unlicensed individuals prepare specifications for

nonexempt structures?
Unlicensed individuals may prepare specifications for nonexempt
structures only under the responsible control of an architect or
engineer. The architect or engineer is required to stamp and sign
the specifications.
(Ref.: BPC §§ 5535.1, 5536.1)

14. May unlicensed individuals alter exterior wall, door, and

window configurations on non-exempt structures so
that they are coordinated with new interior construction?
No. The Architects Practice Act does not allow an unlicensed
individual to prepare and sign plans and specifications for
the alteration of exterior walls, doors, or windows except
for nonstructural or nonseismic alterations to storefronts as
determined by the local building official.
(Ref.: BPC § 5538)

Table of Contents | Index by Topic

n Unlicensed Individuals 47
48
Index by Topic

Advertising of Architectural Services: 5 Disasters: 21

Aiding and Abetting Unlicensed Practice: 6 Structural Inspections: 22
Architect: 7 Door, Fire-Rated: 45
of Record: 14 Drawings
Replacement (Supplanting): 12, 14 Contractors: 20
Bridges: 8 Electrical: 9
Building Designers 13 General Contractors: 19
Building Officials: 4, 14-17, 19, Owner Prepared: 28
20, 21, 43, 44 Signing: 29
Calculations, Structural Site Plans: 29
Architects: 12 Structural, Architects: 12
Engineers: 24 Structural, Engineers: 24
Complaint Procedure: 18 Dwellings
Conformance, Certification of: 16 Multiple: 26, 27, 43
Construction Single-Family: 26, 39
Observation Services: 7 Elevations: 9
Phase Services: 8 Employee, Signing and
Without Contractor’s License: 9 Stamping: 38
Contractors: 19 Exemptions
Architect Acting as (General): 8 Engineers: 24
Exemptions: 19 Interior Alterations: 45
Preparing and Signing Drawings: 20 Exteriors/Alterations: 47
Culverts: 10 Framing, Conventional: 26
Design Services Greenhouse: 28
Contractors: 19 Height Restrictions: 10
Disabled Access Systems: 45 Inspections, Special: 11

(Index by Topic continued on page 50)

Table of Contents

n Index by Topic 49
 Index by Topic continued from page 49

Installing Systems: 19 Seismic Bracing: 44

Instruments of Service: 33, 40, 41, 46 Signatures
Interior Alterations and Additions: 45 Electronic: 39
Land Surveyors: 36 Engineer: 40
Landscape Architects Specifications or Structural
Without LATC License, Architects: 10 Calculations: 40
Licensure, Verification: 14 Unlicensed: 40
Limitations Wet or Dry: 40
Engineers: 24 Site Grading/Drainage
Height: 10 Architects: 10
Mechanical Civil Engineers: 11
Architects: 9 Soil Tests: 11
Contractors: 20 Storefronts: 20, 46
Unlicensed: 47 Surveys: 12
Mechanics Lien Laws: 37 Title 24: 26, 44
Plans Units, Additional: 28
Signature: 40 Unlicensed Persons
Stamp: 40 Design Limitations: 43
Retaining Walls: 10 Deterrent in Disaster: 21
Safety, Building: 45 Preparation of Specifications: 46
Scope of Practice: 7 Violations, Architects Practice Act: 4

Table of Contents

50 Index by Topic n
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Revised: 2/2021 PDE­_21­­-014