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1D Laminar Flame: 1 Cantera Day 7

This document summarizes research on 1D laminar flames. It discusses methane-air flames, calculating flame speed and thickness using Cantera. Species variations along the flame are plotted. Flame speed and temperature are calculated for varying equivalence ratios. Laminar flame thickness is determined from the temperature gradient. Mixture-averaged flame speed is 0.39 m/s and temperature is 2223 K. Flame speed increases and temperature decreases with increasing equivalence ratio from 0.7 to 1.6.

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Parth Gaikwad
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333 views9 pages

1D Laminar Flame: 1 Cantera Day 7

This document summarizes research on 1D laminar flames. It discusses methane-air flames, calculating flame speed and thickness using Cantera. Species variations along the flame are plotted. Flame speed and temperature are calculated for varying equivalence ratios. Laminar flame thickness is determined from the temperature gradient. Mixture-averaged flame speed is 0.39 m/s and temperature is 2223 K. Flame speed increases and temperature decreases with increasing equivalence ratio from 0.7 to 1.6.

Uploaded by

Parth Gaikwad
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1D Laminar Flame

November 5, 2021

[1]: from IPython.display import Image


Image(filename='Cantera.png',width=1000,height=400)
[1]:

1 Cantera Day 7
Author: Nikhil Verma

Research Scholar

Department of Mechanical Enginnering

Indian Institute of Science

Bangalore

2 Content: 1 D Laminar Flame


2.0.1 1) Methane Air Flame
2.0.2 2) Flame Speed
2.0.3 3) Flame Thickness
2.0.4 4) Species variation along the flame
2.0.5 References:
1) https://cantera.org/science/flames.html
2) https://cantera.org/documentation/docs-2.5/sphinx/html/cython/onedim.html#freeflame

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3) R. J. Kee, M. E. Coltrin, P. Glarborg, and H. Zhu. Chemically Reacting Flow: Theory and
Practice. 2nd Ed. John Wiley and Sons, 2017.

2.1 Laminar FLame Speed Calculation


[120]: ###############################################################
#
# ADIABATIC_FLAME - A freely-propagating, premixed flat flame
#
###############################################################
from IPython.display import display, Markdown
import cantera as ct
import numpy as np
#################################################################
gas = ct.Solution('gri30.xml')
#Parameter values :
#General
p = 1e5 # pressure
tin = 300.0 # unburned gas temperature
#Stoechiometry :
#Set gas state to that of the unburned gas
gas.TP = tin, p
gas.X = {'CH4':0.0950, 'O2':2/10.52, 'N2':2*3.76/10.52}
# - Refined grid at inlet and outlet, 6 points in x-direction :
width=0.05
#Create the free laminar premixed flame
f = ct.FreeFlame(gas, width=width)
f.inlet.T = tin
f.P = p
f.set_refine_criteria(ratio=2, slope=0.2, curve=0.4)
f.solve(loglevel=0, refine_grid=True)
#Save the results
points = f.flame.n_points
Markdown('**mixture-averaged Laminar flamespeed = {0:7f} m/s** '.format(f.
,→velocity[0]))

[120]:
mixture-averaged Laminar flamespeed = 0.390061 m/s

[119]: Markdown('**mixture-averaged flame temperature = {0:7f} K** '.format(f.T[-1]))


[119]:
mixture-averaged flame temperature = 2223.493769 K

2.2 Temperature Profile along the Flame


[73]: ## Ploting Temperature Variation along the flame
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

plt.plot(f.grid,f.T,'-o')

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plt.xlabel('Grid Location (m)')
plt.ylabel('Temperature (K)')
plt.show()

2.3 Major Species Variation


[34]: ## Ploting Temperature Variation along the flame
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

CH4i=gas.species_index('CH4')
O2i=gas.species_index('O2')
N2i=gas.species_index('N2')
CO2i=gas.species_index('CO2')
COi=gas.species_index('CO')

plt.plot(f.grid,f.X[CH4i],label='$CH_4$')
plt.plot(f.grid,f.X[O2i],label='$O_2$')
plt.plot(f.grid,f.X[COi],label='$CO$')
plt.plot(f.grid,f.X[CO2i],label='$CO_2$')

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plt.xlabel('Grid Location (m)')
plt.ylabel('Temperature (K)')
plt.legend()
plt.show()

2.4 Plotting Minor species


[44]: OHi=gas.species_index('OH')
Oi=gas.species_index('O')
Hi=gas.species_index('H')

plt.plot(f.grid,f.X[OHi],label='$OH$')
plt.plot(f.grid,f.X[Oi],label='$O$')
plt.plot(f.grid,f.X[Hi],label='$H$')

plt.xlabel('Grid Location (m)')


plt.ylabel('Temperature (K)')
plt.legend()
plt.show()

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2.5 Laminar Flame Thickness
Laminar flame thickness can be calculated as:

2.6
Tb − Tu
δf =
max( dT
dx
)

[105]: def derivative(T,x):


length=len(T);
dTdx=(T[1:-1]-T[0:-2])/(x[1:-1]-x[0:-2])
return dTdx

dTdx=derivative(f.T,f.grid)

fig, ax1 = plt.subplots()

ax2 = ax1.twinx()
ax1.plot(f.grid, f.T, 'g-')
ax2.plot(f.grid[0:-2], dTdx, 'b-')

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ax1.set_xlabel('Grid Location (m)')
ax1.set_ylabel('Temperature (K)', color='g')
ax2.set_ylabel('Derivative of Temperature (K/m)', color='b')
plt.show()

indMax=np.argmax(dTdx)
deltaf=(f.T[points-1]-tin)/dTdx[indMax]
Markdown('**Laminar Flame Thickness: {}** '.format(deltaf))

[105]:
Laminar Flame Thickness: 0.0004522300385946724

2.7 Variation of Laminar flame velocity with Equivalence Ratio


[70]: ###############################################################
#
# ADIABATIC_FLAME - A freely-propagating, premixed flat flame
#
###############################################################
#import :
import cantera as ct
import numpy as np

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#################################################################
# Prepare your run
#################################################################
def OneDFlame(phi,fuel,oxidizer):
#Import gas phases with mixture transport model
gas = ct.Solution('gri30.xml')
#Parameter values :
#General
p = 1e5 # pressure
tin = 300.0 # unburned gas temperature
#Stoechiometry :
#Set gas state to that of the unburned gas
gas.TP = tin, p
gas.set_equivalence_ratio(phi, fuel, oxidizer)
#Initial grid, chosen to be 0.02cm long :
# - Refined grid at inlet and outlet, 6 points in x-direction :
initial_grid = np.array([0.0, 0.001,0.01,0.015,0.02,0.025,0.03,0.035,0.04,0.
,→049,0.05],'d')/3

#Create the free laminar premixed flame


f = ct.FreeFlame(gas, initial_grid)
f.inlet.T = tin
f.P = p
f.set_refine_criteria(ratio=2, slope=0.2, curve=0.4)
f.solve(loglevel=0, refine_grid=True)
points = f.flame.n_points
return f.velocity[0],f.T[points-1]

fuel='CH4'
oxidizer="O2:0.21,N2:0.79"
# print('\n **************************************************')
Vel=[]
Temp=[]
for phi in np.linspace(0.7,1.6,20,endpoint=True):
u,t=OneDFlame(phi,fuel,oxidizer)
Vel.append(u)
Temp.append(t)

[70]: phi=np.linspace(0.7,1.6,20,endpoint=True)
plt.plot(phi,Vel,'-^',color="g")
plt.xlabel('Equivalence ratio ($\phi$)')
plt.ylabel('Laminar Flame Speed (K)')
plt.show()

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2.8 Variation of Laminar flame Temperature with Equivalence Ratio
[66]: plt.plot(phi,Temp,'-o', color="red")
plt.xlabel('Equivalence ratio ($\phi$)')
plt.ylabel('Temperature (K)')
plt.show()

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