NAT| ONAL

G GR l CENGAGE
L RNlNG t L r i g,

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l Angela l
Katrina Gormley

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 l Y r W r[d h Power of Colour; e_related Words. present 5imple, t continuoUS,
multiple_choice questions collocations & expressions, stative r s, articles
5-1 preposition5

2 Mysteries of the Wor[d h Mystery of tbe l ; mystery-feiated Words, hr s l past sjmple, past continuous, used to,
m;s i g 5 t 5 r s, Word formation v1lould, Used to & get Lrsed to
t7-28
REV|EW 1, Vocabulary & Gr mm r 29-30
3 Fit as Fiddte h Secrets of Long Life; h lth_ & fitnes5_related present rf t Simple & present
multjple t hi g WordS, p epo5itions. perfect continuouS, fo r, since,lately,
locations & r ssi s a/ready, yet & sti/l, countab]e &
31-42 u U t U S, quantifiers

4 Technotogicat Marve[s the Edge of Space; technology related words, future simple, sha//, going to,
multiple-choice questions w d formation, phrasal s futur continuous & { t perfect
4 -54 sirnple, temporals

REV|EW 2: Vocabulary & Or mm r 55-56

5 High-Ftyers h Vision; missing success & ambition moda s, semi_modals, modalS perfect
related Words, prepoSitionS.
57-68 col ocations & exp essions

6 Living History King Tlrt's Family Secrets; history-related words, phrasal past perfect simple & past perfect
mUltiple-choice qUest;ons r s, w rd formation continuous, question taqs, pronouns
69-80

REV|EW 3, Vocabulary & Gr mm r 8I-82

7 Wild World Fr k F r s of N tu ; natural disaster r ated words. gerUnd5 & in { initives, make & /et.
ulti l matching coJlocations & exp essions, m iS of adjectives & adverbs,
8 -94 prepositions too, enough, so & such

8 Media Matters adverti5ements; media-related words, phrasal passive voice: tenses. gerund ,
mu]tip]e-choice questionS r s, W rd { ormation infinitives & modal verbs, impersonai
95-106 & personal tructures

REV|EW 4, V t ry & Grammar 107-108

9 Making Living Life i Pictures; an W k_r l t d WordS, reported speech: state aents,
interview with Michael | ocations & expressions, question5, commands & requests,
Yama5hita; prepoSitions r rtl g V r 5
109-120 missing sentences

I0 See the Wortd Land of Fir and lce; holiday- & travel-related conditionals: z r , first, second
muitiple-choice qUe5tionS words, word formation & & third, mi ed conditiona15,
121-,l 2 s l verbs conditiona 5 Without i { Wisb & if /

REV|EW 5, Vocabulary & Gr mm r t _l34

'l1 rim Time Littledean Jai ; crime_reIated words, relative clauses: defining & non
multiple-choice questions locations & expressions, defining, participle auses
1 5-,l46 prepoSitions
l
l2 Y Are What You W r h Decade That F shi { ashion & shopping-related causative, i rsi : under
Forgot; multiple matching w rds, hr s l verbs, word circurnstances, v r & t / ,..
147-158 formation bUt a/so, it! (aboutlhiglr) time

REvlEW 6, Vocabulary & Grammar 159-160

I

Grammar R f r , 161-I75
I

lrregularVerbs: 176-177
Writing Reference, 178-185
Speaking Reference, 186
Collocations & Expressions: 187
l Prepositions: 188
Verbs,
Phrasal 189
lnformation:
Speaking l90

t2
 . h i qU sti s talking about perSonal]ties, prob em i { r l tt r, Dreamt]me PainterS
::-,eS) SolVing, recommending USing colourful ]diomS & h S
V r S

-ipe_choicequeStionS talking about mysteries, decision making, story Mar { a Lights

persuadinq & convincinq uSing adjectiVes d adverbs

:: :ak 9 ta king about stress, comparing article, h Sc]ence { Stress

photographs, sequencing ideas g]Vlng adv]ce

..
- iip]e choice questions talking about t h ] g , ri g email,
h t g hs, r h 5i 9 auses { reason & contrast

: ] t hi g talk]ng aboUt ambjtion and success, e5Say, ssi g Antarctica

deciS]on making, expreSsing certa]nty & presentin9 rgu r ts

-, t ple-choice questionS ta]king about hiStory decision making, i f rm l letter, Giza Pyramids
ssi g opinion trsing qu lii s

- _.: taking ta king about th tu Wor]d, St , d h s- ^

m i g photographs, asking for Sequencing events
ar]f]cation

-l t ple_choice questions talkin9 about th media, deciSion History { Eilm

.:ctures) making, shoWing that you r ]iSteninq editing ur Work

^ -J t]p matching ta]king about Work, conrparing Wildf] h t q h

h t gr 5, Sid i g aLternativeS presentingfactua information

irru]t]ple_choice questions ta]kin9 aborlt hol]days, decision making, ti , h Exciting Streets of

stating Preferences & 9iVing r s s adjeccives r l

rlultip choice questions ta]king about rim , r enr 5 Ving, e5Say, Cambodia Animal Rescue
su99eSt]ng a]ternativeS ] st mi g

mUltiple choice questions talking about f shi , comparing revie h rt { Makinq Si|k
h t 9r h5, giving yoUrself ti to Supporting ur qum ts
thin k
Reading: article,multiple-choicequestions
Vocabulary: people-related Words, colIocations & expressions, prepositions
Gr mm r: present simple, r s t continuous, articles
Listening: muItiple-choicequestions(pictures)
Speaking: talking about personalities, r I m solving, recommending
Writing: informal letter, using colourful idioms & hr s l r s
 d\ 1
What do you associate the colours red, yellow d with?

computer-
generated
image (ri9ht)
shows what
l ur- i d
rs sees.

dye: m -m d su st
'ynthetic
that h g ' the I ur of s m thi g
d mi : i gm r important r
w rful th other people or things
stimulont: s m thi g that makes the
mi d r body m r active
stobility wh somethingis not likely to
h g
Kead the article below. What new things did you learn about the m ur i g:

col
that show d
colours listed? ' d ss dies
somebody
feelwhe

The ? w r 4 rl humans saw variety of tu l

colours around them, { r m the r w s
and greens of the soil and ants to the
deep ues and d of th sky. They
parnted 1heir bodies w-h colo.lts'ro.
nature ta signal aggression toward an
l , , r l ,nal ll ^ er selves aTtrdc ve
to mate.

girl d rainbow of over the centuries. the s ur s {

crushed ice flavours at l urs such as blue, purp and r d
Chowpatty Beach, lndia were high valued and they w r often
worth as much as go d. l the 19th
century, young chemistry Student
manu { actured the { irst synthetic dye,
and sudden the world became mu h
m r colourful l , ] the 20th century,
scientists discovered the psychologica
effects of colours, and l found
ways to use this discovery to influence
i our fee inqs and behaviour,
t
::

: kd
Red, th co]our of L lood, symbolises
l fire, love and g r l st r cultures,
f people ieve it ings lu k, wealth
and success, ln humans, the ur r d
send diflerent messages, Some
l redden, f r example, when they
r gr r m rr ss d, Researchers
have discovered that in s ts the team
thal is wea " -9 ,ed is rore lil,e to win,
Why? Because red seems to the
l Ur f,dI .iola'5 ri d - , 9 vin9
those dressed in red advantage
 Choose the answer ( , , r d) whi h fits best
according to the text. Ll s -U
1 The first man-made colours were produced Wh answering multiple-choice t
in the 1 9th century, i5
questionS, a5k yoU rSelf if each option 1
in the 20th century, true r false based in
What is Written i
only recently. the text.This Will h l you to eliminate i
d centurie5 9 . options that are l rl wrong, :
*-.*_,..,-. " .i
According to th text, th l r red
symbolises bad luck. 'Get the meaning!
is believed to embarrass l ,
makes people less aggressive. D Complete th sentences with these adjectives
d gives advantaqe to team members who wear it, from the text.
Yellow is used to highlight information in text because ag9 essive attractive depressed
it iS im t t l ur. m r ss d trustworthy
it is highly isi ] r.
1 l r l on you if you are
it used to caution people.
d 2 you are
lf you are sad and
l r f r this l r to other colour5.
feel that you cannot en,ioy anything.
Wh t r English s k s referring to when they talk
ab,out li g b/ue' ( r 5, li 12)?
3 You feel ashamed r sh if you are
being sad
being in tr l 4 When l r they
i g upset when someone dies behave angrily or violently toward others.
d being lm Somebody who is i5 pleasant
to look at.
The hr s this idea (para 6, line 5) refers to
stopping hunger.
food.
relaxation.
d painting roomS. Do agree with the author that coIour has w f l
What i5 thi5 text mainly about? effect l ?
how l ur has calming effect What would you associate the colours gr , white and
the sources of l r k with?
how views of colour have changed Wh t your favourite l r? Do class survey to find
d how l r influences people the most popular colour!

- S ti 9 events. l m animal
:: i s (including humanS), contact
hLve
Blue, the l ur of the sky d sea, is
,, : this bold l r causes the h i
-:: to increase, However. associated i many cultures with w t r,
of religious obje ts, and Protection against
-:C's ighter shades, pink, have
--:,oooos'te effect evil. lts d rk r shades r r s t calm,
l , Men in stabi lty and power. Dark blue, { or
. - sons are less aggressive wh the example, is the l r ofthe business
h ,,, s r specific shade of pink, suit r police uniform; it tells others,
'l m in tr l,' r'l am trustw rth ,'
,rr|,| l is also associated with sadness. lt
,: ow, the ] ur that comes to mind mm in English, for m l , when i
.,,.l we think of su shi , is found you are leeling sad or depressed, to Talk ]
. ^ roughout nature and the m -m d about'feeling blue " while in l , tllue
.,, { d as l r that mm ds is the colour of m ur g, w r wh
. ti ; indeed, it is of the easiest rs dies.
. l urs to see. This highly isi shade
s f d everything fr m school Like pink, u has calminq effect
. JSeS to traffic 5ig 5 and PenS that We people, Rooms painted help
:d
JSe to highlight imPortant information people to r l r sleep. Sleeping pills
text. The l r is also used to r often coloured u to suggest
,
caUtion l ; football l s, f r exactly this idea. This colour also
aS
m l , are shown yellow card as seems lo reduce feelings { hunger,
]m
reminder to h . lt used Blue food is r r l seen in nature,
in-
s stimulant as well: in um r of and when it is. such food is usually
studies, yellow has found to h l l g r healthy to sum . lt
hildr focus on their work and dcl just m r example of the power
better at school. that colour can hold over us.
! V l r
Complete th word groups.
athletic betief d ssi g r s gift peacefuI pretty skinny
1 g r, sadness,
2 attractive, handsome,
thoughtful, considerate,
4 thought, { eeling,
5 5kill, talent,
6 lm, stab]e,
7 fit, healthy,
8 plump, thin,

comPlete the sentences With these words.

c[assmate colleague enemy flatmate f r ig r idol S str g r
1 lVly d l have living together f r six months. We get l g r Il weil.
2 U f rtu t l , t g rs often give in to pressure from thei
( ) in the office can sometimes also good friend.
4 l hate it When thoughtless misbehaves in class - |'m h r to l !
5 Jane doesn't like you after you lied to h r Ithink she's become your worst
6 is the guitarist m lMorel . He's super-talented and very l!
7 We can t invite that m to the Party. '5 r l t
8 lVr Boyd is ( ) who has living in ur tr f r rs.

choose the correct answers.

1 Wh r l'm { eeling u , m friends always me that things will get better.
remind r ll r m m
2 _ is nice, but m can't buy health r happiness.
Luck Stability Wealth
3 h comedian was and went ight red wh nobody laughed at his jokes.
embarrassed t rt i d amused
4 l often ask my r ts to me how to do things. h have lots to teach me,
signal show highli9ht
5 F r me, l r i g something new is a(n) in itself.
punishment reward aggresslon
6 h _ l w r say ]ot about my pe sonality.
u if rms objects clothes
7 Playing baseball has taught m how to work with others to achieve goal.
group team class
8 Coffee is the most popular for l working studying. lt helps them stay awake.
d mi stimulant stability

D Read the quotes below and explain what th mean. Do you agree with th m?
. ' h l way to make
m trustworthy is to trust him.' ( r L. Stimson)
. 'With m ur pocket
in u r wise, you r handsome and you sing well t .'( r r )
. 'Always forgive your enemies; nothing annoys them so much.' ( s Wilde)
. 'The rs who knows how to laugh at himse { will r cease to amused.' (Shirley Maclaine)
 Complete the sentences using th Present
Simple or th Present Continuous of the verbs
in ackets.
Present Simple & Pre ent Continuous 1 This quiz pe sonality 'r doing
Discuss which present tense we use wh we talk (sound)
about the following situations: intereSting.

9 r l truths and scientific fa ts

2 (take)
i g habits (with always, continually, forever; etc) short in the afternoons to r d Stre55.
actions happening now and temporary situations 3 _ (often / t
{', d habits, t d act'ons and rm t Situations catch) the ']2 o'clock bus to the city.
future plans 4 h students
{} f futu actions based tim t d and scheduled (seem) tired at the m m t,
events 5 dad
9 narratives (eg story, joke, plot and Sports (always / forget) my mum birthday! lt really
commentarieS)
s her,
h h gi g and developing 5ituations in the present
i what is h i g i (colours /
i tu
i flu ) our emotion5?

Match these sentences with use of th present 7 The um r of l studying psychology

(increase)
Simple or the Pre ent Continuous in .
these days.
'l The th goes round th sun in about 365 days. ! 8 This year l
2 ,r you visiting r parents at Christmas? ! (focus) on my university studies.
man goes to visit his friend d finds him playing 9We (not have)
chess with his cat. ! m ti g with the schoo| direclor next week,
4 h ust m r is shouting because she's gr . fI ]0 l think James
5 friend lives in the UK. f_]
lVly (behave) quite calmly, even though he is under
6 h meeting starts at pm t m rr W. r SSur at the moment.
7 h town lwas r in is attracting more and m r
tourists these days. f 1
D circle the correct words.
8 h and girl in the photo are playing in their
garden, f ]
According to m psychologis , r { avourite
9 That man is forever trying to control everybody! ! colour (1) is showing / shows something about ur
personality. Look at What these colours say about
r f l! s m character. (2) Do you 9r / Are you
stative verbs r not used in continuous tenses. h most a9reeing with the conclusio 5 they came to?
mm stative Verbs refer to emotionS, senses, states of
Tind and possession. However, some verbs both Black: People who (3) like / r liking k want
stative and action verbs, but with different meaning. How everything to f t all the time. (4) Have you /
does th meaning of think h g i the sentences below? r you having difficulties with 50mething? Then these
scientists think that l ur5 affect ur emotions. are the l to h l you. They are also good at
The scientists r thinking of ishi g ti l about finding mistakes and they love puzzles!
their experiment.
Blue: l who like are emotional. These people
Read ?. r-1.3 of the Grammar R f r pages 61 -1 62
1
(5) do not usually / do usually not trust th r people
before you do the tasks.
very much. h r calm and (6) r 't expressing /
don't express their feeIings.
Yellow: (7) r you needing / Do you need good
{ riend to share your secrets? Then rs who likes
yellow is best. h r also imaginative and like
helpinq people.

Green: l who like gr r easy-9oing,

understanding and friendly. h (8) often i g /
i g often during arguments. h also like
shopping and owning expensive things.
Red: (9) Do you want / Are you wanting to have fun?
These are th l to go out With. h (10) r /
r being very s i and energetic l . h r
also good leaders and like taking risks.
 L\st \ q
Lirr"n to this dialogue and answer the three questions
below. The answers r shown as pictures. Write , or .
1 What was the oriqinal ri of the kitchen? L]
2 What ri did the w m Suggest for the kitchen? ]
3 What ri did they { i ll gr on? L

Read the conversation below and then come up with three

possible questions that could follow this dialogue.
Ll s -U
When you r listening
: So did you m to find nice jacket at the shops?
9 to dial09ue, don'tjUst
Woman: Well. lfound lots { nice jackets, but it took me l g time focus the la5t thin9
h r. The qUestion miqht
to decide which l r to get, First, l wanted u one
refer to the beginning or
because u is m favou ite colour. h , l thought l'd
to the middle ofthe
get something brighter, so I chose i k , but finally l (onversation. Take notes,
decided this w , which will go with most things if ss r , to help you
in my w rdr . remember what you hear.

(
.You will hear eight Sh ft conversations. After h conversation, you will asked question about
What you heard. The answer choices r shown 5 pictures ( , and ). Circle the letter of the rr t
answer. You will h r h conversation only .

&
!/z lA

10
 > q )
Work with Partner and answer these questions.
. what kind of rs lit have you got?
. what do you like l st about your s lit ?
. Do you prefer to in big or small groups?

Look at the following words which describe l personalities and match them to the descriptions.
4 ambitious t ]
2 artistic t] 5 sporty t]
adventurous I
6 amusing ]
lfyou want to get fit, l r mm d playing lot of sport. l l tennis and baskett,all every day, and l love it. l'd
advise u to do something you think is fun though.
She paints beautiful pictures and takes amazing photo9raphs. Perhaps she should sid r organisin9 h w
exhit,ition at the local commUnity centre.
L'm not r fit really, but l do enjoy h ll g . l try to avoid s t. friend suggested that l hike through
Pembrokeshire in Wales. I'm 9oing next year and l'm r ll excited,
t really Wants to succeed in life! h { i st option for him is to go to university and study marketing d economics,
The second option is to get job with good m and work his way up,
r mm d ti is that you volunteer at an im l sh lt . h always d heLp and they've r got
ugh money to for staff. You'd enjoy it and you'd helping animals in need.
1 think you shouLd meet my friend Marian, She's th { unniest s l know. She does some stand-up comedy and
h r stories r r ]l entertaining. We should 9 d watch h one evening soon,

] Work in pairs. Student should look at the pictures and

th information below.Student should look at th
.Jse
cictures below and use the information on 9 190.
Remember to use th Useful Expressions. Ll -U
Wh recommendin9 something to
i
ur partner, make sUre you do it i
polite Way.What you haveto 5 i5
jU5t ur opinion. Y ur partner may
agree or he/she may not.That iS the
natural course of any S ti .

4 5tudent : Ask these questions to find out

give
what u partner's l r is and th
u rt r some good advice,
. What is the prob!em?
; . What are the options?
. what r the disadvantages of each option?

fl
Us | l { xpross\oyls
Recommending
l think the first/Second option i5
best because,..
lt better to .,. than...
la advise you to ,..
recommendation/sugge5tion
-.l ,*._]E'ifiI } n

t .
iscuss this question With
s it ever
partner.
good idea to lie to friend r should you always tell the truth? wh ?, Nh not?
1,|
 Y V l r
Collocations & Expressions
circle the correct words.
] You can r ll save / make time if you take the bus. The tram is so slow!
2 lthink we should ll try to do / make difference helping others.
3 Make sure you keep / lose in touch sending postcards and emails while u'r travelling.
4 good way to ,r k / smash the ice is to tell joke.
5 Try to save / use your strength. You've got long day ahead of you t m rr w.
6 l didn't want to make / get tr u for Phil, but l had to tell the teacher he was cheating.
7 You have to tr hard to k / m l< bad habit - it isn't easy.
8 You must always k / save promi e that you've made to someone and do what you've said you'll do.

choose the correct answers.

1 lf you see red, you
very gr very calm
2 Wh you r { eeling blue, you are
h rful sad r depressed
lf you gr with envy, you r
jealous suspicious
4 When person is tickled pink about something, they r _.
very pleased tired
5 h k sheep of the family is the rs who is
unlike the others the 5 m as the others

6 l { you saysomeone isas good as gold, you meantheyare

naughty well-behaved

Prepositions
Complete the sentences with these prepositions. Some
prepositions used more th once.
at in of to with
1 You r Jl shouldn't sh t _ r m th r.
2 boss said he has great confidence _ me.
3 l hope my new diet and daily exercise will have positive
effect m .
4 l don't want to associated _ J h more.
He'S nasty r5 .
5 Gary is getting g g d ._ Lucy even though
they have very little _ __. mm .
6 James is old-fashioned. doesn't approve _
w m i g their share of the bill,

D Discuss these questions with partner.

What makes you see red? What makes you feel ?
Wh did you last feel green with envy? Why?
Wh t good way to k the ice wh you meet
s m w?
How important i5 it to make difference in the world? Why?
How do you keep in t u h with ur friends?

12
 i l s
Read the sentences and d rli the articles. Then
answer the questions.
Red is colour.
Red is the l r of d.
'l Which sentence talks about something in g r l? !
2 Which sentence talks about something specific?

Read the sentences and look at which articles (if )

are used with th s in bold. h , answer the
question5.
What are your favourite l rs?
The education l got at school didn't really prepare m
for r l life.
child should grow up in loving family.
d The teachers at this school are very su rti .
Depression lead to very serious health r ms.
f famous psychologist h s come up with new
personality test. h psychologist thinks it will help us
u d rst d ourselves better.
Which m l shows us
1 u that has used for the first time and then mentioned 9 i with different article?
2 specific plural noun?
3 specific u t ?
4 plural without rti l and used with 9 r l meaning?
5 singular t with 9 r l m i g?
6 t u used with 9 r l m i g?

Gr l th correct words to complete the rules.

-re definite / inde { inite article is used before singular u t s to refer to them in general sense r to mention
:-em for the first time.
-re definite / indefinite article is used f r singular d plural u t and u t 5 to refer to them in
:cecific sense. lt is also used when something has already mentioned.
Read '1.4-r.5 oftfie Gr mm r R f r 9 'l62 before do the tasks.

circle th correct words. D These sentences h contain mistak .

Find the mistakes and then write the correct
1 / The / university education is 9reat start i life. sentences in r notebook.
2 / , / rh British pre { er gr apples to red s.
l knew that m would d up in the / / - prison
1 This is very good advice,
one day. 2 Today is very hot day.
4 l friend works aS the / / - Scientist. 3 l'm tired, so lthink lwill go to the bed.
5 Relaxing for / / the hour in green room help 4 Some l don't have the eakfast in the
you r l . mornings.
6 Wearing the / / - red clothes makes you stand out in 5 The maths is my favourite sub.iect at school.
crowd. 6 Gobi Desert is i Asia.
7 She has / the / - special place in h r house where 7 [V]ount olympuS iS highest mountain i Gr .
she relaxes. 8 l Want to go to an university i London next r.
8 Nowadays, rl ll the / / l have got 9 The Chinese is very difficult l gu 9 .
computer at h m .
10 Nile is the longest river in fri .
9 Paint your kitchen yellow to i s / / the
appetite { your family.
10 We Went to that W restaurant and the / / - di r
we had was great.

\ 1
 = q
vtlrrfi 11
Using colourful idioms & phrasal verbs
Wh you write informal letter to someone, s
few l ur { l idioms d phrasal verbs to make r
writing sound m r tur l, m r informal and m r
interesting. When you learn new idioms and hr s l
verbs, make sur you make note of the structure
that follows them, so that you use them r rl .
F r example, check to see i { they r followed
u , an in { initive, gerund preposition.

t h the idioms and phrasal verbs with their meanings.

1 get well with t] look forward to something h i g
2 have loads i mm with h the same tastes and interests 5
get on somebody's nerves I r ll like, fan {
4 into J d have 9ood elationship with
5 dying tolfor t] someone's favourite rs r thing
6 t r l at t] I annoy 5omeone
7 h g out with f 9 extremely good at
8 , s m um , r h spend leisure time with

d the writing task and answer the questions below.

Your glish t h r at schoo/ has rr g d /s for // the students i ur c/ass, 5 that you can r ctise writing i
gllsh. write /etter to your w l introducing yourself d ur family d talking about the ihings you /ikei
1 What kind of task do you have to write?
2 How many things r you asked to i l d in u letter?
3 What r they?
4 What details could you give about yourself and ur { amily?
5 What things would l interested i knowingthatyou like?

Complete the model letter with , i , with, to r into.

Hi Nuri ,
How ale yo!r? I'm Lyndsay youl new penpal, English teacl]er gave m r profile,

Guesswhat?We'vegotloads(1).-common.For.astalt,WeWeIebornonthesa reday-l7th
I've got two older sisters! h r great in_general, but
octobel! ISnt that a-" "i"gi arr" " rike
When We 'borrow' each others' clothes!
'

Sometimes We get ( 2) - each oiher's nerves - esPecially

Do you get on well (3) '-_ yours?

Mymumanddadarecool'Dad gotaclothesshopwhichsellsallthelatestfashions.Mum alawyel,Soshe

s veTy busy, What do yotrr parents do?
ThethingsthatIlikedoingmostaregymnasticsandlisteningtomusic.ldogymnasticsthleetimesaweek
at the district championship this , AS fol
and I train ll h,.rd, rrr*'ii;;; i .l'il hoping to -in u -edil
Justin BeibeL Are you fan?
musi , I'm really (4)

Well, that's all for the moment, Write Soon, I'm dying
(5) firrd t m r about you!

Take care,
-- -
Lyndsay

14
 _ ck again !

] Read the model letter again and tick the things the Writer
has done.
1 explained who sh is t]
2 written about similarities between h r and Nuria

, 4
given info mation about h r immediate family J
mentioned l thing she likes l_
5 writt i h rful t f
5 included add esses

iVrite the correct paragraph number fr m the model letter

,]ext to theSe descriptions.

Discuss the things you like.

Talk about the things you have in common with th r d r.
Ask about the reader and introduce yourself i fl . l ]
J k about th r members of your family. ]
i g the letter to end d sign off. t ]

Look at the Useful Expressions and complete these questions.

Sometimes more th answer is possible.
rock or music?
2 the th r kids in your class?
in m ut r g s?
4 band of all time?
5 lVhat does u mum do
6 at drawing?
|1 g !
are you taking this r?
What is u th r 1

, r to youI
--: Read the writing Lloso-|)p
task and make r gr h l for ur letter.
Remember to include some colourful idioms and some phrasal When you Wrjte lelter to penpal,
verbs to make your letter more { riendly and interesting.
you should show inte est in him or i.
her ki g few questions. 'hpse
'/ r English teacher at
schoo/ has rr g d penpa/s f r // the students qUestions sound m natural ifyou i
- your c/ass so that u putthem atthe end of description
r tii writing i English, write letter
: W penpal i tr du i g of ur own. F r example, if you write
Ur rs lf, your friends d te!!ing ur t Ur parents, you
l about ask about
r favourite schoo/ sutryects- (12 -l8 words)
u penpal's parents immediately
afterwardb,

US | l { xpress\o s
Asking generally about the reader Asking about likes/dislikes
HoW ? Are you fan of ...?
What have you up to lately? Are you into .,.?
HOWarethingsin...? Areyou interested in .,.?
A5king about family and friends What qets yoUr r 5?
What are your brothers/sisters/mum and dad/best friends like? Wh t Ur number ..,?
How m people there in Ur family? Asking about school
Wh t it like bejn9 l child? Wh yoUr favoUrite teacher?
Where does your best friend live? Wh t Ur best/favoUrite 5ubject?
Do you get on Well With ...? Which subjects r taking thi5 r?
Have you got lot in mm With ...? r U qood/a natural at ..,?
How old islare...?
HoW long have you best friends?
What does ... do f r living?
What iS ... job?

,l5
 Before you watch
Match th words to the meanlngs.
1 outback pictu r
2 Aboriginal mi g worse
civilisation cold-blooded animal that lays eggs (snake, crocodile, turtle, etc)
4 image d area of Australia, f r away fr m the coast and towns, especially the d s ts in central Australia
5 r til L] the way of life and culture of society from particular rt of the w rld
6 deterioration I l t relating to the first l of Australia

While you watch

watch the DvD and decide if thes statements are true or false. write for true and F for false.
1 lot of Dreamtime paintings at Kakadu National Park r r 0,000 rs old. tr
2 l lV]orris thinks that Aboriginal paintin9s r similar to ancient rock paintinqs fr m other continents. f
The Aborigines have lived i the land we now call Australia for between 40,000 and 100,0 0 years.
4 Ancient Aboriginal rt describes everyday life, tells stories about anima {s and sometimes about wars.
5 lf Aboriginal gr painted kangaroos, they also painted tu tles d birds.
6 h r haven't been Aboriginal rock artists since the 1960s.

After you watch

Complete the summary ofthe DVD below using these words.
k due human tandscape Loss m m ri s igi t rapidty r rds specific
str li very Jarge country with varied
is
(1) lt has rainforests, the outback d s t d the
seaside. Australia has also got r l g history that goes back to
ancient l , h lived there m thousands of years 9 and sti { l live
there w. l fact, they are the oldest continuous (2') _
ltur Earth. They r the Aborigines { Australia. Long f th r
W r towns in Australia, Aboriginal a tists painted the Dreamtime, the
tr rigi l story of the beginning of the world. The ancient Aboriginal
artists thought that th ir paintings had special powers. lf they wanted to
catch lot of fish, they painted lot of fish. They also had special rul s. F r
example, they painted certain types { pictures at (3)
times of the year. Today, many of the (4) rock paintinqs
are losing th ir l ur. This is (5) to bad weather as
well as insects and reptiles walking over them. Naturalists Iike lan lVorris r
trying to { ight these agents of deterioration in rd r to prevent the
(6) of these wonderful paintings. They r the oldest art
(7) of hum civilisation in the world and thev must
protected. Hopefully, these paintings will h l save the
(8) of the ancient world of the Aborigines in m d r
worJd that is (9) changing. lVodern rigi l artists are
also trying to help keep their traditions painting pictures on (10) , r and wood.
Contemporary Aboriginal t is gettin9 m r and m r famous, and r expensive.

D Discuss these questions With partner.

. Aboriginal rt is tradition in Australia. What r some ofthe traditional types of t in ur country?
. Are traditional arts in d g r of disappearing? What r the r msth might { ace i th fut r ?
. which ancient civilisation would you like to find out more t? Explain why.
16
article, mis5ing 5entences
mystery-reIated words, hr s | verbs, w rd formation
past simple, past continuous, used to, would, used to &get used to
multiple-choice questions
taIking about mysteries, decision making, persuading & convincing
story, using adiectives and adverbs

trum
 h places and things below are all associated
with mysteries. What do you know about them?
. the LoSt city { Atlantis . the Nazca Lines
. the Bermuda Triangle . Stonehenge
. the Easter lsland statues i.ir'fo|esi: forest i t i l
r wh r th r is lot of r j
i,! rti |)lt. eri.:.] r|s: people who
Quickly read the text about the and
\,,

have li i g i N th d
match the descriptions - with each of the
S uth m i si well
paragraphs 1-5. f r u 5 r i d
Look at theories about th l i detaiJ, ] e,|1-iilt|ae: to surr u d
enclose samething
Say why the mystery of th wi researched
in the future. |,\,:i,e a,,!i: d 9tr s m thi g
completely
Look at th r about what h d in
h i g too
in detail. fl t,, -:r::. !,l':: ! :
:,-

mq people f the amount of

d l tr du the lVaya, th ir h l it t and th ir food d 5 available
disappearance. :.: ' :lll:: l rg um of
Talk about different theories that r h ogists people suff ri gfr m the 5 m
have about what happened to the , ] diseqse qt the same time

L
Yfu s & # hF dm cuy cugl;ottd

lost Wor d lies hidden deep Within the ]Il st! of central
America. HUndredS of citieS and town5 Stand m g the tr S.
These Used to home to millions of |.,]ai r,le Attle icaitl k w
as the , who lived in the Central m ri jungle for
r ir t l ,000 rs, h built i r di civiLisation
I':fr, it
{ iffffi
which was at its peak for about 750 years, F r m of the

- :.]" ;::,liti;;il i ::
proud temp es :- :::: + : + +which
d palaces, !i ,:::,:
r now|,in" ruins.
:::?;' # : "
So What happened to these people? h ir disappearance
is considered of the biggest mySterieS in archaeology.
Did they d their beautiful cities, did 5 m disaste
,,,! ] them oLt?
F r decades, archaeologists have trying
to discover what happened, and there i5 5till gr m t.
Theories r g fr m the invasion of foreign f s and
migration to disease and the collapse of ,,, i -] ated
Society.2 otherS think that i li caused
thousands of deaths, New evidence has r tl
ought to light inveStigation into the l 5 of mud
at the bottom of ake i the region, ThiS Suggests that
l g La5ting dr ght was important factor in their
disappearance. However, there are so m possibilities that
m r 5 r h rS W believe that it Wa5 cornbination of
two r m r of these things that caused the downfa

mi some of the theorieS about What h d to

the lvlaya, l Went to t l Ame[ica. l viSited cities
and talked to the archaeo]ogiStS Who Were studying them.
r hot day, l Stood ri r k r the rui 5 of
Cancuen, which was thriving c;ty, Thousands of
 Get the meaning l
,l -U D Complete the sentences with these verbs in
-:,,l
u do missing sentences taSk, u should the correct form.
:. ior ]lnking words and phrasesthat tthe
j; "g Sentences With the sentences that come before d boast ri g ftee S ff Weaken
, - : :fter the
9 . These might determiners like
1
i-.: lal pronouns, the words this and th40 expre55ion5 bad diet will seriously your b,ody,
: r add Somethin9 to What has jUSt said; or 2 h robbers to the mountains to
. , :-:S5ionS that 5hoW contra5t, agreement r sequence. escape the police,
Did the archaeologist w
- = ive sentences h removed { rom the text. evidence to light?
choose from the sentences -F th one which fits 4 h king'sm de { eat in batt|e.
h gap (1-5). There is extra sentence which you 5 h villagers their homes and r
not need to use. into the forest.
i h r just wasn't enough food f r th residents. 6 h castle sixteen bedrooms and
t was decorated with red tiles and had held ten bathrooms.
drinking water f th city,
i r example, some think natura disaster like an
earthquake r volcanic eruption occurred.
Today the lVaya's cities are empty.
Can you think of mysteries in ur tr ? What
This drought and w rf r r l shook the peopJe's are they?
faith in their king, Why are l so fascinated mysteries?
During my visit, it rt i ] captured mine.

ar l . - : live there and ri h people fr m other cities would go th r

.
5. ] -:
idays. But that ll changed ],2 15 ago. Archaeologists
W . :,lat invaders m suddenly, r . They m
l
: : tt ed With soldiers the ri r f r heading into the city
]tion :--:-:, followed the path they would have taken and came across
: - Jz,lg next to thp ruirs ofa l rg pool. Ther,
.l -. ,- tomb. The invacers killec the city's leade:s jnd threw
: , di s into the Water. The invasion must have quick and
. '],ing. The city'S People w r l So Scared that they fled
: :re rainforest.

.:-it different story in another place that l viSited, the great

r , i ik l. About 55, people |ived th r , and the city
, g :.ied roughly ,000 m j r buildings. Tikal remained lively
:. :, ' r decades after u fell, but t ll it was al50
,::-Coned, Why? Archaeologists think the city suffered drought
:: nade it hard to gr W r , 5, squash d the other foods
- :,] Were important i the diet of the . W rf r m also
, ,: weakened the Sociely 5 the people of Tikal battled With
. . "l uri g cities. 4 The thought of their rulers as
. -;, Wh the king couldn't bring r i or victory, though, people
- : , have Stopped listening to him, d their mmu it then fell
]at

', -aIever the us ol the Maya's disappearance, their downfall

continue to capture people's imagination for m 15 to
- : - . 5 While l was w d ri g m g the pyramids and
:.rp eS at Tikai, l imagined the l livingihere in the city's ast
::, j, l could picture them hu gr , tired d Scared, fleeing from
- eir homes.
Like the in m places in the rainforests of
:: tr l m ri , they left behind great city and great mystery.
1,1 V l r
Match these words 1-8 with their definitions a-h.
1 urr something We See that Seems to r l but actually isn't
2 h m something that helps you to solve mystery
hoax something made of stone where dead body is placed
4 clue tJ d something that happens
5 illusion news story about something that has happened
6 report f fact r event in nature r society, usually one not fully understood
7 tomb g person who solves mysteries or crimes
8 detective a h trick someone uses to fool others

Complete the sentences using both words.

1 cemetery dis r cave legend
Experts r still confused the i t Native m ri Says
of the body from gr in the that the is haunted spirits.
2 odd abandoned theorieS m hs
h t h r 's light 5hining Y ur about the civilisation
i th window of that old are good ones, but you have to support them With
house. 5omething more th
tri k magician evidence archaeoto9ist
Don't let the fool you; Does the have r l
wh h cuts the lady in the in half, it's l that the Egyptian pyramids
were built creatures fr m outer space?

Complete the text With these words.

a[iens incidences investigated mysterious
practicat jokes r 5 h rS solved witnesses

of h's little mysteries

We all know that the th can ( ) (1) l
at times. ll r the world, Strange things h and often experts
cannot explain why or how they occur. Take r circles for example.
Although some people trelieve that these circles are created
(2, most ( ) feel
that th r is something m r ' rth ' about the circles' creators,
l most (4) they believe that it is humans
l i 9 (5) that are r s i f r the
tt r S, t 9r men travelling i UF s.

ln case that experts (6) it was discovered

that two m from Southampton, England had designed the 12-m tr
circle whi h sudden|y appeared in l l { armer's field day. When
questioned police, they denied being involved, but several
(7l came forward d that particular crop
circle mystery was quickly (8)

D Do you agree with these statements? Compare r answers with r .

. lv]ost iz rr h m can explained scientific evidence.
. l who l practicaljokes and waste the time of the m rg services should punished.
. There have breen incidences of aliens visiting our planet.
. Researchers shouldn't waste their time investigating reports of ghosts and spirits.
 Past Simple
Match each sentence with use { the
Past 5im l .
] We watched documentary the Pyramids
and Wrote report about it. I
2 James woke up at f ur o'clock every
m r i g. !
Agatha christie Wr t over 80 detective
stories i h r lifetime. ;_.,]

We can use the Past Simple for

action or situation which started d
finished in the past.
actions which happened a { ter the other
in the past, Complete the text with the correct form of the Past
past routines and habits. Simple or the Past Continuous of the verbs i ackets.
Say5
past continuous
ritS.
r l castle
Match each sentence with one use of the The amazing Coral Castle in Fl id was the creation of very
;ation past continuous.
l r m named dw rd Leedskalnin. Leedskalnin
1 While the policeman was collecting the (1) (immigrate) to m ri in the
evidence, r rt r arrived to ask some early twentieth century and (2)
questions. f_l J (spend) most of hjs life buildin9 Coral Castle. build the
2 l was reading about th crop circles while my castle, h ( ) (move) huge stone
th r was watching DVD. ! ks all himself. How he did this is mystery because h
The detective Was investigating the crime (4) (not allow) to watch
scene at ten o'clock this morning. f l while h (5) (work).

we use the past continuous for one of Leedskalnin'S most S t l r creations WaS nine-
action that Was in progress at specific t revolving door. door was so well-balanced that it
h
time in the past. (6) ( ) with the push { finger.
two r m r actions that Were in progress at Not,ody could understand how this w k d until the door
the same time in the past. (7) ( k) in '1986. While engineers
an action that Was i progress in the past that (8) (repair) it, they found that
Was interrupted another action. Leedskalnin had put t of truck called ri g in the
tr . The gi rs (9) (replace)
careful! the bearin9, but the door l g r opens as easily as it did
R m m r that we don't u5 stative verbs in
orig in ll .
:ontinUous tenSes.
l December '195], Leedskalnin (10)
Read 2,1-2.2 ol the Gr r m r R f r page
16 before you do th tasks. (realise) that he (1 1) (suffer) from
illness and he put notice the gate of Coral Castle which
said'Going to the hospital'. Unfortunately, he
(12, (die)there thr days later, b,ut
n:: . in his creation. which touris still visit.
::-. ] :*
D Complete th sentences With the correct form of the Past Simple or the Past continuous of the verbs in brackets.
the archaeologi5t5 th site when they
some gold colns? (excavate, find)
2 The children what the historian ( t Understand, Say)
to south m ri last month, ut l the opportunity to See the
Nazca Lines. (tr l, t have)
the famous writer mysteriously before he
his latest novel? (disappear, finish)
5lt wh the bizarre accident (rain, h )

21
 t-i*tc \ tr
Match the words to the meanings.
] mystery t ] facts r objects which make you think something is true
2 disappearance I l something we don't fully know or understand
3 evidence t- decision about something after having taken into account l { acts
4 th L] d idea you have that tries to l i something
5 lusi the act of leaving s r tl r without explanation

[-lirt"n to these speakers and decide whether the sentences

below are tr or false. Write (true) or F (false).
1 h woman knows f r rt i what happened. !
2 We know what happened to the two m .
h scientist th r was rr t, -
4 h rts know what h d in this case. fl

Lloso-Up
The answers r i the 5ame order 5 the questions. !'

lf you can't answer qUestion, leave jt 5 that u don't

mi55 the information f the next qUestion5. Then go i
back and try to 5W r the question(s) miSsed.
Never leave question unanswered and if you need to,
jU5t 9Uess. .

(' You will heara radio interview about mystery

on Mount Everest. F r questions 'l -6 choose the best
answer ( , or ).
1 Mallory d lr i made the climb up Everest in
1924,
1929.
195 -

We know that Mallory and lrvine

climbed at least 8,000 m tr s st.
reached the summit of Everest.
were on the way back down when they died.
Some peopIe think ll r reached the summit because
they found photos ofthe summit his body.
his wife's photo was found at the summit.
his wif photo was not his body.
The discovery of Ma1lory's goggles
tells us that it must h d k when h died.
tells us what the weather must have like when h died.
doesn't te]l us ugh to solve the mystery.
Matt Steve'ls thinks l r and l.vine
de { initely reached the summit. l 1999 an l h in th Himalayas
r i r h d the summit. killed climber Alex LoWe, Pictu.ed
above in Antarctica, and badly hu*
r ,l didn't r h the summit.
conrad k r, the di r r of
N.4att thinks that MaiJory r felJ because ll ry's body.
his body had rope attached to it.
his body was covered i snow,
his m r was found with his body.

22
 Spe k\ 1
Work with rt r and answer these questions.
. Wh you think of mysteries, what comes to mind?
. Do you like mysteries? Why?/Why not?
. What is your favourite mystery l. film r TV r gr mm ? Why do you like it?

Read the sentences below and decide which you would use to agree ( ),
[acts disagree (D) or partly agree ( ) with i i .
] You're absolutely right.
2 l true.
don't think that's entirely Ll s -U
How that?
you say Don't.just give one-Word answers; l i
4 h t exactly what lthink. and justify your answer 5 thi5 Will make your
conversation more natural, lf your partner
5 l agree with you up to point, doesn't h m h to say, try to get feedback
6 l'm afraid l don't agree. from him or her to see if he or she agrees or
7 l 9r entirely. disagrees With What you are saying.

lmagine that you and your friends want to solve mystery. S m keeps spraying graffiti on the
outside of your school at night and you want to find out who it is without being seen. First, talk together
about the different items you can use to so|ve th mystery. h , decide which two objects would the
most useful. Remember to use the Useful Expressions,

( ,,_

Discuss these questions with partner. f l { r ss\ s

. Why do you think people r interested in mysteries?
. What qualities does good detective need? Persuading and convincing
. ls good mystery where you 't predict th ending?
But don't think that ... is r ll good idea?
Surely, using ... Won't makethat m h ofa difference.
Wh ? r'r/h not? ... is good idea. isnt it?
. How r mystery books different { r m history books? |'m sure youa agree that ... Would h l solve the mystery.
. lf w r to write mystery novei, what would it about?
 phrasal verbs
Match th hr s l verbs to their meanings.
1 make out L make certain sound
2 ]ook into examine facts and i f m ti
stick to f l talk l ut subl'ect
4 take in d m 9 to See 5omething
tri k, deceive
6 believe in [ 1 f sur that somethinq exists

Complete the Sentences With the correct form of the phrasal verbs from .
1 lt WaS So dark in the r r that l ld 't where hi g was.
carrie loud scream when she thought she saw the yeti|
Do you UFOs? l certainly do because l've seen onel
4 lwasn't his pretending to ghost.
Il m exactly what happened and please try to the facts.
6 The detective th case, but h couldn't find any clues to help him.

word formation
complete the text with the correct form of th words.

lt's r i i g { at and fr
When it iS uri g with r i , we often sar'it's raining cats and
dogs'which sounds totally (1) , but RlDlcULE
sometimes it's not too far fr m the truthI
(2) rain is very bizarre h m , U5UAL
but it's reported from all corners of the l . scientists
h come up with some interesting ( ) ExPLAlN
f the Strange rain, but haven't ] to r of them
5 far. Let'S have look at few of the Stran9e5t rr s.
ln 19 1, the citizens of Nafpiio in G Woke to
(4) sight. Hundreds of small g
", i}
REMARK
frogs were falling fr m the sky! h r was th r strange
(5) that added to the mystery. DlScoVER (}
h frogs were not ones usually found i Greece. They were
native to North fri ! (6) , town slMlLAR
in s th r Tasmania experienced Something r th r str g
night in 1996. After thu d St rm, the l of the town found
everything outside covered in (7) White sTlcK
substance. Scienti5ts quickly came to the (8) coNcLUDE
that it had been r i i g fish eggs r jelJyfish!
Reports of Strange r i don't always involve animals though. l 1857,
i Lake County, California, the (9) had RES|DE
Sweet treat] F r two nights i r w, it r i d suqar crystals!
h locals made the best of the (1 ) 5lTUATE
making syrup from the sug r!

D Do you agree with these Statements? Discuss With

Partner.
. ldon't believe in ghosts! They just don't e ist.
. h r must logical l ti { r. r m st . We just haven'tfound them all yet.
. Scientists shouldn't Waste their time |ooking into strang" pb"no. "n" ,
24
Used to, Would, used to & Get used to
Look at the sentences and sw r the questions below. Complete the rule with u ed to or would.
can used to talk about
dad used to archaeologist when he lived
states r repeated actions in the past, but
in Egypt.
only used to talk
Brian would read mystery novels when he was on holiday.
about repeated actions in the past. lt can't
h detective is used to investigating mysleries,
used to talk about states.
d h new police officer is getting used to his duties.
Complete the rules with used to or get
which sentence re { ers to
used to.
1 something that is usual or familiar? We use to talk about actions
2 action in the past? or states that are becoming familiar to us. We

state i th past?
use to talk about actions or
states that are usual or familiar.
4 the process of something becoming familiar?
Read 2, -2,4 of the Gr mm r R f r
page 16 before you do the tasks,

Tick the correct sentences and rr t the wrong ones in your notebooks.
1 l\4 neighbour used to disappear f r days at time,
2 Did your dad use to watch Dr lul h wh he was young ?
Would they live i that haunted h us f r moving to r street?
4 l would to look into every 5tr 9 urr that she heard about.
5 l didn't used to attention when my gr t- u t told me about h r adventures.
6 Michael wouldn't ]ike reading about unexplained mysteries when he was teenager. !
choose the correct answers.
1 lt was difficult, but l slowly got used in the su at archaeological sites.
to Work to working working
2 l ] history teacher go on and about the lVlayan civilization,
WaS getting Used to was used to would
W r answering questions about the exhibits when you worked at the museum?
you used to you get used to you u5 to
4 | r h l g before l became teacher
used to studying used to study use to study
5 John hearing about amazing places because his f th is l r r,
is used to would used to
6 _ live in Cairo when you were doing your research?
Did you get used to Did you use to Would

D Complete the second sentences so they have similar meaning to the

first sentences. use th words in bold.
1 Tom used to read thi g about the rmud niangie. would
Tom thi g about the Bermuda Triangle.
2 h children quickly adjusted to their new school. got
h children quickly their w school.
3 J is worried that she won't able to adapt to the Peruvian lifestyle. used
Jenny is worried that she won't the Peruvian li { estyle,
4 At first it was difficult to s the lnternet to find information, but now it mu h easier m
Now, l the lnternet to find information.
5 Would your lecturer l s the possible reasons for the disappearance of the dinosaur? to
Did your lecturer l 5 the ssi r s s f r the disappearance [
the dinosaur?

25
 Using adjectives and adverbs
lmprove ur stories using descriptive adjectives and
d r s of time, place, m r and degree. They help
the reader to build up l r picture of the l ,
places and events in the story, as well as to add dr m d
5uspense. Remember:
. when we U5 two or m r adjective together, they
usually come in this rd r: opinion, size, 9 , shape,
colour, origin, material.
. wh we use ad,jectives ending in -edwe describe how
5 m is affected something, whereas adjectives
di g in -i g d s i how someone r something
affects th r5.
. when we use m th adverb in sentence, they
usually come i this rd r: m 1 l , time. BUt When
th r is r of movement (eg go, ru , walk)they come
in this order: l , m r. time,

circle the correct words.

1 r outside qulckly / qrric < outside.
2 lt had the most thri ling / th iIl d day of their lives.
She wrapped the present USin9 l g r d s] k / si < d g ri .
4 They sat opposite silentJy / sil, ^ ntly opposite th odd statue.
5 lnside the was ( ) unusual 9 meta ic / r g L]nUS a meta lic toy.
6 Everyone was m rr ssi g / embarrassed Wh the Story Was leaked to the r ss.

Read tbe writing task below and underline the key words. what will you write? who will the
main character?
write story which begins with this sentence: /t was th scariest thing 5h had r seen.

Read the model story and complete it with these adjectives and adverbs.
f lt t i enthusiasticalty gr ust 5uddenty Weird young

lt Was the Scariest thing she had r Seen, As h t gr h r, Jodie was used to seeing (1)
and wonderful things, but she had seen anything like this.
She was working tory about mysteries and had h rd that local forest was haunted, r colleague R t was
keen to go there and he (2) agreed to camp th r with h r. But after camping out
f r thr nights, they had s nothing tr rdi r .
h , at midnight the last night, moving green liqhts ( ) appeared m g th
trees. Jodie took out h r m r and Started taking photos. She didn't know what the lights were. but they looked
r Strange. 'l have to get them film,' she thought,
When Jodie rri d h m , she headed f r th dark r m. She hu g up the { i st photo (4)
d stared at it i astonishment, Bright (5) lights formed ir l round the trees.
But the most iz rr thing was the (6) who stood in the middle. Jodie was
17' he hadn't there,
Pickin9 up the h , She tried to Stop herselffrom tr m i g. 'He-hello, Robert,'she stammered
(8) -- 'l think you'd better m r h r riqht now,'

26
-: k again
] iead the model story again and answer these questions.
- ,Vhat was the s r thing that Jodie saw?
2 ) we find this out immediately after the first sentence?
: was she when she saw the thing that scared her?
: "low
" /h r
does Jodie feel about what she saw?
do you think sh wants Robert to go to r house?
" " /h

the correct r gr h number from the model story next to these descriptions.
"j it
: ri g the story to end.
s ri the background to the story. t]
: s ri the scary thing in detail.
,t d an event that adds Suspense to the story,
Lloso-Up
i STart with the sentence given and introduce the main h r t r. l] Wh you have finished writing
r story. read through it to
-cok at the Useful Expressions and circ|e the correct answers. check that it reads well. use this
' s this r l or is it ?
check list to help you:
optica illusion out of the ordinary iz rr
1 HaS the Story got breginning,
middle and end?
2 stared at him i 2 DoeS the sentence given make
mystery disbelie { sight 5en5e in relation to the rest of
j can't understand this. lt's abrsolutely
the Story?
odd u usu l i li
3 r the paragraphs l rl
organised?
m r ll this ri . 4 Have l used rr ti tenses?
chilled eerie thrilling 5 Does the story include
5 h story is strange, but interesting details?
l edited spelling and
mysterious true curious
grammar mistakes?
, r to !
Read th writing task below and make r gr h l for your story. Remember to include adjectives
d adverbs to add suspense and to helP the reader build up clear picture.
,', - te story which begins with this sentence: As soon as they opened the dooL they knew something Was Wr g.
-20-180
words)

-*
Us | l { r s; \ ls
De5cribing mysterie5
. oUt ofthe ordinary/Unu5Ual
zarre/stran9e/e traordinary sight/sound

a U rl us
a rie
' S i ti g
,r
aStonishment/disbelief
lcredible
nexplicable
,ay5teriou5
.nyStery
dd
cpt]cal illUSion
cut ofthis world
;tr 9 , but trU
strange h m / urr
thrilling/thrilled
Lveird d wonderful
 Before you watch
How m h do you know about some of the famous mysteries of th world?
Complete the sentences using these words.
Bigfoot Devit's Nessie Yeti
1 is an affectionate nickname given to the Loch Ness Monster.
2 h ri gl is the m some l give to the Bermuda Trianqle.
The , mi l Snowman/ or is said to live i the im l region.
4 Has anybody r really photographed Sasquatch, otherwise known as :?

While you watch

Watch th DvD g i and circle the words you h r.
-.
1 The b,est l to See thiS my'tery iS at the viewing / w t hi g Site. just east of Marfa.
2 What do the lights look like? Well, it changes / depends who you talk to.
3 The r and disappearance / vanishing of the Jights was seen pi { ots flying h r .
4 'We discovered these mjstake / h off in the distance, close to the ground.'
5 But who explain wh r the lights come from? Wh r are they actually located / Situated?
6 lf the mystery is unanswe ed, people will keep s r hi g / investigating.

After watch
complete the summary of the DvD below using these words.
divide head off investigate h m r f r h reported
The hihu hu Desert i west Texas is th |arqest desert in North m ri .
wi t rs are cool and summers r extremely hot. This r is also home to
mysterious (1) called th 'Marfa Lights'. These r
b,right lights that appear suddenly in the night Sky and then, jUSt 5 qUickly,
they (2) into the distance disappear. SomeLimes
they ( ) into m r th two lights. They r in the
same (4) of the desert - r town called Marfa. The
lights sometimes get close to people's houses. one woman who lived
remote (5) _ tells the story of wh t she ri d
one night. She got in bed and suddenly she saw the lights (6) through h r bredroom window. She
watched them h g l ur for few minutes. Eventually they went away, Apparently, pilots who used to train in th
desert in the 1940s also (7) that they Used to See these mysterious lights.
Wh t causes the lights? Fritz hl, who was one of those pilots, thinks he has ( ) (8) to this
qUestion. believes that the lights are natural Urr and that they exist ll r the world. Howeve1 as l g
as the Marfa mystery remains unanswered, l will continue to (9) the lights to find out wh
they m from and how l g they have existed, l Want (1 ) not opinions and theories.
whatever these lights r ll r , they are as mysterious today as when they first appeared and it is dou fu]
that the
mystery behind them will r solved.
--

D Discuss these questions with partner.

. what else do you know about the mysteries m ti d i ?
. Would you like to visit l wh r { amous mystery exists? Why?/Why not?
. r there famous mysteries in Ur country?

2
 1 Unitsl & 2

, V l r
complete the sentences with both words.
m rr ss d amused
Don't feel about r r . You look fine.
Why r you so ? l don't think it's at ll funny.
r m rk 9 [ r S
Neil Armstrong's achievement was absolutely
Dad is both kind d with others,
beLief leqend
lt iS my that everyone needs { i ds.
Have you h rd the of the ghost rider?
ridicUlou5 99r ssi
please calm down. y shouldn't so
lt's absolutely to believe that the house is h u t d.
exp[anation illusion
l know it looks like pool of water. but it l
lf there is an for this mystery, l'd like to know what it is.

3 Complete th text using these words.

[ disappearances evidence hoax r s r h rs witness s
_-:.:h ve eenm ny sesofstr nge )-intheworld. utoneoftheStr n9est
j:-:: seofD vidL ng. heStor 9oe5th ton23rdSeptem er188O,whilew lkingthrough fieldin
:- - ss r his h m and being watched several (2) David Lang disappeared i
._r.Step. iswife ndtheotherSpreSentrantoSeewh th dh ppenedtohim, utthe didn,tfindeven
: -: . ) __ to help them solve the mystery. Lang had simply vanished. Some time l t r, I
-: -..ci wh r Lang had disappeared was marked ir l of yellowed grass almost five metres across. i
. -- ^ 9 ever gr w th , again,
, :h case of David Lang has become well-known, most (4) who have studied i
-- : :.se believe that it i5 ( ) (5) _. h point out that, despite lengthy investigations, i
.- 6) has found that Lang even existed. believe that the story was made .

h :_. j u list i the '1880s. lt could that the truth of the matter will r known.
:h
-,

Complete the table with break, keep, make and s .

9
:- -
plom]se , 9
d|ff9l9nc,e 1 1h9biJ r strength
in touch tr u ice
the time

) ir t the correct words.

'] ThiS iS real mystery. We have to loQk into / Stick to it.
2 Don't u r lis he's letting you out / takin9 you in with his silly stories?
u mal < e out / believe i that strange house ahead?
4 Do you approve ur r th r behaviour?
{ / on
5 Don't w rry. l have plenty of confidence i / at you,
6 l've got nothing / in mm with you.

29
 1 Units 1& 2

( r r
complete the sentences with the present simple or the present continuous of th verbs in brackets,
1l ( l ) tennis three times week.
2 Mum. why you f r r (shout) at me?
u (brelieve) in the Loch Ness Monster?
4 (9 ) on the mystery t ur tomorrow.
5 h meeting (not ) at 9 am today.
6 Grandma (come)to visit a9ain on Sunday?
7 l this picture, the __ (not cry).
8 Li9 ht (travel) at almost 00,000 km per second.

Complete the sentences with , an, tbe or -.

1 _
ls girl next door very pretty?
2 h r -_ free table h r . r sha]l we sit at one over th r ?
ls __ physics _ only sutrject
u ever found difficult?
4 l want to buy m ,r ll and other things, but l l have hour to shop.
5 Nowadays, hiJdr mostly do th ir homework on computers.
6 lenjoy learning - ,- English, but l don't like G rm language.
7 ls ll British citizen r is she fr m _ _ Canada?
8 'ls th r i m r r ?' 'Yes, - is across the road.'
Rex Cinema

Tick the sentences whi h are rr t and rr t the wrong ones.

1 l was wearing my r d dress only twice last r.
-
2 m cooked l h, put it on the t and went to sleep,

3 l was talking on the h while Julie was being i bed.

4 lwould like the colour r d when lwas young.

5 l can't get used to living in this spooky h US .

6 Jason is used to wearjeans when he was at universi .

D circle the correct words.

'l lt started / was starting raining frogs while l was walking.
2 You r 't used / use to studying in li r .
3 Napoleon died / was dying mysteriously in '182'i.
4 Detectives got used to / r used to solving mysteries these days.
5 l didn't use to 9 / wasn't going fishing last r.
6 Would your cousin visit / visiting u often when u lived in Yorkshire?
7 h wou d
ove / loved swimming i the lake when they were u 9.
8 Did / r you s to live in cottaqe?

30
article, multiple matching
health- & fitness-related words, prepositions, coIlocations & expressions
present perfect simpIe & present perfect continuous, for, since, Ialely,
already, yet & stiII, countable & u u t l nouns, quantifiers
note-taking
talking about stress, comparing photographs, sequencing ideas
article, giving advice
 R d\
How much do you know about long life? Do th quiz
and find out| Your teacher will tel| you the answers.
1 What is th r word for'long life'?
longing
longevity
longitude
2 How l g did the world's oldest person live?
122 years
112 rs
1 17 years

Which countries have the brest diets for long life? tr it! rti ul ch r t r isti
China, USA, G rm 'um ti i eating r
Japan, Gr , ltaly dri ki something
d , r zil, Fr l if t : th l ngth
of time that rs is likely
what do you think contributes to long life? to li
Make list. You h one mi ut ! dementio: 5 ri s illness
of the mi d, esPecially i ld
peopIe
Kead the text quickly. ln whi h places do people f 't ri d of tim wh
eat lot of locally-grown food? food is eaten

Secyetg Lono Ltlet

,,.

iv l g, healthy li|e is
+
accident, lt depends good qenes
d good habits. cre fists Who qr interested in investigoting
what contributes to long life have f usi g groups
li i g i several regions where longevity is the rm,

sa rdinians healthy living. lt forbids 5moking d drinking alcohol, and

ln group of villages on the jsland of Sardinia, 91 of the 17,865 discourageS the consUmption of most meat, rich foods and
people r between 1880 and 1900 lived to their 100th cafleinated drinks as well as most 5pices, lnstead, they enjoy
bi thday - rate m r than twice as high as the g for ltaly. beanS, nuts, Whole Wheat bread, soy milk, tomatoes and th r
fruits as well as five gla5se5 of Water day, All of these l w r the
Why do they live so l 8? Lifestyle iS t of the answer The risk of developing certain di5eases. l addition, every saturday,
people Work hard their farms d place great importance they 8et together d socialise with each other to relieve 5tress,
family, Take 75 r old Sardinian Tonino Tola for m l . It's study has revea]ed that m m r5 of this community l;ve f r to
11 m and Tonino has lr d mi]ked four cows, chopped wood ten yearS l g r than th caljfornians.
and Walked km With hls sheep, Taking break, he sits down
With his family to eat, Nut ition is factor in Sardinian5' longevity okinawans
- their diets rich in fruits and ve8etable5, milk and dairy
Ushi okushima has j'ust started W job. Not long g she
prodUcts, fish and some r d Wine, most of which r produced
began w i g fum . Predictable h i u for g
on thej W farms. h ir genetic history also helps, Many of
w m , perhaps, but Ushi is 10 .
them r related to the first sardinians, who ar ived in the r
11,000 5 g , Genetic traits have m tr g r r the With life expectancy of 78 years for m and 86 years f r
rs and favour longevity. W m , okinawans are m 8 the W rld's lon8est-living people.
They j years free from illness, have low rates of r
Residents of Loma Linda, California d heart disease, and r less likely to develop dementia.
Jetton is 5peeding down the motorway in her purple
rg The]r habit of consuming food gr W the island5 and
r.rg , Who r tl tur d 101, iS late for of 5 r l eating in m d ti -'eat Until Y r stomach
l t commitments she ha5 today. lr d this m i g, iS 80 r t fUll' may also contribute to
she's eaten breakfaSt, Walked 1,6 km, d lifted Weights, their lo gevjty_ FUrthermore, m
l g to mooi support
Like m th r residents of Loma Linda, California, Marge is tW k that provides help, /k/gol
member of religjou5 comm nity that has always sUpported may th factor, The W rd
 Read the article again to find the following information.
rVhich r gr h(s) mention
",
m wh live longer th m ? f1
Ll s -U
: l wh s religion doesn't allow them to eat some things? 2 ! This taSk r quir S you to read
text which i5 divided into
_^ role of g s? J severaI paragraphs, and then
: :pecial drink that fights disease? 4 to match the paragraphs
,., k meetings? 5 l
with 50me answer choices.
Y can Scan the r 9r hs
:- l i the text who oldest?
r the 7 qUickly to find the answers
: = ople who sleep in the daytime? S to the qUestion5. Wh u
have found the information
: l born in specific twen -year period? 9 you are looking for, underline
.. l getting together to h l other? question
or support each 1 1 1 f. itlt and Write the question i
: J who mainly work outdoors? 2 to
um r in the margin next ]
1
the underlined part.
part. i

et the meaning !

i Find words i the article which complete sentences

1-5 correctly.

YoL]r is the { ood you eat and The oldest person in the world was Jeanne
how it affects ur health. (para ) lm t of Fr . She died in 1997 at the
2 Food products made fr m milk are described as age ol'l22. Why do you think she lived so
(para long? Tick the_things you think she did.
)
means to order somebody Sh ate kilo of chocolate week.
not to do something. (para )
! She rode bjke until she was 100.
4 means to spend free time ! r diet was rich in olive oil.
with other l . (para
5
)
! She loved music and r rd d r CD.
_ r plants used to give flavour
! at the age of 85, she took up fencing.
to food r to make medicine. ( r D)

Your teacher will tell you the answers.

?5

-.:-s 'that which makes one's life Worth living'

, - ]
: i5 djfferent f r . ' lklgol is right
" : -: says lJshi 5 she nods towards her friends,
']- die, l Will Wonder Why l m still alive,'

] lka rians
] ::- t s Xerolas parties hard and stays U past 2
.- = -, night.The amazingthin8 isn'tthathedoes
-- : n remote mountain village, but
that he
: : it at 10 years old.
: - :,] Greek isIand of lkaria, m r than third
:':- residents reach age 90, They suffer less
: -. . and h rt disea5e and, moSt surpri5in8ly,
- -: of
- the dementia that afflicts other cultures.
, -; iving lkarian5 observe about 150 days of
lple, ,. U5 fasts year, sleep late d daily,
lcer --: j eat mostly leafy g s, potatoes d beanS.
a,: Ih is iqu factor that is not seen
- lh r r s wh people live for l g time:
:-: key ingredient to livin8 l g r is gr Wi g ri8ht
- :,leir gardens. lt's selection of h r s used
to
- = ! tea and they all have thi g in mm
;-_.i l w r blood pressure, major cause of heart
-
: : 5 d dementia.

_ . ;*4, ,rl
 ,, ,7,i , "_" ltll ' l } ,i ,.t

circle the odd ones out.

1 nurse ward s rg
2 9 meditation cycling
proteins additives minerals

,l
4 trainer optician dietician
5 vaccination operation injection
6 preSc iption weights treadmill
7 d 9 tablet crutch
poison dia9nose examine
8
{ ri
]1
Match each sentence '|-6 with the sentence that logically
follows it a-f.
1 lcut my hand badly while l was r ri g dinner.
2 Susie k her arm while doing gymnastics, t
3 l've , going to an aerobics class for month now. !
4 You should try and eat organic food. I]
5 l've twisted m ankle, but l don't know if it broken,
6 Ben was in t ri l skiing accident.

The doctor thinks the wound is infected.

l will have to have X-ray.
lt doesn't contain preservatives.
d She'll have to have it in plaster for few weeks until itheals,
|t's great, l've lost weight and lfeel mu h fitter!
f lt will take him months to recover.

circle the rr t words.

IMyth or medical advice?

'An l day keeps the d t away'is saying that some l reject as simply old wives'tale. But does it,
and th r sayings like it, actually contain truth?
Old wives' tales, r at least some of them, do indeed have words { wisdom to offer| Take the 'apple day' saying.
Appies are full of(1) additives / vitamins that keep us healtby and in good (2) sh / figure physically. l { we are
healthy, we have need for doctor. th saying is: 'Starve fever, feed cold'. lVlany researchers say that
person with high (3) illness / t m r tur should imit what they eat, and l drink water. the other hand, they
(4) dia9nose / advise patients Who r suffering { r m cold to do the opposite - to eat (5) well-ba anced / nourishing
food. Speaking of colds, another oLd wives'tale (6) s ri s / treats dear old mum's homemade chicken soup as
quick and simple (7) m d / medication f runny noses, sniffles and even (8) sore / tender th oats. r it, doctors
agree it works!

D Which of these ideas for staying healthy and in good shape do you 9r with? Discuss r answers with
partner.
. j i gym or an aerobics class
eat nourishing food that has iots of proteins and minerals
. take vitamins if l have the flu or infection
. drink h r l tea if l have sore throat
. take medication when doctor advises r to
34
 r s t Perfect Simple
& Present Perfect F r, since, lately, already, yet & still
,ontlnuous
Look at the words in bold i the sentences below
We use th Present Perfect Simple for actions and notice how they are used.
and situations that happened at indefinite
time in the past. We use the Present She's seeing dietician for month.
rf t
continuous for actions and situations that been ru i g in marathons since 20 4.
sta ted i the past and are still in r 9r ss or l haven't feeling very energetic lately.
have happened repeatedly up until Jw. Look isn't h . already left for the gym.
at the sentences below and answer the Haven't you finished your work yet?
q uastions that follow. still hasn't bought w trainers.

She has jogging in the park for two hours!

Complete the rules.
5h has jogged round the park twice.
1 Which s t emphasises how long an ti negative 5 t .
at the end of question r
has been i r g ss? f_- i
2 which sentence tells us the number of times
period of time.
with expression that shoWS
something has happened? ! with point of time in the
pa5t,
h students have done project fitness.
at the end of
d The students have doing project on mean'recently'.
sentence to
fitness all week.
after the subject of sentence
whi h sentence tells us that the students' for emphasis.
project is finished? !
before the main verb of
4 ln the other sentence, do we know whether the sentence for emphasis.
students have finished the r ,j t?
Read 3-1-3.2 ot the Grammar Reference pages 163-164
before you do the tasks,

- complete the sentences with the correct form of th present perfect simple
or the present perfect
continuous of the verbs in brackets.
,]
r aunt (use) natural remedies for many years.
? (you / book) appointment with the doctor?
h old m (not catch) cold since h was young.
4 Why (you / sneeze) for the last hour? Do you have
an allergy?
5 h l\4editerranean diet (become) very popular in the
last decade.
The doctors at this hospital (deve ) neW treatments
f r r since 2 04,
Tess ( k) h arm and she needs to qo to hospitall
HoW m times Lell) you not to spend so much lime
your mobile?
-9
!
Complete the sentences with these words.
[ d for tatety Since stitl yet
1 He's walking on crutches _- the accident.
2 Sh training with weights month.
? m __ had his operation.
With 4 lhaven't been cycling as much as usua {
5 Has the doctor examined the patient _?
6 _ h s 't made an -appointment With
the optician.
 __i., lrl

Praaise saying these words aloud.

1 fifth
2 fiftieth
sixth
4 Sixtieth
5 ei9hth
6 ei9htieth
-f?
7 twelfth
8 twentieth

' Now listen to see if you w r correct.

{
t
{ 'Listen and circle the numbers you h r.
1 1/5 1/50 ']/15
2 1 " /. 30% 3%
5,000,000 50,000,000 500,0 0,0 0
4 ,500 35,000 ,O5
5 ]798 ']978 187

D you will h r someone talking about sleep and sleep problems. F r questions 1-7, complete the sentences
1 people driving when they r tired r at least
rtl to m for almost of s ri s
r d accidents.
2 ur i s r designed to get ready for sJeep when they sense
ur modern li { estyles m our s]eep patterns r very different fr m u bodies' natural biological

4 Young children need to sleep for about every night.

g rs naturally tend to Wake Up in the m r i g than adults,
6 Difficulties with sJeeping r r rt d approximately one ot m ri s.
7 h speaker is disappointed that most sleep r s r h is rri d out private companies th r than government
h th

Lloso-Uy
LiSten r full to um r5
h r the recordin9, so that u
Write them doWn r tl ,
 > ak\vla Ll s -U
When speaking, it iS important that your }
Work with partner and answer th s thoughts r well organised.This will help
}
q ueStions. the listener to follow whal you r \aying,
to 5 qu your ideas U5ing key
. How often do you feel stressed at work/ phraSes such as Io begin With ,.,, th r
s h ? thing is that ... d Finally ,,. ,
. Wbat do you do to deal with ur stress?
. Do u think stress affects ur h lth or the
health of members of ur family? How?
D Work with partner and answer the questions about
Listen to Peter describing h t gr h. the photographs. One of you sbould Student
Whi h photo is h describing? What piece and the th r should student . Remember to
f information h l d you to choose? use the Usef l Expressions.

Student : m r photos 1 and 2 d say how you think th

people r feelin9.
t s. student : what advice would you give the people i the { irst
photo?
,{ serious

]rnment

Student : Compare photos and 4 and say h w you think th

Look at this list of adivities which s m l r feeJing.
could do to reduce stress. put them in Student : What advice would U give the person ;n the first
rd r of how helpful they are ('l = most photo?
helpful; 8 = least helpful). Then, discuss
your answers with rt r, giving reasons
'or r choices.
wa king sleeping
Us | l { r ss\ 9
]

yoga/Pilate5 chatting With friendS

da ncing shoppin g Sequencing your ideas
reading f doing team S rt begin With, ...
ti Stl , .,. / Secondly, ...
Well, for thing, ..,
th r thing is that ...
lalso believe that ,..
What is m r , ,..
( : lr?r h Finally, ., ,
LaSt, but not least, .., :

scuss these questions With partner.

you think younger l get more stressed than older people? Wh ? r'/h not?
.'./h th r r stressed people around you, do start to { eel stressed as well? Why?/Why not?
-aughter is gr t way to get rid of stress. Can you think of any other ways?
7
 \ ',l_,li']l,j9,1r )

Prepositions
Complete the sentences with the correct prepositions. Some prepositions used m r than ,
against of to

1 lf you consume too m calories, u are at risk becoming overweight.

2 Penny needs to w rk h r { itness if she wants to ru m r th .
Food that is high in h l st r l can contribute h rt disease.
4 Eve's rs l t i r told h r to focus strength-building exercises f r now.
5 l{ u want to get in shape, why not become member gym?
6 Al] hildr should vaccinated diseases.
7 lf you eat well and ook after yourself, you cou d live to 100 s ld!
8 Y r chances of success in the race depend how hard you train,

Collocations & r ssi s

Match the idioms in bold 1-5 to their meanings - .
1 lfeel as fresh as daisy after my holidayl ! u w ll
2 l'm r ly u d r the weather today. l think l'll 9 bed, back to r g i rg
Let's go f r walk in the fresh air lt'll do you th world of good, [ ] ask f r detailed information
4 Why don't you 9 to spa f r the weekend to recharge r batteries? d lively and energetic
5 l'm meeting afamouschef t m rr w, so l'll pick her brains about vegeta ian food. fl make you feel better

Complete the letters with the idioms from in the correct form.

9 a\ l t t

lB.* F .*rt xsbe a .,** ** *-"

D r g AUnt, } Dear Tina,

lt's natural to feel stressed at exam tirne d thi
l (1) about
make you feel unwell. So, wh you want k
r l m l have? lr ll need some h l ! l'm { m studying, Wh not g and sit i th g rd ?
studying h rd for m exams d last week l
The fresh ir wi!l (3) d
Started to feel (2)
h L to l r your h d. the exams overI
l'm tired l] the time and don't h r9 .
make sure take some time to
I'm s d l'll ill and might miss my exam , (4) Get lots of sleep,
what sh uld l do?
see your friends and relax! Do ll this and you'll
i ,17 { eeling (5) _ in time!
Good luck!

D Do you a9ree with these statements? m r

your answers with partner's.
. lt's better to , rich than it is to healthy.
. lf u eat healthily, you don't need to exercise.
\
. lt'll fantastic if we live to r 200 dav!

5
 t ] &U t l Nouns
t s refer to separate items. h
singular and plural. Uncountable s
refer to abstract ideas or things that cannot
counted. They do not have plural form. Which
of the s below are countable and which are
t l ? Write (countable) or
U (uncountable).
injection biScuit
knowledge ! health ouantifiers
holiday m D Some quantifiers |ike lot of d lots of
biology goal used with both t and t I s,
but others cannot. Look at the words in bold in
r r ti job
these sentences and then sw r the questions.
h r r t m people in the park.
some both 5 t d
h r isnt m h new equipment at the gym,
t depending th ir meaning.
She had | little energy left after the match.
How is the m i g of r m different in
She grows few herbs in h r garden.
these sentences?
1 There isn't room for ll of us in the car. which words r s d with
2 This is the most expensive r m in the hotel.
1 u t nouns? and
rm ti
Tick the s which can both t
2 u u t nouns? and
Ietic
and uncountable.
, r
careful!
1 glass 5 medicine
Much and m usually l used in questions and
2light 6 ri negative sentences.
3 Water 7 darkness
Read .4- .6 of lhe Gr mm r R f r pages 164-165
4 h ir 8 economics before do the tasks.

circle the rr t words.

1 You should drink plenty of waters / water every day.
2 h news is / are very r gi g.
3 you're feeling dizzy, 9
lf ou ide for some / few fresh air
4 We had some m m r experience / experiences during our trip.
5 hildr d old people should stay inside i /- cold weather.
6 Peopleof r is to keep fit.
ll ages should take regular exercises /
7 lthink of chocolate / chocolates is great r s t,
8 Containers made of plastics / plastic sh uld 't used { or food.

Complete the sentences with these words.

r of few littte slice of m much piece of
1 h r r l people in the gym tonight. lt rl empty.
2 You don't need m to stay healthy and fit.
The patient was given injection for the i .
4 sugar won't harm you, but lot cause dental r ms.
5 l'd like cheese in my sandwich.
6 h r aren't - calories in this r l r.
7 We need - soap in the thr m.
8 - grandma gave me very good advice that l have followed all m life.
-
-
- 39
-
 W rrfi 11
Giving advice
When you want to give others advice in ur writing, try to keep "*,
light-hearted and ur gi g tone. This will make the d r feel
that he r she trust u. lf u are too critical, the r d will
r not { ollow your advice.
lntroduce pieces of advice using these structures and
expressions: Don't worry if ..., Make sure you .,.,
( t) + { ull infinitive r u .../ Why d 't u/ t + r ,
infinitive .,. ?, You could always + bare infinitive .., d
, shouidln'r) . r infinitive ,,,
'*
,

lmagine your friend has asked you for some advice. Look at these problems and write piece of advice in
your notebook f r h one. Use the structures and expressions above.
1 l find it r ll hard to get out of bed in the m r i g. 4 N4 head hu ts when l l computer games.
2 l Want to get into Shape, b,Ut l hate Sports. 5 ,'m add,cted to cl ^ ocolate and cr'sps,
3 l always feel hu gr as soon as l get to school. 6 l Wanttotake u hobbythatWill help m getfit.

Read the writing task d write (true) or F (false) for h of the sentences below.
Y u h s this u m t i your s h / student magazine.

'l Your article may appear in the s h l magazine.

Do you have advice for fellow students who 2 You will give g r nealth advice.
want to avoid getting colds and flu this winter?
L]
3 Y u will give tips { r preventing illnesses, ]
Tilen w it u5 an ti l ! 4 The advice will r d l ur 9 , ]
We will publish the best s next month. 5 y u will write u m t_

d the model article and complete it with these words.

don't forget don'tWor y makesure Shou[dn'i iryto Whynot

ffi
*gm r g, gight the m r cold
r you one of those people who come down with colds and flu every autumn?
(1) ; h r r some handy tips to prevent nasty colds,

First of all, h lth diet h ] to r v t u getting sick. However, you

(2) Wait to get cold and then Start to take action,
( ) give yourself head sta t r gul rl eating and
drinking foods and drinks high in important vitamins? Even if you do become ill,
ll-e,oad to recovery will r h easier,
Secondly, sleeping well is very im t t to good health. Lack { sleep lowers
your body's resistance to illnesses and makes it h rd r to fight off colds. So,
(4) you get r u d eight hours sleep night to Stay
form.

LaSt, but not least, you must s r that u are hygienic. Colds easily
caught touching surfaces which have germs them. (5)
wash ur hands in w rm soapy w t r after touchinq door
handles, t l h s, l tt s and doorbeils.
As the old saying goes: prevention is better than cure. So (6) }
these simple tips and stay g rm-fr this winterl

t
 - k again!
] Read the model article 9 i d answer these questions.
' l,Jas the w it r copied w rd for word { r m the task?
2 Why does the writer begin with question?
3 Ls the t ofthe rti l angry, encouraging or critical?
: ls it written in f m l, informal or semi- { ormal way?

i ir l the correct words to complete the plan for the model article.
: : mm sense fights the mm cold
::,agraph'| : lntroducethe theme /firsttip and state whatthe articlewill beabout.
:-. gr h 2: Tip 1: discuss the benefits / drawbacks of healthy diet.
::.agraph : Tip 2: discuss the importance of colds / sleep.
'., gr h 4: Tip 3: discuss why l should wash their hands / touch l things.
= , 9r h 5: Conclude making 9 r l statement and r f rri g back to the tips / adding extra tip.

- Complete the s t s with words from the Useful Expressions.

" .Joggin9 is great Way to up calories.
D i k some herbal tea and you'll soon th road to
sister is to r h .
4 l tr to up my metabolism working out.
You look great. How do you m g to stay i
5 grandma always says is better tban cure.
Ll -U
,

] aire's m With nasty bug.

Build up doing these exercises. You make your article clearer
and more convincin9 statin9
]
the reasonS Why the r d r should
,er to u!
] take ur advice. Try to emphaSi5e
Read thwriting task below and make paragraph l for the positive result oftaking your
] ur article. advice r th than the negative
Remember to use the right expressions for giving advice.
] result of not taking ir
, u h seen tbis u m t tn your schoo/'s student magazine,
.]

.','rite your article. (120-180 words)

Us f l { r ss\ s
lt's never so imPortant
for teenagers to l(eep fit. Health
r to
Do you have any good advice to help your come down with
l ? fellow students get in shape? have therapeutic qualities
l ds, lower resistance to
h write us article! prevention iS better than ur
)u We will publish the best s next month. take vitamins
] n. the r d to recovery
and Fitness
ill, aerobic exerci5e
active
form
I out of shape
" S
, buiId up your strength
Stay burn up calories
control ur Wejght
get/stay in Shape
9 to the 9 m
keep fit
flexibility
}
*.**
i r s
speed up your metabolism
5trength-building eXercises
stretching exercises
I Warm up
W k out

t 41
 Before you watch
Match the words to the meanings.
1 physiological small quantity { something to show what it is like

2 treadmill having to do with the mind and thoughts

sample having to do with how the body works physically
4 release d let out, free
5 psychological slim, but strong and healthy
6 l t] f an exercise machine which you ru

While you watch

watch the DvD and decide if these statements r true or false, write for true and F f r { alse.
1 Kathy Matt and h r research team r provin9 that stress is,iust in ur mind.
2 Stress fr m rush hour traffic shows up as h mi li th d.
Adrenaline helps our body react quickly d with more force.
4 Cortisol gives usthe rg for that quick physical push.
5 F rt t l , the body tell the difference between the two types of stress.
6 ll stress is bad.

After you watch

Complete the s mm ry ofthe DVD below using these words.
effect tifeStyte tongevity minimat negative physical series stress

Without at least ( ) (1) amount of Stress to give uS

energy. we could t get through the day. Howeve1 very stressful
(2, can have negative (3)
ur bodies. Dr Kath Matt and h r colleagues r investigating What StreSS
does to body, and proving that stress is t just psychological but also
physiological.
Wh our body ri s (4) 5tress, it produces
two h rm 5 that gi u5 rg : adrenaline and cortisol. lt also
produces them in cases of psychological (5) Dr Matt
and h r team have put together ( ) (6) of tests to
show th effects of stress the body.

While ru i g t dmill. the woman's body r l s s lot of stress

h rm s, but she's also using up every bit { rg they create.
However, wh she is stressed psychoIogically instead of physically, the
same h rm s r created, but physical rg is used,

much cortisol weakens the bones d makes them more likely to

k. This could create r ms that h impact
(7) rh s taking years off person's life.
h r { r , it is impo tant to exercise regularly. Puttin9 the body through
the stress of exercise i5 one way to get rid of psychological stress and i
that Way preventing its (8) ff ts.

D Discuss these questions with partner.

. What causes you physical stress?
. what causes you psychological stress?
. what do u do to help relieve stress?
42
 Reading: article,multiple-choicequestions
Vocabulary: technology-reIated words, word formation, phrasal verbs
Gr mm r: future simple, shaII, g i t rl t r continuous & future
perfect simple, temporals
Listening: multiple-choicequestions
Speaking: talking abouttechnology, m ri g photographs, r hr 5i g
Writing: email, clauses of reason & contrast

?:
F-.
li.
,

j
*
l
 Sculpture
R d\ q of lcarus

d the following statements t the history of fligbt

and decide wh th r they are true ( ) or false (F),
h fastest jet powered ir ft tr ll d at more th
1 1,000 kilometres per h ur, 9.6 times the speed { sound. !
2 The first r l r sh occurred in 1928. ]
2 L rd Da Vinci desiqned the { irst hot air balloon around
1485. [ ]
4 The average rs would take around 3,500 years to walk
to the sun. []
lcarus: i Gr k mytholo , he
died when h w wi gs made
of feathers d wax that melted
Quickly read the text to find t h w m people wh h flew too closeto the su
Virgin G l ti spaceships will carry.
weightle'sl h i g weight, r
aPpearingto h weight
ri ate nter pr i'e! u si esses
w d people, not the
g m t

Th oughout history, m ki d has fascinated With flying, 5 h into Space t l Would Someday m he too Would
F m the myth of l US, Who flew t close to the S , to the able to j into S , the mid-'l99os, h w ,
invention of the most advanced fight l , m 'S fascination Rutan had lis d that Waiting f the g m t WaSnt
With flgha has d ] Us to t igg and tt flying going to W k. lt WaS th that he nesolved to build his W
machines, spaceship, 'lf m d m WaS going to come U , of floating
'l9 , m 's d We]ghtless in the black S and being th ill d the Sight of
I m of fl i g like i d came t UWith the
th f m oubide tm S h - |'d have to get thing
w ight Fl r, the fi St machine to achieve t ll d flight,
Sta ted myself,' Said R t .
Sixty S ] t i 1969, the Boeing 747 took to the
skieS, f tu d in the W ld'S I g St f t building in Rutan WaS u g d to buiId his W Spaceship the
l Seattle, USA, its Wide-body design Was able to ry m loW development of l design, Five S
SS g S than th i ft, d i g the cost of ft the W ight th S'fi St flight i 'l9 , the
i li t l. l '] 97 , d WaS i t du d, ThiS Was l Was Still jUSt d g S i Sit . I
the fi t d l SS g l to t l f St than dozen So people had t i d flying i , Yet
the Speed of sound, Space t l, too, has had its w 19] 2 h d ds of pilo had flown l s
amazing developments, l " I9 1, the Space Shuttle of diff t designS that W developed
g d the W ld'S attention Wh it m the fi St th gh i t t ]S , The bad designS :t
uS l 5 ft, Sh d; the good S flew. S f t i S
Space t in F , gl d and G m W
has tu d the imagination of
thousands of U gst s,
'l d i g hu d ds, then thousands, of :
S h U g S
Was t Rutan, Ai the 1 957 l U h of S Ur ik 1, l s , Why did this happen?
the fi St m -m d object to it the
[ RULan believes l,he SW lies i
th, Rutan :::

WaS jUSt '] 4 two S ti S: 'That hss to f ' d

S old. believed that g m t
' l do that',

u
"]:

ll

il

:
 Choose the answer ( , ,
ccording to the text.
or d) which fits best Ll -U
- What does the word its refer to in para 2, line 5?
lf rnUltiple choice question asks you to
find What i5 NoT mentioned in the text,
the t/y'rght F/ r yoU muSt look for the information f r
airline travel all the answer options. Wh you fi d
the i g 747 piece of jnformation, underline it and
d the w rld largest factory cro55 out that answer option. continue
until are left With one answer option,
2 Rutan realised he needed to build his w spaceship
Whi(h must the r t SW r.
wh Sputnik 1 was launched.
because the government space programme was
too SloW,
when h was l 14 years old, Get the meaning!
d while h was studying the history { flight.
D Complete the sentences with the noun forms
What were the requirements to Win the Ansari Prize? of these words.
h to design spaceship f r private use
ode to encoutage pr'va e space t.avel deve[op fascinate invent s r r q i
lted to t r space and r t r twice in two weeks h { the computer
sun d to make ten million d ll rs for space travel changed the way we live,
t, r paragraph 5, what does the word commercia/ise Rob's with
m ean? aeroplanes led him to become pilot.
sell something to another business
l the last decade there have several
develop idea advertising
in space techno!ogy.
make something well known in the business world
d turn something into business 4 Detectives need to h good powers of
, would What prediction about the { uture does the writ r
ii , NOT mention? 5 university degree is of the
., s 't J r r iobs.
that we will travel on spaceships
S W that We Will Stop visiting f r ig countries
floating
that we will go space holidays
ht of
:h gS
d that hum s will always interested in { lying
What is this text mainly about? Would you like to go on holiday in s ?
sir Ri h rd s 's business Why?/Why not?
th
famous ir r ft What do you think ab,le to
]^S l would
] the private schemes to build success { u! s ft do there?
t , l d government r s r h into space flight
] Yet
]
ed : - optimism fina ly paid off. l 2 4 his Specially
deSignS . ;-ed spaceship, s 5hi , SUccessfully t d
j t i s
: . : d made lt back to th twice i hlr'o Weeks,
.: , the
ts to Wi the ten-miLlion-
qui m
Cs, of . S i iz designed to
iz , U g the
l ? -- t of i t Space t l, RUtan'S success
Si : -a W ld'S attention, d i S Schemes to
---. i liS i t Space t L g t ,
: such s h , si Richa d s has licensed
. _:.1 l g shi of S tol his m , Vi gi
' .::-:J itWhich hopes to ft di ry people the
- ] to visit Space. S U led the follow-
: : .rt Spaceshlp Wo, in D m 2m9, Vi gi 's
.. : Shi s Will have N pilots d six Ss g S
, ]"-d ss g s, who will $2 , f
-: lvil float Weightless f Six th illi g mi t S they
,]: .Ut at Space th Ugh l g Window, 'of all ihe
.: ,ve've d " S says, 'Vi gi Galactic iS the
: -i,] most excited about, V ry time l look Up in the
. .: ght, l think about how i d l the tu iw
, :: have Waiting f this m m t f
- _: dS of
_ S,'
= - , Deople think that day We Will visiting Space
. ::.ly aS We W visit f ig U t i S, h S
: er we will also have t d space h idays
: = :: weekend ks, th g is f SU : Wh t
.-.. S i the fut , m ]Sgoing to continue trying to
'.:t , hiqh d f th away th f .
 Y V l r
Label the pictures using these words.
headset k d mouse ri t r s r s r Speakers t W r

choose the correct answers.

1 Cloning is process in biology used to l .l. 9 lg1 is touch-screen,
produce better and faster forms of space trave you don't have to r S5 buttons r keys to
create living thing that is exactly like th you shouldn't touch tbe screen when you r using i:
2 lf gadget is portable. device is something that
it is lightweight and easy to rr is necessary to make machines and engines ru
it is cheap and efficient has been invented for ceacain purpose
3 When you demonstrate new product or invention, EIectrical appliances are things like
you sell it to manufacturer robots and spacecraft
show it to possible u r vacuum l rs and dishwashe s

Complete the text using these words.

h im m tS i ti m uf t r r SS Staqe
i rrt r's guide
So, you think you've finaily come up wlth the invention that will h g the w rld! Do you think that all those hours spent
making (1) to ur original design and testing, re-testing and testing yet again are abrout to off? Well,
before you start u ti g ll that m you think you're going to receive for your fab,u ous (2)
you'd better think again. You see, it's sad, but true, fact that the ( ) of getting somethinq new the
market is long . l t rs must travel r gh and r k road to get fr m the rl development (4)
to th ll-im rt t m r i l li of their invention. So, bre { ore 'r left with cellar fu l { worthless gadgets that u
simp cannot get rid of, consider the fo owing r full .
. Make list of possible companies which might want : to (5) (5) your product_
. Send l tt r, r even tt , a(n) (6) describinq your ur product to the companies
cor ur list.
Fi ll , patient, stay lm and r stop inventing. Even Alexander Gr h m Bell had his bad days!

D Do you agree with these quotes? Compare your answers with partner's.
. ' r hi do the work of fifty ordinary m , ut no m hi can do the work { tr rdi r man.'
l
rt Hubbard
. 'Man is still the rnost extraordinary computer { all.'John Kennedy
. 'Computers are useless. They l give you sw s.' Picasso
46
 Complete these sentences using correct future tense.
1 Tomorrow morning l'm
Euture Simple, Shall, going to, Future 2 ShalI l
Continuous & F t r Perfect Simple
l think l

ldentify the structures in bold i the __ in few years.

sentences d th answer the queStions. 4 This time ne t Week l

Stop pulling the computer mouse! You're

going to damage it. _ 5 l feel tired at the moment so l
At
'12 o'clock t m rr w, l'll
taking my
tecbnology exam. Look ut! Y r laptop is too r th edge of the t .
Shall l help you? lt
d Robots will of alI ur lives in the
r futu r . _
The computer m is going to choose the correct answers.
i g out new sof are t week. 1 Most teachers _ whiteboa d t h l g in the
cJassroom fr m now .
f The technicians wil| h installed surveillance sh ll use
m r s next week. _ will have used
are going to use
which sentence
new science museum has just opened in the city
1 makes suggestion or offer? ! centre. ?
2 refers to an action that will completed We are going
or before specific time in the future? ! Shall we go
3 refers to an action that will in progress
Will we h g
at specific time in the future? ! _ the report 5 o'clock. Jane?
4 refers to intentions r plans? ! Will you doing
5 makes prediction for the immediate future Will you have done
Sh ll you do
based rr t evidence? !
6 r f rs to prediction? ! The education minister has confirmed that from next r,
stud _ the;r own compUter at School.
3 careful! will having
: m r future tense cannot will have had
used with
::,lporals such as wh , after, until, th m m t and 5 r going to h
l: as even if the main clause contains
-::ead We Use present or present
f tur tense. _ tourist space travel i the future?
rf t tense. will there
1ead 4.1-4,4 of the Gr mm r R f r sh ll th r
9 5
'65-166 before you do the tasks. will th r h

) circle th correct words.

iobotics * way to 9 !
]nt : ;rary thinkers believe that rottotics (1) sh ll / will soon
rff? Well, -i. -S impo tant aS computers r now. lVlost probably, robrotics
i ,. h become ,/ will , becoming t of the learning environment
n the ::':. l g too.

:: -:ational robotics isn't just revolutionary idea any m r ; it has become

hat you
:: ],This reality is humanoid robot called NAO developed Fr h
: : - . NAO listens, speaks, sees d reacts to touch. NAO is tool for the
:::: ^ ing of science and technology.
J:- ts ( ) will using / will have used NAO as tool to l r about robotics
:- th r Subjects such as mathematics and computer programming instead of
_ -
_. using traditional methods, lt (4) will / will h been w d f l for students
-: : hands-on experiments and experience
how mu h fun robotics .
: - = " ently,
NAO (Academics Edition) is being used in m j r universities and
:::,atories around the world. but it (5) will soon have / is s going to
: ,
= able to the 9 r l i too. Without doubt, NAo
: g i g to make / shall make classes m r fun for both teachers and students!
 L\st \ q
('Lirt"n * this conversation between Jim and Valerie and decide who h question is about.
Write J (Jim) r V (Valerie).
1 Who didn't know that there was r m? t ]
2 Who likes to have long telephone conversations? .
]

3 Who suggeststhatthe other changes his/her telephone habits? f]

4 Who { eels that the other is not being very sympathetic?
5 Who points out that long conversations not m r expensive?

( ' Now listen again and complete the phrases that the speakers use to express these meanings.
1 i g m . m r s
2 functions r tl perfectly
disconnects us us off
4 begins to make noises sta ts
5 talk for Sh t r lengths { time have shorter

You will h r people talking in six Situations. F r questions 1-6,

choose the best answer, , r . l s -U
You h r s m talking about household device. YoU may not hear the exact
Which item is he talking about? Wo dS that you read in the
dishwasher anSwer choices, 5 think
washing m hi carefully about What h
5W r choice meanS.
vacuum i r
You h two teenagers talking in an electrical appliance
shop. What does the girl decide to buy?
laptop
an lVlP3 player
mobile h with radio
Y u h r m talking. What does h say is the best
thing about th product he's b,ought?
lt tr ls lots of things.
|t useful f travellers.
lt's easy to USe.
You h r rt of news r rt. What does the
r 5 t r say is in doubt?
that suppliers will wantto design the seats
that will buy the tickets
that r regulations will allow th new design
You hear woman talking. What do she and her
husband both want to buy?
cooker
h m cinema system
computer
Y u h r girl talking. How does she { eel about h r
(
th r?
She thinks he's going to r successful,
She thinks he's wasting his Lime.
she doesn't r whether he's successful or t.

48

l
 > Peaklvlo)
{ Work with partner and answer these questions.
. What do you think iS the greatest jnvention? Why?
Do you h an email t? What do u use it f r? How often do you use it?
l { you had the rtu it to learn at home using computer instead of going to school, would you? Why?,Ar'r'hy not?
lf you had to choose electronic device to take with you on holiday, whai would it ?

The following electronic devices have become part of m people's daily lives. How often do you
each of them? Which ones could you not live without and wh ?
. aptop . digital m r
. mobile h . video game s l
. player . GPS navigator

- Work with rt r and answer the questions about the photographs.

One of you should Student and th other should be'Studeit .
Remember to use the Usefu/ Expressions. Ll s -V
When you dont know word
r 't remember it, don't
Waste time tryin9 to bring it to
mind.Think of anotherWay to
express the same idea.

exact
Student : m photos
in the
n]nk
1 and 2 and say what the
: each advantages of h situation are.
lS, student : which situation do
you think is best to w k i ?

Student : m r photos and

4 and say what the disadvantages
of each situation are.
student : Do you think it's
good idea to use robots to
manufacture things?

r}_ Us f l t r ss\ s
]iscuss these question With Partner. Paraphrasing
' think technology has simplilied ur lives r
,nade them m r difficult?
Will robots ever replace humans? /Wjll robots ever
Why? do the,job of h m s?
' ] r f r face-to-face communication or h l g has Simplified our lives, /Technology
communication via telephone or email? Why? has made our lives easier.
' Do you think using motrile phones is bad for our you think of benefits / drawbacks of mobile
realth? Why? h s? / Are there advantages / diSadvantages
of mobile phones that yoU think of?
' What are the benefits and dr w k of shopping on
:h lnternet?

49
 ! V l r
.word formation
Complete the table.

, u9lb l ; adlectjv9
' explosion 9xp|osille
|.99l] !9active

i 9 _ 9 | l P9We'.
revolutionise revolutiona y
industrialise indust y

ll excellent
imaginative
lT9s]l"

Complete the sentences with words from .

1 No was hurt during the but building was
dama9ed.
2 Neil rmstr g, th { irst m the moon, is ( )
m young str uts.
lcan't what it must like to walk the m !
4 The initial to the iPad has very positive; they've
sold millions,
5 lv]ark Wants to Work in the computer when h older.
6 Did th lnternet communication?
7 The man gave them ( ) , talk about the Space programme.
t didn't very well wh l told him l'd r k his new
digital camera.
9 isn't r good at aft but he is at science.
10 spacecraft needs r engines in order to to
go to the m .

phrasal verbs
Rewrite the sentences below in your notebook, replacing the words in bold with these phrasal verbs.
back uP btast off m up With hook up tog in Set up

1 l'll get the technician to connect ur m Ut r to the power supply right away, so you use the Net.
2 l'll give you my password, so you gain access to computer and begin your work.
lnventors think of, suggest and make newand helpful gadgets all thetime-they're amazing.
4 The rocket is going to leave the ground and head for space i half an hour.
5 Remember to make of your work your m t r at the end of the day. You don't Want to lose thi g.
6 HowlongWill ittake Pete to getthe experiment r d for later?

D Discuss these questions with partner.

. wh has inspiration to you? why?
. How do think the home computer has revolutionised the way we work today?
. What is more important f r scientist - imagination r intelligence?
. lf u were inventor, what kind of gadget would you invent?

50
 Temporals
Underline the temporals in each sentence and notice the
tenses which foIlow them.
. Will you check that you have switched off the ri t r before
you leave?
. |'ll save the { ile as s as lfinish updating it.
. Please text me th moment you have news.
. Wh l get m w computer, l'll to chat with my friends,
. |'ll wait until the technician fixes the h rdw r .

Complete the r l s.
m r ls are time expressions. Even though We often use them to
:: k t the future, they r t folIowed future tense. We u5
tense. When we want to emphasise that
= :iion finishes before th r starts, We u5 the Present Perfect Simple.
,', h we don't need to emphasise the rd r of events, we use the
tense.
?ead 4.5 of the Gr mm r R f r page 166 before you do tlte tasks.

circle the correct words.

'] l Won't h g my password until / the time l get r mi d r.
2 l'll buy an iPad when / before lsave up enough m .
h doctor will examine the astronaut before / until she gets on board the spaceship,
4 Dr Jones will ll you the moment / until he receives the results.
5 The exhibition will over the time / after David arrives.
6 Until / As 5 as the systems programmer has fixed the r m, we'll get back to work.

I complete the sentences with the correct form of the r s in brackets. use future tense and
r s t tense.
1 The technician the security l rm before we
into our W house. (install, move)
2 __ my favourite TV r gr mm s when l DVD
recorder (record, get)
3We the most up-to-date in { ormation Until We
th l t r t. (not find, use)
4| the file the time you to access it.
(download, need)
5 The students robotics demonstration aS 5 as they
_ from their iu h k. (watch, come b,ack)
Jen nifer the online application f rm after she
the ss r information. (complete, 9ather)

r hi g. Complete the sentences t the future so that they are true t you.
1 l'll buy new mob,ile h when
2 Afte " l have linished my stud'es, myr ts
[V]y classmate and lwill have completed ur science project before
4 |'ll activate the l rm 5 s as
5 |'ll have finished studying English l time
6 'll lend you my spare mobile until

51
 t lrifi 4
clauses of reason & contrast
Wh you write, you will often need to justify r opinion, You can
use clauses of reason to explain tbe r s f r something and clauses
of tr st to express opposite idea or opinion.
clauses of reason r introduced with these words:
. as/since/becauselthe r s wh + ub'ect + r
. because o { /due to + noun/the fact that
. the r 5 for + U
clauses of contrast are introduced with these words:
. lth gh/ though/but/while/whereas/yet + subject + r
. however,/nevertheiess, + subject + verb
. in spite of/despite + u /th fact that/-ing

Tick the correct sentences and correct the Wrong ones in your notebooks.
] The r s for l was impressed was the centre's organisation, f
2 The astronaut gave interesting lecture, us some l couldn't hear him. L
3 h space shuttle launch was postponed due for bad weather. L
4 The technology fair was ll t, w r, the opening hours should have extended. f
5 lwould definitely mm d the product despite of its cost. L
ln myopinion,young people prefer interactive game consoles since they a e more challenging than traditional games.

Read the writing task and the notes you have made d tick the things you must do in the task below.
You h received email fr m the m g r of visitor centre you w t to r t/ . Read the m g r's m il d
the notes you have made. h , write emailto the m g r, usi g all yaur notes.

Dear Visitor,
tr rt ot school r u , we would like your
visited the r Space Exploration Visitor
aS
As vou r tl
f;;ffi;;;;;;;;i*. " *"irro r grateful if you could [ake the
{ eebback on your experience and th!
time to r l ,
informative, ls there
Firstlv, We Would like to knoW if yoU foUnd
the Spacecraft exhibitionS interesting and
*-,|
*" i " l "r made m r appealing to visitors? Move i lerac\ive, 7 7s?
centre WaS, We are very interested in Ur
visitor
Secondly, please tell us What ur favourite part of the
bpinion ,uggestions you mi ht have,----x
* rocket exhibition \ s ",
"ny
Furthermore,Weareconsideringincludinge perttalkSbyformerastronaUtSaSpartofourattractionS'DoyoU
i i t *ould interested in such talks? -_,_|not re ally, because " ,
'.u . " com'"nt',---rnlu,,n,
if you have other suggestions or
PleaSe do not hesitate to let us knoW Fri,n
lar u q 7ea7le
Yours faithfully,

l rk R
Quality control g r

1 express ur l l 3 make some suggestions

2 apologise { r something 4 write an informal email

5?

t
 , Read th model email and circ|e the correct words. Ll s -U
When are WIitin9 formal letter
email to someone Whose name you don't
-::r r Ryan, know,begin Dearsir/Mad m and sign off
: Writing in response to your email asking for feedback on the wilLh Y u laithfu y.|f you know the rs i
] - Space Exploratjon Visitor tr . name, then use it in the greeting (eg DeorM5
: -::ly, r 8 rdi g the spacecraft exhibitions, l found r1" " off withYou:s ii:::rely
them e tremely '1r*.) " " : : |n. " .|
-' m ti (1) as / the reason for l learnt great deal about the
;: r of the spacecraft. (2 } While / w r, the exhibitions Over to you!
,.] ld much m interestin8 if theyWere more interactive. G d the writing task and make
-: - this S , the rocket exhibition made the biggest r gr h plan for your email.
--
r SSi me (3) the reason why / since it is the l thing Remember to justify your opinion using
-:i is interactjve. l W Understand better how spacecraft w rk clauses of reason and contrast.
]) l.re to
-i: r k t,the fact that / because of l ri d 'flight'
Y u h received m il fr m m
that you r tl bought te/escope fr ,
- 'act, lfeel that sUch exhibitions give students
better idea of Read the email d the notes you have
': i space than talkS f rm r astronaUtS WoUld. conseqUently, m d , h writ emai/ to th m ,
-:!bt that the talks suggested WoUld r popU lar With usi g all r notes. (120-180 words)
: - g l (5 } because / yet they usually prefer to take
, :. ve part in Some Way.

,: l, l really enjoyed my visit to the centre. l have

:: mmended it to ll my friendS nd pla to visit again Soon. D r cUstomer,
L a l -iespite / Nevertheless, l believe that reducing the price of

L -,.:et WoUld ensUre that m r young

l could visit. l see from our records that you have

L recently bought one of ur high W r

telescopes. We would like your feedback
f ur product and would very grateful
)ameS. f if you could take the time to r l .
| . wtlalite gad 5 arqt,zi q 1,_
_ k again! Fi stl , we wouId like to know if you use the)

) Read the model email again and write

telescope [ r professional r s s r --/
|il d (tru ) r F (false). for leisure, Secondiy does it meeL your
1 needs? < - 5, 9 ,,.
The writer g ts the reader and signs off r rl . ] l|e (,;cl t|a*
2 h writer has covered all h r notes.
,1 , !,qhtwetqhl. oec |'!se -.,
lt W Ul lS helpful i you could tell us
h writ r justifies her i i s. which feature [ the telescope feel is
4 h writer r s ts feedback in constructive way. most USefUl for Ur needs, in addition to
5 The writer's tone is v r negative_ f-
Sug8esting any improvements We could make
to the model you purchased. \provilz
6 h ideas r 't l rl linked in the email, cu-e
"oyihOJ
Thank you in advance f r helping us to
Write the rr t r gr h m r next to h description. improve oUr product.

Suggest how spacecraft exhibition could improved, ! Yours faithfUlly,

Sum up impression of the visitor tr and comment
Janet Douglas
thing that could improved, ! ProdUct Development g r
comment m g r suggestion for future event. i]
d Discuss favourite part and say why, []
Sla e tl" e , s for writing. f
Us | l { ss\ ;
Look at the Useful Expressions and complete the sentences
Giving opinion5
with appropriate words. Sometimes more than answer l believe/f el -..
is ssi . In my opinion, ...
'1 h CD-ROM is extremely and llearnt
my mind, ...
... made impression on me ...
lot fr m it,
... haS proved to ...
2 ln my science lessons should less
Feedback
theoretical.
interactive
Since the eqUipment iS it is easy to carry. lightweight/po able/practical/conVenient
4 my it would ideal/Suitable/appropriate for enthu5iasts
tt r i{ there was
extremely informative
wider r g of ] urs to choose from.
take active part in

5
 Dl/D

Before you watch

Work with partner and answer these questions.
. How m different ways { g r ti g electricity you think of? what are they?
. which of these r r w rg sources?
. choose r w and - w l energy source and discuss the advantages
and disadvanta9es of each.

While watch
Watch the DVD and circle the words you h r.
1 lt'S difficult to turn that rg / sUn ight into electricity.
2 m j r supporter / advocate f r solar rg can f u d in California.
3 lVany new homes i S r m t are equipped / provided with solar cells.
4 lf they use iess w r than they produce, the utility m sends them brack cheque { r
th dif r / similarity.
5 Unlike pbotosensitive / photovo]taic systems, which capture the rg in sunlight directly,
these mirr rs reflect the sunlight onto tube { i]led with special oil.
6 5 l g as the sun rises, solar power will continue to ff r hope f r d d / r li
- and l r - solution to the world's energy needs.

After you watch

Complete the summary ofthe DVD below using these words.
affordabte huge pottution powerful residents r s ur s Supporter

th's most (1) source of rg is actually out in

space. lt's ur sun. lV l already use some solar energy, but for
solar power to used instead of th r limited and disappearing rg
(2) it has to both ( )
and dependable.

S r m t , the capital of California, is major (4)

of solar rg . lts (5) save or make m
using solar w r through 'net metering'. This (6)
allows l who produce extra power to sell it back to the utility
m at the same price as they would rm ll for it.
I California's l\4ojave Desert there is a(n) (7)
s l r plant that generates s l r energy. Wh the r m r Junction
s l r power facility is working at full capacity, it r t s total of 150
megawatts. This is enough power for about half million houses.
Furthermore, it do ll this whi]e producin9 r little r dioxide
or (8)

D Discuss these questions with partner.

. Do you think lif r i solar energy policies could work in your country? why? / why not?
. what do u think done to h l solve the world's rg r ms?

54

l
 Units 3 & 4

' V l r
Complete the sentences with both words.
'1 Stage proceSS innovation invention
The development of w product i5 l g h of Tv has chanoed
ur way of li { e dramatically.
The first of development is We are living in century of technological
the longest.
additives vaccinations bandages t h s
Children r given Wh he k his leg, th l way f r him to
protect them a9ainst variou diseaSeS. m v around was to use
l r f eating food that doesn't contain h nurse wil] have to change the
your wound every day.
portab[e touch-Screen Shape figure
We have got CD l r Jogging iS good Way to Stay in
which we take outside when the weather is nice.
lf you aren't { amiliar with usin9 m ut s, The model has oreat
lr mm d _ _ , Sh got g legs and slim body.
sore tender ward rs
l h throat and when lvs Jones is th on duty
l swallow food it hurts lot. at the m m t,
The rt of my hand where l cut mysel { is still The hospital must
and painful. kept clean and tidy for patients.

Complete the word groups with these words.

appliance di g s infection m uf t r minerals r m d surg t eadmitt
1 prescription, medication, 5 teSt, examine,
2 protein, vitamins, 6 gym, weights,
device, gadget, 7 optician, dietician,
4 bui d, produce, 8 t m t r , flu,

Circle the correct prpositions.

1 How healthy u are depends at / on how u treat your body.
2 ll young children r vaccinated about / a9ainst some diseases.
r s m , Virgin Galactic, is focusing at / building spaceships for rdi r l .
4 F ir l shouldn't stay out in the SUn for too long because they r / at risk of getting sunburnt.
5 ]nventors h contributed f r / to progress in technology,
6 l can't log at / in because my computer has k down.
7 Weall need to work / f r ur health d try to eat healthy foods.
Susan was feeling u d r / over the w th last Weekend and took it easy.

Complete th sentences with th correct form of the words i bold,

This computer software changed to suit u . REoUlRE
2 There is no in his h lth and he is still in hospital. lMPRovE
That famous d t r book health is truly , |NSP|RE
4 That architect b,ecame { amous because of his desions. |MAG|NE
5 doctor 9 me for antibiotics wh my cold became worse. PRESCR|BE
5 This new r t is development in technology. REVOLUT| ON

55
 Units 3 & 4

( r v W r
Complete the sentences With the Present rf Simple or the Present rf t Continuous using these verbs.
capture develop eat lose r h Simptify Sleep tr t

lot of weight just h l g r lives since th

walking f r bour every day. late 60s.
The f r less th h ur, The couple to lndia five times in
so please quiet, the last two yearS,
3 Jane nourishing food to m his
improve h r health for the pa t r. destination yet?
Space travel people's This computer company
imaginaLion [ . long lime, types of software since 1990.

choose the correct answers.

1 D will his new video game console , the The technician will have fixed h laptop she
d of the week- comes back fr m the uk.
i d as soon as
have r i d until
i i g the time
2 This time next , we will w m powerful careful! Your h fall into the water.
telescopes to l Space. lS going to
building will
building will
h built
Please don't leave you have finished the work.
3 Wh .
buy __w mobile? the time
you are going to unti]
you will 5 5
r u going to l think you wilI this book health d fitness.
4 This m new robot for the h m th enjoy
end of the r. enjoying
will have buit have enjoyed
will build
is g i g to build
10 This time next month you relaxing island
in Gr .
5 l take r computer to repaired? will
Will will
bAm will have
Shall

circle the correct words.

Eat less, live l g r!

Could eating l (1) few / ittle food every day help slow the aging process? We know that food is s5 to keep
ll living things alive. But why is it that (2) some / l]ttle animals like laboratory rats, live twice their rm l life spans
when they r fed f w r calories? Scientists have known { or (3) few / lot of rs, about 70, that animals such as dogs
and mice show increased Jongevity when they eat less food.

Dean m rl began eating 2000 l ri s day at the age of 5. His weight has dropped about 20 kilos and h
calculates that r calorie h avoids is w th aErout 0 seconds of extra life. 'l am willing to give up (4) piece of / few
pizza to live th r three h u s!' he says. l avoid foods that contain (5) Lot of / ots sugar and fat in the hope
of living l g . BUt is it W rth it and more impo tantly iS it true? scientists have not yet found (6) mu h / many
proof, but what they do k w is that the key to eating ight is balance. So, is it worth living little longer, but not
enjoying (7) few / l r of chocolate once in while?

56
 &4
Reading: article, missing sentences
'v l u! : succeSs- d ambition-related Words, prepositions,
collocations & expressions
verbs.
r mm r: modaIs, semi-modaIs, modals perfect
l-iStening: muItiple matching
. the Speaking: talking about ambition and s 5s, decision
making, r 5si g certainty & uncertainty
:'m 5 i Writing: ss presenting rg m t5

his

ieW

:he

,,
rk,

.iand

l..
: keep
: SpanS
:s dogs
ls -- j
ie
** ._a .a
-"s "s
aa -a
-: h + _S
{ i . -"(r

a i.

- "s, "
-a -.a-
,\ \ "(\

,-J' ; { -.-.
+ s " .' 's,,c, +
\d + -j +
+
_- { "s f { . - . zz
,{
{i :i
 What does success m to you? Put the following in
order of how important they are in defining success
(1 = most important; 5 = least important).

]
wealth
hi9h StatuS
rs happiness
good friends
making diflerence
Do class survey to find out what the most popular choice is!

:] Read the article to find out approximately how m ]: r t: medica! ditj which
cataract operations the does every year. causes g du l los' of 5ight
t _,1,1ltc | r | m l ,wh r othe,
people live

L,,
The
de'lti1 s r!: !l : condition r r l m

]
that leads to death
e!i!l\iila'ie: to get rid of s m thi g
iireie55!y: not getting ti d of d i g
5omething
,e5tara.ioF: ri gi g somethiog back to
its lgi l condition

Dr Sanduk Ruit d Dr Geoff i have u su l

rs l goal: to cure as much unnecessary bllndness
in the]r ]ifetime as poss ble, 1 CaLa.i]ctS r
f r the most mm cause of treatable b]indness
in the developing world, and Dr Ru t developed
technique that a]lows safe, loW-coSt cataract
operations, r the years, Dr Ru t and Dr Tabin have
proved that hospital quality standards ied
success { ully -l i aTeas of the developing
wor d, g th , through the work of the , they
have made the impossilrle, possible,

The Wor]d Health Organ sation de { ines rs as

functiona ly bl]nd when that rs t rf rm the
daiiy tasks n life that are ss r to survive,

-
. # ,*
}}

l .7'

,i Sanduk. Ruit and

l _Dr
ur Geott l l awalt
, "t "n " " ,u-o,
,_ "'u'*,
 l s -U Get the meanin9 !

. i Sur that the sentence u h 5 to

D Complete the sentences with the correct words.
] gap fits i logically With the Sentence expedition mi L ssi
::. comes after it 5 Wella5 With the
,: that come5 f it, 1 l 't be]ieve thisl lt must ( )

2 l've r a(n) to the mountains.

!ive sentences have been removed from l have a(n) f r music,
:h text Choose fr m the sentences -F dusty rough daring
:h one which fits h gap ('l -5). h r
s extra sentence which you do not 4 This is the most mission l've ever taken
leed to use. part in,

understood his life's

5 { ul not to fall, h g u d ls h r .
lt was then that h
miSSion, 6 P|ease , r des|,, ll's r

goal, they started the

{ ulfi] thi5
im l cataract Project (
) in 1995,
\eve,L e,oss, D, 'r re[us ^ s , give uo,
h r ti takes only six or seven Who do you think deserves the most respect f r their
minuteS to perform, achievements? Why?
SiL.laTion, l < r "s l ^ ave se,io-s . Dr Geoff i , -Dir t r of the Himalayan Cataract Project
effect th quality of life f r the ]i d . Jennifer Aniston, celebrity
s , th i family and even his r h r . cristiano Ronaldo, football l r
community. Bill Gates, { u d r of I \4ic osoft
h r are also Ti ganga medical teams . r] s Slim Helu, businessman d world's rlchest rs
,.,1,1ottauel Lo ,e,note , " , bomeTirre. . m li h rt, first woman to fly solo across the Atlantic
foot, to treat people,

_,sual . Jeveloping world, family m m r who child smiles at

.dneSS -es blind h g s fr m being S m Who camp in Nepal.
:-rtes io the family ]nto famjly burden:
a SS :_-d who can't w rk in the fields, mother
:l't to walk r rough ground to collect
- r child who l g r attend school,
- h As Dr i says, 'l the Himalayan
; led -- indness s death senience, F r long
] g . eople thought that as you g w old, r
:h -,nS White, eyes turn wh te and you die,'

. ]' Dr Tabin'S greatest pass S, r t i

,-l
aS : -g, led him to h r, After
s profess onal r
rm the lg the summit of l u t Everest of
-, diti S, he came across Dutch team

i/ } #
- :, ng cataract r ti w m who
_- ind { r thr years. As Dr
s, 'lVy rt r Dr Sanduk Ru]t and l have
.ed to w rk to mi l alJ preventable and
. - t' d ss lr m l Hima r g, ir ;, # , ;i ,',, {
':t m , goal m r d r] g than setting out to they work tiK ri g the miracle of sight back to
.. :he fi st ascent of the East F of t Everest" aS m patil ssi fore moving to the next
location.
the has expanded lnto AJrica r tl ,
i -g
*l . : ld from the Himalayan region W r the focus of How m cataract Surger]es does the rf rr every

q . , , rk i the rl years, This is because this r

: ^ of the highest rates of t t blindness ] the
r? Together With their padnerS,
the examinatlon and treatment {
the contributes
r 70,000 patients
to

: base of operations s ihe Tilganga lnstitute U ll , including provlding Surgery to 1,000

, , ^ tha moLogy in Nepal, which treats 2,500 patients patients, 5 And of the most amazing things iS
:- ,leek, 4 The teams often find that there ]s that this life-changing surgery l costs the $20.
Ruit and . -:tr city or drinking Water, but Within few hourS, The result of the HCP's w k is not just the restoration of
i await - - turn dusty School bU]lding into a'hospital m' sight: it's the r st ti of human life,
. -: :he Sight-restoring su g r
camP. is carried out. h r ,

59

l
I
 Y V l r
comPlete the sentences using two of the words in h group.
1 best-selting accomplished devoted 4 loss f rtu profit
Tim is a(n) author who Reports say the family
has written over dozen greatly increased when they sold the property, makinc
novels in the last ten years. of r million pounds
faitures goats accomptishments jewetlery [and possession
[V] said that Steven wouId r achieve his Being millionaire, h owns
but after overcoming ail over the country and his wife wears designer
ma ny he is w clothes and
famous record producer,
det rmined vaLuab[e stubborn
ri medal cup h actor succeeded in becominq f m s because
W ri g his around his h was and he had l r t
neck, the proud team captain r i d the championship lessons at drama school-
off the pitch.

circle the odd ones out.

1 dreams hopes fantasies 4 self-confident arrogant modest
2 k ust r flop r rd- k r 5 flawless pe fect faulty
3 worship idolise 6 infamous celebrated renowned

circle the correct answers.

true success story

r h Winfrey, world-renow ed talk show host, (1) tiring / tireless philanthropist. talented actor
r
-
ll tells the ragS to (2) wealth / riches story of what can - tothissomethinq.
woman's life
achieved when you really set u mind
into (3)d / poverty in Mississippi, l\z]issouri in 1954, r h has often called of the most
(4) influential / leading women the planet. At,andoned h r m th at very u 9 aqe, r h was raised i
ru d w inner-city neighbourhood, Her t 9 years were full of hardship, d it wasn't until Oprah WaS nearly twenty
that h r life g to h g for the better.
working for radio station while she was still student i high school, oprah's natural (5) wsr d r
9ift / r s t as
quickly became apparent and her climb up the (6) ladder / steps of succes. Was speedy . ft
(7) benefiting / boosting the ratings of little known chicago talk show to the top spot,
oprah's ambition and
(8) drive / walk r s lt d i h r setting up her own production m .
The rest, as the saying goes, is history, r h winfrey h s r k d as of the w rld first { ri - m ri
billionaires. Being the rs she is, she doesn't keep ll this m to herself. lnstead, she spends huge amounts each
r helping others.

D Do you agree with these statements?

m r your answers With partner's.
. ll the m i the world can't buy you
happiness.
. lt's harder f r women to climb the
ladder of success than m ,
. Power and possessions make the m .
. Following u dreams is m r
important than making m .

60

t
 ' odals & Semi-modals Read these sentences and match them to
function from .
Complete the table with these modal verbs.
can't could must mustn't needn't ought to
1 You should set goals { r the future. !
2 You borrow my laptop if you like. !
Function , Modal & Semi-modal Verbs You mustn't leave u computer
1making Ability ( r s t, F tur ) , t,l to after work. !
pounds, That u g man may succeed in the
Ability (PaSt) Was/Were l to
business world. f]
i -- " 5 You have to promise me to try ur best.
d lnab,ility (Pa5t) couldn't, wasn't/weren't James could repair computers wh
to
he was just . !
y u needn't look for thaL information

u5
m r . !
J ]earnt Mr Adams must finish the science project
;chool. lVlonday. !
I L"lK.i. rig"ii;;;i J" " ;ib" " " ,., lt can't easy to
if you are poor. !
i g up six children
nece55ily
J
careful!
k tmpossibility Wh we want to use mustfor ig ti in th r
I Possibility could, m , might tenses, we use the tenses of the verb h to.
d Read 5.'1-5.9 oftfie Gr mm r R f r on page
1 66-167 before do tl]e ta5k5.

choose the correct answers.

1 Richard use computer wh he was only six years old!
's life can could might
9.
2 to talk about our ambitions in class t m rr w?
Have we MuSt We Do we have
na 3 very r to climb that mountain in WinLer,
tWenty should must
4 You become success { ul if you don't try h rd.
sreader -
can't mustn't couldn't
5 The r young m v r m m difficulties in his life.
have to had to mustn't
6 John worry about his future. is r talented.
shouldn't can't hasn't
ts each
7 l rr w r laptop { r { ew days?
Needn't MUst
8 That ssi Betty! Sh away at f r .
mustn't can't shouldn't

circle th correct words.

'] We will must / have to h r early t m r w.
2 What may / shouLd l do? l need your advice.
Jane, you needn't / don't have to now.
4 You r ll must / read that book. lt great!
4\ 5 She could / was to win the talent competition last week.
5 must / shouLd very ambitious to Want to become manager.
7 r might / must l r computer skills these days.
8 could / needn't become famous day, Who knows?
 ,4 which of these words do you associate with ambition? put tick r cross in the boxes.
'l persist 6 achieve
2 give up 7 d t mi d
]
8 ieve
4 not 9 inspired
5 iose h l

i You wilI hear some sentences containin9 different { orms of

the words below. Write the words u h r. Ll s -U
1 infiuence ready to h r different form5 of
the Word5 you 5 Written i the
2 be]ieve
statement5, Read the statement5
3 achieve fi 5t and think t which words
4 determined you might h r in different form5,
d what those forms might
5 inspired
.

1 You will h r five people talking about ambitions. F r questions '|-5, choose from the |ist -F
how each rs feels about ambition. use the letters oniy . h r is extra letter
which you do t need to use.
1 Speaker 1 You have very h without being ambitious,
i{e
2 Speaker 2 L
Ambit]ons r something J rich people have,
N4y ambition is th l tbing that inspires me i m daily ife,
4 Speaker 4 D You' l just disappointed because you've failed,
5 S l< r 5 Some amb,itions r pointleSS, but th rs r r use { ul in life.
F lf you r lI want something, you have it,

l
I

l
]

"-; #

62

l
 > ^ k| 0)
Ll s -
l Work with partner and answer these questions. Talk aboUt the advantage5 and
. r you an ambitious person? Why?/Why not? di5advantage5 of h situation before
. What is r greatest ambition f the future?
makinq deci5ion. EXpress the certainty
. ls success impo tant to you?
and/or uncertainty that you feel
. Do think of your friends family m m rs
USing appropriate langua9e.

r particularly successful?

-
] Lirt.n to Peter and Maria discussing friend
cf theirs who wants to become professional D lmagine that your friend wants to
football player. h ir friend wants to know which zoologist ( scientist who studies animals).
of the things shown h r she should do to achieve First, talk together about the different things
h r goal. Write (Peter), (Maria) r (Both) to that he/she should do to succeed in making
show who does these things. his/her dream come true. Then, decide whi h
two things are the most important. Remember
)rm5 of
,]
the
,.. to s the Useful Expressions.
ts 1" ,'nouses appropriate language? !
Words 2 develops ll his/her answers? !
f ms,
makes the most ri t choices for the
t .
situation? ]
4 persuades th th r to agree with him/her? !

-
Listen 9 i and underline the Useful Expressions
that you hear.

Us | l { , r ss\ ;
Expressing certainty
Without doubt,ld 5 that ...
|'m certain/positive that ..,

{ ]i@
There'S no doubt in my mind that...
Expre55in9 uncertainty
lt hard to 5 , but...
|'m not 5 r .
Discuss these questions with r.
l 5Uppose (that) ...
. How impo tant is it to h ambitions?
]t'5 possible that..., but,.. . How are the ambitions of r young l
different from those of older people?
How do you measure how successful s m is?
. Does success always bring happiness?
Prepositions Collocations & Expressions
m l t the text with these words. Some l the fo|lowing exercise, two of the options given are
of them used m r than . used with h verb to make collocation. F r h
5 ai fr m in of on to
question, cross out the option that t used witl-
the r in bold.
, F* ig l ,t !fi gfi 1 9 : into partnership / rise / bankrupt
I l want to ri h and successful, but 2 do: Joss / business / my best
not m of th m m 9 to achieve it, et l 3 make: progress / profit / the message
before their thirtieth irthd | However, l\,4ark 4 take: in mind / chances / my l
Zu k r rg is of these people,

rk Zu k r g is one of the f u d rs of Complete the sentences with collocations from .

F k, the most l r social networking site 'l lf we don't make S r m S , the business will qo
(1) the p]anet. With close to 500 million b,efore long-
users, the site h sta ted while studying (2)
2 Our m is not losing m , but we're not making
Harvard University has made him the 5th richest
man ( ) the world today.
lf you want to successful, you have to take
The idea f r F k was quite simple. from time to time.
colieges and schools in the USA traditionally dad d my u l wanted to w rk together, so th
publish book every year whi h includes pictures Went last r.
of the students, t h rs and th r staff, This book lam not going to do With R g r agai.
is known (4) the'F k'. Zuckerberg d after h tried to cheat me.
his classmates computerised this and the system |'m doing to find job, but so f r
eventually spread (5)
I

othet u versiLies haven't found thi g at all.

and schools. 7 l have been promoted to Head of Department d th 'r
Six months after sta ting F k, Zuckerberg ooking f r suit candidates to take
and his friends e { t university and moved to in the office.
California as they were determined to make 8 hasn't finished the project yet, but he has made
success (6) the site, h i idea trecame
m r and more poPu ar Until it became the hug
h m we know today, D Match the expressions in bold with their meanings ( - ).
So, if you dream (7) being rich d famous, 1 Freddie worked his socks off to get where he is today,
thing you l r (8) rk Zu k r rg 2 Tim set his sights on becoming artist and h
d his creation, F k, is that you're never too achieved that. f-
l don't think Julie's ever goinq to set the world fire
with h r ideas. !
4 Ruth is up and mi g in the computer industry. -
5 is ready to throw in th towel. I l

show signs of being successful

have target U Want to achieve
} work hard
d do Something that creates excitement
to admit defeat r failure

Do you gr with these statements? Compare your

answers with rt r .
successful you
. h to work r socks off.
. shou]d take chances when you .
. must make lots of m .
. must Want to the best.
 Modals perfect
Complete the table using these modals perfect,
could have must have needn't have should h would have
} are
ach F ti Modal Verbs
} d With certainty about the past. past impossibility can't have, couldn't have
Lack of necessity r ig ti i the past
Criticism of past actions shouldn't have
d Ability and willingness about past actions that didn't h could have,
Past possibility may have, might h

Read these sentences and match them to function from .

l.
1 ! needn't have sold my car because | got rise at work.
vill go
2 John must have at home last night. l saw his r outside his house.

akin9
3 Y ld h passed the exam, but you didn't study enough.
4 She was talented d r d she might have become { amous if she hadnt injured i accident.
5 l should have listened to your advice. l regret it w.

iomplete the rule.

they .':dals + + past participle,
rf t r used to talk about the past. h are formed with modal r

; again carefull
', d 't h is used to talk about Something that happened i the past but Wasn't necessary.
,farl ?.ad 5.'l0-5. of the Gr mm r Reference pages 167-168 before you do the tasks.
'6
they're

- Complete the second sentences so that D circle the correct words.

1 h h similar meaning to the first
5entences. Use th words in bold.
Michael Dell
i We didn't come because nobody asked
us to. would How (1) must h have / could he have managed to m
gs ( - ).
the youngest of of the largest m ri companies?
bUt
lday. ! nobody asked us to.
Michael Dell's company - Dell Computer Corporation - w
r s m r than $50 million on daily basis! lt sells computers all
2 l'm certain his determination helped him
over the world, You may have Dell computer at home!
succeed in business. must
rfire How did he do it? lt (2) mustn't have / 't have easy.
Hi5 determination
him succeed in business. especially when he'd been told at school that he wouldn't get
Lt'S ssi she didn't go business anywhere i life! ( ) uld have / 't have
trip discouraged, but he wasn't.
h
She 9one was r 9 student Who was interested in m t rs
business trip. like lots of other teenagers, (4) must have / can't have
lt was waste of time to W rr ab,out r bit different, though, because day he ought
r r. h computer home and started to take it rt. then
You worried r ss m d it just to See if h could. At university h started
about your career, building computers for his fellow students.
G rg was wrong not to follow m r looked back,
dropped out of college and
instructions. should
managed to fUlfil his dream of making and selling computers.
George m
ln 1984, and with l $1,000, he started his own m . His
instructions.
parents (5) needn't have worried / should have worried as he
t's im ssi that this m { elt fear have went to become success { ul businessman.
Thsman_
{ r.

65
 Presenting arguments in formal essays
When u write formai essays of opinion, you should
try to r ss Ur ideas in utr d objective way.
Although you dr w rs l i , try to
avoid exa99erating, over-9eneralising and bein9 too
emotiona as ur arguments wil] less believable, Y u
should also tr to avoid colloquial expressions and phrasal
verbs, as we la5 contractionS.

Tick the Sentences that could included in formal essay.

1 Nowadays, it iS m r important th to succeed at schoo ,

2 l d knows it's tota] crazy to m r your abilities to others',

l don't understand people who can't th r d trying, =.
L

4 lf you want to get on i ife, you've got to do your best. f]

5 After ] , What'S the point in 9ettin9 upset over silly test? ]

6 lt iS important that We Set ourselves realistic targets. -l

7 m mind, the m r ambitious people r , the m r likely they to achieve th ir goals. t]
8 At the end of the day, you are the wh can decide if you r successful r not, l]
Read the newspaper extract and writing task and then answer the questions below.

ls i g rich d famous good measure ofsuccess?

CITY TIMES How e/se success judged? lVrite an essay
Riches to rags to riches discussl 9 ur opinions using specific examp/es.
su is shinirrg again on Brian Sunderland, son of
multi lnillionaire \villian] Sunderland. Brian had an 1 What type of text Will u Write?
extlemely privileged trp inging and rvas educated at 2 What two things will you write about?
an excluSive plivate school. Howevel, two yeals ago, How does the WS extract relate to the
he lost his entire t t r,vl-ren his real estate business writing task?
went banklupt. N r in renrarkable t r ofevents,
4 Wil ur writinq focus ri Sunderland?
he has m one ofthe nost successful young
entrepreneurs ofthe decade. 'I h rdl believe it
myself,' commented Brian his change offortunes.

l become successful easily while

Read the model essay and decide which sentence in others must try h d to achieve th ir 9oals, (1)
each pair best comp|etes each gap. Write or .
One of the first things that comes to mind in
'l But, ask yourself, is that ll what success i5 about? sw r to this question is fame and fortune, (2)
h question is, though, how we measure However, if h s inherited th ir wealth,
rs
success?
th this is not necessarily sign of th ir own
2 Our society admires those who r wealthy. success. we r successful wh we achieve the
Let's face it, we all admire stars with loads of m . goals that we have set f r ourselves through our
3 Schoolwork's another classic examp - w h d work.
Another way that people m sur success is s h l ( ) F r instance, Sco[eS tests are often usec
grades,
to judge s 's r 9r ss. l spite of this, some
4 l my opinion, we oniy success { ui trying who s r well may actually have l r t
hard to achieve our goals. less than people with lower score who do not
The way see it, if you haven't tried, u'r not rf rm wel under m conditions.
successfu].
l conclusion, it i5 difficu]t to set measures for
5uccess that l to r . (4)

66

l
 - k again!
Read th model essay again and tick the things the writer has done.
1 focused rich people t]
2 answered both questions in the task
3 provided counterarguments in r 9r hs 2 and
4 failed to r h conclusion
j Write the correct paragraph m r from th model essay next to these descriptions.
sw r the first question and discuss the issue.
,._]
Sum up and state ur opinion.
lntroduce the topic to discussed making r f r to the task, t_]
Answer the second question suggesting another measure.

look at the Useful Expressions and find hr s s that m the same as these phrases.
Sometimes m r th one answer is ssi .
' r ll want success
2 successful

4
succeed despite difficulties
as good as expected
Ll s -U?
rs
When Writing formal essay, don't
5 develop
express your opinion in the introduction.
6 aim to do something Your opinion 5hould always come in the
7 not give Up conclusion, after you have presented r
argUment5.ThiS help5 to shoW the r d r
l to the best how you have reached the conclusion
and Why you have thi5 opinion.
er to . ,.., .,.-, '
, !
cess?
Read the newspaper extract and writing task below and make paragraph plan for your
ss . Remember to r s t your argument in neutral d objective way.

How important is it for young people to h m iti s?

CITYTIMES lrly'rite essay discussing your opini'ons using specific
examples. (1 20-1 80 words)
Teens in control
recent survey h s been pu ished that shows
that t d teenagers r forming the 'ambitious
generation'. ofthese teenagels exPect to
attend university. However, they might missing
t on what rm l teenagers should doing.

rh ile
ls. (1)

d in
-
, (2) U |ul { y r ss\ s
vealth,

eve the
ugh our
r h tar9et
make progress
lften used set goal/target
live up to expectation5
thiS,5ome
ambitiou5
I l r t determined to
do not motivated
per5iStent in
overcome difficulties
s { or

67
 Before you watch
circle the correct words.
1 Arnesen and Bancroft completed their crossing / passage of Antarctica skis in 2 01.
2 The two explorers trained hard f r / ri r to the beginning oftheir adventure.
3 Their training schedule was extremely severe / demanding.
4 The lnternet d / was atrle the two women to share their adventures with the world.
5 hr ugh tough challenges you l r to u d rg / r m r l ms and find su rt.

While you watch

watch the DvD and decide if these statements are true or false. write for tr and F for false.
1 teams of explorers have completed th Antarctica crossing before.
2 Liv and talk about their experiences in th ir book,
The two w m trained hard f r leaving for Antarctica.
4 The winds w r very predictabIe, r hi g 116 kilometres an h ur.
5 Liv and were to keep in touch with people during their adventure. t,-
6 The women's next goal iS to cross the Arctic. l
After you watch
Complete the summary of the DVD below using these words.
achieved adventure continent 9oat history journaI managed misfortuneS d unpredictabte
Liv Arnesen and Bancroft had the
same (1) They dreamed
of becoming the first w m in history to
ski across the icy (2) of
Antarctica_ After lot of preparation and
hard work, ihey (3) their
goal February 1 1, 200'l. They wrote
book about their journey across the unknown
land so as to sh r their adventure with the
world.
Prior to the trip, the two trained hard, skiing
down rocky roads and pulling car tyres behind
them, h ir tr i i g (4) _
them to successfully make progress over the
dangerous land thr 9h (5)
weather and very strong winds. h did, however, meet with some (6) along the way as well.
F rt t l , they (7) _ to r m the hardships.
During th ir adventure, through th i l t t (8) they communicated with many l from
] 50 countries. Not l did they share th i (9) but they w r also to relate to other
people's ri S. l this Way, the two W m still felt connected with l around th planet. Liv and
now have new goal; to the first women in (10) to cross the Arctic ocean.

D Discuss these questions With rt r.

. How do you think Liv and felt during the expedition?
What adventure would you like to go on? Why?
. Have you s t goals for your future? What r they?

68

i
 :

)m

"l
R d\ q
Look at the hieroglyphs below and translate this message into English.

bj*tr q \-- = .
eb*ii
The message:

l
Qfi
l
]i(

* ql { b_fi
1'
\J,
\o ffi \ \\
tr ]
"**
N
. -D-
- W

*Ft
tr tr
\--q iq & IQ \_ = -
Do you gr with the message?

what are some theories for how Tutankhamun died?

Quickly s the text, th compare your list with partner.

King Tutonkhomun wos just the s in Tut's chest we e

j t when h died i l 22 mlssing, ond thot he hod
. wos the Jost king of seTiouS f], tu obove his ]eft
poweTfuJ 1omily thot hod r ] d knee. As TUt WoS tToined fighte.
Egypt foT centurles. When h ond hunte1 the reseoTcheTs
dl-ed, Tut (os Tutonkhomun js s w these thjngs os evjdence of
often known todoy) wos ploced w r i ju i s thot he hod hufi
in JuxuTious, goJd-Ij]]ed tomb. hjmse]f in h ti g occjdent.
There he 1 forgotten unti] the Some thought thot the Jeg injuTy
tomb's eventuo] discovery m h Jed to infection which
oTchoeo]ogjst Howo d t kj]]ed him. h Teseo chels
l l922. AJthough mu h wos o]so discoveTed s m thi g ve y
]eo nt obout his ]ife, two thjnqs i telestjng: the e WeTe pieces of
m j d myste y: the Teoson insjde the sku]], cousinq
foT bis eoTJy deoth, ond the m to ]i thot Tut hod
jd ntity of hjs fomj]y m m s. hjt the heod with such
Becent]y, howeveT, jmp oved f I thot it h d ki]]ed hjm.
-r technoJogy ond DNA
onoJysis hove given new c]ues J 2005, fioweveT, scientists
i t Tut's ]jfe ond deoth. dispToved the muTdeT theory:
d the directjon of zohi
ln I968, Tut's m mm wos Howoss, heod 1 g l t's
X-Toyed in th h thqt Some Su l m CounciJ ol Antjquities,
Jight couJd shed on th s wos i d out. Tbjs
mystery of how h died. lt sbowed thot the domoge to Tut'S
wos discove ed thot some oJ sku]] occuTTed wh he wos l g
mode jnto m mm . H woss'
teom o]so djscove ed tbot Tut
wos obout 1.7 met es tol] wjth
fracture: r k s]im buj]d. HjS teeth weTe in good
condltlon, ond h oppeoTed to
Su r m Council of tiquit:! si
we]] fed ond free of djseose. But
rg i' ti which is r 5 5i l for i { h wos heoJthy young m ,
the r t ti of E pt'5 tr sur s then h w did he die?
5 m sPecialwoy of taking
Looking foT sw rs, Hqwoss
Pictures of the i 'id of the body Te-exomjned th mumr jn
m l ri : s ri us disease caused 20l0. w scon Teveo]ed
the bite of mo'quito thot Tut hod with
ultimately: fr ll , i the end s Ij us Joot condition thot mode
 Choose the answer ( , , or d) which fits best oso-uP
according to the text. Remember that When u are aSked question
1 Which statement about Tut is NoT true? about What Word refers to, the answer usually
lived till the age of i t . comes before the word in the text. Look back
in the te t and find Which Word(s) you think it
His tomb was discovered in 1922.
refers to, then try readin9 the 5enten(e U5in9
New evidence about him h s recently m to li9ht.
the Word(5)to 5 if it makes sen5e.
d His family ruled for centuries after his death.
2 l 'l968, it WaS discovered that
How m times has s carried
some s in Tut's chesl were missing, out on TUI'S mummy?
Tut wasn't murdered.
Tut fought in m W rS.
tWice
d some bones in ut chest were fractured. three time5
What was NOT first discovered i 2005? d f ur times
the damage to Tut'S SkUll
Tut's height
5 What relation WaS queen Tiye to Tut?
his daughter
the condition of his teeth his wife
d that he appeared to disease- { ree
his grandmother
d his great grandmother

what does the w rd whi h in the last

r gr h, line 7 r f to?
Tut's family
Tut's health prot,lems
t marriage
d our knowledge of Tut

Get the meaning!

Find the words in the text and use them to
weTe complete the definitions.
jo
is ]eft build depiction direction identity infection
ed fighteT
l S 1 ( ) is picture { something.
] of 2 lf someone is under your
f,d huTt
:- ,jnob]e to wo]k w]thout Akhenhoten wo his fothe , you tell bim r her what to do.
ident.
)g jniu y
:-. FuTtheTmoTe, they found whiJe mummy k w onJy 3 A(n) is illness caused
which - ,-: evidence thot h hod os h YoungeT F m l fTom bacteria or virus and which affects rt of
rS
--:ing f om the most seve e tomb V 5 wos hjs motheT.
th body.
,:_-
f mo]oTio. Cou]d Tut, They oJso discove ed thot
ing ve y
lieces oJ
::i d yeoTs of diseose, one of the mummies in t m 4 Your is who or what you r .

rusjng
_ :linoJJy died foJJowing KV2l wos l hls wlfe
Ankhesenomun, whi]e the two
5 Your is the shape d size of
hod
:::: coused the leg your body.
' _*- discoveTed in 2005? bobieS found in Tut's tomb weTe
$ such pTobobJy cbildren of th irs.
jm.
'- -_- r o oJysis led to th F rth m , they WeTe ]
: ].:bi]jty. Scjentists knew of
to identify his gTondpoTents,
sts - , ]: t] pTob]ems thot Tut Amenhotep lll ond the beoutjfu]
ry:
,hi
,-:- d h m: the foot condition queen Tiye, d even his g eot-
- : r th possib]e r J m grondporents, Yuyo d Tuyo. Who did these things? Match the achievements
S
-- :re Toof { his moutb. This to the m s.
]qlritjes,
: ,] ihe theoTy thot Tut m r Todcy we know much m
)ut. This ,
:
-= born with otheT moTe obout th boy-kjng thon eve 1 discovered the wreck ofthe Titanic.
to Tut'S
wos being
:.-:,:s genetic pTobJems thot
:, :. : ::moteJy hove contTibuted
befole. We know who his fomily
weTe, d thqt he suffeTed fTom
2 deciphered Egyptian hieroglyphics. !
,woss'
. = ceoth, heoJth ms thot wou]d hqve 3 excavated Troy.
ot Tut
d]With - :jljtion to Tut'S couse
polnfuJ ond uncomfoTtob]e, 4 discovered the planet Uranus.
m r of whi h must hove
jn good :: rh, Howoss wos o]so kj]]ed him. But we o]so k w
:Ted to :-.Sied jn discoveTjng the f r depictions of the Toyol i ri h schliemann
s . But ::-,::,, of his fomlly m m s. coupJe found in his tomb thot hjs william Herschel
1g m I ---:..l)ousJy, DNA onolysls Robert Ballard
]jJe wos not ]] suffeTinq: they
. :-:] mummjes ] d the shown h ppiry jn ]ove. With
'-:-jsis d Jean-Francois Champollion
to fj]l in m m S the jnvestigotions jnto the ]ives
owoS .. Jomj]y t ee, bTinging
1 j of Tut ond his fofii]y, os Howoss
.-:t infoTmotion 1ost f scys, the TeseoTche s 'seek to Y r teacher will tell you the answers.
-.veoled : _. ds of yeoTs. They h them ond keep theiT
with , l thot mummy cq]]ed Which { these achievements do you think is the
l rt m d m m rj s o]ive',
most amazing? Discuss with your partner.
71
 Replace the words in bold with these words.
battLe fr r ten rS the past
] lt took m r th decade for the g
r m t to pass tbe law on h m rights.
2 The old document was t and stained, but luckily you could still r d it.
After many months of { ighting, the soJdiers managed to liberate the village,
4 histol-y t h r says that r u d ten thousand l died during the fight D-Day during w ld w r ll.
5 h city was wel] known in ancient times for its m temples and monuments.

circle the correct sw rs.

1 The Russian deplction / revolution i '19'17 left hundreds{ l dead, injured r homeless.
2 h concept /ot to blow u the Houses of par]iament failed and Guy Fawkes was hanged f r his crimes.
Students { history must objective / subjective when doing r s r h and Writing rS.
4 sherlock Holmes is t histor]ca / historic detective, h is fictional h r t r.
5 wants to write ( ) ut l i g h / i gr h of Nelson d l .
6 ls this real authentic / a tificial sculpture of lVichelangelo's?

Complete the text with these words.

a9eS back9round daWn enlightened rt hiSto ians ittustrationS

th r tai < e historyr

So, who says l (1) d archaeologists
w it books ut times g ? Unlike Anthony ,
England's greatest (2) on the paSt, Jon
Stewart, the m ri uth of Earth (th book), is thi g
but an academic. I wouJd think that Stewart's
( ) 5 top comedian and illiant
talk show host wou d of no use wh w iting b,ook about
history, But h has managed to do it, d in such way that
almost r who reads it will bit more
(4) about th subject.
Using humour as educationa tool, Stewart takes his readers
back to the (5) of time, gives his opinion
on how the rth WaS created, and then proceeds to take
r d rs through the (6) to finally
end up back in the present.
At times sarcastic and ironic, and as some critics claim, at times
(7) , Stewart's w rk is both t rt i i g
and in { ormative, Full of colourful (8)
maps and diagrams, the book is must-r d f r with
sense of hum ur and thirst f r knowledge.

D Do you agree with these statements? Compare your answers with partner's,
. studying historical events, we l r from the mistakes made in the past,
'. Almost v r 5ubject and field of study, like rts, food, itics and religion, i5 inked to various 9 5 of history.
Some countries describe th i history in Subjective Way,

72
 Past Perfect Simple & Past Perfect ti s
Past perfect ten es are used for actions that happened before another action i the past or before
rt i time i the past. Look at the sentences d underline the past perfect tenses. Then answer the
questions beloW.
We had already discussed the Seven Wonders of the World before we w r asked to write about them.
Howard rt r had been searching for the tomb { Tutankhamun for years when he found ir i 1922.
1 Which sentence shows us that action which g f r another action in the past continued r h d
repeatedly up to that time? !
2 Which past perfect tense is used to show this?

m l t the rules.
s the Past Perfect to show that action happened { r another action in the past.
" . use the PaSt Perfect to show that action was in progress in the past before th r
",
::-iion happened or interrupted it.
1ead 6.1-6.2 of the Grammar R f r 9 168 before you do tbe ta ks.

] complete the sentences with the past perfect simple or the past perfect continuous of the verbs in brackets.
1 After the historian ( ish) his third book on i t antiquities, h won
writing award.
2 h scientist (not identify) the cause of death of the man before the DNA
results m in.
The archaeologists ( r r ) for the excavation for months before they
w r ready to blegin.
4 (they / discover) the lceman 'l995?
5 l\4y uncle (work) at museum for twenty years when he r ti d in 2005.
6 They (,iust 5t t) looking at th evidence when the case was cancelled,
7 (you / analyse) the documents f r long when you realised they weren't
authentic?
3 mum (study) ancient Greek, so she was to read the inscriptions
the statues wh she saw them.

1 complete the text With the Past Perfect Simple or the Past Perfect continuous of these verbs.
bury rry out excavate see Spend
h entrance to ancient
Greek d i royal tomb
Manolis Andronikos
'.1anolis dr ik s, the well-known archaeologist, was r in 19'] 9 in Bursa,
-_rrk , and later he d his family moved to Thessaloniki, Gr . Before h
m interested in r h l g , he (1) time
s:.ldying philosophy.

-'ldronikos (2) archaeological research in various

tS of Gr l g time be { ore he started bis m i research i Vergina.
{ or
r,asn't the first to Show interest in the area as a chaeologists
) there since the 19th century.
^ 1977, Andronikos made of the most im t t archaeological discoveries of
:^ 20th century. discovered burial site wh r ancient Macedonians
4) King Philip ll, the father of l d r the
. t. The tomb hadn't opened before and contained m valuat,le items
:.l h as the Golden L r .
S .l th it h s been questioned whether in fact it was Kin9 Philip ll's tomb r t.
r .
',evertheless, Andronikos l d the w ld to see some spectacular antiquities of
= .cient Gr that d (5) { re.

-
 ('Listen to these numbers d write them
down using numerals. lnclude letters
where necessary (eg 4.10 am).
1

4
5
6
7
8

When doing tasks like the one i in the next

column, you can sometimes predict the focus of
question examining the answers given. Look
at the sets { answers 1-5 below and match them
to the questions - .
1 scientist
visitor i You will hear radio r s t r interviewing
rt r someone at tourist attraction. you will h r th
2 in 200
interview in three parts. After h part u will
in 48 AD
h r some questions about that part. Choose the
1 1428 correct answers, , or .

3 in Britain Part
1
l

i Rome visitor
in Egypt th museum m 9 r
an archaeologist
4 to scare them
to steal m from them 2 4 D
to help them to leave 200 AD
410 AD
5 smoke from volcano
rocks and stones f r r
boiling h t liquid f r one m th
f week
Why ,,.?
What ,..? Part ll
Where ,..?
4 ltaly
Britain
d Wh ...? t] Romania
Wh ..,?
5 They were taken surprise.
They were to escape.
They didn't think there was danger.
6
Ll s -U f r l t 79
f about 1,599
rs
rs
h question5 for each section ofthe f l ut 1,500 rs
recording are separated lines, so
l look at tho5e qUestion5 5 U
Part lll
listen to each section.
7 the reai objects from Pompeii t
the photographs of the site
the models and street scene5
8 to go to the theatre
to have holidays
to go shopping
74

t
 , kl l
: Work with partner and answer these questions.
Do you study history at school?
What historical events r periods have you l r t about?
Do you r f history to subjects like maths and English?
Why?/Why not?
What do U think i5 the most important event in the
history of Ur country?

Look at these ways of learning about history. Put them

i order of how effective they r (1 = most effective;
7 = least effective). h , discuss your answers with
partne1 giving reasons for your choices.
1 watching V t]
2 lnternet _
surfing th
going to li ri s Ll s -U
4 going to the theatre :] Don't afraid to expreSs your opinion.
5 visiting m um tS You don't have to aqree With ur
5 visiting mus ums partner on everything and disa9reeing
With h other respectful!y make
l 7 talking to older people ] Ur discussion more interesting.
lb # ^ ,
magine that school committee Wants to get students more interested i history. First, talk together
fr'l g r history in m r interesting way. h , decide which
- t the different ways that students could l
ear the :wo options the committ e should choose. Remember to use the Useful Expressions.
will
Iose the

|ul { , r ss\ s
Expressing an opinion
We!l, in my opinion ...
lt seems to me that ...
r5 ll speaking, l think/prefer ...
l feel Strongly that ...
5 l See it, ...
;:uss these questions with rt r. l certainly don't think that ...
,',ly do people like history?
,',,lat pe iods of history would you like to go back d iive in?
- you think schools should teach history? Why?/Why not?
- you m films that have set i the past? Do you like this kind ot film?
 ,] l_,. l,,,',. ,

phrasal verbs word formation

t h th phrasal verbs to their meanings. D Complete th t .
1 setoff t] Verb N Ad.jective
2 setup ]
theorise
3 take over ]
theoretica]

4 dig up l] analysis analytical

5 putott L] repetition repetitive
6 clie out prove proven
conclude conclusive
m extinct r disappear
satisfy satisfaction
r m something fr m the ground that was
buried
prepare equipment f us Complete the sentences with words fr m D.
d 9i to have tr l of r responsibility f r 1 lVr Richards has ( ) about how th
Somethinq Pyramids were built.
start journey 2 h r is that king was buried in
f discouraqe this tomb. we have to do m r work at the excavation sitc
r s r h r must have good ski]ls,
Complete the sentences With the phrasal 4 l think we shou d the tests on the
verbs fr m . mummy because mistake was made during the first ones
5 m scientists Say that the human r will The r s r h rs took f r weeks to r h ( )
if comet hits the
rth. lt's always difficult to something
Sonrebody else w'll have to unless u nave plenty 'evidence,
the museum after tbe l had iot { questions but the scientist's sw rs weren'i
m 9 r quits.
3 h technicians the l has ( ) knowledge of
m Ut r5 at the excavation 5ite. r h l g . He's r actually to an
we on ur tour r h l gi site.
r u d the Acropolis rl Saturday
m r i g. Do you agree with these statements? m r your
h m difficultie5 the archaeologist faced answers with partner's.
him the project. . Historians often theorise about hist r , but they r r
Did they this ancient have proof.
Gr k pot in your grandad's field? Learning dates and names of l wh studying
history, results i putting students off this subject,
choose the correct sw rs. lt'S sometimes to hold onto i t things that u
find and not tell anybody about them.
1 lf you hold onto something,
you keep somethinq inlosition
you keep something
2 l{ an archaeological find dates back to
rti ul time,
it was bought then
it has existed since then

3 When s m passes down story r

tradition, they
teach it to older g r ti
teach it to u g r g r ti
4 lf yol put forward an idea, you
suggest it so people discuss it
think about it yourself
76
 sti Tags
Read the sentences d underline all the verbs.
What do you notice?
You have visited the Louvre Museum, haven't you?
Mum didn't j working on th excavation site, did She?
ii
m l t the rules.
Lical
l-estions tags r short questions that we add at the
of sentence. We use ( )
question ta9 With affirmative
::1tence and a(n) question tag
, :h negative Sentence.

r
Match the sentences with the kind of pronoun they contain.
That history book is mi . 1 lndefinite r
Everybody wanted to go the guided tour of Pompeii. 2 Possessive pronoun
w the taught himself to read hieroglyphics. 3 Reflexive r

lried i omplete the rules.

tion site. , use r s to show who or what something belongs to. We use
_ skills, pronouns when the subject and the object of the r r the same. We use
pronouns to r f r to people r things Without Saying exactly who or what they are.
the
rst 5.
care { ul!
- r are some s that r often used with reflexive pronoun. Some of these r : amuse, l m , cut, j , express,
- , hurt, introduce, prepare,
=
ing
ead 6. -6,6 of the Gr mm r R l r 9 5 168-169 belore you do tf,e tasks,
Weren't
] complete the sentences with question tag.
lf
1 Dad finds watching history documentaries interesting,
2 This investigation Was success, ?
The guided tour won't held t m w,
your 4 You'Ve viSited Stonehenge,
|'m in tr .
r l 6 Susan and J h were 9oin9 to visit the ArchaeoIo9ical Museum,
7 h rescuers haven't managed to find the skier,
r9 8 Everybody enjoyed visiting the catacombs.
9 Let'S continue investigating the Site i the ft r ,
lt you
,0 Don't forget about the history test,

circle the correct words.

] The detective r d the s t itself / himself.
2 / nothing tell me wh Alexander the Great was r ?
3 Michael loves reading mysteries. This book must his / mi .
4 l'm sorry. h r was anything / nothing l could do,
5 The cat couldn't have d so much damage yourself / itself,
6 I \4y gr d ts don't w any StatUeS, ThiS can't hiS / theirs.
7 We managed to read the inscriptions ourselves / themselves.
8 lt beautiful day. l'd love to go wh r / s m wh r .
9 / Nobody do that kind of workl lt's easy!
10 Are you sure u don't want nothing / anything from the museum book sh ?
77
 W rifi 11
Using qualifiers
You make ur writing m r appealing to the reader using
qualifiers. These r words and phrases that make adjecives and
adverbs str g r r weaker,
Most adjectives r gr d . This m s that they have
comparative and superlative forms. We use qualifiers to show
how str g r weak the ad,jective is. F r m l , baextremely
gry, r th r/ r ti r d, slightly/completely disappointed.
Some adjectives are -gr d , r extreme. h do not
h comparative r superlative forms. We usually use extreme
qualifiers with them. F r example, absolutely auiul, totally
impossibie, utterly r i di cu l ous,
h r r some qualifiers that used with both gradable and
-gr d l adjectives. F r m l . pretty wea exhausted,
r al ly goo d/ f re ezi g, quit i m rt nt/exceptional.

choose the correct sw rs. Read this extract from letter

recently roceived from your aunt.
1 Tnis book is mysterious,
Underline the key words and phrases in
utterly tir l rather
the task. What m st you write about?
2 lt's absolutely that the detective Was sacked. What do you think the tone of the letter
rful bad disappointing sh ld ?
r history test Was impossible.
very totally bit Y ^ ,,. mum tells me you're
in third r
no*, Has anythin9 excltlng
These obl'ects r old. "i].hool ..'i" " l { so, wriie and Lell me
utterly really totally i"r " j
about it.
These antiques are exceptional.
quite - bit slightly
wrtt lelter to your u t answering h r
question, (1 20-'1 80 words)

Read the model letter and circle the correct words.

Dear u t Rachel,
How are u? l ve got s m (1) lttter],v / reallr amazing news foT yotr. Today has been (2) completely / p etty exciting
day, We opened time capsule at schooll
When oul histoIy teacheT asked us to dig up the yaTd, we were all (3) stightly / absoltrte11, confused. But soon the capsule
was uncovered. It h d buried hu dr d years f school stlrdents. It was dirty the outside ft r al1 those
yeals in the ground, but the contents WeIe (4) quite / littlc fascinating.
l was of the (5) absolLrtely / really lucky ones wbo d the capsule. lt contained (6) rathel / coll1pleteiy strange
school uniform, which the students would wear every day. h r w r some old books and tiny k rds whi h th
stuaents wrote because they didnt have notebooks then. What made the biggest impIession m , though, was
long Stick. oul teacher told us it was used to punish naughty student , h t mu t h (7) r / ;rbsolutcly awful
r the poor tudents!

} .w , it was intelesting to see what life was like in the past. our class should m k capsule like that.

f r w,

78
 -ook again !

) Read th model letter again and answer the questions.

1 5 the writer d and closed the letter r rl ?
2 How else could sh have opened and closed it?
What exciting event does she desc ibe?
4 What impressed the writer the most?
5 How has the writer tried to make h r writing more interesting?

i complete the l for the model letter with these phrases.

contents of the psute somethin g for the futu the background to Why you r Writing

Paragraph 1 Ask about the reader and say

r gr h 2 Describe the exciting event.
Paragraph 3 Describe the
r gr h 4 lVIake 9 r l comment the capsu|e and suggest

: Look at the Useful Expressions and match the beginnings and endings.
1 What really interested l opened the t sur chest.
2 h highlight so f r visiting the R u d was.

J
Let m tell you about ] totally increditrle.
4 l uld 't brelieve my eyes when l d me was the documentary about Joan of r .
tses in 5 You imagine bow thrilling [ ] the time capsule we're r ri g at school.
out? 6 lfound thetwo sisters'story L] f h s interviewing survivors ofthe w r.
letter
ver to you !

) r Read the writing task below and make r gr h plan for

Ll s -
i

r letter. R m m r to use qualifiers with your adjectives

lll me and adverbs to make your letter more appealing. Before start Writing, remember
to Underline the key Words in the
rhis i5 extract fr m letter u r tl received from your u l . ta5k and to ask u s If question5
about What you have to Write.
Your mum tells m your class is doin9 r ll excitin9 history project h , brainstorm idea5 aboUt the
h r
this term. what exactly are you doing? l 't wait to h r ll about it, kind of project you coUId Write
about and make notes. Decjde
Which ofyour idea5 is the best and
;Vrite /etter to ur u l sw ri g his question. (']20-180 words) and then
u5 ur notes to l
'. Write ur letter

strle
se
Us |ul { xpress\oyl;
lge Relating exciting news
1 Let me tell you about ...
l |' got some really amazing/exciting news for you.
ul The moSt interestin9 part/highlight so far has ..,
What really interested/made an impression me wa5 ,,.
l found .,. totally Unbelievable/incredible.
YoU ima9ine hoW thrilling/fascinating it WaS/has .
Y u should have seen his/her face wh ...
lcouldn't believe my eyes wh ...
l hadn't realised .., could so interesting.
Before you watch
How much do you know about the Great Pyramid of Giza and the surrounding
area? Look at the statements below and write for true or F for false.
1 The Great Pyramid of Giza is also known as the Pyramid of Cheops.
2 The Great Pyramid was the tal]est m -m d structure in the world for over ,8 0 rs.
Giza is the second largest city in Egypt.
4 The Great Pyramid consists of about 5 million limestone ks.
5 h famous valley where most { the Egyptian pyramids r found is called the 'Valley of the Queens'.
6 Wh they were first built, the pyramids at Giza were white.
]t,

While you watch

Watch the DvD and circle the words you hear.
1 Zahi Hawass is leader of the r h l gi l team r s si for maintaining the Giza Pyramids / site.
2 EgyptianS are proud of these priceless / timeless monuments.
The Giza Project is finding and protecting um r of ancient objects / artifacts.
4 One day, places / sites iike this will bte to tourists.
5 Even ft r tu i s /rs of discovering amazing monuments in Giza.theteam are still making new discove ies,
6 The kings of Egypt are saying thank you to today's Pyramid protectors / guardians.

After you watch

Complete the summary of the DVD below using these words.
di g to compete officia[S peaceful protect st t S task threat wise w d s
Giza is the home of the Pyramids. Tourists m from all over the world to visit
these amazing (1) However, there iS great r about
the futu of these ancient monuments. Archaeoloqist Zahi Hawass is very
w rri d. (2) him, t rri thing is h i g in Giza.
Near the pyramids th r r came]s and horses r wh r . Merchants (3)
to sell souvenirs to tou ists. believes that d r these
conditions it difficult { or visitors to feel how ma9ical the Pyramids r ll r .
intends to (4) the Pyramids from the physical damage
caused tourism.

Giza is h m to the l of the Seven (5) of the

Ancient World that Stijl existS - the Great Pyramid. However. it's also h m to
more than four million people. This is another (6) to the
site of the Pyramids trecause m r and more houses are being built r u d it. G
can't do anything
- r m t (7)
t the existing bousing, but th 'r hoping something else Will Stop the city
-. \
getting closer. h construction of wall around the Site has 9 to protect the Sphinx and the
j. Pyramids. lt was designed to tr l the um r of l entering the site and to keep the
r m r (8) lt wil] also keep out souvenir sellers and animals. As Hawass
says, this is very (9) development that will safeguard the Pyramids
for { uture generations. lf th important (10) of building the wall is not
, . complete 5 , the magic of the Pyramids may gone i hu dr d rs.

D Discuss these questions with partner.

. Which i t monuments in your country d to protected? How this done?
. Do u think it iS important to know about i t civilisations? Why?/Why t?
. Do you think it important that archaeologiStS keep trying to discover antiquities?
Why? r'r'hy not?

t ,d.
 Units 5 & 6

,' V l r
circle the correct words-

, : re people's ambition is to invent amazing w gadgets 9 to places that no has r been

: :j . Some want to make (1) profit / their best in business and become wealthy, There r others still,
, who r simply (2) stubborn / determined to succeed in living rm l life despite the difficulties
""
-,.,; r,
have faced, Debbie Grosch-Squance is one of these l .
2 06, Debbie suffered from chest ( ) infection / depiction which caused another more serious condition
,:: s of virus. Doctors were { orced to remove most of h r right leg to save h r life. Despite this, Debtrie
;'-sed to (4) set the worLd { ire / throw in the towel. She had always been keen runne1 and she decided
' :: she was going to ru again. An (5) authentic / artificial leg was made for her, and Debbie spent l g
- patiently practising until she could walk, and th u , her new leg, Today, she is not l back at
:- < , but she also ru s r gul rland takes t i ru i g competitio 5. r (6) { ilur / accomplishment
1- nspiration to all who know her,

j complete the sentences with the correct words.

rr g t devoted inaccurate rf t
1 successful l w r, but he isn't pleasant person. r
2 N d , you know| We ll have ur faults,
h writer's historical novel is full { facts and dates,
4 won't succeed because h not to his r r.
hotd onto put off Set up take r
5 When the f th r dies, will the daughter the m ?
6 Don't ur th r applying f that j
may have l, { geTting it.
7 you help me to the video m r , please?
Why didn't you the old document? l'm sure it was i .
as fr m of
9 The .2 million-year-old Austraiopithecus ske eton found i Ethiopia is known Lucy,
10 ldream becoming an archaeologist.
,1 y u can l lot l like Mark Zuckerberg.
,2 lfeel Iike th luckiest m the planet.

h words in bold r th wrong part of speech. Correct them.

,h
] We haven't got conclusion evidence for the existence of Atlantis.
2 Can you proof r i ?
3 Most l get lot of satisfy out { achieving goals.
4 lVany,jobs r quite repetition, unfortunately,
5 Wh don't you analysis the situation before you give up?
6 Do you have theoretical about the finds?

, done?

?
 Units 5 & 6

Complete the sentences with these words.

[ to can't could don't have might mustn't needn't shou[d
1 Jane take the m again. She got Al
2 Y u h t i exams. l{ you r caught, you will punished.
h t coin fr m ancient times. lt dated 1988l
4 r d h an ambition or ooal_
5 achieve r goals last year?
6 You to wealthy to successful.
7 They r h their sales targets. l'm not S r .
you pass the tools, please?

Tick the sentences which are correct and correct the wrong 5 in your notebook.
1 Y u have s Einstein last r. died rs ago.
2 Y u could have d well if you'd tried. t]
3 know.
may ar ived yesterday evening. l don't t]
4 Sh uld l have listen to what the teacher said? t]
5 l would have helped you study, but you didn't ask me. J
6 You mustn't have h rd the explosion, lt was so loud! a

circle the correct words.

1 No had seen / seeing inside the tomb for ,000 years.
2 l had thin < ing / had thought about you wh the h r g.
3 s r Wilde had ived / h d livinq in Paris when he died.
4 Had they interviewed / Had they interviewing the archaeologist before?
5 lt was obvious h 'd failed the exam. hadn't even opened / hadn't even i g his text book.
6 Had Schliemann looked / been looking for r for long time when h f u d it?

D Match.
] The boss r books flights for yours?
2 h 't enjoying his.

ls that historian friend of ] himself.

4 This book isn't John's, but that i5 :] d themselves.
5 Have you r done t_ nothing ll day l g?
6 doesn't Want to do t] f anything.
7 The m is Jane's and the tools are also g anywhere?
8 Have you seen my glasses h hers.

h question tags in bold are wr g. Correct them.

1 She isn't very ambitious w m , hasn't she?
2 h really believe in their dream, had they?
3 ll has to Egypt, is she?
4 They hadn't careful, don't they?
5 W ' going to win, shall we?
6 Let's try h rd r, aren't we?

\
Reading: article, multiple m t hi g
V l r : t r I disaster-related words, collocations & expressions, prepositions
Gr mm r: gerunds & infinitives, make & let, m ris of adiectives & adverbs, too,
ugh, 5 & such
Listening: note-taking
Speaking: talking about the t r l world, comparing photographs, asking for clarification
Writing: st r s q i g events
which of the { ollowing natural disasters r in
your country? Can you describe what happens?

wi dfires
floods ,
classify: to divide things into gr s
tornadoes di g to their tyPe
volcanic u ti s deroil: to make train m off the
r ilw tracks
m lt : describes r k thqt h 5 melted
us of g qt heot
Read th text quickly. Which paragraph gives pyroclastic: m lt rock fr gm ts d
information about record? gases that m rapidly down the side'
of volcano

"4_ lt's r i i g frogs!

The fostest wind speed ever r rd d 5l ] km
on h Ur Ur d dUring t r d in the -
USA i l999- Scientists SSif tornodoes
the domoge th do, tornodo With Wind
Speeds of l l <m h u sweep w q
ti houses ond throw corS through the lr oS
if th U W r l < ts. tornodo with Wind Speeds
of r thon 4 km hour hos the power to
deroi troinS, t r 9roSS fr m the ground, ond
l povements fr the street, BUt thot'S
not l tornodoes do, scientists beljeve thot
tornodoes sucl < up the SUrfoces of lol < es,
riV rS ond other bodieS of Woter, Wh th do,
th con tol < e f gs d fiSh olong for the ride,
ond th drop them f r W , ThlS m h
the couse of the'frog r ' in town in
Serbio Smo l frogS roined the town, sending
residents running f r cover os the9 tried to
escope, 'I thought pLone rr i g frogs
hod oded i mid-oir" soid resident

i! Floming twisters
As if t d s r 't dongerous enough, one kind
]s mode of fire! Wlldfires r So W fUl thot
th creote theiI own Weother. As these fires
ur , th Sur huge quontities of 9 . The
intense heot couses the ir to rjs , when fresh i
Ush s in to repioce it, St g Winds r du d
Somet mes thiS mol < es the fire spin lil < e t r d ,
These fire whirls, or fire tornodoes, l5 m
wide d g w os toll os 4 St r building
h q q r llq lost more thon few minutes,
but some hove losted oS long oS 20, h q r , not
SurpriSingl , ofthe most donqerous tU l
disosters, l J92 inJopon, ofireWhirl killed
, "6 | hod gotheteo in ^ -
Spoce to escope being injUred in eorthquol < e.
 Read th article again to find the followin9
information.
Ll -U
F r multiple-matchin9 task5, don't
Which r 9r h(s) mention e pect the questions to use the
:h destruction of r rt ? 1] 2 5 m Wording aS the text. Look in
how tall tur l disaster ? |l the text for S m5 of key Words
in the question. For m l , to
Somethin9 that iS made in cold conditions? 4L] 5W r qUestion 1,1ook for words
well-known historic event? 5 and phrases in the text that mean the
same aS destructio d property.
the m r of people who died in
specific event? 7_]
natural disaster that resulted in iz rr
t? 8 Get the meaning!
something which happens more frequently D Complete the definitions with these words.
rt i seasons? 9 ava[anche blizza d flash ftood
naturaI disaster that doesn't la5t th d st rm t r d
r l g? 10
ratural disasters that move heavy
__.]
1 ( ) is violent storm with
strong winds that move in i l .
cbjects? 11 12
2 ( ) is s snow storm
with str winds.
3 A(n) is heavy rain
accompanied thunder and lightnin9.
4 ( ) is large amount of
water That suddenly rs an r ,
- Dodge bolls 5 ( ) is l rg amount { ice,
, : Jt l, rS 9 , hundreds of people Were snow and rock falling quickly down the side of
-:teriousltJ l < illed in the Himolo oS, recent mountain.
.:stigotion concluded thot th W r cought in
ll km St m d couldn't ovoid being hit chunks of ice the
_i oftennis bolls thot fell on their heods ot m r thon
:s g . : <m hour, Hoilstorms oS d dl oS thiS r r r ,
, roil
llnd itself is not u mm . lt is formed in storms which { the natural disasters described i the
.n roindrops ore rri d into tr m L cold r S of the readin9 text would the most frightening?
)ir oS -- s h r U powerful WindS, The longer the ti specl < S
SpeedS : U r u d in the Wind, the bigger th become, How do l and the government s d to
ver to .n the pieces of ice gr W too big for the Wind to hold natural disasters in your country?
ond : ih fqll to the ground oS hoil, Hoil iS most mm
hot'S - ng lote Spring ond rl SUmmer When severe
ve thot -derstorms ore m r lil < elg to occur,
S,
q do, - Gos ottock!
ide, -a erupts, glowing Seo
r
l
ove len lovo otIen llow down ils
in
].S, d Str i g thi g in its poth
ing
:
d
. l q r du Somethin9
.1 deodlier: gr ostic flow,
g frogs
]nt
_ ^ h iS cloud of gos ond rock thot
-r h temperotures obove 5 " .
: fLow croshes down the side of
] ovolonche, These flows
lil < e
) l < ind . llh speeds of m r thon
r
rhot : - k hour, l sti flow wi]l
i fireS ::l < down, destrog, burg r rrq
Igen, The ,lg rlg ever thing it meets. lt
resh ir :- destro buildings, fo ests ond
d d. 1lond, PeopIe Who r cought in
t d , : poth r i uSl m 9 the
l l5 m -] S people thot
too, but V
d ing, : ose g die os the result of
linUtes, :]thing in hot osh ond goses, lt
] r , not -] thiS kind of floW thot f m USl
lotUrol . :r d the R m cities of
< illed ^ ]peiiond r u l Um dUring the
-ct of MoUnt Vesuvius rlq
quol < e, ,: thousond rS ogo,

*, .**lrr**,d
 ! V l r
Label the pictures with these words.

drought earthquake famine hUrri [ands[ide tidat Wave

choose the correct answers.

1 The of the hurricane is Fault lines r to m f r
its tr wildfires
its peak earthquakes

2 h Richter scale m sur s The magnitude { something

the intensity of earthquake iS its great Size
the height { tidal wave is its width

HaiI stones r lf you r feeling aftershocks, you have just su vived

small balls of lava hurricane
small balls of ice strong earthquake

Complete the sentences with these words.

caSualtieS crust havoc organiSations r g rs w i g
1 Surprisingly, th umtr of ft r the t r d was quite low.
2 Natural disasters l and wreck lives.
Forest r constantly on guard for the first sign of wildfire,
like the Red Cross r usually the first on the 5 after disaster.
5 Earthquakes are result of the movement of 'plates' in th earth's
6 F rtu t l . the authorities issued ( ) abouttheflood, so l w r evacuated in time.

D Do you agree with these statements? Compare your answers with rt r .

. ll countries where earthquakes often h should make t,uildings resistant to earthquakes.
. Natural disasters can't avoided and there is nothing that l do to r r themselves in advance.

86
 Gerunds & lnfinitives Gerund or lnfinitive?
Read the sentences below and decide whether the Some verbs can followed gerund
words in bold are gerunds, bare infinitives or full or infinitive with h g i meaning.
infinitives. h , answer the questions below. Other verbs also followed
gerund or an infinitive, but there is
Volunteers w r v ry happy to l up the beach.
h g in m i g. Read each pair of
Collecting fossils has his h for years.
sentences and d rli th infinitives
hurricane is sometimes strong enough to w down houses.
and the gerunds. h , answer the
She must do seminar language teaching.
question below.
The local government raised m to h l the environment.
The flood victims described the tornado as being very scary The wildfire continued to burn f r days.
The wildfire continued burning for days.
Do we use gerund, full infinitive or r infinitive
Jenny remembered locking the door.
1 after preposition? Jenny remembered to lockthe d r.
2 after rt i ad,jecives? ln which pair of sentences does the
after modalverb? meaning change? !
4 after the words too and enough?
5 as the subject of sentence? Make & Let
6 to show purpose? D Read the se]rtences and underline the
infinitives. ..
We can also use gerunds and infinitives after certain verbs 1 We were made to stay inside all day.
and phrases. Complete these s t s with gerund, 2 um made us stay inside ll day.
fulI in { initive or bare infinitive. 3 m won't let us go out in the r i .
1 we had better ( ) careful wh using
this machine. Complete the rules.
2 dad suggested (visit) the nature The verb rnake (: force) is followed
r s r . infinitive in the acive voice and _ infinitive i
lwould r th r (go out) than stay in the passive voice. The r Ie1(: 6//9 7) is l used
tonight. i the active voice. lt is followed _ infinitive.
We rr g d (climb) to the top of
Read 7 .1 -7 .5 of the Gramrnar R f r pages
t Olympus. 169-17 before do the ta5k5.
lt not worth (explore) that cave. lt
too risky.

complete th sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.

1 You can't h l (worry) about the environment these days.
2 You risk (get) wet if you don't t k umbrella with you.
h residents were made (leave) the town after the earthquake.
4 denied ( ) scared of thunder and lightning.
5 lt's too warm (SnoW) today.
6 h rescue team had to stop (rest) after working for so m hours.

F Circle the correct words.

h disappearing island
- you imagine (1 } to ]ive / living island that might (2) to disappear / disappear underwater i the r f t r ?
the i h it
,','ell, of Tuvalu don't need to imagine this. lt reaIity and th will probably made ( ) leave / to leave
:eir island soon. h r s for this is global warrTring. This is expeced (4) to i g / i gi g further
in time.
:.anges to climates all over the world and cause 5 levels (5) rise / to is .
- lu, situated halfway befueen Hawaii and Australia, is
in the Pacific of the most beauti { ul and unique
. aces but its highest point is.just under 5 m above sea level
rth, d most areas r only '1 m above sea
:vel. Tuvaluansare interested i (6) making / to make their r m known to the world. (7) Living / Live the
s d is already
difficult and they need help i (8) findin9 / to find solution. lf this doesn't h , Tuvalu, with
: population of about 12,000 people, may (9) m / to become the first country (10) following / to follow
- hi l Atlantis into the .
L\st \ q
Write these numbers using numerals.
] thr hundred 4 { ur hundred and fifty
2 fifty thousand 5 ten million
3 two thousand five hu d d 6 two hu dr d thousand

( '" Listen to th numbers and write down what you hear using numerals.
1

2
Ll -U
4 l some tasks where
5 you have to complete
notes, the 5W rS
that you hear will
Look at the sentences in D and answer the questions below. in the correct form
( u , adjective, ten5e,
1 Which answers do you think wil] contain m rs? etc), 5 you don't need
2 What rt of speech do you thinkthe other answers will contain? to make any changes,

D (Vou will hear Part of television documentary. F r questions 1-9, complete the sentences.
1 The mammoth lived yearS 9 .
2 The design of their bodies meant that mammoths were l to live in conditians {
3 L body was comp { etely because iL had preserved in { r z mud.
4 The condition of L body shows that she had very
5 Scientists know from examining h r tusks that sh was l old.
6 Mammoths lived rth for almost _5
7 of the th ri s for the disappearance of the mammoth is sudden h g in the eafth's

8 Some mammoths' bodies have sh w that they had been hunted

9 Lyubra's body has given scientists better understanding of how mammoths

Nenet touche5
mammoth carcass,
Lyuba. outside the
Shemanovsky Museum.

i
 q Ll s -
Work with partner and answer these questions. lf don't understand
. what comes to mind wh you hear the term 'the natural world'? something your partner
. How often do you stop to take in the natural world around you? Says, ask them to repeat or
. humans considerate towards other species that sh r th same r hr S What they Said.
tur l world with them? Why?/Why not?

Label the pictures with these words.

captivity. i t rf r destruction, pottution in the witd, freedom t r , g

]te

S , ]

eed
eS,
]
.

work with partner and answer th questions t the photographs. of you should student
d the other should Student . Remember to use the Useful Expressions.

student : m photos 1 and 2 and say how humans r affecting u natural world.
Student : Which { these situations do you think hasthe worst effect the t r l world? Why?

l h s
ass,
le
lseum.

Student : m r photos d 4 and say which animals you think live in better way.
Student : Do you think zoos r good idea? Why?/Why not?

(-:@l lt f l { xpress\ovl9
Asking for clarifi cation
] iscuss these questions with partner. could U repeat that, please?
' t r l disasters mm in r country? lf so, which ones? Would you mind repeating that, plea5e?
. How do humans destroy the t r l world? l'm 50rry. I didn't quite 9et that.
. which two t r l disasters do you think r the most dest uctive? 5 rr , What do you mean ...?
. Why is it important to protect r natural world?

, *. -._. .j**-. .,l

 V -; ru\
Collocations & Expressions
Match the expressions in bold with their meanings a-f.
1 l knew we w r in deep water when l saw the bear ru us!
i g towards r listi
2 The hospitals were snowed underwith casualties after the avalanche. f tre very fast
The urs was ray of sunshine. 5h used to make m laugh r day. I t, very busy
4 The police were as quick as lightning. h came as soon as we called them. ] d , h rful and make otbe-
5 Katy has her head in the clouds - she thinks th ri r will flood again. ] sensitrle
6 Everyone loves because she is down to earth, friendly and helpful. ] f in tr u

Prepositions
circle th correct words.

Supervolcano
supervolcanoes r probably the most destructive f r (1) on / in the planet. There r 't many of them, but i{
erupts it would almost rt i l threaten the 5urvival (2) of / th h m r .
h l g st supervolcano eruption happened about 74,00 years 9 in Lake , Sumatra. The eruption was so
huge that the ground was covered (3) within / with 5 cm of ash as f r as 2,5 0 km away fr m the volcano. h
st also h d huge effect on global temperatures Which dropped (4) under / around 5' . This drop (5) in / at
t m r tur Was devastating d scientiStS h discovered that it caused the summers in Europe to freezing
cold and also had catastrophic effect on animals and plant life.
Supervolcanoes differ (6) than / from rm l ones in m ways, rm l volcano is cone-shaped and when
it erupts the lava bursts (7) out / up of the top and flows (8) thr ugh / down the sides. the other hand,
supervolcanoes form u d 9 u d. 9m slowly rises from hotspot deep down in the rth, until eventually
hu dr ds of thousands of years later rm us blast urs.
One of the largest supervolcanoeS that eXiStS today is in Yellowstone National Park, US . Wh Scientists
were doing r s r h (9) / { or the volcano they w r r ll surprised (10) / off what they found. Basically,
the whole of the park had massive l of magma u d th it, measuring 7 km across km wide]
l\rloreover, th discovered evidence to suggest that the Yellowstone supervolcano erupts every 0,00 years,
Unfortunately, its last rU ti was well 600,000 years 9 , so it Seems that the clock is ticking!

_.- i.l.:
-r _.--j -

:':, ' - #

Discuss these questions with partner.

. Do u know who is ray of sunshine or who h s their head in the clouds? Who?
. Do u think people who are down to rth have m r friends? Wh ? Vh not?
. How do you wh you are snowed u d r wlth school work?
9

l
 Comparison of adjectives & adverbs , Enough, So & S h
Look at these sentences and answer the questions below. Look at the words in bold in the sentences
and answer the questions below.
The w rld largest l is situated i Hawaii.
tsunami isaworsenatural disaster than flood. lt raining too hard for uS to go out.
Earthquakes h the most frequently in the Pacific Ring Sh experienced enough to get the job.
of Fir . 1 which word is used to show that
d h wildfire spread faster th we had predicted. something is more than we want or need?
others
1 Which sentences contain the comparative f rm? ! and !
2 Whi h sentences contain the superlative f rm? ! and ! which word is used to show that
something is as much as we want r need?

Look at these sentences and answer the sentences below.

Jenny isn't 5 clever as Julia. D We s so and such for emphasis. Look
This winter it has snowed as heavily as it did last winter. at th s sentences and answer the
h warmer the weather, the better sam feels. questions below.
'1 l sentence , who is l r r? Many natural disasters r so difficult to
2 ln sentence , did it snow more heavily this winter or last predict.
winter r did it snow the same? The emergency services did such great
3 ln s t , what is the relationship between the weather job duririg the flood.
and how Sam feels? The tsunami struck so quickly, we couldn't
believe it.

Complete the rules. What rts of speech follows so?

We use + to ShoW that two people
adjective/adverb +
r things r similar in some -way. Wh they r not similar, we 2 What parts of speech follow such?
can use 5 + adjective/adverb + 5. The structure
-
- comparative, + comparative shows how action or
Read 7 .6-7 .8 ot the Grammar R f r 9
situation affects th r. - 170-171 be { ore you do tfie task.
-
Complete the second sentences so that they have similar
m i g to th { irst sentences. Use the words in bold.
'1 ln ur , tsunamis r not aS mm as in Asia. more
ln ASia, tsunamiS in Europe.
We had expected it to rain m r heavily. as
lt didn't r i we had expected.
l drink m r water when it gets hotter. the
h hotter water l d i k.
4 h h urri was so strong that it caused lot of damage. such
lt was that it caused lot of
dama9e.
t've r met l more friendly than -these islanders. most
These islanders are |'ve r met.
6 It Was so windy that the helicopter couldn't rescue the flood victims. too
lt Was to rescue the flood victims.
7 h r are more tornadoes in the USAthan i the restoftheworld. highest
h usA has the oftornadoes i the
world.
8 h r s u team needs to work faster to savetheml gh
h rescue team isn't to save them!
Some { orces of nature r 't as bad as others. than
Some { orces of t r th rs.
10 lt Was such relief to h r that he'd survived the l h ! so
l was that he'd survived the avalanche!

-
 W rifi r1
equencing events
Wh you tell Story, it'S important that the r
d r
is l to follow the sequence of events. You do
this using t i phrases that help to show how
events follow from one th r. These phrases
also h l to t sense { d m in the Story.

Match h phrase 1-5 to phrase

- with similar meaning.
1 At { irst, ]
2 At last, . t,]
3 few minutes l t r, ...
4 Atthat moment, ...
5 At the same time, ... f-

lV]eanwhile, .,.
JuSt then, ...
l the gi i g, ...
d l the end, ...
After while, ...

Read the writing task below and then tick th things you have to do.
wrjte story that begins with these words: uld 't wait to get off the boat.
1 Write story about r m
2 describe the boat i detail J
rr t an event the h r was not looking forward to at all
4 use the words gi exactly as they r

Read the model story and circle the correct words.

couldn't Wait to get off the boat. ,After several hours'journey and lifetime of waiting, h was
almost there. (1) At first, / lVeanwhile, Simon hadn't been to make out exactly what was ahead,
but as th boat got r r, he realised it was the volcano he was looking at.
(2) Two months / minutes later, the boat docked at small h r ur and he Went ashore.
stood still f r moment and looked around him, enjoying the strange atmosphere. h , h walked
f rw rds. growing m r and more excited.
( ) Then one day, / Before l g, he found path and strolled up it. h volcano's landscape fascinated
him as he got closer to its peak. There was 15 hot steam pouring from little cracks i the lava.

(4) Just th , / ln the end, Simon glanced up. Steam was rising up in front of him. had reached
the crater. Twisting r u d for his camera, caught glimpse of the sun, lt was setting behind the
cliffs in the distance.
(5)At last, / After while, he had s the famous volcano, also got the h to see the most
beautiful sunset he had ever seen - and all this on the same day!

92
_ k again !

) Read th model story again and write (tr ) or F (false).

1 Simon has been waiting long time to visit the island. .]
2 doesn't know what the l is at fi st. f
is us d to atmospheres like the the island.
4
5
{ inds the hot steam fascinating.
several narrative tenses have used.
Ll s -U
Wh U are Writing Story,
can express your ideas more
j Write the correct r gr h m r next to these descriptions. clearly and qive the reader
m r vivid picture ofthe people
Set the scene d describe background details. and events U5ing precise
ri g the story to an end. Words to describe thingS. F r
Say what the main character saw from the volcano, example, you use store
g/ instead ofiook,
d Begin with sentence given and introduce the m i h r t r.
Describe the climb up the volcano. t_

Complete the definitions with word or phrase from the Useful Expressions. Sometimes
more than answer is ssi .
1 lf you at something. u look at it intensely f r long time.
2 l{ you Something you manage to See it.
Y u if you walk with difficulty because of i ,j r .
4 You s m if you attract his or h r attention.
5 lf you you walk slowly in relaxed way.
6 lf you somebody, his r h r face is familiar to you.

r to you !

Read the writing task below and make r gr h l for

r story. Remember to use phrases to show the order of
the events, so the r d r follow your story clearly. U | l < r 5s]' |5
Ways of seeing/looking at something
Write story that begins with these words; h all { elt as if they
catch glimpse of make t
were standing top of the world ('120-1 0 words)
catch s m notice
9aze at observe
gl at recognise
gl r at Stare at

Ways of walking
creep skip
limp stroll
m r h wander
 Before you watch
Match th words to th meanings.
1 barometric pressure person whose job it is to study the w th r
2 data predict event before it happens
3 forecast the force of the air r d the rth
4 humidity d flat area of Iand with few trees on it
5 meteo ologist the amount of water in the air
6 mission f in[ormation collected { or analysis
7 velocity g important task r job
8 plain h wind speed

While you watch

watch the DvD and decide if these tatements are true or false. write for true and F for false.
1 Tornadoes usually move faster than O miles hour.
2 The rt of storm that r d s the tornado is called the r 9 ,
3
4
Tim Samaras always finds time to admire the tornadoes he's chasing.
carsten Peter says that photographing tornadoes is difficult because everything happens very fast.
I
5 h r r approximately 1 0,000 tornadoes in th US every year.
6 samaras takes about 20 seconds to piace probe, turn it and ru away.
7 The storm h s s bad great luck in Manchester, South Dakota,
8 The probe used in lVanchester didn't produce any interesting data.

After you watch

Complete the summary of the DVD below using these words.
attempt determined directty functional mi g rapidty resutts w i 9
Photographer Carsten t r h 5 an unusual interest. travels with 9r
oftornado chasers and puts himself (1) into the path of
tornados. His pictures might give meteorologists tt r Understandin9 of
these h g storms and h l them develop (2) systems
that will save l lives.

Some of the photographs that he produces r taken from r travelling

between 100 and 1 30 kms, just ahead of the storm. Things can change very
(3) wh you're chasing storm!
Peter also Wants to (4) to make visual records of storms
using piece of equipment called photographic r . Recently, Peter
was with storm-chasing team led Tim Samaras. h placed their
probes in the path of the (5) tornado. h Weather r performed as it Was supposed to.
but, unfortunately, the h t gr hi r caught images only of the edge of the storm, t the tr . t least
it WaS still (6) after the storm h d passed, which was amazingl Althou9h it was disappointin9
that it hadn't Worked as expected, Peter explains that the closer he gets to hiS 9 l, the m r interesting it iS for
him. seems to have faith that they will get the good (7) they Want the next Lime around, r
m the time after that. He's (8) to get the results he and the scientists need.

D Discuss these questions with rt r.

' How would you feel if someone told you that you had to take over
t r job? What would you telt him/her?
'whatkindsofextremeweatherdoyouhaveinyour tr ? you rexperienceditfirst-hand?
. Would u r r d to work in extreme weather situations? Why?,lVhy not?
94
 Reading; advertisements,multipIe-choicequestions
V l r : media-related words, phrasaI r s, word formation
G!, mm r: passive voice: tenses, gerunds, infinitives & modal verbs, impersonal &
personal structures
Listening: multipIe-choicequestions(pictures)
Speaking: talking about the media, decision making, showing that are listening
Writing: essay, editing r work

w rd
h r
van in
l, USA
 d\ q
Look at the different types of media below.
Write for those that r print media, for
electronic media and for th.
1 g t] 4 e-book
2 magazine 5 message rd a
3 newspaper 6 Web site

Do you read of the above? Which ones?

ouickly scan the five advertisements. Which

magazine has the most issues per year?
rs r place

Parents! Get hold ol National Geographic

Litfle Kds magazine to give r pre-schooler
head St ri| ThiS award-Winning magazine
iS Specially designed for 3 to year-olds and
is filled with photos and lively Stories that
help develop early r di g skills, lt also has
interactive picture gameS and puzzles to teach
logic and coUnting,

PLUS!
5imple Science rim ts
') humour and rhymes
) focus different cultures
Read N tl / Geographic Little Kidswith ur child
and provide the most importanl gitL you give:
time With U!

N atio al Geog r hi Explore r

magazine iS packed With high-
interest science and social studies
National G gr hi Kids magazine gets kids content that inspires kids to r
excited about their w rldI F t r stories include about the planet!
articles on wildli { e, entertainment, science, ) writt science writers
t h l g . extreme Sporl5. adventures. amzing and specialiStS
kids and w rld wonders, ages 5-1 2
sections include:
') 7 issues per year, per
) Video Game tr l
month dUring term-time
) Gr Scene N ational Geog raphic Explore r is
) Art z the l content-based classroom
) Guinness World Records magazine for this age group that
l cool lnventions provides science and social studies
wildlife watch conten,t While developing reading
') Weird BUt ru and Writing skills.
Sports F i S
'
ExtraS:
Large pullout St rS r maps, ll t trading cardS, contests, Stickers
and m r .

96
 Your family is interested in subscribing to magazine.
You have found the following adve isements for
Ll -U
magazines. Read the questions, and then look at th When you are answering question Where
there are two or more answers for h
adve isements for th answers.
option, u lookfirst atthe texts that
1 Which magazine is ideal for your f ur- r- ld sister? occur most often as answer choices. lf
] you exclude these 5 options, u
2 d4 automatically exclude any anSwers that
include them. For example, in question 2,
2 Which magazines r ish d in m r than first look at text number 1 Which
langua9e? occurs in , and . lf this te t i5 not about
'],2and4 '1, d4 magazine that i5 publi5hed in more than
1,4and5 d 2,4and5 langua9e, the answer are looking
for must d_
Which magazine was first published more th
hundred years 9 ?
1 3 Your dad teaches science at rim ry school. Which
2 d 4 magazine would good f r his classes?
4
4 Which magazine has articles about s rt? d5
6
1

d Which magazines h maps?

'1 and 2 2and4
'1 d d 2and5
7 Which magazines r not aimed specifically at
NATlONAL children?
National Geographic
11agazine: lnspiring people GEOGRAPHIC 2 d d5
: r about the planet lnside Anima!Minds
2and4 d 4and5
: 188 , 8 Which magazines include features children find f ?
l Geog raph ic is 1and2 2 d4
d
'l ati

- iV rs ll recognised for its 2 d 4and5

^ gh quality. With informative
9 Which magazine always comes with the same free
articles d some of the best
9ift?
:hotojournalism you will ever
'| 4
acme across, the magazine
^ aS massive readership
2 d 5
r u d the woid. 10 You want to go world tour with ur family.
Which magazine is best f r you?
: l r the most distant r rs { the W rld and Ur
-niverse with National Geographic|
2 4
d5
) 12 monthly iSSueS photo contests
* produced in 32 languages ' map supplements
' Get the m i g !

Complete the definitions with these words.

rd]eS content issue photojourna[iSm readership
r \,Jational 5upptement
Geographic
r l r, the world's
^ rost Widely read travel
1 single of magazine is known as a(n)
" ,]agazine, i s i S
,eaders to tr l 2 Giving the news using mainly photographs is k w
ki g at the world
:,,]r gh Stunning The of magazine or
h t gr h . newspaper is all the topics that are included in it.
]s
) m . There r 8 issues 4 An extra rt of magazine that is produced
lat separately is called ( )
r year,
!dieS . li iS published i 12 The um r of l who regularly buy magazine
g
languages in 21 countries. is known as the

n every issue readers enjoy:

9 lnterviews with explorers
) FamilyJriendly destinationS
* Food f m around the globe More and m r people r reading e-books and
k the world's li ws rs. Do you think th day will come
ur bags and truly ri
.]nique destinationsl wh we |onger have ri t media? Are there
advantageS to thi5?
97
 Y V l r
Circle the odd ones out.
1 headline title adve tisement
2 host reporter preSenter
m r m critic sound gi r
4 correspondent report rti l
5 subscription documentary soap r

circle the rr t words.

1 l get my daily r at the newsagent'S / l th m Street.
2 h r are s r l types of media / press, including ws rs, TV and the lnternet.
Wh l'm watching football, l usually turn down the volume s the s ts mm t r / r i w
drives me mad!
4 There were ws { lashes / strikes every h ur after the attack.
5 Statistics / l\4easurements sh W that m r l r getting th ir news li these days.
6 According to sales quantities / figures, many local newspapers may forced out of business.

Complete the text using these words.

adaptation author columniSt edito pieceS

m best { riend
John Gr g had had interesting and varied
career as journalist before h turned to writing
books and became hugely successful, sel { -
employed (1) . had done
evervthino { rom oolice (2)
which involved writing about im 5 committed
Lo being regu,ar ( )
writin9 for several newspapers.

The thing that John often W t about in

his l m s was his pet Labrado1 Marley, u i
reaction to theSe (4)
i di l and many r d rs wrote in asking
f r m r of the same, r th t decade,
Grogan wrote weekiy lum about his
naughty, but r loveable golden L d r.
whose adventures w r followed thousands
of readers.
After Marley's death, J h decided that he
wanted to go one step further: h wrote book
about his pet and Sent it to the well-known
book (5) r lli s. h (6) who r d it loved it, the manusc ipt was
accepted d th book came out in (7) in t r 2005. lt was huge success, appearing at
the top of the l sts ]l r lists f m weeks. l 2008, film (8) of the novel was made to the
delight of the m rl fans r u d the world.

D Do you agree with these statements? Discuss your answers with rt r .

. picture speaks thousand words.
. Watching TV is always waste of time.
. Don't believe everything you d.
98

l
Passive Voice: Tenses The Passive Voice: Gerunds, lnfinitives &
Read the sentences d notice the changes that
Modal V r s
occur. Then. answer the questions below. Read the irs of sentences and notice
Active: The presenter interviewed the actress.
the changes.
Passive: h actress was interviewed the presenter. Acive: Children love their parents taking them
1 Who is the ob.ject ofthe active sentence?
to the cinema.
Passive: Children love being taken to the cinema
their parents.
2 Who is the subject i the passive sentence? Active; When are you supposed to write the l m ?
Passive: When is the l m supposed to written?
what is the verb i the active sentence and which Active: Tom must the newspaper subscription,
tense is it i ? Passive: The newspaper subscription must paid
Tom.
What is the auxiliary verb in the passive s t
and whi h tense is it i ? Complete the rules.
We form th passive of gerund with
What form { the verb interyiew is in the passive + past participle. We f rm the passive of full infinitive
s t ? with to + + past participle. We form the
passive of modal with the modal +
+ past participle.
Complete the rules. -
Read 8.r-8.2 oftfie Grammar Reference page 171
We f rm the passive voice using the auxiliary
before you do the tasks.
verb in the correct tense and -
the past { the main verb. h
of the active sentence becomes the
subject of the Pa55ive sentence.

Complete the Sentences With the correct form { the passive voice and the verbs in brackets.
1 The equipment (test) the sound gi r now.
2 This photo (take) at the Nature Preserve in rl Shores, lndiana.
,t
These days, m books (make) with l d r.
4 The article needs (edit) a9ain.
5 event must ( r) in tomorrow's newspaper.
The winner of the g m show (9ive)the prize
next Week.
7 wanted his photos (exhibit) i Paris.
8 The economic crisis (feature)
the front page of h Times tomorrow.

Rewrite the sentences in r notebooks using the

passive voice. Start with th words in bold.
1 The W h l will oadcast the programme
tomorrow i g.
2 lVlany l watch Oprah Winfrey's chat show
every day.
3 They should us better quality r for newspapers. ,-
4 This m r m has filmed m episodes of Days of
r Lives.
5 The teacber gives the schoolchildren lot of homework.
6 lVla ny ,jou rna lists r covering th natural disaster.
7 The presenter will have asked the contestant twenty
questions the end of the quiz.
8 h weatherman had f r st the heavy snow { r
the drop in t m tur .
L\st \ q
Look at the pictur s below and write down three ('You will hear eight short conversations. After _
things that are the same in all pictures and three h r h conversation you will asked questio-
things that are not the same in all Pictures. about what you h heard. The answers are show-
as pictures. Circle , or .

\ :/

Things that r the same in all pictures:

Things that are not the Same in ll pictures:

G w look at the pictures in again and listen

to the dialogue. Tick the correc answer to the
question you hear.

Ll s -U
Listen r f lI becau5e the i tUr 5 &
t
Won't always in the rd r that l
h r them mentioned.

1
z' 2'
3: -

5. ,|

DvD !
 > k|qq
i Work with partner and answer these questions.
. HoW often do you watch the news TV? HoW im t t is it for to keep up with current events?
. What form(s) of media do you r f r to use to keep up-to-date with news and events?
er yoU . r you interested in the private lives of cele ities? ls this more important r interestin9 to than world news?
] 5ti .
Sh W
Do you think th r r r l ms with the way some people who work in the media behave?

3 Look at the features below and decide if they are more likely Ll s -U
to occur television, in ws r or both. Write for
television, N for newspaper and for both. Wh U? having discussion, it *
i5 polite to show the other r5
] advertisement 6 live music t] lhal you are inl,erested in What he
*
l
2 weather forecast 7 intervieW or She i5 Saying. 5 Well as using
th Useful Expressions below, you
letters 9 8 h r s s also make contact With the
4 Sports news L] 9 V guide other person and nod your head
5 world news 10 cele ity gossip from time to time] i

- lmagine that your school is going to publish school newspaper. First, talk together t the different
topics that could included in the first issue. Then, decide which two topics would th most
interesting for students.

q
f,
'
n

,
i--- }

,*;.f
@
@ m]
@ ffi9 UrJ
ED @
fr1@
Discuss these questions with partner.
l) | l { r ssi
showinq that you are listening
.
3

Does TV present what is r ll important, or what will sell m r ? Ye5,

Do u think that the media cover too mu h t,ad news and not ugh Ri9ht.
good news? h t an interesting point.
l 5 What you m .
What was the last news story you h rd that was good news?
l understand What yoU're saying.
Are th r certain things that journalists shouldn't r rt on? Wh Vh not? h t exactly What l Was thinking.
l often say that no news is good ws. Do you agree?
 ri -"fl g [ r
phrasal verbs
ln the following exercise, two of the options given are used with each verb to make phrasal verb.
For each question, r ss out the option that cannot used with th r in bold.
] tune: in / through / out
2 pick: out / up / for
ring: in / back / l g
4 bring: out / at / round

Complete the sentences with the words from .

1 Make sure you tune next Tuesday { r the final episode of h {
2 TV presenters don't pick tbe clothes they wear on TV S m else does that f r them.
lr g the producer but h Wasn't there, so he's 9 i g to ring me
4 The publisher is going to bring w book ab,out healthy living,
5 h d um t was so boring; l tuned half way th ugh|
6 Someone will pick m at 10 o'clock and take me to the TV studio.
7 l think most rt rs t to bring l to their point ofview.
8 The radio station is asking listeners to ring i { they want to take part in the daily quiz.

word formation
Complete the text with the correct form of the words.

J ur * s -gr

lf you thought i 9 (1) JoURNAL

was all about
- **.
going to red-carpet events and interviewing superstars, you'd
mistaken. lv]any trave to some ofthe most far away ts ofthe world
%
to keep us informed about what's happening there.
These l,inds of people r (2) called USUAL
]
correspondents. They r rt rti ul r sul j t or country and _" +
they include (3) correspondents and those PoLlTlc5
who r rt wars and disasters around the world.
they r h their destination, they try to get close to the
(4) in order to provide the TV channels d
newspapers with (5) r video { ootage.
h r sometimes sent to r dangerous places, and that is why
i g correspondent can the most (6) RlsK
f rm of journalism,
the th hand, it also { the most (7) S |SFY
forms of journalism. So if you're (8) DVENTURE
kind of person and w t to go into journalism, maybe becoming
r S d t is just the job f r you.

D Read wh t different people say about jobs in the media. Do you agree with
them? Discuss with partner.
. '1 think being correspondent would r exciting and fulfil i 9 job because l'm
very adventurouS rs .'
'l think working i V would such satisfying and fun thing to do. l think it an
easy job where you lots of m .'
'l think working as journalist f r l it gossip magazine would so exciting.
lt's fascinating to know how famous l live.'
1 2
Passive V i : lmpersonal & Personal Structures
We often use verbs like believe, sid r, know. expect, say, suppose and think in the
passive voice. They can used in im rs l or personal passive str t r . Read these
sentences d notice the h g s that occur. h answer the questions below.
Active: Many l believe that the news TV is accurate.
Passive: lt is believed that the news TV is accurate. (This is the impersonal pasSive Structure.)
1 Whi h word is the subject of the passive verb in the second sentence?
2 What word follows the passive r i the second sentence?

Active: know that documentaries are s ri us r 9r mm s.

l
Passive: Documentaries are known to serious r gr mm s. (This is the personal passive structure.)
3 Which word is the subject of the passive verb in the second sentence?
4 What verb form follows the passive r in the second sentence?

Complete the rules.

We form the impersonal paSsive Structure With it + passive verb + + clause. We form
the personal Structure With + passive verb +

Read 8.3 of the Grammar Reference page 171 before do the task.

comPlete these Sentences using impersonal and personal structures.

1 People know that TV commercials influence viewers.
v commercials influence viewers.
Tv commercials vlewer5.
2 l say that the new serial is great success with young people.
the w serial is gr t success with
young l .
h w serial 9reat SUccess With
young l .
l think that the w radio station plays the best music in town.
lt the new radio tation plays the best
music in town.
The w radio station the best music i

-- believe that websites are

People 9reat s ur of information.
lt Web5ites are great S Ur of
information.
WebSites 9reat source of information.
l say that ta oid newspapers r full { sensational stories.
lt t id newspapers are full of
SenSational Stories,
id newspapers full { sensational
storieS.
6 l consider documentaries to educational and interesting.
docu entaries are educational and
intereStin9.
Documentari s educational and interesting.
red fox shows interest in daily
newspaper hanging out of letter
in London morning.

10
 W rifl 11
Editing your work
Always edit your writing carefully you have finished as
careless errors make bad impression the reader.
Wh you read back through r writing, try to find and
correct rr r in word rd r (question forms, objecs of
verbs, adverbs. inversions); spelling (homophones like see
d sea, silent letters, d u letters d irregular plurals);
punctuation (apostrophes, speech marks, fuIl stops, question
marks); vocabulary (especially prepositions, collocations and
hr s l verbs); and gr mm r (tenses, r forms, 9erunds
and infinitives, ti l s, conditionals).

Tick the correct sentences and rr t the wrong ones in your notebook.
1 Some cele ities will stop at nothing to in the i . !
2 Have you got press pass.
h r rt r Spent all night working the Story.
4 Why does the r s t r look so seriously?
5 Twenty people arrested tonight following street fight.
6 John is said that he is success { ul editor

Read the newspaper extract and writing task below and then answer the questions.
h edr'tor ofThe City Times wants to know wh t readers'
CITY TIMES opinion is of the incident. Shou/d stars h the rght to act
Celeb arrested after striking photographer wh their privacy is invaded, r do the public have right tc
It seems soap star Yvette BarkeT cant always see how th ir favour'te stars //' i real life? Write letter to
handle being in the limelight. the ws r and gi 'D r Editor,'.
cele ity was
arrested outside supermarket yesterday after
hitting photographer with healry bag. h
1 What is the newspaper extract about?
star protested at h r arrest saying that it was 2 Why has the newspaper dit r asked for readers' letters?
shocking t photographers could take pictures what two issues should the letter deal with?
Without permission, 4 will the letter written in an i f rm l or formal
register? Why?

kead the model letter and { ind and correct ten errors.

De Editor,
I m WIiting ln Iespon e to I leq est for ]ettels following YYette k I I t arrested. I woulrl
like to shaTe m views the subject,
Filst ofall, it ls often aid that fans are ju tified in want to l w what theil f rit cele ities are
like in r l life, AfteT all, fans spend lot of time and m them and ensule they stay in u i
. As result, their is huge market fol StoIieS Ievealing th personal lifes ofthe Iilh a;d f m s.

on the other hand, it is undelstandab]e that peTsonalites want their pfivacy. whether stars sh ld
take action t inyasions oftheiT privacy is valid qu ti ? w their complains should
made in appTopriate way and_hurting anothel peIson is f r from acceptable, No d u m
l , including fans, will puzzle rk actions,
conclude, it is t r l that fans want to k w evel } thing about celebTities. m rs ofthe press
must Ie pect tars wishes, though, d ask peImis ion to take photos, so that unfortunate incidents
avoided.
Yours faithfully,
Tony Nugent

104
 -ook again !

) Tick the things the Writer has done.

1 used the rr t register
2 answered the questions i the task ]

expressed his ideas i illogical order

4 stated his i i l rl in the conclusion t]
5 used the passive voice to sound more objective
6 used appropriate greeting and signing off t]
i circle the correct Words to comPlete the r gr h plan for the model |etter.
r 1: State the r s for writing / your opinion.
Para 2: Di cuss Whether fans / stars have the right to Iearn about famous l private lives.
r i Discuss whether fans / stars have the right to take action when their privacy is invaded,
r 4: Sum up / l t du and state your opinion.

F Use appropriate word or phrase from the Usaful Expressions to complete

Ll s -U
the sentences. Sometimes more than one answer is ssi . ln formal Writing, u5e the
passive voice to make your
1 d u , bigger rise will follow next year. Writing more formal and to
2 Wh th r you have right to print gossip is ( ) question. present your ideas in more
objectiVe Way. careful to
Said that newspapers r thing of the past.
Use the appropriate verb
4 lf it Mr Jones, Grant would not have job. form and tense for the
5 lt i5 say that ll journalists are highly paid. subject, the auxiliary r ]
d the past participle. :

. ._.. .,. _.__.__,,..,..l

Over to you!
:r5'
G Read the newspaper extract and writing task below and make r gr h plan for your letter. Remember
to check your work carefully for errors when you h finished.
) act
ight to
editor ofThe City Times wants to know what
h
:er to r d rs'
i i is of this issue. Wh do some TV
CITYTIMES persona/ities receive such /arge sa/aries, and is it u f ir
Shock at newsreader's massive rise to th r hard-working / ? l'y'rite /etter to the
newsreader Mary McGuire found herself in ws r and gi 'D r dit '. ('120-']80 words)
tte s? the news today as huge row k out following
the announcement ofher annual rise. Mccuire
iS set to take h m eathtaking $2.5 million
this year Some say that the rise iS completely
u t given the current economic crisis.
|utl { ,\ r ss\ s
Presentinq argument5 in imper5onalWay
lt iS natural/shocking/understandable/
unfair that/to ...
... islare reported/said to ...
lt is often reported/said that ...
No doubt Vithout doubt ...
lt cannot denied that...
... i5 valid question/point
justified in
h fact ofthe matter is ...
lf it Was not for ..., ... Would (not) ...
lt WoUld Seem/appear that ..,

105
 Before you watch
How m h do you know about films? Look at the statements below and write
for true or F for false.
1 h Academy Awards@, known as the s s@, have presented u ll
since 1 927 the Academy { Motion i tur Arts and Sciences. !
2 Chadie Chaplin was American and h was r i 1900. !
h first films with sound were called ta/kies. -
4 h fi st documentaries w r called actua/ity films-

While you watch

Watch the DVD and circle th words you hear.
1 ln the 9'
']
tur , inventors learnt that they could r t moving images showing series / succession of
pictures very quickly.
2 People could bill / fee to iook into the m hi and watch simple movies.
3 crowds of l went to see their productions / films, and new 'movie palaces'were built to show them i .
4 Atthe gi i g o { the 20' century, film / movie dir t rs beganto record r happeningsand im t t events
5 Actors, lighting, and computer simulation / animation r now used to teach us about the real wor]d,

After you watch

Complete th summary of the DVD below using these words.
W r begin depicting ri followed globe medium S ri s Sophisticated
F r m r than hundred rs, film has of the world's favourite kinds of
ente tainment. Films let us (1) adventures in faraway places and see
things we have r seen before. ln the late19'h century, inventors produced machine
caJled kinetoscope. This showed a(n) (2) of images very quickly. { t r
paying fee, l could look into the kinetoscope and watch the { irst kinds of film.
The kinetoscope was soon (3) the film pro,iecto.. r ,j t rs were
used in the world's first cinemas. The first films w r based the simple excitement
of (4) movement. The subjects were simple, f example moving
trains. w r, { ilms soon became m r (5) and complex.
th 1920s there were m studios producing films, and film 5t rs, including Charlie
Chaplin and ry Pickford, became famous (6)
Early films also provided different kind of service, d simple entertainment.
Documentary film makers made films about th news, about historical events, about
presidents and explorers. These rl documentaries helped make l
(7) of their world. h informed them of things h i g
]
around the (8) l th days before television thi5 was very
important and it meant that film was used as ( ) (9) for
l i i g the world. lt offered l different view of their h m planet.
l l hundred years, film and documentary making have changed dramatically.
We l (10) to imagine what the future of film
making holds for future generations.
Actors and r w shoot
scene for film in
D Discuss these questions with rt r.
Mexico city in 1951.

l { you could make documentary film, what subject

would you choose?

I
What do you think has been the most important fi]m
i history? Why?
]

106

l
 Units 7 & 8

Match.
] s u d ]
flash

2 sports ]
scale

news u ti
4 sales f d gi r
5 l i r 9 r

f f stone
L

6 flash
7 Richter g line
8 h i! h mm t r
9 fault iflood
10 forest
j figures

circIe the correct words.

] Apparent , it quite calm i the of / fr m the hurri .
2 h rr s d t realised h was at / in deep water when he heard the bomb explode.
The writer was snowed u d r / over with the film adaptation he had to do.
4 She walks u d with her head up / in the clouds and doesn't realise what's happening r u d h .
5 When is the publisher going to i g out / the new book?
6 Peter is r down to / at earth d realistic ai out everythin9.
7 l tuned u d r / ut half way thr ugh the conversation because it was so i g.
8 We went to pick out / up the hildr fr m school f r the st rm st t d.

Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in bold.
1 They talked to the and he's g d to host the show. PRESENT
2 Sh l we get for this weekly newspaper? SUBSCRlBE
Doctors without Borders is ( ) that h l s l in areas where
natu.a1 di5asters have happened. oRGANlsE
4 He's extremely and likes to chase tornados across the tr . ADVENTURE
An ea,tnquake is [ lh r s forces of t r , DESTROY
6 How ate hurricanes fr m m l thunderstorms? DIFFER
7 waves tre extremely powerful. TIDE

l 8 lS it expensive to put ( ) in the newspaper? ADVERT|SE

D Complete the sentences using these words.

aftershock b[izzard cruSt landslide magnitude tornado Wildfi e
1 h was huge after the main ea thquake.
2 h rth's is moving all the time,
The earthquake r h d ( ) of 7.2, so it was huge.
4 Heavy rains caused { loods and a(n) i the area which covered the village.
h resulted in metre of snow and damage to many houses in the town.
6 destroyed whole city as it w through it.
7 ( ) burnt huge expanses of { orest last Summer.

1 7
 Units7 &

complete the sentences with the gerund r the rr t form of the infinitive. use the verbs in brackets.
1 ls it worth (talk) to h r? She is stubborn and won't change h r mind.
2 h journa ist was made ( sw r) questions about his video the loca police officer
we had better (dr in) and see if Grandma is better.
4 John suggested (issue) bad-weather warning but his colleagues disagreed.
5 Will the u ish r let us (print) the article in the college newspaper?
6 Luckily, Susan r r m r d (tune i ) and listen to h r favourite radio programrne,
7 would like (write) book about his hometown some day.
Are you tough enough (get) close to the action?

circle the correct words.

kilatrea v i
lVany is ands have made volcanoes and (1) the most / the more often they ru t, the
more the islands gr w in sizel lceland d Hawaii r some examples { (2) so / such amazing
thing. h islands of Hawaii rose out of the sea as result of volcanic activity on the ocean { l r,
The(3)lar9est/ g r island - Hawaii consists of five volcan oes, of the l s on the
is]and, Mt Kilauea, is still active and is the (4) m r / most active V l earth. Since ']954
there have 34 eruptions, and since January 198 , volcanic activity has continUous.
This volcano is (5) so / such easy to r h that the HaWaii Volcano Observatory actually , g
doing r s r h right the mountain. lt is also safe (6) too / ugh for v;sitors to climb and
for this reason it is the (7) most / too visited l in the world. The summit of the volcano is
high because eruptions h more frequently there than at th r locations on the vo]cano.
The future of Ki]auea looks like the past. h m r eruptions, the (8) hi9hest / higher the
volcano will go.

complete the second sentence' so that th have similar meaning to the first sentences.
use th words in bold.
1 h l s Richter invented the Richter scale in 19 5.

h Richter scale in '19 5.

2 co]umnists hate their editors telling them what to write.
told
columnists hate What to Write their editors.
Wh is lVark s article supposed to Written?
to
when is lvark his article?
h should issue tornado w r i 9,

tornado warning
h will have done th filming this evening.
will
h filming this evening.

108
&t
article, missing sentences
Work-related Words, coIlocationS & expressions, PrepositionS
reported speech: statements, questionS, commands and requests, reporting verbs
multiple matching
talking about work, comparing photographs, considering alternatives
r rt, presenting fact al information

.:

,1
l
i
 d\ q
Describe the folIowing jobs using these adjectives or
any.otheTs you can think of. Would you like to do
of the jobs?
ri g dead-end exciting exhaUSting manuat
r w rdi g stressfut wett-paid
. doctor . office worker
. factory worker photographer
. journalist . Sales assistant
. nurse . teacher

Work i pairs. Think of job and get your partner to

ask questions to find out which job it is. You r only
allowed to answer y s or No.

Read the article t i h l yamashita.

which sentence best describes Michael's arrest: to make
attitude toward his job? noti 'omebody
d
' mtothi
atte tion it g
finds ;t exciting.
thinks it well-paid. fr mi g: where the
h t gr h sets the
lt is Stressful most of the ti r , rd r' of h t 9r h

Michael Yamashita has combined his two passiorrs of photogTaphy So r,\ at iS the S I t to Michael's success? I was cuTiou.
and travel for r 25 yeaTs as photogfaPher. fo N riorr1 to knor,v what he thought made good photogTaph.
Ceographic g zi
, In 1999, assignment fol seIies of 'In the case of N fiollal GeogTaphic Mag :ilzc,, I like to
aTtic]es on PoIo took him f m Venice thTough ITaq cail thern 'page stoppers', The1, picttrres ,ith such
and Afghar-ristan to the iS]ands of Southeast Asia. His otheT gleat visua1 impact that the vieWeI has to StoP tulnin8
assignrnents have included travelling the length of the GTeat Wall the pages. Y u'r alTTestcc1 the h.d il]& th; t8ht,
of ( hina and through lapan, t l ur, the,ubjecl,al)d)ou\tarl.atit,
Yamashita says, it's iinPoltant to
r t *,i
'in th Tight J
l phologr.rpher 4 F r
to gei me, thal i\ ideaI piclurc.'
the ight subject at the right time.' 1 'PTofessionai
I asked him which photos fr m his car.eer he was
h ( gr h r" ; r paid lo Illcl r ]' he t ,,
paTticulaTly fond of. 'one time I WaS in little village
Michael m paid to lu k these days, but he hasTl't spent in Tajikistan, waiting to Shoot somethi1-1g at sunTise foT
the hole ot bi" r .
r h r, l a*ked hlm h
h t g lle aTticle or,] Polo,'he said. .I was wancter.ing
had ( inlere,ted in photograplhl in lh il,t Placc, l5 l about with nobody ar.ound when I saw kid l,alkiig
four, rs i J in the eaTly '70s, and t , of those rs I d , the Toad, h , more kids joined him. , 5
was teachlng,'he rcplied. ' lr r M,as huge demand in 1 lh lh *u rr * riti gbehirld m , lt \ .l5 c\tremel\
]apan
for Englisfu' he says. 'And it was
8Ieat job. But the Teal reasorr bright, .rnd foctr.ed th , kids, lr \ ou | |. al lhat
l.,v!,as thele \,\,aS to
8et in touch ,ith m Ioots, GI ,i 8 uP in i lu , th shadow i5 righl behind lh m, h t m ,
the United States n,ith JaPanese name and face, I r ieally that they cal']'t see m s I'm irr the glaTe of the
[eIt l00 rt t m ri , 2 5 , It .lUd) in8 11itt Sun. So, I got vely tul l i tuI of Lhem preparing
in the States, I decidecl to go tJj and have - ri foT schoo] in incTedible light,'
of living theTe.'
so what drives Michael to achieve excellerrce in his
So did Michael buy his first while i japan?'I did,'
m r fie]d? told m that thele Wasn't much economic
he says. 'Like l amateul, I bought m r to basically motivation gi the difficulty in selling i t r s, so I
r rd tr hal l s .eein8 .rnd doing, to d PiclUret k to asked him what he thought it took to m gl t
family and fTiends. I spent s m time leaTning about it, and pho]ographer 'What it takes is basically passion-.
I iu < l got r .lll 5 d |h wholc r t
,,, 6 l Especlally today, witb competition being rl,,hat
,) piclures got ll r. PeoPle told me l,bouId.ho* ihern it is, to stlccess you really have to eat and drink
to otheI Photographers,' he explained. Eventrrally, h met photography. It's passion that drives
agent and decided he Wanted to ]] u folward,'And
pTofessional, and he if there's one thing that Michael Yamashita certainly
hasn't looked back since. h s. it's * < i lor hi. art.
110
gr l,.- J Six sentences have been removed from the text. choose from the Ll s -U
sentences A-G the whi h fits h gap (1-6). Tbere is one extra Wh you have decided
Sentence whi h you do not need to use. Which misSing Sentence fitS
in 9 , read the paragraph
Then, u'r like to r d th captions and drawn into reading the who story.
again inclUdjng the miSSing
BUt sometimes good fortune can play important r l . 5_ontence to make sur that it
lfollowed them, and they ended up i this schoolyard,
D h m r l got into photography, the m r l loved it.
But h was r d i material g i ,
F You have to really obsessed your r ft.
G We were the only Asian family i the town wh r l lived.

j et the meaning !

: Replace the words and phrases in bold with others from the text that h the same meaning.
1 had job photographing the Great Wall of China, (para '1)

2 Michael Yamashita isn't an amateur photographer. (para 1)

3 is crazy about h t gr h , ( r )
4 h t gr h r needs 9ood representative, ( )
5 This picture that l am really taken with. ( r 5)
6 His reason for doing it iS that h oves it, ( r 6)

Do you think it's impo tant to passionate about ur job?

t from being passionate about ur job is there anything else m r impo tant?
What sort { jobs could you feel passionate about?

aL1l'l o1,1:
Yamashita is particu|arly
fond of this photo
ih of group of Tajik
,to
schoolchildren preparin9
sLl h for s h l.
i], itlg
ilt, tbc

l]1.1ge
lsc'for
-in g
iking

::,emc]r
:h t

: lhc
..] rir,]g

]iS
lic
.,soI
: t

q rr,hat
; l<
.'.,' Anc]
]r.

;;
 Y V l r
circle the correct words.
1 Please welcome ur main spokesman / speaker for tonight's business meeting, Ms Sheila Grant.
2 h general m g r used the mis of m car as ( ) i / incentive to his sales team.
3 oh, did ltell you that one of the b,onuses / perks of the job is ur own parking space?
4 l most Western countries, w rk rs receive si / benefit when they h certain age.
5 Graham was retired / fired f r constantly coming in late.

Match h sentence 1-6 with the sentence that logically follows a_f.
1 l wouldn't advise you to take that high-riskjob.
2 Before we consider you for the job. we'll need two references. !
l b,elieve l am s it position.
candidate for the
4 Let me introduce you to of m colleagues. !
5 She realiy wants the position.
6 Hundreds of workers were made redundant last month.
The m
l have
simply had no work f r them to do.
diploma i social w rk as well aS three years' ri .
*t {
You could seriously injured, and wh r would that leave your family?
d r and l have working together for years now.
lt everything she's r wanted in job: travel, m
,
and glamour
f rh s you could get them fr m your previous employers.

choose the correct answers.

h i wanted
Tom Stephens had l working at the mine
for four months when the i told the w rk rs
they w r going (1) indefinitely, Poor
working conditions and very low weekly (2)
w r what had led the i leader to make his
decision. Tom had (3) f rl r
before h got this,job. Now once 9 i he was in
ditficult situation as there would u til
the strike ended. How would h s t his wife
and children? Never to give up, however,
1 walk out strike revolt
m 2 Wa9eS salaries incomes
g s hi g the r employment section 3 u w rk unemployed unoccupied
every morning for (4) 4 works spaces vacancies
while h came across countless adverts for 5 h l r assistant volunteer
(5) w rk, it seemed paying jobs were bit employment hiring work
h rd to come . h day, when he had 7 application interview qUestioning
just about given up h , he spotted advert in 8 hard workers works work force
the local r for mechanic, Despite having
skills i this profession, Tom went down to the
(6) 9 to l for the job. his su prise,
D Do you agree with these statements? Compare your
he received call few days later inviting him answers with partner's.
for ( ) (7) . Tom and the g 9 owne1 Doug . ' ll w rk and l , makes Jack dull .'
Brown, hit it off immediately. After telling Tom that (Anonymous)
there was always room { or (8) in his garage, ' , for the sake of getting living, forget to live.'
Doug ff r d him the job. Tom gladly accepted. ( rg r t Full r)
'Nothing will work unless you do.'(Mlaya Angelou)
'Choose job you love, and you will never have to work
day in your life,'(Confucius)
112
 Reported Speech: Statements
When we report speech we usually move the tense
back into the past. Complete the t .

D h g the direct speech into reported

speech.
1 ' sister Wants to hire h t gr h r for
h r weddin9,' she told h r friend.
she told h r friend
carefull
Verbs in the Past rf Simple and Past Perfect Continuous 'We've decided to apply for jobs abroad,'
and the modal verbs would cou/d and mght do not h g in the couple said.
r rt d speech. The couple said
R d Speech: Changes i time and place
3 'She was working as nurse when l met her,'
We also usually h g words that show time and John said.
l . Complete the t . John said

'Why was fired?' l asked.

l asked

' h employees are expecting rise

next month,' he said.
said

'When is this m going to hire m r

l ?' he asked.
asked

7 'Does this m have the right

qualifi cations?' asked the businessman,
r f l!
The businessman asked
t from the h g s in tenses and Words that show time and place,
we also h g pronouns and possessive adjectives if necessary.
8 'Mr Wilson m promoted this m th.'
5 R d Speech: Ouestions colleague told me.
pied colleague told me
eS Look at how these questions are reported and notice
what changes occur.
'Does he r good salary?' l asked.
l 9 l asked iflwhether he r d good salary. Find the mistakes i the reported speech
r and th rewrite the s t 5 correctly
'Why did you leave your,job?' h asked m . i your notebook.

your
asked me wh l had left my job. 1 l asked when had he appiied f r that job.
2 The direcor said that the m had
Complete the rules. done well this year.
We usually use the verb to r rt questions. lf
question begins with question word, then we use it i the 3 Tom told us that his parents had retired
two yearS ago.
r rt d question. lf question doesn't have question word, we
use _ r in the r t d question. The 4 We asked John if he will get the job.
w rd rd r changes when we report question. 5 She said me the wages had paid the
work - previous day.
Read 9.1-9, of th Grammar Reference pages 172-17 before 6 l asked where Jane can .
you do the ta5k5.
- 11
Lis*c \ 1
Ll s -U
choose the correct answers. LiSten out for'red herrings'
thin95 that can mislead yoU
1 lf someone says, ' job is not exactly exciting', they m it's into thinking something is
quite ri g very exciting true Wh it i5n't, SpeakerS
2 lf s m says, ' job is very rewarding', they mean they . ,
often Say 50mething ne9ati,,:
and 50methin9 positive in
get satisfaction fr m it r well paid
the 5ame sentence, so listen
l{ someone says, 'l'm passionate about my work', they mean they carefully f r the r ll
love theirjob hate th ir.j meaning ofWhat they 5 ,

lf someone says, 'l only w rk because it's ss r ', they mean they
choose to w rk h to work
lf someone says, '|'d rather have d g r us job than ri g '. they mean they r f
to take risks to bored

(' Lirt"n to these speakers and circle or depending which sentences are correct.
1 The speaker r s iot { m .
The speaker doesn't r lot { m .
2 The speaker thought the course was useful,
The speaker didn't think the urs was useful.
3 The speaker didn't like his previous collea9ues,
The speaker iked his previous colleagues.
4 The speaker was l ki 9 f rw rd to the course.
The speaker wasn't looking forward to the course.
5 h speaker thinks she'll find similar job in the f t r .
The speaker doesn't think she'll find similar job in the future.
6 The speaker learnt lot
The speaker didn't l r lot,

(' Y u'lt h r five people talking about their jobs. F r questions ] -5, choose fr m the list -F how h perso.
feels about their,iob. Use the letters only once. There is extra letter which you do not need to s .
1 S k 1 | Regrets r r choices made earlier in life
2 Speaker 2 t] l works us it 55 r
Speaker t] Has the career that h /sh had always wanted
4 Speaker 4 D Doesn't need m , but works out of choice
5 Speaker 5 .i 5 his/herjob us it is helping th rs
F r f rs to bored at w k than to take risks
 9 k\ 1
Work with partner and answer these questions.
. what job would you like to h in the fut r ?
. lf you had to h s between satisfying ,job and well-paid , which would you choose?
]95'- . Would you like to do some volunteer work? lf so, where?
gi5
( 5 Look at the list of aspects of job. Decide if th are advantages
Igative or disadvanta9es. Write (advanta9es) or D (disadvantages).
) in
1 stressful 5 disappointing Ll s -U
isten
Don't ju5t give -W d
2 well-paid 6 tiring anSWer5. AnSWer the questionS
exhausting / Satlstyln9 giving reaSons and expanding
4 r w rdi g 8 boring t] on your ideas. make the
diScU55ion m natural, uS
expression5 to 9ive yourself time
to thi k.
Work with partner and answer the questions about th photographs.
of you should Student and th other should Student .
Remember to use the Useful Expressions.

student : m r photos 1 u think the

and 2 and say how l r feeling,
student : lf you had to choose between working in business r in the medical field, which
would you r th r do? Why?

Student : m r photos and 4 and say how these people's jobrs r different.
Student : lf you had to choose b,etween working in m ut r sciences r in teaching, which
would you r th r do? Why?
Us | l r ssr s
,.,. considering alternatives
on the hand, ... .
\t
the other hand,... .
Discuss these questions with partner. Although it true that .,.,
you could also say,,. ,
Would you r th r have job that was dangerous or ri g? Some might say ..., but
What r some jobs that think would { un? othersthink....
ls ri r education m r important when l i g { r new job?
Do you believe that some,jobs r suita e l for m and some l for women?
Why? Justi { y your answer with examples and reasons,
115
Collocations & Expressions
choose the correct answers.
1 lf you work shifts, you work
part-time
either during the day r night
2 When m lays off workers, it
makes staff redundant
hires more staff

3 When companies l h new product, they

withdraw new product from the market

make new product available to the public
lf you reject an offer, you
decide the offer isn't im t t 9h f r U
to sid
decide to accept it because it's good offer
lf you need Lo take staff, you
need more staff to complete the work you have
need fewer staff to complete the w rk you have
When you get the sack, you Prepositions
r told you've got promotion
r told to leave
Complete the sentences with the prepositions.
ur,job Some prepositions used more than once.
comPlete the sentenceS usin9 the collocations about at f in of to With
and expressions from in the rr t form.
we must find solution the staffino
1 John will if h keeps on m ll costs.
being late every day. me
You can't blame the m
2 When companies they being d .
always hope it will sell well. S ll reaction the redundancies
3 We despe ately need to took me surprise
if we're going to meet these deadlines. h m will you
id
4 The l rg st factory in the area i5 9 i g to special u i { rm.
_ half its employees! He's been out work { r rs.
5 Never until you have fact, h h s 't had job since 2005,
thought it through r rl . my i i , who don't get
l
- sometimes h to work time don't r
works from '] 0 pm to am, and sometimes from their job.
amto2pm. behalf of my colleagues, l would like
to congratulate u __ r promotion
mana9er.
You must try h rd if you want to succeed
r hi the too
your h s careel

D Do you agree with these statements? Compare

your answers with rt r .
. lt i5 r important to do m k t r s r h f r
launching new product. Otherwise it might
t sell.
, . l don'tbelieveyou should getthe sackjustfor
- being late. |t's not biq dea|, is it?
t . lf rs works th night shift it Will atfect
his/her health eventually.
 Repo ed Speech: Commands Reported Speech: R i g Verbs
& Requests
Tell, say and ask are the most mm reporting verbs.
Read th s s t s and notice However, there are other reporting verbs that we use to
what changes r in the repo ed report what someone says m r accurately. Read the example
sentence . of direct speech and then tick which reported s t sounds
'Don't late for work!' his boss said.
better. Why?
His boss told him not to late for work. 'l give you my word that l will help you,' she said.
'Fill in your details on this form, please,' She promised to help me. !
the interviewer said. She said she gave m h r word that she would help me.
The interviewer asked me to fill in m
details on the f rm. Complete these sentences with advbed or refused.
'l won't accept that job ff r,' he said.
Complete the rules. _ to accept th job ff r.
We change the imperative in commands
d q Sts to
'You should apply for the job,' h said.
in r rt d speech, We usually use
aS the reporting
_ me to apply for the job.

r f r commands and we usually use r f l!

as the reporting verb h r rti g verbs advise and refuse are followed infinitive. other
for requests. reporting r s r followed gerund.
careful! 'l didn't steal the money,'the young m said.
Remember that ll other changeS that ur h young m denied stealing the m .
Wh reporting statements also apply for Read 9,4-9.5 of Grammar Reference page ?73 before you do tlre task.
commands and requests.
) s.
. D h g the direct speech into r rt d speech.
1 'Make effort to finish the r t tomorrow,' he said.
rffing told us
2'Don't { orgetto l an adve tforthejobvacancy" shesaid.
l Sh told me
3 'Please time for u meeting this ft r ,' he said.
S asked me
4 'Don't waste time sur { ing the Net during w rk hours,'the m 9 r said.
The manager told us
5 'Get in touch with the sales department for in { orrnation,' the shop assistant said.
1005.
The shop aSSistant told me

get 6 'Please make appointment with the m g r if you want to see him,' she told m .
she asked me

d like Change the direct speech into reported speech u5ing these reporting verbs.
ti
advised apologised denied offered reminded suggested
1 'l didn't make
- mistake in the r t,' the u t t said.
h u t t
2 'Remember to lock the door before going home,' he told me.

) r 3 'Let'S promote [v]rS Jennings to m g r,' said the director.

h director
r 4 'Shall lcali the applicant?' the secretary asked.
:
h secr tarv

)r
'l'm so sorry that l'm late for work again|' she said.
She
_,ct 'You should get r f r { r m your last employe1' she said to h r th r.
She
117
 W rrfl 11
Presenting factual information
When you w it r rt, you have to present factual
in { ormation in clear way with appropriate headings d
clearly stated aim. You usually have to discuss your observations
about what has already h d and make recommendations
for future action. As the report should written in formal
register, you should try to present ur ideas as objectively
as ssi without exag9eratin9 r being too critical or
enthusiastic. You should also avoid rs l, colloquial l g g
and use l rm l StrucLures like th passive voice.

Write for heading, for observation or R for recommendation.

1 lt was felt that reduction in working h urs was necessary. tj
2 The standard of training was r ow.
3 Working conditions ]
4 solution would to take on extra staff.
5 ll employees shouid r i increase in salary.
6 solutions and recommendations
.l

Read the writino task below and underline the key words. How m things are you asked to do in the
task? What are they?
Y u h d temporary position as teaching assistant i rim r school as part of ur college studies. Y ur college
teacher has asked u to writ r t r ri focuslng hea/th a dsafety m rs because um r
j
accidents h d during your time th r , Sh has a/so asked you to suggest some so/utions. ('1 20-1 80 words)

Read the model r and circle the most aPProPriate words. h t these headings in the correct | .
lnt oduction Recommendations f r f t action G r t organisation Supervision of
Health & Safety at Barnsley Primary chool

The aim of this report is to say what (1) was wrong with / l didn't ]ike about
health and safety issues while l was working 5 teaching assistant at
r sl Primary School,

h most (2) serious r m with / horrible thing about health d sa { ety

was the lack of supervision of pupils. F r instance, during ks teachers
( ) w r rarely duty / r hung out in the playground. consequently,
fights and accidents often happened,

(4) Furth rm r , / d th r thing, the s h l day-to day running caused

r . F r example, the building was cleaned just before school g .
]
As result, four pupils and two teachers h d serious accidents because they
.'
i
slipped wet floors. Also. the s h l gates were left u l k d
]
so that (5) anybody could walk in / outsiders d t r the schoo ,

l conclusion. safer environment for pupils and staff is r im t t. Two

or three t h rs should supervise pupils i the playground during ks.
Similarly (6) the gates shou d locked / someone sh u d ock the gates
every morning. Fi ll , general cleaning should done after school hours
to r t accidents.
1,18

t
 - cok again !

) Read the model report again and write (true) or F (false).

] The aim of the report is not l l stated.
2 The r rt covers all parts { the task.
Two r gr hs have , Used for ob,Servations t
4 Similar ideas are dealt With together. L
5 h conclusion includes several r mm d ti s. t]
i Write the correct paragraph m r from th model report next to these descriptions.
Discuss the most serious issue. t ]
Sum up the main points and make some suggestions. !
State the purpose ofthe r t.
d Discuss th r issue.
i Complete the definitions with some of the Useful Expressions.
1 iS the money an m l gets r m th.
2 is short rest during working hours.
t iS the en,ioyment person gets out of his r her r r.
4 i5 the time U spend at work.
q is something you receive in addition to your wages r s l r .
6 r times which something must done.

Cver to you !

,]
G Read th writing task below and make paragraph L| s -U
| for your report. Remember to present r When Writing report, u5 f m l linking Words
information in clear way and to use headings. and hr 5 5 to t Ur idea5, Furthermore, /
9 qddition, what is more d Moreover dd information.
lber of Y u had surnrner job i cafeteria, which you didn't /ike 5 result, consequently andTherefore result.
at //. h r g r has asked you to write report ut 'h w
Onthe other h d, However, lth gh andThough
what cou/d d to make it better piace to Work introduce an opposite idea. F r 5td For m I
('120-180 words) ' . and such 5 i t du examples ofa previou5 idea,
lIace. Finally,ln lusi , lud d sum up ri g
the report to end.

U | l ( r 5s\ 5
Recommending and 5uggesting
l 5uggest/recommend that ...
one solution Would to ...
lt W uld good idea to ...
Work and working conditions
bad/good atm05phere
benefit5/perk5
bonuSes
breaks
deadlines
facilitie5
job satisfaction
relation5h jp5 With colleagUeS
salary
Working environment
Working h rs
 Before you watch
Discuss these questions.
. Look at the photo of rk Thiessen. is wildfire h t gr h r, Can you guess
what wildfire h t gr h r does and describe it?
. What do u think are th good and bad points of Mark's.job?
. What kinds of skills does good h t gr h r need?

Whil you watch

watch the DvD and decide i{ these statements are true or false. write for true and F for false.
1 Nationa/ Geographic photographer, Mark Thiessen, g ts to h t gr h wild animals.
2 Every summer rk drives east to photograph wildfires.
3 A'fire whirl' occurs wh some ofthe flames start twistin9 together. creating fire tornado, !
4 rk goal is to h t gr h the l who have the tough responsibility of fighting fi s.
5 rk thinks that the sight of trees damaged fire can tre quite beautiful, almost magical.
6 Every time h finishes taking photog raphs { fire, he { eelstiredand really depressed.

After you watch

Complete the summary ofthe DVD below using these words.
majo ity ti r opportun!ty

Mark Thiessen is Nationa/ Geographic

photoqrapher. h (1)
of his pictures are of things Iike dinosaur
bones or l , but during the summe1 h
h t 9r hs forest fires. drives quickly
fr m l to l , interviewing firefighters
and taking pictures. Wildfires frequently
(2) in the USA during the
summer, and they r (3)
f r l being injured or losing their homes.
Mark had k w h wanted to
h t gr h r r since h was child.
Used to liSten to police radio messages at night
and wh r he heard of fire, he would wake
his mum and they would (4)
to see it. of the r s s wh l\4ark is
so interested in fires is because they are
unpredictable. thinks that makes them interesting, but also absolutely (5)
rk also has second (6) he is ( ) (7) and wildland
firefighter too - the rf t mix f being wildfire photographer. When Mark is with the firefighters,
he { eels rt of team, team that does very (8) job. Being r f st fires
gives him the (9) to take the best photographs. Even though Mark knows that fires
have the ('l0) to destroy lot of iand, he is amazed their beauty.
li

D Discuss these questions with partner.

. Some people risk their lives to make living? Would you? Why? y'y'hy t?
. Does it take special type { rs to do dangerous job?
. Being wildfire photographer is dangerous job. What other dangerous jobs you think of?
]i d]i g: article, muItiple-choice questions
!] (:]a;]][_'lij i;; i 1l: holiday- & travel-related words, word formation & hr s l verbs
,i, " a,-ltT,ai, " conditionals: zero, first, second & third, mixed conditionals, conditionals without
if , wish &if I
.i..si: :] : ;l g.:: multiple-choice questions
5nea i:i ig: talking about holidays, decision making, stating r f r s & giving reasons
'il,i . ii il,|i : article, adiectives

i
lll

Which of the following countries would you like to visit?

Rank them from ] to 8, (1 = ur favourite; 8 = your least
favourite). Which is the most popular and the least
popular place with your classmates? Draw bar h rt to
show th results.
Australia
lce and
!
ru ] Thailand ]
PortUqa ] the united states

S the rti l to find out what the average winter

temperature is in lceland.

rIi _! t: the g u of
elected people i t
who m k r change laws
the Narthel Ligllts:
! d lights often 5
i the night ;ky in places
r the r ti ir l
eJacier: l rg mass af
ice, f m d s w
m u t i s that moves r
slowly d w valley
fr ttit: r k r below
the Earth's surf

Located in the North At antic , lceland is Europe's r heated natural]y undergroUnd Volcanic activity, ] fact,
Westernrnost country, With the st northerly capita] city in r8 produced these 5 ri g5 is converted into electricity
the World, Vikin8 l r r5 migr t d here fr m rth r Europe Which provides power and heat f r e's home5 d
m r than thouSand r5 ago. When they establiShed the bUsineSSe5, AS re5Ult, lceland ur S Very little fossil fue1,5uc-
Wor d's first pal ia .ert. The country'S nationa 8u g can 5 oi and 8as, and has some of the eanest air in the W r d,
sti ] traced to the one spoken the vlkings at that tirne. lf only every country cou d ]il(e ]celand]
Today, ]ce]and has popUlat]on of iust r 1 , , of lceland's most popular hot sprin85 is the BJue Lagoon,
5pread over 1 ,O0 squ r ki]ometres. Despite its smal size, hu8e iake of bri8ht u 5eawater iUst outside Reykjavik.
there r m r s 5 to visit this r r rk u tr , Most Surrounded volcanoe5 and ava fields, the ue Lagoon
Visitors' first port of l is the country'S capita, Reykiavik, receiVeS r r than , visitors r. After l g day's
5mall, clean city k W for it5 ourful and stylish architecture. 5]8ht5eein8 or on8 ni8ht of partyin8, ViSito15 r l in the
lf you love culture, you' l l j thi5 place. The city centre la8oon's 5teaming hot Water, Which has V r 8 t m r tu
is fLri of Shop5, art ga lerie5, f s, d bookshops, 2 , of aboLlt 8' . Some ]eve the Wat r5 are to ur rt ir
Reykiavik WaS awarded the tit of ur 's city of cUlture, i lnesses and improve skin qua ity,
than] < s to its impresslve art col]ection5 and TnuseuTns, and
lVe]y ni8ht ife, h r i5 r 8 of outdoor activitie5 to ] elsewhere in the
country part]cU arly l 8 the coast,'lceland is an adventure,'5aic
The good neWS for viSitors iS that lceland's temperatures are
Soi Squire,Whose ce]andic m r8 iSe5 adventure trip5
fairly mild, even in the Winter When they stay at around 4' ,
around the country 'W have ur 'S biggest g .' .5. h r
Durin8 Winter months, nights are long, and tle i\]..ihe n Litrl..
m active volcanoes 5 We l, Skiing and cave explorations r
r visib , lighting Up the night sky With spectacu]ar
diSp , ]n summ r, the country 8et5 most 22 h urs of 8reat things to do,'As g as you have basic caving knowledge
and equip nent, u can l r of lceland's mo5t
day ight, and native lce ande15 and Visito15 alike i partying u r
outdoo15 until dawn. attract]ons - the unusua] ava caves. most of which fo rmed
1 ,O 0 rs 8 , TheTe are al5o ice cave5 f r r r experienced
But there's much m r to lce and than partying. The u t V rs. The be5t known i caves r in Vatnai kl]ll, Vast layer of
iS of the moSt volcanica ly active nationS in the Wor d, ice Which, at ,O sqLrare k] ometre5, is ur '5 ]a.8est glacier.
and there r um r of hot 5prings u d the ]s and. l It's so situated iust above an active vo |
122
 h s th answer ( , , or d) which fits best Ll s -U
according to the text. Wh reading d tactualtext dbout place, f
1 How are the hot springs ofthe Blue Lagoon heated? yoU can expect to 5 information d ut Lhe
following things:the geography (ie, where
the sun jt i5), the Weather, its history, places to see
volcanic activity
and things to do.The questions you h to
l t i l w r answer wiIl mainly about the5e Ihin9s. 5
d fossil fuels prepared for detail questionS,
2 Where you find strange rock formations?
the black-sand beaches
in the city ofvik What iS NoT stated in the text?
in the Thingvellir Valley w ds given to architects.
d i Reykjavik h r is lot { daylight in summer.
h r is very little ir pollution in
wh r is the mid-Atlantic fault most visible? lceland.
Reykjavik d lceland has inhabited { r about
The Blue Lagoon 1,000 years,
Thingvellir Valley
d Geysir What is the writer's opinion of lceland?
h r isn't m h to do there.
lt's small, but it has m a lraclions,
Tourists look down on th mid_Atlantic fault Only cavers enjoy going there,
that runs through Thingvellir National Park. d lt's too cold to visit i winter.
Wh i5 thi5 text r written for?
tourists
scientis
business travellers
d lcelanders

Get the m i g !

D Complete th text below with these

words.
hit t destination rt of catl
s ry sightseeing vehic[e
(1) i lndia is
amazing because the country is land {
contrasts. There's the wonder { ul
(2l of b,uildin9s like
the Taj IVlahal, as well as the stunning
fact,
( ) ,: tropical r i
ricity forests, deserts and beautiful beaches,
Make New Delhi your first
:i. such (4) th hire ( )
lrld.
(5) to l r the
rest of the country. lt'S 9reat
, (6) for tou ists,
I

day's
in the
:rature
(ertain What do th s quotes mean? Do you
f exploring cave5 and gl i 5 doesn't interest you, head south. Ju5t agree with any of them?
outside the town of Vik, check out the hu8 r k f m ti 5
the
,e,'said :hat were once believed to
u
monsters turned into stone, These . 'Tourists don't know wh r they've ,
i s dramatic part of the scenery one of lceland'5 most impressive travellers don't know where they're going.'
, l k-s d beache5. (Paul h r u )
r
r And finall no trip to lce]and Would complete Without visit to
. ' h world is book and those who do not
edge ihe Golden circle, pathway northeast of Reykjavik that connects travel r d only page.' (St Augustine)
r]al Gullfo55 ( huge'Golden Waterfa l'), the hot sprlngs r gl of G sir, . 'lf you reject the food, the customs. fear
d hi 8 lli National k. The rnld-Atlantic fat] t that 5 through th religion and avoid the l , you
)nced and is literal pU ling the is]and apart. Nowhere is thi5 m r might better stay h m .' (James Michener)
of evident than in the Thingvellir Valley, Wh r the l d is actually
aciet Separating and the stony gr u d beneath ur feet frequently m 5.
Hold on while hike!
,l2
 Y V l r
circle the correct words.

h Gi t Causeway
5 , being the world (1)traveller / visitor that u are, you think you've seen l the worthwhile
(2) sites / positions th globe has to ff r? Well, rh s you should think again. N rth r
lr l d, and more specificaily County Antrim, has well-kept secret that it is m r than willing
to share with those tourists who like to get off the beaten ( ) d / track.
Wherever you go in picturesque County Antrim, th s r is delightful, but the Giant's
Causeway in l is not to missed. Consisting { approximately 4,000 interlocking stone
(4) rows / coiumns, the Causeway stretches { r m the base of the cliffs Straight out into the sea.

Legend, and the Causeway's unique (5) formation / r 9 , su99est5 that the 'stepping stones'
w r thr w th r the lrish w rri r Fi l as (6) way / m th d of trave ling to
Scotland to fight his m , d r. Whether of natural r m hi l origin, the Causeway
is must-see f r ll tourists or tr ll rs.

Label the Pictures With these words.

backpack coach t cruise hiking sightseeing

Replace the words or phrases in bold with these words. D Discuss these questions with
partner.
cuisine r itinerary r S rt voyage
you need to get some foreign m
. Do you like trying the l l isi
1 lf , go to the bank and get some.
wh you travel to othe. counL.ies:
2 l am looking forward to trying the local food wh we get to Syria, . when travelling, do you like to
lt Says the programme l got { rom r travel 9 t that we will bre have itinerary or would you
in lVadrid the 23rd of Ju . prefer to find your own way?
r journey sea to England will l g, but don't worry, there'll . Do think it would tt
loads to do on the ship, for tourists if there was one world
currency?
9randparents spent their holidays at very popular holiday place . lf had the choice, would you
for tourists in the r lslands.
th r go cr ise r h
tour?
124
 Conditionals: Zero, First, Second
& Third
Look at these conditional sentences
and answer th questions below.
Zero conditional: lf you { ly first class, you
more money.
First conditionaI: you choose this
lf
holiday, you'll have w d rful time.
Second conditional: lf l went d every
year, l would very happy.
Third conditional: lf l hadn't slept in,
l wouldn't have missed my fli9ht.

which conditional is used to talk about

hypothetical events r situations in the Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verb
past? _ in ackets.
which conditional i5 used to talk
1 you
lf lot of hand
aboUt Something that is likely to
luggage, you won't get tired. (not take)
h i the present r in the future?
2l { theweather i , to rists
h 9reat time sightseeing. ( )
which conditional is used to talk
aboUt something that is unlikely to 3 lf she travelling, she
h in th wouldn't go so m holidays, (not like)
r S t or i the { uture?
4 We_ the coach tour if
Lisa had told us about it. (9 )
which conditional is used to talk about
facts and general truths? _ 5 Wben you the fli9ht
attendant gives you boarding pass. (check in)
Mixed conditionals 6 Y u travel abroad if you
don't h passport. (not , t,l to)
mixed conditional is wh r th two 7 l{ lwere you, l Tahiti. (visit)
clauses in conditional sentence r f r
to different times. Look at this mixed 8 l{ lV m and Dad the
conditional sentence h r carefully, they wouldn't have disappointed
d answer the
questions below. with the holiday. (r d)

lf l had g the excursion, lwouldn't D Complete the mixed conditional sentence for
at school now. h of the
situations below.
1 whi h conditional form is the if clause?
1 um didn't i g her driving licence, so she can't hire car.
which conditional form is the result lf um her driving licence,
clause? she r_

h booked package holiday, so they don't have to

Complete the rules. extra { r meals.
We use mixed conditional to express lf they packa9e holiday,
the present result of hypothetical past they for meals.
ev nt or situation. we { orm this mixed We didn't do sightseeing, so we don't know what th
conditional with /f + city iS like.
+ infinitive.
lf we some sigh eeing, we
J lslne Read 10.1-1 .5 ol the Grammar R f r what the city is like.
nt ies? pages 173-174 before u do the ta9k5. 4 We saved enough m . so we are able to afford
| good hotel.
)u
lf we enough m , we
afford good hotel.
ter
lorld Mum and Dad didn't take u5 to Spain with them. so W 'r
h r with Grandma.
lf um and Dad Us to
l h Spain with them, we h r
with Grandma.
125
[, = ,-r--,|,/:- -' ,l ]t
: h,! i
..i

circle the odd ones out.

1 h t l deck cabin
Ll s -U
Read through the qUestion5 and the
2 location Scenery view
answer option5 before you listen.
3 h Jl g r l m ri Think ut the Sort ofthings the
4 peace { u1 exha sting calming s k might say for each option,
5ometimes the tone ofvoice will help
5 flying trekkin9 hiking you decide too,
6 food p ofits refeshrnent5

Lir*"n to these speakers and match them to the D ( You'll h r people talking in eight different
type of travel. situations. F r questions 1-8, choose the best
S k r 1 t] trekking
answe1 , r .
S k 2 cycling 1 You h woman talking, How is she feeling?
S k r patient
travelling ship
excited
S k r 4 d travelling train d
5peaker 5 L flying
2
Speaker 6 f f driving
You h r young woman talking. Why did she
take the job?
She wanted to enjoy the island.
('Now listen again and write down the words each She wanted to work r guL hours.
speaker used that h l d you find the answers in . She enjoys r em solving.

1 You h r young m talking about an adventure

2
h Went . What Was h surprised about?
that they found some gorillas i the end
how l g the trek took
4 that the guides didn't know where the gorillas
5 Were
6 You h r m talking about holiday resort,
What is he describing?
h w beautiful the r is
mountain go.il[6
the changes that have taken pIace there
c|imbing bamboo
what is l d f r the futu e
You hear t g r talking, Why didn't she enjoy
h r holiday?
She didn't like the place.
The weather was bad.
5h didn't like being with h r r ts.
You h r m talking about journey he's going
to make. How wil he trave ?
train
ship
l
You h r two people talking at ir t. What do
they think is the most likely r s { r the delay?
bad w th r
]ack { rd refreshments
technical r m with the aircraft
You h r young woman talking about trip she
made. Why did she set herself challenge?
because she doesn't like travelling alone
us she doesn't like eating alone
because she doesn't like meeting other travel rs
 ,Peakl a)
-, Work with rt r and sw r these questions.
. When was the last time you went on holiday? L| -U
. Do you r f active or relaxing holidays? persuade
. Would u prefer to stay at hotel or m i g site while holiday? Why?
lf U Want to
the other person that What
. Whi h country would you like to visit? Why? youte saying i5 true, don't :
just state your preference i
Look at the items below that someone might take with them on
or express Ur opinion,
Always justify it giving
camping holiday. Put them in order of how useful th are (1 = most useful; reason .
I

,
8 = least useful). Then, discuss r answers with partner, giving reasons
for your choices.
1 suitcase _] 5 tinned food ]
2 first-aid kit ] 6 camera _]
ent
e5t laptop ll 7 money J
4 torch a 8 t th sh L]
li
- lmagine that you and your friends are l i g camping trip for week in the mountains. First, talk
together about th different items that you could take with you. Then, decide which two are the most
important ones. Remember to use the Useful Expressions.

.i aS

rn]oy

lat do Us | l { r 5s\ 5
( i@il
?
Stating preferences
l think ... i5 much tt r than ...
honest, l'd prefer ...
Discuss these questions with partner. l prefer...-ing to...-ing.
. What r the advantages and disadvantages { h r comparison.l'd m h rather,..
travelling l in comparison with other means of Giving reasons
tr S t? lsaythis because ,..
. Do u think that everyone should travel to at least The main reason for my Saying thi5 is that ...
different continent during their lifetime? ofthe reasons ldecided ... is that...
. Do u agree with the saying ' h journey is more l chose ... because ..,
im t t than the destination'? Wh Vh not? l 5ug9e5t.., because...
 word formation
Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words.
1 Which is tl,e la,gesl Lravel i th LJ ? AGENT
2 h was delayed 0 minutes because of bad weather- DEPART
h { light aTtendant looked at our passes as we qot on the r l . RD
4 h um r of visiting the Acropolis h s dropped 0% this r. TOUR
5 The S gr d Familia in r l is perfect example { Gaudi's ARcHlTEcT
6 The weather was t rri duri g ur flight, so it was surprise that the was bumpy, LAND
7 Gr is actualy very country-you goskiing and mountaineering th r ! MoUNTAllr
8 We w r 't v r pleased with ur in Fr . h apartment wasn't very well-equipped.
ACCOMMODATE

phrasal verbs
Match the phrasal verbs 1_8 to their meanings a_h.
1 get away [] Start j u
2 check in ] board l , train, etc
3 dr off ] arrive at hotel d collect your key
4 set out ] d move fr m pLace to l
5 get i] take someone s m wh r , usually in car or other vehicle, and leave them th r:
6 put up t] f wave goodbye to 5 m leavinq fr m ir t, station, etc
7 get r u d 9 to escape
8 see off h ss m or build something

Complete the travel g with th hr s l verbs { rom i the correct form.

r we go| l'm at Gatwick ir t m rr w we're going to 5 the r i F t i and

waiting to (1) the Coliselm. We "l have to (4)
the l , wh l family came rl if we want to see every.thing though.The hotel
to (2) bus will (5) U5
. l was sad to leave in the city centre at 9 o'clock. r tl , the best
them, but happy to m way! way to (6) the city iS foot,

l arrived at my hotel i Rabat at am, We desperately need some rest, 5 we're on

trut soon r into trouble! l cot]ldn't small island off the coast of crete to
( ) to the hotel until 17\ fr m the wds. we
2 m, so l had to wait f r eight hours in have decided to (8) our
the f opposite, Not qreat staft! tents on the beach, lt so peaceful here.

D Discuss these questions with rt r.

. Have u tried to Put tent? Was it easy? What happened?
I
. Do u like to get away f m the crowds holiday, r do you r { r to
s m wh busy?
. lS th r inte esting architecture in your country? What's it like? Where is it?
. Do you like { lying? Why?/Why not?

128
 conditionals without if
Read the sentences and answer the
questions l w
We'll set off rl provided (that) you
rpacked and ready to go.
We'll set off rl as long as you are
packed and ready to go.
We won't set off rl unless you are Wish & lf only
packed d ready to go. Look at these sentences d answer the questions below.
wish/lf l l knew where the mus um was,
ND 1 Do these Sentences have the same
wish/lf l l had taken the guidebook.
meaning?
lN wish Patrick would stop talking during the tour.
Which word could replace provided
rthat) and as i 9 as? Which sentence(s)
Whi h words could replace unless?
1 refers to the past? __
2 refer to the present r to the future? and
3 expresses dissatisfaction with another person's i g
Now read these sentences and answer habitS. _
th questions below.
We h to set off before o'clock, Complete the r l s.
otherwise we will miss our flight. Wish/lf l is to| |owed past perfect tense to say that we would like
Supposing our passports were stolen situation in the _ to have b,een different, Wbh,4f l is followed
holiday, what would we do? past tense When Situation in the _
there is different to What We
would like it to . We use w h + / r u + + bare
which word i bold infinitive to talk aboUt other l i g habits i the present.
1 m s imagine? Read 10.6-10.7 of lh Grammar Reference page 174 before you
2 means if we d '0 do the tasks.

D Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs i brackets.
1 They themselves at the campsite providing they like being out in tur . (enjoy)
2 As long as we the l l customs, we won't have problems. (respe t)
You must drive r f ll , otherwise you an accident. (have)
4 Unless you through customs, you 't board the l . (go)
5 Providing ri follows the track, he lost. (not get)
6 l'll pack the suitcases as l g as you the house before we leave, (tidy)
7 to Japan unless you m with me. (not move)
Suppose you tired, would you go the t k? ( t )
9 Supposing we earlier, would we have paid so much f r our accommodation? (book)
10 Make list of the things you need the trip, otheMise you something. (forget).

Look at th situations and complete the sentences using the words in bold.
1 Sam forgot h r passport and w sh stuck at the 4 We are guided tour ofthe Acropolis, but
airport. forgotten we can't h r what the guide is saying. speak
sam wishes she her sS rt. we wish the ouide
m trying to relax the m r loudly.
l l, but the children are
making so mu h noise. make We are holidaying i Fr , but lcan't
l wish the children communicate in Fr h. communicate
so mu h is the l. lf only l

3 Mum is always complaining that Dad works l g hours at in Fr h,

the travel 9 . not 6 l am very upset because l lost my m r . lost
m wishes Dad l g lf only l my
hourS at the tr V l a9ency. camera-
129
 Wrifi 4
Adjectives
Make semi-formal descriptive ti l s m r appealing to the
r d rs using strong adjectives. As well as helping to paint
l r r picture of pIaces, l and events, descriptive
adjectives make your writing m r interesting. AIso, use
compound ad,je tives as they help you to describe
something precisely without using too many words, which is
impo tant in ma9azine and neWSpaper a ticleS.

t h th adjectives with their meanings.

1 non-stop known ll over the l t
2 fun-packed very peaceful
3 picuresque amazing, Stunning
4 world-famous ! d full of activities we j
5 idyllic that doesn't end
6 breathtaking f very pretty

Read the writing task and then write (true) or F (false) for each of the statements below.
You haye seen th announcement in travel magazine,

F i the s ! 1 You will write article about holiday disaster, L.]

Do vou have favourite holiday 2 You should r focus w rm l , ]
"ri .ti or resort? write an artlcle You will describe your journey in detail. tr
describing it and tell uS Why u'd
4
recommend it for Summer hoIldayS,
You should explain why others should go there. ]
i-r-,e ri urtictes wilt published i 5 You should write about What you do there. l
next month'S iSSue.

write r tl l .

Read the model article and complete it With the adjectives 1_6 in .

lf you want (5) days, Funchal offers swimming with dolphins, surfing r r 9lidi 9
fromitssunny e hes.Atni9ht,it,s(6)p rtying Sholid m kers nenjoythe
city's nightlife. You experience all this and more in Madeira's capital, making it an ideal l for holiday.
.1

lf you still haven't booked your holiday this summer, then make for Madeira. lt lives up to even the i
higheSt expectationS,
]]

1 0 -

{
-ook again !

D Read the model article again and answer the questions.

1 Which l is the article about?
2 What can you do there?
HaS the Writer tried to attract people to the resort?
4 Which { eatures attract u most? Why?

i Write the correct paragraPh number from the model article next to these descriptions.
Sum up d mm d r d rs visit holiday destination.
Describe what r s t ff rs r active l .
Describe activities { r ll tastes. f
d lntroduce the r s rt saying where it is and what it famous f r. f
F Look at th Useful Expressions d write (Positive) or N (Negative) next to h one.

Cver to you!
G Read the writing task below and make paragraph plan
for r article. R m m r to use variety of adjectives
to make your article m r appealing to readers. s | l { ss\ ls
Y h s this m t i travel m g zi . ldiomatic expressions i
complete let down
in for pleasant 5urpri5e t]
Wish weren't here! well worth the money/a viSit

lan { activity holidays, but.

overpriced J
Are vou come in for shock
J ;j really bad experience while fail to meet yoUr expectations t]
ii iiojyZ it article describing it d
ib]i'-"r'*r,y you " ;
woutdn't recommend it to live up to the highest eXpectations t]
published
.t't i " "*
"rticles
wilt there'S something for r t]
"*, month'S issue,
in next .,, is not to missed ]

Write ur ti l . ('120-'1 80 words)

Ll -
R m m r to include title f r yoUr article
and use language which will keep the reader
interested. U5e rhetorical qUestionS, direct address,
idiomatic expressions and imperatives aS Well as
plenty ofdeScriptive adjectives and adverb5.

} -
 Before you watch
The R m s is famous Street i the Barcelona city centre. This is where many
of the artists and musicians of the Spanish city gather to entertain people.
Look at the statements about the Ramblas below and write f r tr or F for false.
] rs can't travel on the R m s.
2 lt is lively and dynamic from rl m r i g until midday.
l Spanish musicians are allowed to perform on the R m s.
4 h r r fl w r shops the R m s.
5 h r are thieves on the Street.
human statue in silve-
body paint and costu r
While you watch in Barcelona

Watch the DVD and see if your answers in are correct.

Watch the DVD again and circla the words you hear.
1 The unique and stimulating / fascinating tm s h r ofthis Mediterranean city
makes visitors { eel like they're attending party that r ends.
2 That makes it very enjoyable, at least for me,
d inspiring / moving too.
3 the Ramblas, exciting d astonishing / r m rk l things just seem
to h i impromptu fashion, without need for practice.
4 l Barcelona. 9an95ter statue dais in the street is mm sight / spectacle.
5 This ft shocks bystanders / onlookers and results in laughter fr m spectators.

After you watch

D Complete th summary ofthe DVD below using these words.
U t m r ry convincing t m k - ss rs- practice stalts
of the most beautiful and interesting places in r l is the Ramblas. This wide,
pedestrian-only (1) r s Lhrough the middle { the city and ends at Lhe
(2, lt i5 lined With trees, f S and market ( ) The
rf rm rs who gather there make it more special. h r are musicians l i g
(4) music from all r the world. They r joined actors who
present theatrical pieces which sometimes include people passing . d all this is done
Without preparation. h don't seem to need any (5) - they just do
things the spot. h r r also dancers and circus artists. Perhaps the most unusual
rf rm rs the Ramblas are the hum statues, h m statue dresses as character
and applies (6) to every inch of the body that is exposed - this
is often silver r 9old, The rs then stands very still in the middle of the R m s
pretending to statue. The rf rm is so (7) that l
sometimes don't notice that the Statue is r l performer. h , when human Statue
suddenly moves, trystanders and (8) r usually shocked. This
makes everybody laugh. Life the Ramblas is r boring. Barcelona is lively city,
full of excitement and fun.

Discuss these questions with partner.

. lmagine you are street performer or h m
Statue the Ramblas. What do you think
your day would like? How would you feel?
Would you enjoy it?
. Do enjoy busy streets with lots of shops
and lively atmosphere? Why?/Why not?
132
 Units 9 & 10

,l V l r
circle the correct words.
1 ur flight to Reykjavik is at 1 o'clock, but what time do we have to check in / get away?
2lfyoudon'tstarttoconcentrateonyourjob,you'll get out of work / the sack.
3 l always prefer to h ( ) destination / itinerary when l'm travelling, so l know ll the stages of my jou rney.
4 Sh doesn't just want non-stop / dead end,job - she wants promotion and career,
5 ur flight was very pleasant, but the anding / departure in New York was really rough.
6 Unfortunately, lots of workers w r made r du d t/ unemployment last m th.
7lnsomeplacesa oad,youcanusedollarstobuythings,butusuallyyoumusthavethelocal vacancy / currency.
8 We must stop him from visiting this dangerous r gi at / in all costs.
9 Are you 9 i 9 to try the local s r / cuisine while you're travelling in Asia?
10 h first port of tour / call on r Greek lslands cruise i5 Santorini.

Complete the sentences using these words.

application backpack income g r f r staff track voyage
1 The m g r looked at Trary's job and thought she might Suita e for the position.
2 The Andes huge mountain in 5outh America.
Y ur is really h ! What are you carrying in it?
4 h kind of lifes le you can afford depends very much your
5 l managed to get off the beaten m holiday and spend most of it on remote beaches,
6 They want to take w at my m , so why don't you l ?
7 A(n) through space to other planets might new kind of tourism i the future.
8 l had one l tt r of from previous employer, which wasn't enough.

Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in bold.
1 Jake warned me to r r d { r lots of wh looking for ,iob, REJECT
2 Do you enjoy i the mountains? H|KE
h r are many types of to choose from if you visit the UK. ACCOMMODATE
4 h r is an amazing rock l g the coast very r here. F R
5 our m needs w to h l him out with his workload. ASS|ST
6 Excuse me. Do you work here in the museum, r are you ( ) ? vlslT

D h s th correct answers.
1 h tourists set at 8 o'clock in the m r i g.
aof out
2 Tom can drop you _ at w rk because he is going in that direction.
i ff
3 Wh you h
k _
at the hotel, u must show ur ss t.
uP bin
4 Unfortunately, the company has had to lay _ more employees this month.
uP i off
5 Wh r l go camping, it takes m ages to put _ my tent,
Up i cat
6 We are going to th airport with John because we want to see him
aon boff back

133
 Units 9 & 1

( r ^r
Change the direct speech into reported speech.
1 'l dropped Sandy off at the ir t yesterday.' said.
told m
2 'They're going to interview me t m r w,'J s said.
Jason said
'Will you tr the local cuisine holiday?' I asked g l .
lasked Angela
'Wh did you set off 5 late for the airport?' Tom asked us.
Tom asked _

'Can you w k shifts this week?'the manager asked me.

The m 9 r
'Don't forget the tickets]' l said to my s ,
l told my son
'y u should ask ut the perks of this jotr,' my friend said.
friend advised m
'l have already done all the sightseeing l want this week " explained i .
i explained
9 'l give you m w d that l will give you rise,' our m g r said.
Our manaqer promised
10 'You should lways get to W rk time in the mornings,'Terry said to me.
Terry advised

Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in ackets.
1 What kind of job { you / do) if you had h i ?
2 |f| ( l ) { or this job, l would have regretted it.
3 lwish l (9 ) on that sightseeing toUr yesterday.
4 They ( ) our wages at the end of the week if they can.
5 We would have congratulated J h his promotion if we (see) him.
6 lf only l (not ) ilI the boat.

choose the correct answers.

1 As long as you looking at architecture, you'll love this tour.
] enjoyed had enjoyed
2 lf only we i r hotel!
found had found would find
th r isn't too mucn traffic, we'll arrive on rime,
provided that unless otherwise
4 We will miss our flight we set off w.
if only otherwise unless
5 lf you are professional photographer, you good m s.
used would use u5

6 lfwe late,wewould have finished the project.

had worked worked will work

134

l
 7','1 7,,t
&] lI 1, I

fact sheet, multiple-choice questions

]
,|':a; ',:,. "i: crime-related words, collocations & expressions, prepositions
],l a';]" .]] r:];i ]': reIative clauses: defining & non-defining, participle clauses
l i].ii , ii-i..,: multiple-choice questions
i., ,:: i:irl : taIking about crime, problem solving, suggesting alternatives
'll]l j:i:]]g: 5s r i st rmi g

r
z1;-\ l.
\!- { , # |Vl
Who r these people? Write G for good guy
r for bad guy. What do they do?
1 judge t] 4 detective ] Alcatrozi t ri us islond
2 convict t 5 vandal t] i5 i s Fr iS
3 arsonist 6 guard m m r abi li : i ects that
r collected us they
r thought ta r
Quickly read the text. Who doesn't to interesting
get into Littledean Jail? Where did you find r rm l: impos5ible to
this information? explain tur lf r s r
science

w 5 the'Alcatraz of the Forest'due to its location i

the F r st of Dean, Littledean Jail is w home to iq AdmisSion prices
museum of crime. d l 7
si rs 5.95
History & mystery Children (8-16) 4.95; d 8s free
Wh it was originally built i l791, Littledean Family S2l
s lh mosl up_to.date riS [ ils time, Ifyou're 100 years u g or ovel, th
I 1854 the.iail became police station and
admission is FR !
f m l874 it also set-ved as court house.

v
h police station was clo ed in 1972 and i g times

0 th last court s ssi

h [ ll ing
m
r it
was held th r in 1985.
sold [ i s r
. h , in 200 , the jail was bought
fr m Easter to the end of
Thursdays to Sundays &
t
k Holiday
r;

its present owners, who h d it t r d into Mondays

their h m and museum to house of th Day visits fr m 10 m to 5 m
world's largest private colIections of rim 0ast try .45 m)
r rrr r ili .
Occasionally special tours d er i g
Litt]edean Jail has lhe r ul li of bcing visits f r groups of 20 or m r
[ BriIain's mosl h u t d buildinss. Si it arranged. but only kind permission
opened, the jail h attIacted the interest of o[TheJailer. (He's l little scary!)
m ghost hu t rs d investigators of the visits [ m schools d colleqes r also
r l l wh h witnessed s l ry welcome, ut student m t under strict
unusual events, occasion, museum superTision, as h Jailer has known
exhibits tarted shaking, lights began flickering, to lock troublemakers in the s r cells!
and lh there s complele loss ol w r,
5 m peopIe sa5 th have aclually s
ghosts there! How to get there (and escape!) &
parkin9 facilities
What to see at the jail h jail is just 20 minutes fr m Gloucester
d forty-five minutes fr m Bristol r d.
The largest private collection in the UK CToss the S r Bridge at Chepstow and
of British and foTeign police items and then head down the 48 to get th r .
equipmenl. including police weapons d
u ll rms Cars parked at the tr to the
jail while coaches drop off passengers
Exhibits lvell-known clime characters at the special bus stops. These r situated
fTom books. television d cinema r im t l 80 metles f m the entlance
m d I of Litt]edean Jail that has been lo the jaiJ either side of the r d.
created fr m 56.000 matches!
 Read the questions below and then look at the
article for the answer5.
Ll -U
sW r question5 about text that is made
1 What is Littledean Jail us d as now? Up of different section5, do the following: first,
jail and police station qUickly read the Whole te t - don't Worry aboUt
family h m d m s um unfamiliar vocabulary as you won't need to
court house and jail understand everything in order to answer the
d police station and family home question5; then, read each question d go
directly to the relevant section.
2 Wh you visit Littledean Jail?
some Mondays
r Tuesday
all day Wednesday
5 Wh r can cars park?
80 metres from the entrance of the jail
d FridayS throughout the r outside the tr
3 What can't seen at Littledean Jail? the Severn Bridge
swordfight d at the special bus stops
model of th ,jail
What can't you do in the Forest of Dean?
uni { orms
eat meal
d weapons
{ ind place to stay
4 What should l rg gr u do to visit the jail at night? visit museum
call beforehand d see ghost
r i f .45 pm
What is said to have happened in the u dr m?
get th i the m r i g
two th r had fight
d have supervision two th rs killed lady
lady dressed in white died there
d couple killed the m th
Who would most interested in visiting the old,jail
and the hall?
criminals
Sports enthuSiaStS
young children
Places to stay, eat d visit r d l who believe in ghosts
The Forest of Dean: an r of great natulal
reauty with ]ots to see and do and r g of
1ccommodation to suit r pocket. In th Get the meaning!
:orest, not
ut you
l can you see the beautiful s
also visit the local butterfly museum
ry,
D Complete the definitions with these words,
l j m l i of th wide variety of rt h us investigator jaiI reputation
" estaurants in the area. F r lhe m r active
supe vision weapon
l,isitoT, th r r walking touTs, caving, bike
idi g - you go fishing or play golf. 1 h opinion that l have about you, which is
ber: based your past actions r character, is known as
Littledean Hall: This is grand house which r
dates back at least 400 yeaTs and, like the jail,
is said to haunted. In fact, it's thought of as
2 A(n) is l where those who
of the most haunted houses in England! have committed crime are sent to { r punishment.
People have r rt d seeing ghosts in the house 3 A(n) is something that i5 used to
and grounds. of the scariest parts of the physically hurt another rs .
] h s is the u dr m, Legend h it that
two bTothers killed h th r in swordfight When someone watches person and makes sure
,) r lady, d visitors have reported hearing that ever } thing they do is correct r safe, that is
so the sound of swordfight, as well as m r s known as _.
r Strict sightings of lady i white.
The place wh r criminal cases r dealt with and
w people are found to guilty r innocent is ( )
lls!

( ) is like detectivej he r she

&
tries to { ind out who is guilty { crime.

cester
g r d.
r and

ls there lot of graffiti in your r ?

) Lhe
g rS
Do you think graffiti is t or vandalism? lf the walls of
tuated ur building were spray-painted, how would you feel?
trance What do you think should happen to teenagers who r
caught spray-painting buildings?
137
 ! V l r
circle the odd ones out.
1 proSecution d { th eft
2 rob mu rd r stea l

sentence libi 5
4 verdict comp aint decision
5 try find 9uilty convict
6 t,urgl r pickpocket detective
7lawyer ,jud9e defendant
8 evidence cot]rt f

circle the correct words.

1 lf you < / commit
im , r r d to suffer the consequences,
2 judge ordered the defendant to pass / s r
h sentence of l 55 than ten years.
Large stores often m l security gu rds to prevent shop ifting / graffiti.
4 l'm innocentl What ti / would l have f r ki g into my own house?
5 We feej s f r knowing that there are police officers { oot, guarding / patrolling the streets of our town.
6 Billy has to do ten weeks' community / socia1 service to for his im .

complete the sentenceS using these words.

case handcuffs [ s s tri [ witness
1 According to the ws, his from ris is scheduled for t Tuesday.
2 - has E,een found who will in urt.
The crime was sealed off police officers.
4 This was the shortest l've ever attended; it was over in two days.
5 Somehow, the suspect managed to slip out of his and escape.
6 This is the most difficult |'ve ever had lo deal with, but l Lhink we'll win
Wh it goes to urt,

D Read what different students say about crime.

Do you feel the same? Discuss your answers with
partner.
. 'l'd ll like to have r r that was somehow
associated with law r fighting rim . Ithink it
would r exciting to w rk f r the defence in
important 5, especially if you managed to l
an innocent rs m . lt would boring,
that's f r sureI'
. 'l think that some rimi ls, not the r ll violent ones
obviously, should made to do community service
rather than having to go to jail. The prisons r
overcrowded and it costs us lot to f r ris rs
wh serve their sentences in prison.'

1 8

l
 D circle th correct words.
1 rs , whi h / that is very serious crime. was
the r s for the fire.
Relative Clauses: defining & non-defining
The members of the jury who / when we talked
Look at these sentences and write the relative to Were very nervous.
r s next to the correct uses. im father, who / whose r was stolen, has
The rimi l who/that was given life sentence reported the theft to the police.
k down in u t. h area which / wh r the rim was committed
h famous actress whose h u was burgled is has sealed off police.
afraid to go h m . h day when / wh r the ris m out of
r
This is the prison where the convict is held. jail was 9reat day for his family.
The painting which/that was stolen from the museum
The detective that / whose solved the rim was
is very lu .
given award f r his amazing w rk.
I will never forget the day when m r was stolen.
1 _ r refer to people
choose the correct answers.
2 or r f r to things
_ is used to show possession
4 refers to period of time
The Hall of Sh m \,/
5 _ re { ers to Get some laughs { rom these
l
tru Stories aboUt stUpid criminals (1)
w r found out because they lacked mm sense.
Read these sentences and underline the relative
-
clauses- h answer the questions. criminal (2) said he'd r attacked
wrote r 5 9 (3) _ was about crime (4) _ h
1 The lawyer wh defended the criminal is the best
had committed. m d his victim. Now this
even
i the country.
2 h l w r, wh defended th criminal, is the best bad guy is singing the blues - th jailhouse u s!
i the country. cashier will r forget the day (5) thie { came
into the shop (6) h worked and demanded all
l which sentence is the relative clause necessary the m i the cash dr w r. The thief didn't like
in rd r to understand the main clause? ! the amount of money (7) he got, So he tied up
ls this defining (D) r non-defining (ND) the employee. h , he got behind the counter and
relative clause? ! pretended to employee to get more m _
l which sentence wh replaced with U { tu t l f r him, the police showed up few hours
tbat? fl later and arrested him.

convicted m (8) lawyer managed to work t

m l t the rules.
relative clauses give essential information
deal had to - fine rather than serve prison
$9,600
about the sub.ject r ob.ject of the sentence, and who and
sentence. How do you think this man tried to the
which replaced fine? gave forged chequel got ten years in
relative clauses give extra information about prison.
the Subject r ob,ject of S t , ThiS information isn't
-necessary for the sentence to make sense. lt is separated w m (9) was reporting to the police that her
car had been stolen, mentioned that th r was r
fr m the rest of the sentence
h in it. The li m taking the r rt called the
car h and told the m (10) answered that h
Read the sentences and answer the question had read ad in the WS r and Wanted to u the
below.
r. They rr g d to meet, and the thief was arrested.
1 The m who/that we saw i t had
handcuffs ,
2 The bank r ry which/that h d this 1 which whose
morning was the news. 2 which when who
3 when who which
4 who whose
l which sentence we omit the relative
5 that when who
pronoun? ! which wh r when
7 wh wh r which
Complete the rule. 8 whose which who
We omit the relative r u in 9 whose who ,
relative clauses wh the relative r u i5 the object 10 that which
{ the clause.

Read 11.1 ^ 11.3 of the Grammar Reference page 174

before you do the tasks.
1 9
 Lis*c \ q
t h th collocations.
1 turn
2 look Ll
f r w rk
crime
Closo-Up
3 get the |aw
Remember that don't need to
Understand every single Word yoU
4 commit d to crime hear You usually Work out the
5 break .] into tr u meaning of What's being said from
the words you do understand.

( li.t"n to these speakers and circle the rr t words.

1 The speaker is descritring something positive / negative.
2 The speaker is talking about ( ) f ilur / achievement.
3 The speaker is talking about something that's r like / unlil < e to h .
4 h speaker is talking about s m who is disab]ed / dead.
5 The speaker is f i g / encouraging someone to r rt im .
L ('You'll hear interview with youth leader t the work done at his youth
centre, F r questions 1-7, h s the best answer, , or .
1 l SayS that the main purpose of the youth centre iS to 5 l SayS that many young people at the tr:
help young l find work. have committed crime.
h l young l to spend their free tlme positively. know l who have committed rim
ur g young people to do well at school. get arrested th police.
l says l are less likely to commit crime if l says the police
they do lot of activities like s ts. often make things better for tbe u g
they have good CV l .
they have sense of achievement. have bad relationship with the u g
What does lan say is often the start of u g people's l there.
r usually unfair.
attitude problemS?
doing badly at school What did the young l at the centre find
having parents who r too brusy particularly h ll gi g at first?
having the wrong friends plant'rg trees to help the local environme,-
What is lan's attitude to graffiti? having to w rk t g th r with l l l
mixing with disabled people at the youth
thinks it's just vandalism.
tr
thinks it a tistic.
thinks it's less serious than th r crimes.

t
 > aklvlr)
Work with rt r d answer these questions.
. Do u think ur h m t w has high rim levels? what sorts of crimes are committed there?
. Have u r witnessed rim ? what happened?
r what kind of crimes do you think young l r most likely to commit?

Read the task i below and on 9 1 9 with your rt r. { you should tick the items below
whi h describe what student . will have to do and the other should tick the items which describe what
student will have to do.
1 listen to r rt r carefuliy L-] 4 ask questions
2 think about l { l involved l] 5 l i what the r l m is
say how old the l are t] 6 give advice

3 Work in pairs. Student shou|d look at the pictures and s th information below.
Student should look at the pictures and use the information 9 190.
Remember to use the Useful Expressions.
Student : Ask these questions to find out what r partner's r m is and
th give r partner some good advice.
. What i5 the m?
Lloso-Up
. What r the options? Wh giving ur opinion,
. What r th disadvantages of each option? remember that there is no
right or Wr g nSWer. Y u
centre h s one ofthe option5
given to U or you come
rim With another option that
have thought ofyoursell

ng

find

m :
l
oUth

Us | l { r s5\ l5

t-" :@x
Discuss these que tions With partner.
suggesting alternative5
lnstead of ..., he/she could ...
lf l Were him/her, l'd .,.
. why do u think people commit crimes? What about ... ing?
. what do you think ordinary people do to h l reduce rim ?
.., might way round the r l m.
. What r the most and the least serious crimes you think of?
141
 ! V l r
Collocations & Expressions
Answer the questions.
1 lf something is against the law, are you allowed to do it?
2 lf the police place thief under arrest, do they tell him r h r to go h m ?
3 lf you have police record, have you ever committed im ? _
4 lf you k the law, you doing something wrong? _
5 lf you r helping to tackle crime, are you criminal?
6 lf you plead guiltytoa crime, areyousaying you'reinnocent?
7 lf you solve case, have you successful?
8 lf somebody telis you to m d your ways, r they asking you to help them commit crime?

complete the sentences with the collocations and expressions from .

1 lt's unlikely he' l g job as he has
2 She was placed after they caught her shoplifting in the supermarket.
3 Dropping litter l5 in England, so make sur you put rubbish you've got in the
bins provided.
4 lf you don't s , you may find yourself in real tr u l .
We help j ur road forming Neighbourhood watch scheme.
6 The w detective wi]l r l to if he doesn't try harder.
7 r lawyer told h r to _ to the crime, so she would receive lighter sentence.
'l didn't mean to ffi r. l,just didn't realise that l shouldn't park my r h r .'

Prepositions
circle the correct words.

rir Investigator
lVost of us r famiIia (1)with / within im Scene lnvestigators, r CSIs,
because we see them in various television series all the time, h r usually
seendriving round ig ityin i9 rswe ingdesigner lothes.This
gl m r us image is f r from the reality (2) off / of being CSl though, which
very unpleasant and even danqerous.

Crime Scene lnvestigator5 Work ( ) at / With police officers to investi9ate

serious crimes. They are (4) among / [ t the first people to r i at
crime scene. They are r s si (5) fr m / f r collecting and interpretin9
evidence they find that may help catch the criminals involved.
lt true to say that it takes special kind of person to CSl, h have to
patient and methodical, and a]so ] to r close attention (6) to / toward
detail. CSls mUSt r hurr , even wh th 'r (7) i / under pressure. This is
because if they rush (8) between / thr ugh ,job, th may miss tiny piece of
evidence which could solve th case. And that really would rim !

D Do you 9r with these statements? m r your answers with rt r .

l think it's impoftant to try to tackle crime as it will make ur towns s f r,
lf t
g r has police record, his r h r ]ife is rui d.
Wh parents tell their kids to mend their ways, itjust makes things worse because young
people never listen to Lneir parents.
Participle clauses We also use participle to replace
relative pronoun and verb. Read these
There are two kinds of participles. The present
participle (verb + -i g) and the PaSt participle (verb sentences and underline the relative clauses
in sentences 1 and 2 , and the participles
+ -ed or irregular form). We use participles in
i sentences 1 and 2 . Then, answer the
participle clauses to make sentences shorter. Read
questions below.
the sentences and d rli the verbs and the
participles. h , sw r the questions below. 1 h took the m who had arrested
to the police Station,
1 h li m looked around th crime scene and
They took the m rr st d to the police
the li m found weapon.
station.
Looking r u d the crime scene, th policeman
found w .
2 The girl who wants to speak to the lawyer
is my sister.
2 h man was { ound guil and h started to r ,
h girl wanting to speak to the l w r is
F d guilty, the m sta ted to cry.
m sister.
1 ln sentence 1 , r the vertrs in the actlve or the
1 l sentence 1 , is the verb in the relative clause
passive voice?
active r passive?
2 l sentence 1 , is the subject of both verbs the same?
2 ln sentence 1 , which word is the participle?

l sentence 2 , is the verb fi d i the active or pasSive

voice?
3 Which words in sentence 1 does it r l ?

l sentence 2 , is the subject of both verbrs the same?

4 ln sentence 2 , is the verb i the relative clause
active or passive?
5 ln s t 2 . which word is the ti i l ?
Complete the rules.
Present and past participIes can r l the subject and
the r in sentence i { the sub.ject of both clauses is th
6 Which words in sentence 2 does it replace?
We use present participle if th r
and past participle if the vertr is Read 11,4 of the Gr mm r R f r pages 174-175
before you do the task.

Rewrite each sentence using suitable pa iciple to replace the words in bold.
1 Wh we opened the 9, we found some stolen goods.

2 h w m who was caught shoplifting Started crying.

The prisoner was injured while he was trying to 5 .

4 Thejudgewho was h s forthe u t trial hasa good reputation.

5 We were woken up try truck that wa pas ing outside our house.

6 They found lots of evidence and they rr st d the m .

7 Who r those J who are waiting outside the police station?

8 The police caught the thief on the road which ioined the two villages.

9 The crime which had investigated f r years was never solved.

]0 was sentenced to ten rs in prison and h will 54 when he gets outs.

14
 lrifi 11
Brainstorming
When you Write essay, it's important that brainstorm
to come with as m ideas as possible connected to
the topic, and th gr u reIated ideas t g th r, lf you r
dealing with the advanta9es and disadvanta9es of topic,
write down ur ideas, decide which are advanta9es and which
are disadvantages. and then decide what the most important
points are and i what rd r you will r s t the arguments.

What are the advantages d disadvantages of community service as form of punishment? Look at the-
ideas and write (advantage) and D (disadvantage).
] lt can make criminals think crime isn't serious.
2 lt put citizens at r;sk,
lt cUtS prison costs.
4 lt allows people to stay with their families.
5 lt helps society. l

Read th writing task below and then tick the things you will do.
Your English teacher has asked you to read the extract from article beiow and th to Write essay.

l the past, crimina]S W r either t lo

how
] write article !
ri) r given fi , depending 2 discuss prisons in detail _]
* their crime nas. roday, doing
s ri
community service is alr alternative form
of 3 focus community service i]
punishment. ls it good way to deal with 4 discuss the advantages of community Service t
young offenders though?
5 discuss the disadvantages of community service t]
6 give your i i the issue

Write an essay discusst'ng th r s and s of mmu it

service for u g offenders.

Read the model essay d underline of the advantages and disadvantages from .

9 crime is u f t t fa t of life. h question is, though, is community

service f r young offenders good idea?
begin with, th r are m trenefits of community service. Community service
] makes sure young offenders r punished and benefits others at the same time.
I
lt takes away their freedom and it makes them think about their role i society. For
example, cleaning up u i areas or looking after l in the community force
u g offenders to put th people's needs f r their own.
the other hand, community service has its disadvanta9es- lf dangerous
criminals are allowed to live i society, people might at risk. Fu th rm r , g
offenders who only receive community service may not think that it serious
punishment, d they won't put off committing other crimes in the future.
l conclusion, lthink community service sbould only used f r criminals who are
not dangerous and take it seriously as punishment. conseq ently, each case must
judged individually to make s r that the punishment given is suit for each
criminal.
 -ook again !

) Read th model essay again and answer the questions.

] Does th introduction r hr s the wording in the task?
2 Has the writer included ll the arguments fr m ? Why/Why t?
Which words and phrases r used to link ideas i the essay?
4 Has th writer given balanced view ofthe pros and cons?
5 Where is th writ r rs l opinion expressed?

i Match.
1 r gr h 1 ! DiScusS the arguments against.
U | l t ss| ls
2 r gr h 2 ! Sum up d state ur opinion.
Advanta9e5 and di5advantage5
r gr h f] Discuss th 9um ts for benefit
4 Paragraph 4 f- l d l tr du the topic to discussed. pros and cons
t the- for and a9ainst
: Look at the Useful Expressions and cboose th correct answers.
have (its) advantaqes/diSadvantaqeS
waste of time
'l h offender was sentenced twelve months in prison. u5 more h rm than good
atobincfor Discussing crimes
the pUni5hment fits the crime
2 Some punishments can us m r h rm than fine
benefits advantages good pri50n Sentence
l who the law should punished. Warning
community Service
commit k prevent
sentenced to ... months/yearS in ris
4 The first-time offender was let off with guilty/innocent of
acrime w r i g theiaw let off With Warning
break the law
5 What are the arguments for and ris s t s? commit rir
cons disadvantages against tackle/prevent rim

Cver to you!
G Read the writing task below and make paragraph
l for r essay. Remember to ainstorm for
ideas and then to group-related ideas together.
Your English teacher has asked you to read the extract
fr m article be/ow d th to write 55 .

YeaIS ago, li 5t time offenders w r givetr

n,iron !"n,.n... Ciuing th m r ll Lough
time th commi ted
bunnb,o"n, the r t
likely to offend
i ,r-, " .. " ' they w r le s
M.nb. today's young criminaIS tvL,uld
",iend
" "i" rhei, ,uys m r easily iI they were
given harsher sentences,

Wri'te essay discussing the pros and cons ofgiving

h rsh sentences to first-time offenders. ('] 20-'180 words)

L| s -
l for and a9ainst essays, State your
opinion in the conclusion. lf you agree
With both sides of the rgum t to some
extent, then you 5 So. W r, u
Should clearly state the r s why you
feel that neither Side i5 alWays right,
Before you watch
Discuss these questions.
. What kinds of animals would you expect to find i animal r s u centre?
. r th r im l rescue centres in your country where you could take animal?
. Would like to volunteer to work in animal s tr ? Why? / Why not?

While you watch

watch the DvD and decide if these statements are true or false. write f r tr d F for false.
1 The animals at the h m Tamao Rescue tr w r all legally traded before they arrived there,
2 The Mobile Unit iS Working to Stop poaching.
3 The government { Cambodia isn't helping to stop poaching.
4 some of the animals at phnom m will r leave th rescue centre.
5 Poachers make lot of money { rom selling the body ts { animals.
6 Lucky, the elephant, was saved { r m poachers two months 9 .

After you watch

Complete the summary of the DVD below using these words.
demand grind human itlegatty h rs profit t s r s vatuabte victims
Many wild animals in Cambodia are endangered because l hunt them and catch them
(1) These hunters are called (2) and they seriously
endanger the species which are their (3) h are m tragic
examples. People sometimes buy wild im l to keep as pet. After while they find out
that they can't really look after it. At this point, most animals have lived with their
(4) w rs too long and they 't go back to the wild. They must
looked after for the rest of their lives, usually at im l (5) centre.
gibbons h particularly hard time. h are type of monkey. At the centre they tell
the story of monkey which was kept in tiny bird 9 for two years and still needs help
to become healthy a9ain.
Howeve1 other endangered species, such as elephants and
tigers, r often killed for their body parts which are very
(6) The poachers (7)
some of th parts into powder. h , they process the powde-
and sell it. As long as there is great (8) fo-
these parts, the problem of illegal poaching will continue and
h rs will making hug (9) The
staff at h m Tamao Rescue centre have to work fast. Thev
want to s these animals d try to (10)
as many of them as they can back into the wild, r at least give
them sa { e l to live in for the rest of their lives.

D Discuss these questions with partner.

. Are th r endangered species i r u tr ?
What r they?
. Does illegal poaching exist in your u try? What type?
. How animals threatened poaching protected?
 -1

j
_] : i]ii_ |J. article, multiple matching
fashion and shopping-related words, phrasal verbs, w rd formation
,]; :-i: -i:]i" : causative, inversion: under ir um t s, r, not only ... but also, it|s
(oboutlhigh) time
l_;: i],: i,] i ,,i ;': muItipIe-choice questions
.-,::] :]nlii '..i-i: talking about fashion, comparing photographs, giving yourself time to think
'l],] i"i-L: I review, supporting your arguments

It

]]
l
l

:o,vde,
for
_. d
-
-

. give

- type?
:ected?
Masked monkc'dance i
-- - traditional
tsech,.r tival in Buhtan, Asia
 l"
|,,'f
,{,
. ?"} ,)lLr
"9
fon
l!|]t]

How important is fashion to you? Compare

it to the following: v intoge clothing: clothes

. education . art fr m the post that of

. good health . music high quolity d la\ting
. Sport . literatl]re value
Lycra " : stretchy
material us d e'pecially
What kind of people w ld consider
f r m ki g clothes which
{ ashion to important? fit tightly
charity shop| shop i
Quickly read the text and find two people which charity sells used
wh haven't h g d part of their look good\ which r donated
the public
since the 80s.

Looking at fashions ot h g eras, it's difticult not enough, they're back in fashion now! l also Wore lot of
to laugh. Just look at old photos of your r with vintage clothing becaUSe not only WaS it affordabIe, bUt
perms, wearing sherr Uits d shoulder pads. Yet, also very good quality, ln f t, l Still buy vintage stuff -
tfiis is /h t was fashionable i the 80s. we talked to there'S nothing in the Shops to match it for style.
four people who lived through the 80s, aftectionately
k w as ' h Decade That F shi Forgot!'
kids ask me to ShoW them photos of myself
f r l got married and it'S really m rr Ssi g.
look Started With m hair. l loved the big, spiky The clothes we wore then look ridiculous w, But
look. l got it cut regularly d then l'd have it dyed. to honest, l don't know what's worse - the shoulder
natural colour iS red, but l'd get it dyed White blonde. of pads We W r then or the baggy trousers my daughter
course, lthought it WaS extremely Stylish, though l look Wears W. She looks like overgrown in big
at old photos now d just cringe, Make-Up Was equally Saggy . AS for my s , Why does he think that he
important. l Used lots of black li r looks cool Wh he Wears his jeans So low down? l n't
around my eyes- At the time, l thought it funny how Something So awful considered
it made m look mysterious, And attractive! We W r influenced Singers jUSt aS kids
then there were the clothes. are today, but Singers in the 80S W r pretty t m
LeggingS W r the coole t thing compared to Some that are around today, l don't know
back then. l r m m r i g What l'd do if m daughter m home looking like theml
S m at lU Wearing black What l r m m r most of all iS that We loved getting
lace IeggingS and dressed Up and We Werenl afraid to make fool of
thinking they Were oUrselves. l Suppose Some things never change.
the coolest
thing ever.
FunniIy
Everything WaS big in the 80S - jewellery, Shoulder pads
and hair. You either r d Ur hair in half can of
hairspray, or you had it permed. l got mine permed
because lWanted to look like Kylie Minogue. lthink
She looks much better now, and l hope l do, too. What
l remember most about the 80S WaS Lycra " . lt WaS
every,lvhere. lt became popular When keep-fit clothing
crossed r and m part of mainstream fashion,
- l used to Wear tight pink Lycra 3 leggings With black
legwarmers or puff-Skirt, and high heels. l Still Wear high
heels because l'm the short side, but l wouldn't dreanT
of W ri g the rest of the outfit! What amazes m iS tha,t
 ) Read the article again to find the following information.
Ll s -U
Which person/people ...
F r mUltiple matching tasks in Which
mentions make-up? 1 different people de5cribe or give their
says fashion trends tur ? 2 opinion about Something, attention
i to any negative Statements that are made.
m r s bad fashion with another?
There are often questions aboUt the5e

{
didn't dress like his/her friends? 4 l such as,'Who doesn't ,..?} Which rs
ikes good quality clothes? WoUldn't .,.?; etc,
doesn't like what his/her hildr wear? 6
bought second-hand clothes? 7 -8
Get the meaning!
changed his/her hair l ur? 9
t d his/h r own look? 10 Complete the sentences with these words.
feel m r ss d about what they wore? 11 a12 teggings heets
1 l hate wearing shoes wi h higb
2 l need to h g the baby's
IMum, have you seen my red ?
l Want to W r them under my pink skirt.

affordable m i str m ridicu[ous

4 Take that hat off! You look !

aoq This necklace is very expensive, but the r i gs

,8, 6 l prefer vintage clothes to fashion,

lcl '
),

Here are some looks from the past. What do

you think of them? How do they m r to
today's trends?

Ide r
hter
bis
the
Sn't
d W daughter Wears leggings W l suppose it
dS ust goes to ShoW that trends m and go .., and,
, h you least expect it, they're back!

Ithem]
r .,ra { i 1 g? *g fl
,]g
F r me, the 80S Were ll about music and fashion,
'd Watch m favourite bands on TV and then try
to r r t their look in Way that Suited me. l
iked wearing dinner.iackets With Striped Shirts and
]eans - the jacket made me feel sophisticated
though l was from rough neighbourhood.
padS Rolling up the Sleeves made the elegant jacket look
of casuai, d made me think lWas cool, l USed to get
l the jackets at charity Shops because l couldn1 afford
high Street prices. friends, the other hand,
vhat preferred Wearing T-Shirts and ripped jeanS With the
]atest trainers, Whatever We Wore though, We tried to
i g ]ook like individUalS. lt SeemS to me that these days,
io n, teenagerS just blindly modelS and SingerS; they
donl develop their W Styles, son disagrees,
r high though; he SayS that today'S fashion is much more
dream original than it WaS i the 80s. thinks that the Way
iS that We USed to dress iS laughable.
 'i O igr fl i
Match these words related to fashion and shopping 1-8 with their definitions -h.
1 refund lg thin platform where models wa]k to display clothes
2r i t t] rr W 9between r ws of shelves i shop
3 aisle tt r of squares, usually of two colours
4 shop window ] d the fr t of shop where goods displayed
5 l l tr m back f r somethin9 you bought
6 catwalk t pattern of l g rr w lines { different l s
7 checked 9 piece of r r plastic attached to something that gives i f rm ti
about ri , material. etc
8 striped h piece of r showing that U h bought something

complete the sentences using both words.

1 r 9 quantity ur h s bargain
mum believes i quality over |'ve made fantastic ! h
so she shops at boutiques designer dress was becau::
where the is small, but exclusive. got it at half the ri .
2 shopahotic shop[ifter hir r w
is someone who lives to l asked if l could his tuxedo
shop. , the th hand, is refused, so lguess l'll have to
simply thief. instead.
5uit5 fits r hu catatogue
Well, the colour t i l you. Not the travel
Wh not try it and see if it ? to hand me the clothes
exchange r t r ff discount
ll , l'd like to these Don't miss ur special
shoes f r larqer size, please. Also, l want to designer Shi ts! Come in next week and get
this shirt and get my money fantastic !

back. Unfo tunately, it's too big.

Complete the text with these words.

casuaI designs fabrics high-heeted modeLs outfit sh sm rt

lt all t the clothes!

welcome to F shi week! lt's all h i g h r ! Everywhere you look, th r
r beautiful (1) - w ri g clothes, clothes,glorious
clothes! h followers of fashion are out i full force, and this year's
(2) r 5 r to please everyone { rom the r d
( ) looking for r s - ri d
(4) to the rich d famous searching { r that one-of-
a-kind g w . Yesterday's catwalk show featured (5)
shoes d boots W r With dresses and skirts. The ight and l u f l { l w
prints and soft siik (6) r sure to popcrlar. s f r
the rnen's collection, jackets w r with baggy trousers made for a(n)
(7) yet (8) _ look suitable
f r hard day at the office, r fun-filled evening out on the town.

D Do you agree with these statements? Compare your answers with rt r .

. lt'S better to wear fabrics made of cotton. silk r wool than synthetic ones.
. i g shopaholic is illness.
. I people wear the latest fashion in clothes even thouqh it might not suit them,

150
 ausative
Look at the sentence and then answer the questions below.
cele ities h their clothes made for them famous designers.
1 Do m cele ities make their w clothes?
2 Who makes the clothes?
3 Which auxiliary verb is used?
4 what is the form of the main verb?

Complete the rules.

u5 the causative to say that we f r somebody to do something for
rr g
" / We form the causative with the correct form
:s. of + obl'ect + past
rti i l . When we Want to mention the agent, we use the word .

Tick the sentence which contains the causative.

1 Bill had exchanged the damaged belt before he went to work. f
: !.]-
2 Bill had the damaged belt exchanged before he went to work. !
'W also Us the caU ative to talk about unpleasant experience that h S to somebody.
L had h r favourite dress rui d the drycleaner's,
Read 12.1 ol the Gr mm r Reference page 175 before you do the tasks.

Complete the second sentences so that they have similar meaning to th first sentences. Use the
causative and the word in bold.
1 J h is polishing his father's shoes, is
J h father John.
2 h shop assistant didn't wrap the gifu for us. wrapped
We didn't f r us the shop assistant.
3 Sus is collecting Mrs Li t sh i g fr m the department store. having
MrS Linton { rom the department Store Susan.
4 Someone has stolen my m m bag. h d
lV]um
5 aunt is g i g to Shorten my new jeans. have
my aunt.
6 The young d sig r will h made Betty's dress the end of the month. h d
BettyWillbythe oungdesignerbytheendofthemonth'

D Answer these questions using the causative.

1 Did you style your hair yourself?
No, l hairdresser.
Does your mum do the grocery shopping?
No, my mum the housekeeper.
Will your th r mend his boots?
No, my r th r at the shoe repair shop.
Did you and r sister use to do your w washing?
No, we used our mum.
Do you ir your shirts?
No. l f r me.
r you going to return the Suit?
No, l my friend.
15,|
 Lqs i- t ,
!
( Lira "n to short interview with the editor of leading { ashion magazine
and fill i the missing words below.
'l h speaker spends ut of h r time i her office.
2 h soeaker
The says that sh
speaker savs she lis ( ) in the fashion industry,

Now look at the questions below and choose the correct answers.
1 How m h { h r working time does 2 What does th speaker say about h r evel
the speaker spend in r office? of knowledge in the fashion industry?
rJ all of it She's J r tl left l ege,
about ha]f { it r only ri is { modellinq.
r little of it She's very experienced in the industry.

Underline the words in which contained th rr t answers. Are they the

same as the words you wrote in ?
Ll s -U
D i you will h r radio presenter interviewing l thiS type oftask,
someone at an event. you will hear the interview it r important to
in three parts. After each part take notes 5 u ljsten
u will h r some becauSe Won't h r
questions about that part. h s the correct
the qUestions Until
answers, , or . after you've heard each
Part l section of the interview
1 event rg i5 r
fashion designer
top model
2 every year
r two rs
every thr rs
3 enter modelling cornpetition
vote for their favourite models
take part in photo sessions
4 health & fitness advice
advice on what colours to wear
make-up advice

Part ll
5 the shops selling clothes
the live catwalk shows
the make-up and wedding dress sections
l
,l
6 have it cut in u i at the event
pick up u h r
t r competition
.g
rt lll
7 people's old clothes l

recycled plastic bottles {

19 i materials
8 lt m r expensive than th r clothes.
lts quaiity is r.
lt not r ul r,
l

l 152
I

t
 > kl /)
W rk with partner and answer these questions.
. Do you like shopping f new clothes? Why?/Why not?
. How important is it for you to w r f shi clothes?
. what kind of clothes do you usually w r?
. Do you choose what l r clothes to w r depending your mood? Give example.

] Put tick next to the fashion-related adjectives that r positive and cross next to those that r negative.
1 stylish J 6 ugly
2 com { ortable 7 well-made L
m d r f 8 r s l l - ri d
4 beauti { ul 9 old-fashioned
5 r quality t] 10 expensive

Work with partner and answer the questions about the photographs. of you should
student and th th r should st dent . Remember to s the Useful Expressions.

Ll s -U
When taking part in
conversation, it is
important that U give
Ur5 lf and r partner
Student : m r photos 1 and 2 and say what kind of situations each style time to think. Most
of clothes would suitable for. conversation5 often h
student : What kind of clothes do you prefer to W r most ofthe time? Why? 5hort paUses qiving the
5peakers both the tjme
to take in what the th r i
rs has Said and the :
time to think about what ]

they Want to say next. :

Student : m r photos and 4 and say how these l are involved

r, Student
in fashion.
: Which job would you r f r?

i U | l { ,xpress\oyls
( :i@n Giving yourself time to think
NoW, l t see ...
Ju5t moment, please.
Discuss these questions with rt r. |'m not 5 r , Perhaps ...
. what kind of clothes are in fashion now? Wh t the Word l WaS looking for?
. Do u think it good thing that fashions h g every year? wh ? vh not? What did l/you Want to 5 ?
. Do the clothes person w rs i fl what you think of them? wh ? vh t?
15
 ! Vt l r
phrasal verbs
Match the phrasal verbs 1-8 to their meanings -h.
1 do up w r clothes that r smart
2 take up make clothes sm ll r and tighter
put on { asten something with zip or button
4 Wear out t] d shorten clothes folding u the btottom edge and Stitching it
5 try L] use something so mu h that it becomes useless
6 take off ] f place clothes your body and w r them
7 take in _] g see if piece of clothing fits you r looks i
8 dress up t] h remove clothes fr m your t,ody

Complete the sentences with phrasal verbs from .

1 Make sure you the dress f you buy it. lt looks r big.
2 Please ur t,oots before you come inside. h 'r covered in mud.
r coat f r you leave. lt freezing outside.
4 You will ur trainers r quickly if you jog every day.
5 you don't need to f r dinner W 'r l going out for pizza.
6 She has lost iot of weight d h s to ll h r clothes.
7 l must have put Weight because i can't m skirt!
8 lvlv w ieans r too lono so Mrlm will them for me,

word formation
Complete the sentences With the correct { orm of the words.
1 belt and l urful s rf are great to make your outfit stand out. ACCESSORISE
2 Being , very expensive! Designer clothes cost f t ! FASH| ON
Kate N4oSS has ught out r g of clothes that you buy in the high
Street ShopS, AFFoRD
4 The models at the photo shoot looked so they w r all dressed up. GLAMOUR
5 l love ur new earrings! You always w r such lovely . JEWEL
6 Dolce & Gabbana's new is fantastic,
']
h r r so m nice clothes. COLLECT
7 The fanrous singer has quiLe ar way of dressing. 5h always looks so l
and stylish. ALTERNATE
8 h sell their clothes to the biq department st r in London's West End. EXCLUS|VE

D Read what the different students say about fashion. Do you feel the same? Discuss with rt r.

l love being f shi and always l don't care about the

gr the opportunity to dress up latest fashions, l think
and look glamorous. l don't care having alternative
if the clothing is expensive eitber. style makes you Stand
I{ want to w r clothes from out from th crowd and
designer's latest collection, you shows your personality.
h to lot of m for the
items, lthink it definitely worth it!

,l54

l
 lnversion: Under ir mst s, r &
not l .,. but also
We use negative word or hr s at the
gi i g of sentence for emphasis. Read the
sentences below and notice how the word order
changes in s t . h answer the question
below.
l have r s so many beautiful shoes.
Never h lseen so m beautiful shoes.
lt's (about/high) time
What happens to the subject and the verb when Look at the sentences and answer the questions.
Never at the beginning of the sentence?
1 lt time you bought some good quality clothes.
2 lt t time l bought something { r myself.
3 lt high time h had haircut.
we can also use under ir mst s and
Not only ... but also for emphasis. Look at the Do these sentences refer to the present or the
sentences below and complete 1 and 2 with paSt?
the subject and verb. what is th tense of the main verb in these
1 h stylists not l choose the clothes, but sentences?
they also choose the jewellery.
Not only th clothes. Complete the rules.
but they also choose the jewellery, We use It (_/ )time + _tense to
2 You r 't allowed to use m credit card u d r complain about or criticise something or someone.
circumStances.
under no circumstances Read 12.2-12. of the Grammar Reference page 175
to use my credit card. before you do tfi task.

D choose the correct answers.

SE 1 Not l lot of m . but they also m Under circumstances _ the jacket without the
famous. receipt.
models are r i g can you h g
do models r you can't exchange
models r do you exchange
UR 2 Never such rude and noisy customer. Not l _ very expensive. but it is also very old-
have lseen fashioned.
l have seen that dress is
lsaw that dress was
i that dress
lt high time some new tr i s.
,slvE bought
have bought
did buy
4 Under circumstances my favourite jeans.
u W r
you wear
,]
are u g i g to w r
lk
a
5 Never so many bargains!
I hadn't seen
rd
hadn't lseen
and
had lseen
lity.
6 lt'S about time We to the 5ale5.
have gone
Went
9
 Wrrti 4
5upporting your arguments
When you express your opinion about film or event in review, you
make your arguments m r convincing giving examples of what you are
talking about. We use the following language to introduce examples: r
m l , ..., F r instance, ..., ... such as ,.., One m l of this was .,., his
was particularly i us/ ti wh .,., Take .., for m l d l this/
case,... .

Match the arguments 'l _5 with the supporting examples - .

1 The models were obviously inexperienced.
2 h colours used went really well together [l
3 lt was obvious the udi wasn't imp essed. f-l
4 LotS { the equipment Went Wrong
5 The show was given gr t Vi Ws.

one critic said it was the best show he'd r seen.

F r example, several l left during the interval.
ln model was looking down at her feet as she was walking.
case,
d This included things such as the lights t working and the music system ki g down.
This was particularly noticeable with the r g s and yellows used the first designer.

Read the writing task and choose from the sentences , the one which best fits each 9 (1-5).
Y u r t/ attended fashion show that u weren't impressed with. Y u h seen thb u m t fashic-
website and decide to write about the sh w you saw.
1 What do you have to write?
Hare votl g t l f shi ? Doe, r r i g rtt
2 Will you write in positive r negative way? Why?
, . '.
j. " " ..,rl ,rik life appeal to rou? h
b,'.od,b n"d What kind of things should you focus ?
;,.i ""
;.;;;;;; Gth,,h i *th"yorl,, d d, The 4 Will you write about it in objective way r fr m
.,' ..l. r,r" , -, " , ,
. u ish d ur , ,ir , rs l point of view? Wh ?
" ,,i.. i *, ''ill

Write your review.

Read the model review and put the example sentences in the correct places.
F r instance, the trousers were too
Fashion week l s long for to actually w r.
.As f ll w r of fashion, l look f w rd to attending the big events in l case, of them fell off the
the fashion l d r. (1) This promised to the best eve1 caMalk.
and was opened new designer Moldo, However, the show turned Take F shi Week for example,
out to very disappointing. which l haven't missed for the last
{ ive years,
Moldo was presenting his Summer Collection. The designs, though,
m for autumn. (2) Old songs groups such as The
W r Suit l addition, the clothes Were
Beatles were unsuitable f r m d r
impractical. (3)
fashion show.
As the designs weren't brad enough, the show itself had some major
if Eor example, the colours of the
ms, IMany models w r obviously inexperienced. (4) Another fabrics used were only r w
low point WaS the music, (5) and grey.

The show was means u to standard and rt i l didn't do lot

for Fashion Week's reputation. Let's hope next year's show will better.
,l56

t
 -cok 9 i !

) Read the model review again and tick the things the writer has done.
,1
used appropriate title
2 given kgr u d information to the event L]
described some negative and some positive points
4 given m es of things that made bad impression
5 commented the consequences of the show L]
6 covered ]l points mentioned in the task

Write the correct paragraph number next to these descriptions.

D s ri some g r i r l ms with the show. t]
Provide some background details and say which show will reviewed. t]
D s i the clothes modelled.
d Makeageneral comment the consequences ofthe show forthefuture.

- Complete the sentences with words from the Useful Expressions.

1 l like fashion. l'd say l'm ( ) bUt l'm de in:tely not (.)
2 lenjoy i 9 a(n) and working in the sLudio, b,ut l'd hate to ( t
l don't like being watched!
At a(n) , models walk down the
4 This is gr t , but l think you should us different f r it, Wool
isn't appropriate.
5 Nina designs iike high heels and { or th h.

r to you !

Read the writing task and make r gr h plan for your review.
Remember to support your arguments with examples.
y u h seen thb u m t on fashion website d decide to write
about show you saw that made positive rmpression on you. Ll s -U
Before yoU Sta rt Writin9,
Underline all the things in
F shi U)ebsite the ta5k u 5hould include
in r review. Make
What Was the highlight of Separate noteS for them and
decide which ofthe words
this year's Fashion Week
from the Useful ExpresslonJ
for you? Was there show yoU coUld U5e to describe
that particUIarly impressed each one. Don't forget to
you? Then Write uS review include examples.
describing the collection,
the models and the show in
9 r l. The best ones Will
appear on our website.

Write ur review. (1 20-1 80 words)

d r l)s | l { r ss\ ,s
Describing fashion Useful adjectives
acce55orie5 design fashion show high heels (in)appropriate colourfuI
catwalk designer fashion victim model (in)experienced dull
clothes evening W r follower of fashion swimwear (im)p actical fashiona ble
collection fabric footWear (Un)impresSive trendy
(un)5uitable

157
 .. i]
l

,l,. i l ,- _ l
] How m h do you know about silk? Look at the statements below and write
for true or F for false.
'l Siii < worms l eat the leaves of the lVul , rr tree.
2 si l < worm needs week to grow to fu maturity.
lt takes si l < worm f u days to t its .
4 h of silkworm is usua] v k_
5 is made of thr d that is l ut 800 metres g,
6 You need app oximate]y 1,000 si kw rm cocoons to make metre of si [ { ri ,

Watch the DVD and circle the words you hear.

'] h affected it, but at factory h r , the ways of the past i ;. ,' i.,] the same,
2 r , the continuous is { th d " .i: 5]. i._i.i, l; ooms ri qs back to the past,
These noisy 19t tu ooms create some of the world's finest si k { i s f r u t i 5 and text] es L;l - sTc
4 Above him, th r r specia r cards that rr the designs f r compllcated ]..t_er-5 // .].s q.s, "
5 Hand-made silk also makes specia noise and , tt r h ds its : -; l,.e , [l:rll.
6 h , the threads r r r d di g to bow they will g,r'1, " ,: .1gl:r;],
"
7 r piece of coth is l-n.]e :L ]ii]:.l , lj._ji:] ] l i:]._:.
8 lt seems that the Setiflcio has l ]el-i , _-l l,-l the t of ma < ing si k,

, Complete the summary of the DVD below using these words,

ijieciIon a.lw.j i;Ii"lc i -l; a]a: ;s i"ij|] lh ;d .r/ ;ii; ,;

The Antico Setlflcio Fiore tlno is also k w as the Antique Si k Factory of F . h silk produced at the Antique
Sill < F t r i Fl r is different fr m that produced in otber factories, At this special { actory, th f ri is h d-w
antique (1) whi h w r built ] 1780.
h the same (2) principles th t have used f r hundreds of years, f r the weaving
even begin5, the silk ( ) is ss d machines that r ] 50 r5 d. The workers have to place
the si l < thread the bobbins very carefu so it doesn't twist duri g the weaving
(4) , h then work slow and weave thread at time.
h silk that comes { r m th
factories usually h s about ,000 to 4,000 threads u i g
n one (5) h piece offabric, (6) , the
hand-made si k has about ] 2,000 threads i th same space th]s makes b,etter
qua ity (7) that is also much stronger,
h r um r of th r diff r s between the two types { silk, First of l ,
the hand-woven f i ooks mu h m r beautifu: its l ur changes i different
Jighting conditions, Second , it h ds its 5h better than m h] made s] k,
h r is other unusua difference: the hand-made sill < makes different noise
wh you (8) ur hand r tlre f i l
';'"
At the Antico Setificio Fi r ti , style ancl tradition come together i beautifu ''
hand-woven si k fabrics.
,}
Discuss these questions with partner.
. What other hand made products you think of?
. Do u think lt's worth the time and fl rt to do things l h d
r iS it l tt r to us machines when possible? Why? / Why t?
158

&
 Units 11 &12

O^v l^r
) - Match.
1 police L- sentence
2 commit window
plead L-] crime
4 shop f d service
5 k r rd
6 community Lr f 9uilty
7 s r L g the law

ir l the correct prepositionS.

1 'Take up / offthose muddy shoes now!' she told m ,
2 Kate i5 not familiar to / with the trends i fashion these days.
3 Athletes usually w r up / out their t i rs ry fast.
4 Stylists are responsibLe with / f choosing cele ity's clothes.
5 ' careful you don't dirty u shirt or you'll get t / into tr u ,'
6 The didn't get away at / with stealing. The police caught him.
7 'You are in / under arrest f r the burglary at 24 Ri Road,' said the officer,
8 lt's very cold, so you might want to do in / up yourjacket.
9 Shoplifting is a9ainst / fr m the law and you can get huge fine,
10 Everyone has to put off / on slippers before entering the house.

,_ complete the sentences With both words.

1 r fu d djscount theft thief
Sa es assis + ants get began his life of rim as
of the products in the shop. and went to burglaries be { ore he was caught.
You must r t r the dress within 14 days if you h r r cameras all over the shop to prevent
Want
atibi motive tri [ verdict
can't guilty of the rim because h has The defendant was hoping for not-guilty
a(n)
Police try to find a(n) when h lasted for months and was
they investigate crime. in the news every day.
[abel receipt bargains purchases
Jane liked sweater, ut when she saw the price Mary usually makes h r Christmas
the sh put it back. at the last minute.
Don't lose your in case Let's go to the mall. l heard there r m
U Want to exchange these jeanS.
r st al suits fits
lfyou fr m shop, it's h shirt is lovely and it really
called shoplifting. your colouring very much.
was arrested because h tried to Look, my black ski t me now
bank. after ll the weight l lost.

,!
59
 Units 11&

( r v r
Complete the sentences with who, which, whose, where r when. h , tick the sentences where
that used too.
1 The lawye1 WaS arrested last night, denied Stealin9 company money.
2 Jane bought lovely evening dress was rg i . L]
This is the street the t ri l accident happened, t]
4 Tony's father, job involves lot of traveIling, is detective. t]
5 weekends r time lot of arrests r made-
6 famous writer, was 56 rs old, was murd r d last night.
7 The thief was given two-year-sentence WaS taken to riS .
8 The policemen patroL the streets { oot make l feel sa { er.

Complete the sentences with present or past participle using these verbs.
investigate live ff se[[ 5 t take wait watk
1 The young m to two months of community service Was li d t
to 9 to prison,
2 lt must very unpleasant f r l in areas with high number
of crimes.
h depaftment Store great discounts WaS fUll of customerS yesterday
4 h pictures at the crime 5 show how the house was r k into.
5 Police the rim are l ki g f r three m in their 20s.
6 Those l outside the Urt are journalists,
7 l\4ost of the clothes in thi boutiq.le are very expensive,
8 h top model the catwalk at the m m t i5 m Sister,

Complete the second sentences 5 they have similar m i g to th first sentences. Use the words
i bold,
1 The police had never seen such terrible rim . s
Never such t rri l crime-
The hairdresser is going to style D i l hair tomorrow. hair
Debbie is going bv th hairdresser tomorrow.
You should go home now s it's getting late, high
lt W because it'S getting late.
large department store will seJlthe w designer's clothes. his
The new designer l rg d tm t store.
h rli was charged with burglary and assault, charged
Not only ut he was also charged with assault.
6 Mum does my aunt'S nails r two weeks. gets
alrnt l um every two weeks.
7 Martin's r was stolen last week. had
rti ast Week.
8 Employeesshould r forget to set the l rm wh closing the office. no
U d r { orget to set the l rm wh closing the office,

160
 lnfinitive Past Simple Past Participle
was/were
beat beat t
become became brecome
begin bega begun
bite bit bitten
blow blew lown
break broke l r k
ri g brought brought
broadcast broadcast broadcast
build bui t bu iIt
ur burnt ur t
buy bought bought
cou ld
catch caught caught
choose chose chosen
m come
co5t cost coSt
cUt cUt cUt
dea l dealt dealt
do did done
draw drew drawn
dr m dreamt dreamt
drink drank drunk
d rive drove driv
eat ate eaten
fa ll fell fal
feed fed fed
feel felt felt
fi9 ht fought fought
find found found
fly flew flown
forecast forecast forecast
forget forgot forgotten
9et 9ot 9ot
give gaVe given
9 Went 9
groW 9rew 9rown
have had had
h r heard h rd
hide hid h idden
hit hit hit
hold held he]d
hurt hurt hurt
keep kept kept
know knew known
lead led led
lea rn lea r t lea r t
V left left
{ end lent le nt
]et let let
176
lnfinitive Past Simple Past Participle
lie lay lain
li9ht lit it
lose lost lost
meant meant
make made made
lTeet met l]let
paid paid
p1,oVe proved r V
pUt put pUt
read r d |r d] read Ir d]
ride rode ridden
i g r 9 ru 9
rise roSe rise
rU r rU
5 said said
See SaW Seen
sell sold sold
send 5ent Sent
Set Set Set
shake shook shaken
shine shone shone
show showed shown
shoot shot shot
sh ut shut sh ut
sing Sa 9 SU 9
sin k sank sunk
Sit 5at Sat
S slept slept
slide slid slid
smell smelt sm e]t
speak spoke spoken
speed sped sped
spend Spe nt spent
sta nd stood stood
stea1 stole stolen
stick stuck stuck
stin k stan k stunk
SWeep SWept SWept
swim SWam SWum
t.]Ke took taken
teach taU9ht taught
te] told to]d
think thoUght thought
th r w threw th r w
u ndersta d understood understood
wa ke woke woken
W r Wore W r
wi W W
write Wrote Written

177
 lnformal letter / email to pal
Wh writing an informal letter/email to l.
. make it l r why you r writing.
. use i { rm l, friendly language and short { orms ofverbs. l ]ud hr s l verbsandidioms,
. ask lots { qUestions to keep tbe r d r interested.
. ask the r d r to r l to you.

Pla

Greeting
D r ,.., / Hi -,.,

r 9r h 1
lntroduce yourself and expJain wh u' writing,
m 's ... / l'm .... / Let m tell about _..

Paragraphs 2 &
Give details about u s lf, your friends and ur famiy. Ask the person questionS about
the same things. Talk about the things you have in common (if appropriate),
How m people are there i your family? f amily consists of .., / Da you get
wel] with .-. ? / m m d dad r .-- / How da you get With .., ? / We hive lots i
mm ,..

Paragraph 4
Talk about things u like, Write about u hobbies d what you do in ur free time,
h ask for the same information fr m the rs u'r writing to.
l'm i to .,, / l'm { of ... / l'm k ,,. / What do you .,. ?

Signing off
As < the d r to Write back d sign of { ,
That's all for w. / Write back s ! / Looking forward to hearing fr m you. / i
touch! / Love, ... / Take care, / f r w,

l f rm l letter checklist
. Have you followed the plan? t-
. Have you used appropriate language? f.
. Have you checked f r mistakes in 9r mm r/ spelling and punctuation? f
' ls your letter weJl organised and interesting f r the r d r?

17
Eormal letter / email
Yhen writing formal letter,/email,
. clearly state the reason f r writing and what you want to h as resu t of ur
rr sd .
. always polite and us formal language,
. answer all the questions d/ r f r to al the points in the original letter/email if you r
r ying to S m .

Pla

opening
Use forma greeting.
D r Mayor, / D r 9ir/Madam, / Dear r ..- / rs ..,,

Paragraph 1

lntroduce yourself and u r s for writing.

/ m the stud t representative ... / l m writing to i f rm you .,. / h reason l m writing
is .,. / l m writing wjth r f r to ... / l m writing i r s s to ur email / letter,..

r 9r h 2
Give m r information about ur r s f r writing. l\4ake suggestions or
reco m m dations.
First|y, r g rdi g .,. / l addition, .,. / lwould like to k w if/whether ... / 1would
grateful if you cou/d te// m ,.. / Please /et m know ,.. / l was w d ri g if ,..

Paragraph
lVake th r point, discuss and make any f rth r suggestions r recommendations.
lt w uld better to ... / solution wou/d to ... / a/ternative idea might to .,.
/ Would you /ike m to .,,? / lthink we sh uld ... / lwould r mm d .-. / lwould also like
to ask t ,.. /
Paragraph 4
Sum up ur arguments and give persona opinion (if r ri t ). Say what you want to
h next.
Given the above, it is m i i that ... / l think we/you should .., /
h k you in advance far ,., / l would r i t it if you could reply s .

Closing
Use f rm l hr s for closing the ]etter.
!]oak lorward to hearing { r r yocl,
Sig off i appropriate way.
Yours faithf lly,.,- (if you don't know the d r's m ) r Yours si r / , ... (if you know
the r d r's m ).

F rm l letter checklist
. Have you followed the l ? t]
. Have you used appropriate language?

' Have you checked f r mistakes in grammar, spelling d punctuation? J

' ls your letter/email wel1 organised?

,l79
lnformal email/ letter
When writing i f rm l email/letter,
. make it l r why you are writing.
. use informal, friendly language and sh rt forms of verbs. l l d phrasal verbs and idioms.
ask lots of questions to keep the reader inte ested.
. ask the r d r to reply to u.

Pla n

Greeting
Hi ..., / Dear ..,,

Paragraph 1
Thank the r d r { or his/her email/ |etter if r ri t r ask about him/her and say why
you are writing.
h k you for your email. / lt wa gr t to get ur email.
How are ? /lh u'r well.
That's why l'm writing. / As you know, ... / !'m writing to ...

Paragraph 2
Give details about why you are writing and say what neWS ' got.
l'm l i g.,. / l'm thinking of ... / W ' decided to ... / Did ttell U ut...?

Paragraph
Give more information.
i additio , ... / Also, ... / As { r .., / the way ...

Paragraph 4
Finish off your writing and add final points you want to make.
Fi ll , ... / Let m know if, .,.,/ R m m r to .,. / lcan'twaitto..,

Signing off
5 you s ! / i touch. / That's all f r w. / Write back s ! / Talk to you later!
Love, ...

Email checklist
. Have you followed the plan?
.
.
Have you USed r ri t |anguage?
Have you checked for mistakes in gr mm r, spelling and punctuation?
J
. ls your email/letter well organised and interesting for the r d r?
 Story
Wh writing story,
. spend few minutes thinking about how you want u story to deve and make notes.
. make sure you include l r beginning, middle and end.
. set the scene in the first r gr h and create strong atmosphere.
. use rr ti tenses such as the past simple and the past continuous.
. use phrases to sequence events clearly,
. r m m r to include adjectives and adverbs to add drama and suspense.

Pla n

Paragraph 1

Set the s and introduce the main h r t rs. I k the introduction s u d interesting r
dramatic. Use the sentence you are given in the task i { necessary.
As s as th d the door, they k w something w s wrong.

Paragraph 2
Give background l f rm ti about the h t rs and what is going ,
The s family h d bought this beautiful old h us in the country.

Paragraph 3
Describe the main events in order.
At first, ... / h , ... / h m m tt t .-. / whi! , ...

Paragraph 4
lntroduce twist i the story (if r ri t ).
That was wh -.. / S after that .., / Suddenly, ... / Just then, ... / As s as ..,

r 9r h 5
Bring the story to d and say what the outcome was.
Eventually, ,.. / We r went to that area g i . / Sally knew it would r h again.

Story checklist
. Have u followed the plan?
. V you used appropriate language? t]
. Have you checked { or mistakes in 9r mm r, spelling and punctuation? t
. ls r story well organised and interesting for the r d r? L

181

;
 Article
When writing an i l ,
think about who you're writing for and use suitable Style.
. write down ur ideas and select the best 5.
. think of title that Wi|l get Ur reader'S attention.
. make sure each r gr h begins with topic sentence.
. use direct and indirect questions as well as va riety of short and l g r Sentences to captu re the reader's i t r st,
put the main points o { your article into the middle paragraphs.

l
Title
Give your article eye-catching title.
mm s s fights the mm cold / fit and keep you shape

Paragraph 1
Get the attention of the r d r and introduce the topic of your article.
Have you r wonderedlasked yourself/thought about .,.
you im i .,,?

Paragraph 2
Give some basic information.
gi with, ... / Firstly, ..,

r 9r h 3
Add extra important in { ormation,
Exercise speeds up your metabolism d h s you /ose weight m r easily.

r gr h 4
Give r personal { eelings h r . Say what you like or dislike.
h best thi g is ,.. / l m i i , ... / s f r as l'm r d, ...

Paragraph 5
Summarise d give your opinion. Talk about future event (if apPropriate),
So, ,,, / Always try r best d r give up! / R m m r r ti is better than cure.

i l checklist
. Have you { ollowed the l ?
. Have u used appropriate language?
' Have you checked for mistakes in 9r mm r, spelling and punctuation?
' ls ur articie well organised and interesting f r the reader?

182
Review
When writing review,
. think of suitable title for ur review,
. try to catch the reader's attention in the first paragraph.
. r m m , r to s rt arguments with examples.
. r m m to give r opinion i the last r 9r h.

Plan
Title
Give r review eye-catching titie.

Para9raph 1

lntroduce What are reviewing,

r ... / Why t try ...? / lf you like ... / .,, is w rth tr .,,

r 9r h 2
Describe what you are reviewing. Give the reader an idea of what you r writing about.
.,. set i ,.. / ... m i s ... with .., / ... is ideal for ...
F r example, ... / F r i st , ...

Para9raph 3
Give further details about what .l are reviewing,
the way, ... / That doesn't m that, ... / the other h d ...
m / of th]s, ... / l this case, ...

r 9r h 4
End the review give your opinion.
l highl r mm d ... / l w uld 't recommend .,. / ... shou/d t missed

Review checklist
. Have followed the plan?
. Have you used r ri t language?
. Have you checked for mistakes in 9r mm r, spelling and punctuation?
. ls r review well organised and interesting f r the r d r?

18:
Report
When writing report,
allow yourself time to l what you will including i ur r rt.
. consider the advanta9es and disadvanta9es of each option.
think of Suitable title { or r r rt.
. remember to use headings to organise your report and make your ideas l r r,
. use f rm l language d I g f rms.

Plan
Title
Health & Safety at r sl rim ry S h l

r 9r h'l
Say why you r writing the report.
h aim/purpose of this report i5 to r s t/r mm d/r vi w/ mi ,,. / This is
r rt ... / This r will r s t the findings of ... / lt wjll also make suggestions/
r mm d ti s for ... / ltwill also suggest/recommend/discuss/analyse ...

r gr h 2
Discuss the first point r option and evaluate it d/ r make suggestions.
h first option is/would ,.. / This m good choice ... because ... / the other
h 1, there m some disadvantages.

Paragraph 3
Discuss the second point or option and evaluate it d/ r make suggestions.
a/ternative possibility would to ... / Alternatively, ... / However, ... / This option has
severa/ advanta9e5ldisadyantages ..,

Paragraph 4
Bring the r rt to an d summing up the suggestions made. Recommend { the
options r r { r to future action.
/n /usi , ... / sum up, the m i recommendationslsuggestions are .. . / As
seen fr r thi r rl ... / F r these reasons, / feei that the best ti i5 .., ,/

Report checklist
. Have you followed the plan?
. Have you used appropriate language?
. Have you checked f r mistakes i gr mm r, spelling and punctuation?
. ls your t well organised?
Essay
Wh writing essay,
. think at,out the topic and your opinion on it.
. S t the arguments for and against the topic i r 9 hs 2 and .
. use examples to 5u t the arguments you make.
. summarise your arguments and express your opinion in the last 9r h.
. use formal r semi formal language,

Plan
Paragraph 1

lntroduce the topic.

It is mm { r people to .,, / people feel that ... / l sometimes argue that ... /
Most peopie 5 that..-

Paragraph 2
r s t one side of the argument and give examples.
Firstly, .-. / the h d ... / F r m I , ,.. / As result, ... / Moreover, ...

Paragraph
Present the th r side of the argument and give examples.
the other h d, ... / Anotber r 15 that.,. / However, ... / s q tl , ... / F r
instance,..,

r 9r h 4
Summarise your 9um Ls and g've ur opirion.
On the wh / , ,.. / l lusi , ,,. / l d , .., / sum up, ... / l strongly believe
that...

Essay checklist
. Have you followed the l ?
. Have you used appropriate language?
. Have you checked for mistakes i 9r mm r/ spelling and punctuation?
. ls ur essay well orqanised?

185
 Using Iinking words Expressing i i
l the first photo .... but in the second photo .., Well, in m i i ...
l the first photo ..., while in the second photo ... lt Seems to me that .,,
l both the first and th second photo, ... Personally speaking, l thi k-/ f r .,.
Although in the fir t photo ..., i the second h t ... l feel strongly that ...
lf you look at the firsVsecond h t , ... 5 l See it, ...
l certainly don't think that ,..
Talking about similarities and differences l (don't) think/believe ... is important because ...
similarity/difference between the two photos is ... You should(n't) ... because...
th r similarity/difference between the first and th .,. is good idea because..,
Second photo is that ... lt's not sh good idea to .., because ...
The l similarity/difference l see between the two lt would better to .,. because ,,
photos is ..,
ln the first photo .,., whereas in the second photo ... Asking for clarification
Both photos have/show ... Could you repeat that, please?
Neither of the photos have/show ... Would you mind repeating that, please?
|'m s rr . l didn't quite get that.
Recommending Sorry. What do you m ...?
lthink th firsVs d option is best because ...
lt's better to ... than ... 5howing that you r listening
|'d advise you to ... ,
recommendation/Suggestion iS that ... Yes.
Ri9ht.
Persuading and i i g That'S an interesting point.
|'m sure you'd 9r that... would h l solve the mystery. l see what you m ,
But don't you think that ,.. is r ll good idea? l understand what you're saying.
S r l using ... won't make that much of difference. That's exactly wh t l Was thinking,
... is good idea, isn't it?
Considering alternatives
Sequencing your ideas the hand. ...
begin with .., the other hand, ,..
Firstly, ... Although it's true that..., you could also say ...
Secondly,... Some might say .... but others think ,..
Well, for thing ..,
th r thing is that ... Stating preferences
l also believe tbat ... lthink ... js much better than ...
Wh t iS m r ... honest, l'd r { r ...
Fi ll , ... l r f r.., -ing to ... -ing.
Last but not least. ... h r 's comparison. l'd much r t r ...

Paraphrasing Giving reasons

Will robots r r l humans? l say this because ...
Will robots r do the job of bumans? The m i reason for my saying this is that ...
Technology has simpIified our lives. One of the r s s l decided ... is that ...
h l g has made r lives easier. lchose... because..,
you think of any fi / drawbacks of mobile phones? l suggest ... because ...
r there advantages / disadvanta9es of mobile phones
that you can think of? Suggesting alternatives
lnstead of.... he/she could ...
Expressing certainty lf lwere him/h r, l'd ...
Without d , l'd say that ... What about... -ing?
|'m certain / positive that ... ... might way r u d the problem.
There's no dou in my mind that .,.
Giving yourself time to think
Expressing uncertainty Now, let's see ...
lt's hard to say, but ... JuSt moment .,.
|'m not S r . |'m not sur . h s ...
l suppose (that) ... What's the word l was looking f r?
lt's possible that ..., but ... What did l/ u want to 5 ?

186
a9ainSt the laW (U11) launch new product (U9)
at all costs (U9) make difference (U1)
ray of sunshine (U7) make profit (U5)
as quick as lightning (U7) make progress (U 5)
down to earth (U 7) make somebody redundant (U9)
as good as gold (U1) make trouble f r somebody (U1)
gr with envy (U,l) m d (my) ways (U1
,1)

in deep water (U7) of { the top of (my) head (U )

snowed u d r (U7) behalf of (U9)
tickled pink (U1) pick (my) brains (U )
up and coming (U 5) plead guilty (Ul1)
be/ { eel under the weather (U ) recharge (my) batteries (U )
break habit (U1) reject ff r (U9)
k the ice (U1) Save (my) Strength (U1)
k the law (U11) save time (U 1)
do business (U5) see r d (U1)
do somebrody the world of good (U ) set (my) sights on (U 5)
do your trest (U 5) set the w ld fir (U5)
feel blue (U1) solve case (U11)
feel as fresh as daisy (U ) Somethin9 dates back to (U6)
get the sack (U9) tackle rim (U11)
go bankrupt (U 5) take h (U 5)
go into t rShi (U 5) take somebody surprise (U9)
have police rd (U11) take someone's (U5)
l
have in common (U1) th k sh of the family (U1)
have (m ) head in the clouds (U7) throw in the towel (U5)
hold onto somethin9 (U6) u d r rr st (U,1 1)
in fact (U9) under pressure (U,1 1)
keep promise (U,]) w rk (my) socks off (U 5)
keep in touch (U,1) work shifts (U9)

1 7
 drop in (U7)
approve of (U 1)

t, m m r of (U3)
among the first (U11)
associated with (U1)
at risk of (U )
i de (U9)
known as (U5)
t of w rk (U9)
surprised (U7)
under pressure (U11 )

vaccinated against (U )
blame somebody for (U9)
burst out of (U7)
surprise (U9)
r about (U9)
congratu]ate somebody (U9)
to
contriblute (U )
covered with (U7)
depend on (U )
differ from (U7)
do research (U7)
dream of (U5)
familiarwith (U] 1)

{ ocus on (U3)
get engaged to (U 1)

have effect on (U])

have confidence in (U])
have (little/lots/something) in mm (U1)
in fact (U9)
in my i i (U9)
in the world (U5)
l r from (U5)
make success of something (U5)
on behal { of (U9)
on the planet (U5)
time (U9)
attention to (U'11)
provide somebrody with (U9)
reaction to (U9)
r s si for (U]1)
shout at (U1)
solution to r l m (U9)
spread to (U5)
succeed i (U9)
surprised (U7)
the real;ty of (U11)
the survival of (U7)
the top of (U9)
w rk something (U3)
work with somet,ody (U9)

188
back up = make ofthe work ur m ut r (U4)
believe i = sur that something exists (U2)
st off : leave the ground and head for space (U4)
i g out : publish or produce something (US)
bring round : convince somebody to h opinion g their (US)
check in : arrive at hotel and lect your key (U10)
come up With = think of and suggest idea, solution, etc (U4)
date back to = exist since rti ul time (U6)
die out = m extinct or disappear (U6)
dig up = r m something fr m the gr d that was bruried (U6)
do up = fasten something with zip r button (U12)
dress up = w r clothes that r sm t (U'12)
drop off = take somebodY somewhere, usually in car or other Vehicle, and leave them th r (U10)
get around = move fr m place to l (U1O)
9et away = succeed in escaping f m others (U1O)
get on : board l , train, etc (UlO)
hold onto = keep (U6)
hook up = connect to power supply (U4)
lay somebody off : stop employing somebody, make somebody redundant (U9)
let out = make t i s u d 2)
log in = gain acce5s to computer (U4)
look into = examine facts and in { ormation about Something (U2)
make out = m 9 to See Something (U2)
pass down = teach Story, tradition, etc to U g r generation (U6)
Pick out = choose (US)
pick up = 9 and collect somebody in your r and take them somewhere (US)
put forward = sh of ur ideas with others so they can discuss it (u6)
put off = discourage (U6)
put = clothes on ur body and w r them (U12)
t up = assemble r build (U']O)
ring back = telephone somebody again, r tur call made to you (US)
ring in = to t l h TV r radio show (US)
see off = wave goodbye to somebrody leaving from ir t, station, etc (U10)
set off = start j r (U6)
Set out : start j r (U]O)
Set up = get something r d (U4)
set u = use
equipment f r (U6)
stick to = l talk about subject (U2)
take in = dishonest, trick, deceive (U2)
take in = make clothes smaller and tighter (U12)
take of { = r m clothes from your body (U']2)
take = employ somebody (U9)
take r = begin to have t l of or responsibility f r someth -: (U6)
take up = shorten clothes folding -
:h bottom edge s:::- -. : (Ur2)
try = see if piece of clothing iirs lol or looks nice (U12)
tu i = isten to radio
r gr mm c.,,.,,a,ich TV r gr --: (US)
tu out = stop listening to something , sc-ebody (US)
Wear out = use something so much th : ': .. 5 Use eS: | |J12
work = try hard to improve r achiere s)-e'l n9 (U
 Unit 1
Speaking
student : Use the in { ormation below to answer Student '5 questions.

What

What are r options? Tell him that the outfit isn't s it and ff r Say thi g about the outfit and let him
to help him choose s m Lhi 9 Lhat i5 more 9 to the rt i it, hoping for the best,
m d .
What is the disadvantage lf you tell him that the outfit isn't S it , he lf people at the party make fun of his
of each option? might very upset r think that you r being outfit, h might gr with you for
unkind. might t want to your friend not telling him that it WaS not Suitable.
m r . might think it is your duty as his best
friend to tell him th truth.

Unit 1'l
5peaking
Student : Use the in { ormation below to answer Student A's questions.

What is the problem? Y ur th r Nicholas is not doing well at school and h h s r tl become involved
with group of teenagers that go out at night and do graffiti. You think this is his way of
showing his dissatisfaction with his school d the system in general,
Option 1 option 2
talk to r talk to Nicholas
What are your options? You go straight to r parents You talk to Nicholas directly and listen to how
and tell them everything you know he feels about school and what is happening in
about Nicholas' behaviour. They will his life in general. You can suggest that he joins

What is the disadvantage

of each option?
forgive you for speaking to them h gi g out with th teenagers and h may
instead of talking to him directly. Your eventually start committing more serious crimes
relationship with him would suffer. and get into tr u with the police.

19