Chapter 4.

Calculus of Several Variables

1. Given function: f ( x , y ) = x 3 + 2y 3 + 2xy 2 . Find f(0,1), f(1,2), f(a,b-1)

2. A competitive firm produces a product with a production function: Q = 3 K . L , where K, Q,
and L are calculated daily.
a. Write down the isoquant equation for the output Q=200
b. Express the firm's total revenue, total costs, and total profit for this item in terms of K and L,
given that the market price of product is $4, the price of capital is $15, the price of labor is $8,
and each the day the company has to pay $50 other costs.
1 5

3. A monopolistically produces has the procduction function: Q = 40 K 3 L6 and sells a product in a

market with a demand function D ( p ) = 350 − 3 p . Let's make a function that represents total
revenue in terms of K and L.
4. A monopolist produces two products with a combined cost function (Q is the quantity of product
i): TC = 3Q12 − 2Q1Q2 + 4Q22
a. How much does it cost the company to produce 4 units of product 1 and 2 units of product 2?
b. Given that the demand function for product 1 is D1 ( p1 ) = 320 − 5 p1 , the demand function for
product 2 is D2 ( p2 ) = 150 − 2 p2 . Create a function that represents the total profit of the
company in terms of Q1 , Q2 .
5. Suppose a consumer has the following utility function: U = xy + 4 y , where x is the quantity of
good A, y is the quantity of good B.
a. Write down the indifference equation, indicating that one of the bags on the indifference curve
is ( x = 4, y = 3) .
b. Tell me about two shopping bags ( x = 4, y = 3) and ( x = 5, y = 2 ) , which one is more
popular?
c. Suppose a consumer has 8 goods A and 3 goods B, and someone offers her some goods A for
good B. Ask that person to change at least how many goods A. Is she willing to change?
6. Find the limit of the sequence of points:
 3 2n − 1   n sin n 1 − 3n 2 
a. M n  ,  b. M n  , , 2 
 n n +1   n +1 n n + n +1
2 x3 y 2 + x + 3 y
7. Compute the limit by using defination: lim
x→2
y →−1 3x + 2 y
2x2 + y2
8. Prove that the following function has no limit: f ( x, y ) = when x → 0, y → 0.
3 xy
 x + y
 , x 2 + y2 ≠ 0
9. Given the function: f (x , y ) = 3x + 4y

0 , x =y = 0
Compute: lim f ( x, y )
x→ 0
y→ 0

x 2y 2 1 1
10. Compute the limits: a. lim 2 b. lim ( x + y ) sin sin
y →0 x y + ( x − y )
2 2
x →0 x →0
y →0 x y
11. Consider the continuity of the functions on R2:
Calculus of Several Variables sonlam Page 1
 , + ≠0 , + ≠0
, = , =
0 , = =0 0 , = =0
a. b.

, + >0
, =
0 , = =0
12. Given the function:

x
'
Compute f ( 0,0 ) , f ( 0, 0 ) . y
'

13. Find the partial derivatives of the following functions:

2 2 3
a. u = x y − y x b. u = ( 5 x 2 y − y 2 + 7 )
x
x y −
c. u = + d. u = e y

y x
 xy ( x 2 − y 2 ) 2
 , x + y 2 #0
14. Given the function: f ( x, y ) =  x + y 2 2


0 , x= y=0
Compute f xy'' ( 0,0 ) ; f yx'' ( 0,0 ) ;
15. A firm has the following production function: Q = 12 3 K 2 . L .
a) Calculate MPPK and MPPL at point (K = 125, L=100) and explain the meaning.
b) Show that MPPK decreases as K increases and L remains constant.
c) Show that MPPL decreases as L increases and K remains constant.
16. Indicate the consumer utility function U = x 0 ,4y 0 ,7 , where x is the quantity of good A and y is
the quantity of good B.
a) Create functions that represent the marginal utility of each good. Is this utility function
consistent with the law of diminishing marginal utility?
b) If the quantity of good A increases by 1% and the quantity of good B stays the same, by what
% will the profit increase?
17. A firm produces two products with the following combined cost function:
TC = 45 + 125Q1 + 84Q2 − 6Q12Q22 + 0,8Q13 + 1,2Q23 . Create functions that represent the
marginal cost of each product.
18. The demand function for a good is given as follows: Q = 35 − 0, 4 p + 0,15m + 0,12 ps . Where
Q, p are the quantity demanded and the price of that good; m is income; ps is the price of the
substitute good. Let's set up the representation function:
a) Price elasticity of demand.
b) Income elasticity of demand.
c) The price elasticity of demand for the substitute good.
19. 24. Evaluate the efficiency according to the scale of the production of the functions:
a) Q = 20K 0 ,4L0 ,3 b) Q = 5K 0 ,6L0 ,8 c) Q = 12 K 3 L2
20. Find all relative extrema points for the function f(x, y):
2 2 3 2
a) u = 13x + y − 5xy − 2x − 10y + 1 b) u = x + 3xy − 15x − 12y
2 2 2 2 2 2
c) u = x + 2y + 3z − 2xy − 10y − 12z d) u = 6xz − 3x − 2y − 9z + 8x + 12y
21. Find all relative extrema points for the hidden function z=z(x, y) defined by the following
equation: x 2 + y 2 + z 2 − 2x + 2y − 4z − 10 = 0
22. Find (x,y) to that the function: u = 2x 2 − 4xy + 5y 2 − 8x − 16y + 125 has the absolute minimum
value on R2.

Calculus of Several Variables sonlam Page 2

23. Find (x,y,z) to that the function u = 4xy − x 2 − 6y 2 − 3z 2 + 12y + 36z + 1 has the absolute
minimum value on R3.
24. Find all relative extrema points for the function u = 3x 2 + 5xy subject to the constraint:
x + y = 16
25. Find all relative extrema points for the function u = 2x + 9y + 1 subject to the constraint:
x 2 + 3y 2 = 31
26. Find all relative extrema points for the function u = x 0,3y 0,7 subject to the constraint:
5x + 4y = 200
27. Find all relative extrema points for the function u = x − 2y + 2z subject to the constraint:
x 2 + y2 + z2 = 1
28. Find all relative extrema points for the function u = 5x + 4y + 3z subject to the constraint:
x 2 + 2y 2 + 3z 2 = 36
29. Find all relative extrema points for the function u = xy 2z 3 subject to the constraint:
x + 2y + 3z = 18 (x > 0, y > 0, z > 0)
30. Given Utility function:U = (x + 3)y where x is the quantity of good A, y is the quantity of good
B. Choose the maximum utility bag given that the price of good A is $5, the price of good B is
$20, and the consumption budget is $185
31. Given Utility function: U = xy + x + 2y
32. Given that the first good is sold for $2, the second is sold for $5, and the consumer's income is
$51, determine the quantity demanded of each good if consumers maximize its utility.
33. Given Utility function: U = x10,6x x0,25
34. Given that the first good is sold for $8, the second is sold for $5, and the consumer's income is
$680, determine the quantity demanded of each good if consumers maximize its utility.
35. Define Marshall demand functions for consumers, giving the utility function:U = x1x 2 + 3x1
0,7 0,3
36. Define Marshall demand functions for consumers, giving the utility function: U = x1 x 2
37. A firm has a production function: Q = 2K 0,3L0,5
a) Evaluate the effect of increasing the scale of production
b) Assume the price of capital is $6, the price of labor is $2, and the firm proceeds to produce a
fixed budget of $4800. How many units of capital does the unit use and how many units of
labor produce maximum output?
38. Answer the questions in exercise 21, with the production function: Q = 10K 0,8L0,6 . The price of
capital is $30, the price of labor is $10, and the firm conducts production for a fixed budget of
$2100.
39. A company produces a product with the following production function: Q = K (L + 5) . This
company received a contract to supply 5600 products. Give the plan using the factors K, L such
that the production of the contract quantity of output costs the least, given the capital rental price
wK=70 and the labor hire price wL=20
40. A purely competitive firm produces a combination of two products with the following cost
2 2
function (Qi is the quantity of product i): TC = 3Q1 + 2QQ 1 2 + 2Q2 + 10 . Choose the combined

output level (Q1, Q2) that maximizes profit when the price of product 1 is $160 and the price of
product 2 is $120.
41. Answer the questions in exercise 24 when: Cost function: TC = Q12 − 2QQ 2
1 2 + 2Q2 + 7 . Product

price 1: p1=$32, product price 2: p2=$16

Calculus of Several Variables sonlam Page 3

42. A firm produces a combination of two commodities with a cost function (Qi is the quantity of i-
th commodity, i=1,2): TC = 3Q12 + 2QQ 2
1 2 + 2Q2 + 55 . Choose the combined output level (Q1,

Q2) and the selling price of the commodity to maximize profit, when the market demand for the
company's commodities is as follows: Commodity 1: Q1 = 50 − 0.5p1 ; Commodity 2:
Q2 = 76 − p2 .
43. Answer the questions in exercise 26 when: Cost function: TC = Q12 + 2QQ 2
1 2 + Q2 + 20 . Demand

for commodity 1: Q1 = 25 − 0,5p1 , demand for commodity 2: Q2 = 30 − p2 .

44. A monopolistic firm produces a commodity in two factories with the following marginal cost
function: MC1 = 2 + 0,1Q1 ; MC 2 = 4 + 0,08Q2 (Qi is the quantity produced at factory i, MCi is
the marginal cost of factory i; i=1, 2). The firm sells the product in the market with a demand
schedule: p = 58 − 0,05Q . If the firm wants to maximize profits, how much should it produce
and at what price?
45. A monopolistic firm produces a commodity at four factories with the following marginal cost
function (Qi is the quantity produced at factory i, MCi is the marginal cost of factory i; i; =1,2):
MC 1 = 20 + Q 1 , MC 2 = 40 + 0,5Q2,MC 3 = 40 + Q3 , MC 4 = 60 + 0,5Q4 . The firm sells the product
in the market with a demand schedule p = 580 − 0,3Q . If the firm wants to maximize profits,
how much should it produce and at what price?
46. A monopolistically produces a commodity and sells it in two different markets, given the cost
function: TC = 35 + 40Q (Q = Q1 + Q2 ) . And the market demand for the company's product,
Market 1: Q1 = 24 − 0, 2p1 ; Market 2: Q2 = 10 − 0,05p2 . Determine the output and price per
market for the company to maximize profit.
47. A firm that monopolizes the production of a commodity and sells it in two different markets,
given the marginal cost function: MC = 1,75 + 0,05Q (Q = Q1 + Q2 ) . And the market demand for
the company's product: Market 1: p1 = 12 − 0,15Q1 ; Market 2: p2 = 9 − 0,075Q2 . Determine the
output and price per market for the company to maximize profit.
48. A manufacturer exclusively produces one product and sells it to two types of customers. Given
the cost function: TC = 90 + 20Q . If the manufacturer puts Q1 of the product on sale to the first
type of customer, these goods are willing to pay p1=50-5Q1 $ for each product. If the
manufacturer puts Q2 of the product on sale to the second type of customer, these customers are
willing to pay p2=100-10Q2 $ for each product. Give the optimal quantity supplied and the
optimal price for each type of customer.

Calculus of Several Variables sonlam Page 4