Madan Mohan

Malaviya

Madan Mohan Malaviya (

pronunciation (help·info) (25 December
1861 — 12 November 1946) was an Indian
scholar, educational reformer and
politician notable for his role in the Indian
independence movement. He was
president of the Indian National Congress
four times and the founder of Akhil
Bharatiya Hindu Mahasabha. He was
addressed as Pandit,[1] a title of respect,
and also as Mahamana (Great Soul).[2]
 Mahamana Pandit
Madan Mohan Malaviya

3rd Vice-Chancellor of Banaras Hindu

University
In office
1919–1938

Preceded by P. S. Sivaswami Iyer

Succeeded by Sarvepalli
Radhakrishnan
President of the Indian National Congress
 In office
1909–1910
Preceded by Rash Behari Ghosh

Succeeded by William Wedderburn

In office
1918

Preceded by Annie Besant

Succeeded by Syed Hasan Imam

In office
1932–1933

Preceded by Vallabhbhai Patel

Succeeded by Nellie Sengupta

Personal details

Born 25 December 1861

Allahabad, North-
 Western Provinces,
British India (present-
day Prayagraj, Uttar
Pradesh, India)
Died 12 November 1946
(aged 84)
Allahabad, United
Provinces, British
India (present-day
Prayagraj, Uttar
Pradesh, India)

Political party Congress Nationalist

Party

Akhil Bharatiya Hindu

Mahasabha

Other political Indian National

affiliations Congress (formerly)
Spouse Kumari Kundan Devi
Malaviya
Children 6 (including Govind
Malaviya)

Alma mater University of Calcutta

(B.A.)

Profession Educationist ·
Politician · Journalist ·
Lawyer

Awards Bharat Ratna (2015)

(posthumous)

Signature

Malaviya strove to promote modern

education among Indians and co-founded
the Banaras Hindu University (BHU) at
Varanasi in 1916, which was created under
the 1915 BHU Act. It is the largest
residential university in Asia and one of the
largest in the world,[3] with over 40,000
students across arts, commerce, sciences,
engineering, linguistic, ritual, medicine,
agriculture, performing arts, law,
management, and technology disciplines
from all over the world. He was the vice
chancellor of the Banaras Hindu University
from 1919 to 1938.[4][5]

Malaviya was one of the founders of The

Bharat Scouts and Guides.[6] He founded a
highly influential English newspaper, The
Leader, in 1919, published from
Allahabad.[7] He was also the Chairman of
Hindustan Times from 1924 to 1946. His
efforts resulted in the launch of its Hindi
edition named Hindustan Dainik in 1936.[8]

Malaviya was posthumously awarded the

Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian
distinction, on 24 December 2014, a day
before what would have been his 153rd
birthday.[9]

Early life and education

Malaviya was born in Prayagraj, India on 25
December 1861,[10] into a Gaur Brahmin[11]
family[12][13] to Pandit Brijnath Chaturvedi
and Moona Devi.[14] He was born in a
locality known as Lal Diggi (now Malviya
Nagar) in a small house of Sawal Das of
Saryakund. His grandfather, Pandit
Premdhar Prasad Chaturvedi, was the son
of Pandit Vishnu Prasad Chaturvedi.
Originally, a Brahmin family from Malwa
who had settled in Prayagraj, other
members of the family had moved to a
nearby city named Mirzapur in Uttar
Pradesh. Since they hailed from Malwa
(Ujjain) in the present-day state of Madhya
Pradesh, they came to be known as
'Malaviya'. For his ardent love to the Malwa
region, where his family belonged to, he
adopted the surname as "Malaviya"
instead of "Chaturvedi". His great-
grandfather Vishnu Prasad had five sons -
Sadhodhar Prasad, Murlidhar Prasad,
Vansidhar Prasad, Baldhar Prasad and
Premdhar Prasad. His grandfather
Premdhar Prasad had four sons - Lalji,
Bacchulalji, Gajadhar Prasad and Brijnath
Prasad. His father Pandit Brijnath had six
sons and two daughters - Bihari Lal,
Manohar Lal, Shayamsundar Lal,
Jaykrishna, Madan Mohan, Lakshmi
Narayana, Shubhardra and Sukhdaei.
Malaviya was the fifth son of his parents.
He married Kundan Devi, daughter of Nand
Lal of Mirzapur at the age of sixteen. His
ancestors were highly respected for their
learning and knowledge of Hindu
scriptures and Sanskrit scholarship. His
father was also learned in Sanskrit
scriptures, and used to recite the Srimad
Bhagavatam.[15]

Malaviya's education began at the age of

five in Mahajani Pathsala. Later, he joined
Hardeva's Dharma Gyanopadesh
Pathshala, completed his primary
education and joined a school run by Vidha
Vardini Sabha. He then joined Allahabad
Zila School (Allahabad District School),
where he started writing poems under the
pen name Makarand which were published
in journals and magazines.[8]
Malaviya matriculated in 1879 from the
Muir Central College, now known as the
University of Allahabad. Harrison College's
Principal provided a monthly scholarship
to Malaviya, whose family had been facing
financial hardships, and he was able to
complete his B.A. at the University of
Calcutta.[8]

Malaviya desired to pursue an M.A. in

Sanskrit, but family circumstances did not
allow him to do so, and his father wanted
him to instead pursue the family
profession of Bhagavat recital. In July
1884, Madan Mohan Malaviya began his
professional career as an assistant master
at the Government High School in
Allahabad.[16]

Political career

Malaviya with Gandhi.

Malaviya started his political career in

1886 with an address to the Indian
National Congress session in Calcutta.
Malaviya would go on to become one of
the most powerful political leaders of his
time, being elected Congress president on
four occasions.[8]

In December 1886, Malaviya attended the

second Indian National Congress session
in Calcutta under the chairmanship of
Dadabhai Naoroji, where he spoke on the
issue of representation in Councils. His
address not only impressed Dadabhai but
also Raja Rampal Singh, ruler of
Kalakankar estate near Allahabad, who
had founded a Hindi weekly, Hindustan, but
was still looking for a suitable editor to
turn it into a daily. In July 1887, Malaviya
resigned from the school and joined as
editor of the nationalist weekly. He
remained for two and a half years, and left
for Allahabad to study for his L.L.B.. In
Allahabad, he was offered the co-
editorship of The Indian Opinion, an English
daily. After finishing his law degree, he
started practicing law at Allahabad District
Court in 1891, and moved to Allahabad
High Court by December 1893.[17][18]

Malaviya became the President of the

Indian National Congress in 1909, a
position he held until 1918. He was a
moderate leader and opposed separate
electorates for Muslims under the
Lucknow Pact of 1916. The "Mahamana"
title was conferred on him by Gandhi.[19][20]

Malaviya renounced his practice of law in

1911 to fulfil his resolve to serve the
causes of education and social service.
Despite this vow, on one occasion when
177 freedom fighters were convicted to be
hanged in the Chauri-chaura case, he
appeared before the court and won the
acquittal of 156 freedom fighters.[21] He
followed the tradition of Sannyasa
throughout his life, adhering to his avowed
commitment to live on the support of
society.
He was a member of the Imperial
Legislative Council from 1912 until 1919,
when it was converted to the Central
Legislative Assembly, of which he
remained a member until 1926.[22]
Malaviya was an important figure in the
Non-cooperation movement.[23] He was
opposed to the politics of appeasement
and the participation of Congress in the
Khilafat movement.

In 1928, he joined Lala Lajpat Rai,

Jawaharlal Nehru, and many others in
protesting against the Simon Commission,
which had been set up by the British to
consider India's future. Just as the "Buy
British" campaign was sweeping England,
he issued a manifesto on 30 May 1932
urging concentration on the "Buy Indian"
movement in India.[24] Malaviya was a
delegate at the Second Round Table
Conference in 1931.

During the Civil Disobedience Movement,

he was arrested on 25 April 1932 along
with 450 other Congress volunteers in
Delhi, only a few days after he was
appointed as the President of Congress
following the arrest of Sarojini Naidu.[25] In
1933, at Calcutta, Malaviya was again
appointed as the President of the
Congress. Before Independence, Malaviya
was the only leader of the Indian National
Congress to be appointed as its president
for four terms.

On 24 September 1932, an agreement

known as Poona Pact was signed between
Dr. Ambedkar (on behalf of the depressed
classes among Hindus) and Mahatma
Gandhi (on behalf of the other Hindus).
The agreement guaranteed reserved seats
for the depressed classes in the
Provisional legislatures within the general
electorate, and not by creating a separate
electorate. Due to the pact, the depressed
class received 148 seats in the legislature,
instead of the 71 as allocated in the
Communal Award proposal of the British
Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald. After
the pact, the Communal Award was
modified to include the terms as per the
pacts. The text uses the term "Depressed
Classes" to denote Untouchables among
Hindus who were later called Scheduled
Castes and Scheduled Tribes under India
Act 1935, and in the Indian Constitution of
1950.[26]

In protest against the Communal Award to

provide separate electorates for minorities,
Malaviya and Madhav Shrihari Aney left the
Congress and started the Congress
Nationalist Party. The party contested the
1934 elections to the central legislature
and won 12 seats.[27]

Journalistic career
Malaviya started his journalistic career as
Editor of the Hindi daily Hindostan in 1887.
Raja Rampal Singh of Kalakankar
(Pratapgadh District), impressed by the
speech and personality of Malaviya during
the second Congress Session in Calcutta
held in 1886, requested him to assume this
position.[28][29]

In 1889, he became the Editor of the

"Indian Opinion". After the incorporation of
"Indian Opinion" with the "Advocate" of
Lucknow, Malaviya started his own Hindi
weekly "Abhyudaya"(1907–1909 under his
editorship).[16]

Malaviya's poems (sawaiyas) were

published sometime in 1883–84 under the
pseudonym of 'Makrand' in 'Harischandra
Chandrika' magazine (published by
Bharatendu Harishchandra). His articles
on religious and contemporary subjects
were published in 'Hindi Pradeepa'.[28]

When the British government promulgated

The Newspaper (Incitement to Offences)
Act in 1908[30] and the Indian Press Act,
1910, Malaviya started a campaign
against them and called for an All India
Conference in Allahabad. He then realized
the need of an English newspaper to make
the campaign effective throughout the
country. As a result, with the help of
Motilal Nehru, he started an English daily
the "Leader" in 1909, where he was Editor
(1909–1911) and President (1911–
1919).[28]

In 1910, Malaviya started the Hindi paper

'Maryada'.[28]

In 1924, Malaviya along with the help of

national leaders Lala Lajpat Rai, M. R.
Jayakar and industrialist Ghanshyam Das
Birla, acquired The Hindustan Times and
saved it from an untimely demise.[31]
Malaviya raised Rs. 50,000 for the
acquisition, with Birla paying most of it.
Malaviya was the Chairman of Hindustan
Times from 1924 to 1946. His efforts
resulted in the launch of its Hindi edition
'Hindustan' in 1936. The paper is now
owned by the Birla family.

In 1933, Malaviya started Sanatana

Dharma from BHU, a magazine dedicated
to religious, dharmic interests.[28]

Legal career
In 1891, Malaviya completed his LL.B.
from Allahabad University and started
practice in Allahabad District Court. He
practised at the High Court from 1893. He
earned significant respect as one of the
most brilliant lawyers of the Allahabad
High Court. He gave up his legal practice
when at his pinnacle in 1911 on his 50th
birthday so that he could serve the nation
thereafter.

About his legal career, Sir Tej Bahadur

Sapru regarded him ...a brilliant Civil Lawyer
and Sir Mirza Ismail said – I have heard a
great lawyer say that if Mr. Malaviya had so
willed it, he would have been an ornament
to the legal profession.[32]

Malaviya only donned his lawyer's robe

once more, in 1924 following the Chauri
Chaura incident in which a police station
was attacked and set on fire in February
1922, as a result of which Mahatma
Gandhi called off the then launched Non-
cooperation movement. The sessions
court had sentenced 170 persons to the
gallows for the attack. However, Malaviya
defended them in the Allahabad High
Court and was able to save 155 of them.
The remaining 15 also were recommended
for clemency by the High Court, whereafter
their sentences were commuted from
death to life imprisonment.[33]

Banaras Hindu University

Mahamana inaugurate literacy day at Banaras Hindu University

In April 1911, Annie Besant met Malaviya

and they decided to work for a common
Hindu University in Varanasi. Besant and
fellow trustees of the Central Hindu
College, which she had founded in 1898,
also agreed to the Government of India's
precondition that the college become a
part of the new university. Thus Banaras
Hindu University (BHU) was established in
1916, through a Parliamentary legislation,
the 'Banaras Hindu University Act of 1915',
and today it remains a prominent
institution of learning in India.[4][34] In 1939,
he left the Vice-Chancellorship of BHU and
was succeeded by S. Radhakrishnan, who
later became the President of India.[35]

Spread over 16.5 km2 (4,100 acres) with a

student population of about 30,000, BHU is
the largest residential university in Asia.
Malaviya' son Pandit Govind Malaviya
served as the Vice-Chancellor of BHU from
1948 to 1951. His grandson Justice
Giridhar Malaviya is currently the
Chancellor of BHU since 2018.

Social service
Malaviya founded Ganga Mahasabha to
oppose the damming of the Ganga. He
compelled the British government to sign
an agreement with Ganga Mahasabha and
other Hindu religious leaders on
uninterrupted flow of the Ganga in
Haridwar and protection from any future
obstruction. This agreement is known as
Aviral Ganga Raksha Samjhuata 1916 or
the Agreement of 1916. Malaviya played
an important part in the removal of
untouchability and in giving direction to the
Harijan movement. The Harijan Sevak
Sangh was founded at a meeting in 1933
at which Pandit Malaviya presided.[16]

Malaviya asserted – if you admit internal

purity of human soul, you or your religion
can never get impure or defiled in any way
by touch or association with any man.[36]

To solve the problem of untouchability,

Malaviya followed a Hindu method, of
giving Mantradīkshā to untouchables. He
said, "Mantras would be a certain means
of their upliftment socially, politically and
spiritually."[36] He worked for the
eradication of caste barriers in temples
and other social barriers. Malaviya
contributed significantly to ensuring the
entry of the so-called untouchables into
any Hindu temple. In March 1936, Hindu
Dalit (Harijan) leader P. N. Rajbhoj along
with a group of 200 Dalit people
demanded entry at the Kalaram Temple on
a Rath Yatra day.[37] Malaviya in the
presence of priests of Kalaram Temple,
gave diksha to the assembled people and
facilitated their entry into the temple.[37]
They then also participated in the Rath
Yatra of Kalaram Temple.[37]

He established Bharati Bhawan Library on

15 December 1889 with his friend Lala
Brajmohan Jee Bhalla in Allahabad. In
1901 Malaviya established a boys' hostel
named Hindu Hostel (Hindu Boarding
House) in Allahabad.[32]

Scouting
Scouting in India was initially introduced by
Robert Baden Powell, though only British,
European and Anglo Indian students could
join the organization known as British Boy
Scouts. Scouting for native Indians was
started by Justice Vivian Bose, after
independence in 1947. Officials from
Hindustan Scouts and Guides were hired
by the Government of India when the
country became independent to continue
the functioning of British Boys Scouts,
renamed as The Bharat Scouts and
Guides.

Newspaper reports of the resignation of

Indian Railways Officer Sri Ram Vajpei on
grounds of racial discrimination despite
being qualified in scouting with its highest
degree LT, in England prompted the then
President of Congress Malaviya to inform
himself about the scouting movement.
With the support of other members,
Hridayanath Kunzru, Girija Shankar Bajpai,
Annie Besant and George Arundale,
Malaviya started an organisation called
the All India Seva Samiti under Sewa Bharti
unit to conduct scouting activities. While
the British refused initially to recognize the
scouting education imparted by the Samiti,
Baden Powell himself advocated the
recognition of Indian Scouting as co-
curricular education in school, after a visit
to India afforded him the opportunity to
learn of the association's activities.

Thanks to Malaviya's efforts, scouting

units from across the sub-continent came
together to create the Hindustan Scouts
Association. Later, the Guides association
in India managed by Dr Besant also joined
to form the Hindustan Scouts and Guides
Association.

Malaviya also notably contributed the

MAMOMA short code secret language in
scouting, now widely used across the
world. The name "MAMOMA" is derived
from the initials of his name.[38]

Legacy
Malaviya on a 2011 stamp of India

The slogan "Satyameva Jayate" (Truth

alone triumphs) is also a legacy of
Malaviya. Presiding over the Indian
National Congress session of 1918 at
Delhi, he declared that this phrase from the
Mundaka Upanishad should be the slogan
for the nation.[39]

Malaviya started the tradition of Aarti at

Har ki Pauri Haridwar to the sacred Ganga
river which is performed even today. The
Malaviya Dwipa, a small island across the
ghat, is named after him and a bust of his
was erected on it. The Indian Post issued
stamps in his honour in 1961 and 2011 to
celebrate his 100th and 150th birth
anniversaries, respectively.

The Malaviya Nagar neighbourhoods in

Allahabad, Lucknow, Delhi, Dehradun,
Bhopal, Durg and Jaipur are named after
him, as is a square in Jabalpur city,
Malaviya Chowk. Malaviya National
Institute of Technology (MNIT) at Jaipur is
named after him, as is Madan Mohan
Malaviya University of Technology in
Gorakhpur, UP. The Hostels of IIT
Kharagpur, IIT Roorkee Saharanpur
Campus and BITS Pilani, Pilani and
Hyderabad campuses are also named
Malaviya Bhawan after him. In memory of
him, Shrigoud Vidya Mandir, Indore
celebrates his birth anniversary as
Mahamana Divas on every 25 December.
They have also declared a fellowship
programme for poor Sanatan Vipra boys
on this day.

Narendra Modi pays tribute to Madan Mohan Malaviya, on his birth anniversary in 2014
Malaviya's life size portrait was unveiled in
the Central Hall of India's Parliament by the
then President of India Dr. Rajendra
Prasad, and a life-size statue was unveiled
in 1961 by the then President of India Dr. S.
Radhakrishnan in front of the BHU main
gate on the occasion of his birth
centenary. A bust of Malaviya was
inaugurated in front of the main Gate
leading to the Assembly Hall and outside
the porch, by the former Lt. Governor of
Delhi, Dr. A.N. Jha on 25 December
1971.[22]
On 25 December 2008, on his birth
anniversary, the national memorial of
Mahamana Madan Mohan Malaviya,
"Malaviya Smriti Bhawan" was inaugurated
by the then President of India A P J Abdul
Kalam at 53, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Marg,
in Delhi.[40]

2011 was celebrated as his 150th birth

centenary by the Government of India
under the Chairmanship of India's prime
minister Dr Manmohan Singh, who
announced the establishment of a Centre
for Malaviya Studies at the Banaras Hindu
University in addition to scholarships and
education related awards in his memory,
and UPA chairperson Sonia Gandhi
released a biography of Madan Mohan
Malaviya.

On 24 December 2014, Madan Mohan

Malaviya was honored with Bharat Ratna,
India's highest civilian honour.[9]

The Mahamana Express train (plying

between New Delhi and Varanasi) was
flagged off by Prime Minister of India
Narendra Modi on 22 January 2016. The
train is named after Malaviya and is
equipped with modern facilities such as
bio-toilets in every coach and air-
conditioned compartments.
Works
He created a non-governmental
organization named Shri Mathura
Vrindavan Hasanand Gochar Bhoomi in
Vrindavan for Welfare of Cows.
A criticism of Montagu-Chelmsford
proposals of Indian constitutional reform.
Printed by C. Y. Chintamani, 1918.
Speeches and writings of Pandit Madan
Mohan Malaviya. Publisher G.A. Natesan,
1919.

References
1. Sharma, Urmila; Sharma, S.K. (2001).
Indian Political Thought (https://books.goo
 gle.com/books?id=BX3wIjJ9mvMC&pg=P
A340) . Atlantic Publishers & Dist. p. 340.
ISBN 978-81-7156-678-5.
2. "Mahamana's life as exemplary as
Mahatma's: BHU V-C" (https://web.archive.o
rg/web/20121104195634/http://articles.ti
mesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-12-27/va
ranasi/28102158_1_bhu-v-c-bhu-alumni-cel
l-birth-anniversary-celebrations) . The
Times of India. 27 December 2009.
Archived from the original (http://articles.ti
mesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-12-27/va
ranasi/28102158_1_bhu-v-c-bhu-alumni-cel
l-birth-anniversary-celebrations) on 4
November 2012.
3. Singh, Binay (13 March 2009). "BHU set to
realise future goals" (https://web.archive.or
g/web/20120614053651/http://articles.ti
mesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-03-13/va
ranasi/28042346_1_rajiv-gandhi-south-cam
pus-mahamana-madan-mohan-malviya-ban
aras-hindu-university) . The Times of India.
VARANASI. Archived from the original (htt
p://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/20
09-03-13/varanasi/28042346_1_rajiv-gand
hi-south-campus-mahamana-madan-moha
n-malviya-banaras-hindu-university) on 14
June 2012. Retrieved 3 June 2011.
4. "History of BHU" (https://web.archive.org/w
eb/20150923184751/http://www.bhu.ac.i
n/history1.htm) . Banaras Hindu University
website. Archived from the original (http://
www.bhu.ac.in/history1.htm) on 23
September 2015. Retrieved 8 January
2010.
5. "University at Buffalo, BHU sign exchange
programme" (http://www.rediff.com/news/
2007/oct/04univ.htm) . Rediff News. 4
October 2007.
6. Our Leaders (Volume 9 of Remembering
Our Leaders) (https://books.google.com/b
ooks?id=2NoVNSyopVcC&pg=PA61) .
Children's Book Trust. 1989. p. 61.
ISBN 978-81-7011-842-8.
 7. "C. Y. Chintamani (10 April 1880 – 1 July,
1941)" (http://www.tribuneindia.com/2000/
20000507/spectrum/main2.htm#3) . The
Tribune. 7 May 2000.
8. "Homage to Mahamana Malaviya" (http://ho
magetomahamana.wordpress.com) .
Homage to Mahamana Malaviya.
9. "Press Information Bureau English
Releases" (http://pib.nic.in/newsite/ereleas
e.aspx?relid=114017) . pib.nic.in. 24
December 2014.
10. Bhattacherje, S. B. (2009). Encyclopaedia
of Indian Events & Dates (https://books.goo
gle.com/books?id=oGVSvXuCsyUC&pg=SL
1-PA138) . Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd.
pp. 138–139. ISBN 978-81-207-4074-7.
11. Excelsior, Daily (24 December 2014). "A
Staunch Nationalist" (https://www.dailyexc
elsior.com/staunch-nationalist/) . Jammu
Kashmir Latest News | Tourism | Breaking
News J&K. Retrieved 26 January 2023.
12. "Pandit Madan Mohan Malviya" (https://ww
w.bhu.ac.in/mahamana.htm) . Banaras
Hindu University. 9 February 2017.
13. Daniyal, Shoaib. "Madan Mohan Malviya:
how a four-time Congress president
became a BJP icon" (https://scroll.in/articl
e/697640/madan-mohan-malviya-how-a-fo
ur-time-congress-president-became-a-bjp-i
con) . Scroll.in. Retrieved 16 January 2022.
14. "Madan Mohan Malaviya" (https://www.brit
annica.com/biography/Madan-Mohan-Mal
aviya) . Encyclopædia Britannica.
15. Rao, P. Rajeswar (1991). The Great Indian
patriots, Volume 1 (https://books.google.co
m/books?id=eTrs9MF9374C&pg=PA10) .
Mittal Publications. pp. 10–13. ISBN 978-
81-7099-280-6.
16. "MADAN MOHAN MALAVIYA" (http://www.i
ndianpost.com/viewstamp.php/Alpha/M/M
ADAN%20MOHAN%20MALAVIYA) . Indian
Post. 25 December 1961.
17. Our Leaders (Volume 9 of Remembering
Our Leaders): Madan Mohan Malaviya (http
s://books.google.com/books?id=2NoVNSy
opVcC&pg=PA61) . Children's Book Trust.
1989. pp. 53–73. ISBN 978-81-7011-842-8.
18. "MsnSpecials" (https://web.archive.org/we
b/20060821181344/http://www.msnspeci
als.in/independenceday/indian_warriors1.
asp) . Archived from the original (http://ww
w.msnspecials.in/independenceday/indian
_warriors1.asp) on 21 August 2006.
19. Shekhar, Shashi (25 December 2017).
" 'Mahamana': A forgotten visionary" (http
s://www.livemint.com/Opinion/6EvL9afbns
Gs183LaQVR0I/Mahamana-A-forgotten-visi
onary.html) . Livemint. Retrieved 21 June
2020.
20. "Remembering Madan Mohan Malaviya, the
moderate Hindu 'Mahamana' who founded
BHU" (https://theprint.in/theprint-profile/re
membering-madan-mohan-malaviya-the-m
oderate-hindu-mahamana-who-founded-bh
u/168856/) . ThePrint. 25 December 2018.
Retrieved 23 July 2020.
21. "RSS Resolution 2: 150th Birth Anniversary
of Mhamana Malviya ji" (http://samvada.or
g/2010/news/150th-birth-anniversary-of-m
alviya-ji/) . Vishwa Samvada Kendra. 31
October 2010.
22. "Old Secetariat:Important Members of
Imperial Legislative Council" (http://delhias
sembly.nic.in/history_assembly.htm) .
Legislative Assembly of Delhi website.
23. "Gandhi is Urged to Delay Break" (https://qu
ery.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9E
03E0DC1E30EE3ABC4952DFB466838963
9EDE) . New York Times. 11 February
1922.
24. " "Buy Indian" Move Gains" (https://select.ny
times.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FB0915F
C385A13738DDDA90B94DD405B828FF1
D3) . The New York Times. 30 May 1932.
25. "450 Seized at Delhi for Defiance of Ban on
Indian Congress" (https://select.nytimes.co
m/gst/abstract.html?res=FB0813FC3F5A1
3738DDDAC0A94DC405B828FF1D3) .
New York Times. 25 April 1932.
26. Sharma, B.K. (2007). Introduction to the
Constitution of India (https://books.google.
com/books?id=srDytmFE3KMC) . Prentice-
Hall of India Pvt. Limited. ISBN 978-81-203-
3246-1.
27. "-- Schwartzberg Atlas – Digital South Asia
Library" (https://dsal.uchicago.edu/referenc
e/schwartzberg/fullscreen.html?object=1
10) . dsal.uchicago.edu.
28. "Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya –
Biography" (https://web.archive.org/web/2
0141227190207/http://www.mahamana.or
g/biography-.html) . Archived from the
original (http://www.mahamana.org/biogra
phy-.html) on 27 December 2014.
Retrieved 24 December 2014.
29. "20 Things We Must Know About Madan
Mohan Malaviya" (http://topyaps.com/mad
an-mohan-malaviya) . TopYaps. 2 January
2015.
30. "Development of Indian Press during British
Rule in India" (https://www.jagranjosh.com/
general-knowledge/development-of-indian-
press-during-british-rule-in-india-14453152
32-1) . jagranjosh.com. 16 February 2018.
31. TJS George, Lessons in Journalism, 2007,
Viva Books, New Delhi.
32. "PANDIT MADAN MOHAN MALAVIYA. The
Man, The Spirit, The Vision" (http://www.bh
u.ac.in/mahamana.htm) . Banaras Hindu
University. Copy (http://www.bhu.ac.in/mah
amana.php)
33. No authentic source found
34. "Banaras hindu university" (http://www.ias.a
c.in/currsci/sep102005/899.pdf) (PDF).
Indian Academy of Sciences. 26 July 2005.
Retrieved 19 April 2007.
35. Murty, K. Satchidananda; Ashok Vohra
(1990). Radhakrishnan: his life and ideas (h
ttps://books.google.com/books?id=x6Fsap
tULgAC&pg=PA90) . SUNY Press. p. 90.
ISBN 978-0-7914-0343-3.
36. Chaube, Deo Brat. "Contributions of
Mahamana Pt. Madan Mohan Malaviya to
Indian Religion and Society" (https://web.ar
chive.org/web/20141224173340/http://ww
w.elinepa.org/index.php/el/meli/23-melete
s/194-contributions-of-mahamana-pt-mada
n-mohan-malaviya-to-indian-religion-and-so
ciety.html) . Indo-Hellenic Society for
Culture and Development. Archived from
the original (http://www.elinepa.org/index.
php/el/meli/23-meletes/194-contributions-
of-mahamana-pt-madan-mohan-malaviya-t
o-indian-religion-and-society.html) on 24
December 2014.
37. Krishan, Shri (1 May 2005). Political
Mobilization and Identity in Western India,
1934–47 (https://books.google.com/book
s?id=LeLxV4W-CJcC) . SAGE Publications.
ISBN 978-0-7619-3342-7.
38. "Honouring the oath: The beginning" (http
s://web.archive.org/web/2007081907111
6/http://www.hindu.com/yw/2007/08/17/s
tories/2007081750750800.htm) . The
Hindu. 17 August 2007. Archived from the
original (http://www.hindu.com/yw/2007/0
8/17/stories/2007081750750800.htm) on
19 August 2007.
39. "India's Freedom Struggle: Madan Mohan
Malaviya" (http://www.kamat.com/kalrang
a/freedom/malaviya.htm) (PDF). Kamat's
Potpourri. 22 December 2007. Retrieved
9 March 2008.
40. "Former President Kalam inaugurates BHU
founder's memorial" (http://www.indianexp
ress.com/news/former-president-kalam-in
augurates-bhu-found/403094/) . The
Indian Express. 26 December 2008.

Biographies
Malaviyaji, a brief life sketch of Pandit Madan
Mohan Malaviya, by B. J. Akkad. Pub. Vora,
1948.
Malaviyana: a bibliography of Pandit Madan
Mohan Malaviya by Sayaji Rao Gaekwad
Library. Ed. Prithvi Nath Kaula. 1962.
Role of Pt. Madan Mohan Malaviya in our
national life, by Chandra Prakash Jha. Modern
Publications, 1977.
Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya: a socio-
political study, by Sundar Lal Gupta. Pub.
Chugh Publications, 1978.
Mahāmanā Madan Mohan Malaviya: An
Historical Biography, by Parmanand. Malaviya
Adhyayan Sansthan, Banaras Hindu
University, 1985.
Struggle for Independence: Madan Mohan
Malaviya by Shri Ram Bakshi. Anmol
Publications, 1989. ISBN 81-7041-142-4.
Madan Mohan Malaviya: the man and his
ideology, by S. R. Bakshi. Anmol Publications,
1991. ISBN 81-7041-429-6.
Madan Mohan Malaviya, by Sitaram
Chaturvedi. Publ. Division, Ministry of I & B,
Govt. of India, 1996. ISBN 81-230-0486-9.
Visionary of Modern India- Madan Mohan
Malaviya, by S K Maini, K Chandramouli and
Vishwanath Pandey. Mahamana MalaviyaJi
Trust. 2009.
"The Making of Malaviya " by Prof Rakesh
Pandey,2010,Kishore Vidya Niketan,ISBN 81-
86101-61-6
"Mahamana Madan Mohan Malaviya"
Commemorative Volume (Celebrating 150th
Birth Anniversary), Ministry of Culture, Govt.
of India, Editor- Dr. Vishwanath Pandey
(BHU), 2012, available from the Publication
Cell, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-
221005, India.
"Vyaktitva, Krititwa Evam Vichar-Mahamana
Madan Mohan Malaviya", Editor- Dr.
Vishwanath Pandey (BHU), 2011, available
from the Publication Cell, Banaras Hindu
University, Varanasi-221005, India.
"Mahamana Pt. Madan Mohan Malaviya" The
Noble Edifice of Indian Freedom, Editor-Dr.
Vishwanath Pandey (BHU) 2013, available
from the Publication Cell, Banaras Hindu
University, Varanasi-221005, India.
 "Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya" and the
Formative Years of Indian Nationalism by Dr.
Vishwanath Pandey foreword by Prof.
Mushirul Hasan, 2015, published by LG
Publishers Distributors, Delhi-110091.
" Madan Mohan Malaviya and the Indian
Freedom Movement" by Prof. Jagannath
Prasad Misra, 2016, Oxford University Press,
India.

External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related
to Madan Mohan Malaviya.

Works by or about Madan Mohan

Malaviya (https://archive.org/search.ph
p?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Malavi
ya%2C%20Madan%20Mohan%22%20O
R%20subject%3A%22Malaviya%2C%20
Madan%20M%2E%22%20OR%20subjec
t%3A%22Malaviya%2C%20M%2E%20
M%2E%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22M
adan%20Mohan%20Malaviya%22%20O
R%20subject%3A%22Madan%20M%2E%
20Malaviya%22%20OR%20subject%3A%
22M%2E%20M%2E%20Malaviya%22%20
OR%20subject%3A%22Malaviya%2C%20
Madan%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22M
adan%20Malaviya%22%20OR%20creato
r%3A%22Madan%20Mohan%20Malaviy
a%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Mada
n%20M%2E%20Malaviya%22%20OR%20
creator%3A%22M%2E%20M%2E%20Mal
aviya%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22M%
2E%20Mohan%20Malaviya%22%20OR%
20creator%3A%22Malaviya%2C%20Mad
an%20Mohan%22%20OR%20creator%3
A%22Malaviya%2C%20Madan%20M%2
E%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Malaviy
a%2C%20M%2E%20M%2E%22%20OR%2
0creator%3A%22Malaviya%2C%20M%2
E%20Mohan%22%20OR%20creator%3
A%22Madan%20Malaviya%22%20OR%2
0creator%3A%22Malaviya%2C%20Mada
n%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Madan%20
Mohan%20Malaviya%22%20OR%20titl
e%3A%22Madan%20M%2E%20Malaviy
a%22%20OR%20title%3A%22M%2E%20
M%2E%20Malaviya%22%20OR%20title%
3A%22Madan%20Malaviya%22%20OR%
20description%3A%22Madan%20Moha
n%20Malaviya%22%20OR%20descriptio
n%3A%22Madan%20M%2E%20Malaviy
a%22%20OR%20description%3A%22M%
2E%20M%2E%20Malaviya%22%20OR%2
0description%3A%22Malaviya%2C%20M
adan%20Mohan%22%20OR%20descripti
on%3A%22Malaviya%2C%20Madan%20
M%2E%22%20OR%20description%3A%2
2Madan%20Malaviya%22%20OR%20des
cription%3A%22Malaviya%2C%20Mada
n%22%29%20OR%20%28%221861-194
6%22%20AND%20Malaviya%29%29%20
AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29)
at Internet Archive
 Chaube, Deo Brat, Contributions of
Mahamana Pt. Mohan Malaviya to
Indian Religion and Society (https://eline
pa.org/en/contributions-of-mahamana-p
t-madan-mohan-malaviya-to-indian-religi
on-and-society/) , ELINEPA, 2005

Retrieved from
"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?
title=Madan_Mohan_Malaviya&oldid=1146408272"

This page was last edited on 24 March 2023, at

18:05 (UTC). •
Content is available under CC BY-SA 3.0 unless
otherwise noted.