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Title: GSM Based Fire and Smoke Detection and Prevention

System
gidey gebrehiwot

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 FINAL THESIS PROJECT 2010 E.C  

3.2.2 Temperature Sensor (LM35 Precision Centigrade Temperature Sensor) .............................. 14

3.2.3 MQ-2 Smoke Sensor .............................................................................................................. 15
3.2.4 BC548 NPN transistor............................................................................................................ 16
3.2.5 Relay ....................................................................................................................................... 17
3.2.6 LCD Display (16X2 LCD) ..................................................................................................... 18
3.2.7 GSM Modem .......................................................................................................................... 18
3.2.8 Power Supply ......................................................................................................................... 19
3.2.9 Buzzer..................................................................................................................................... 20
3.2.10 DC motor .............................................................................................................................. 20
3.2.11 Servo motor .......................................................................................................................... 21
3.2.12 GPS Module ......................................................................................................................... 21
3.3 Software Requirements ................................................................................................................. 22
CHAPTER FOUR ................................................................................................................................... 23
SYSTEM DESIGN AND ANALAYSIS ................................................................................................ 23
4.1 System Requirements .................................................................................................................... 23
4.2 System Architecture ...................................................................................................................... 23
4.3 Software design ............................................................................................................................. 25
4.4 System Testing .............................................................................................................................. 29
CHAPTER FIVE ..................................................................................................................................... 31
RESULT AND DISCUSION .................................................................................................................. 31
5.1 Result ............................................................................................................................................. 31
5.2 Discussion ..................................................................................................................................... 33
5.3 Drawbacks / Limitation of the thesis ............................................................................................. 34
CHAPTER SIX ....................................................................................................................................... 35
 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION ...................................................................................... 35

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6.2 Recommendations ......................................................................................................................... 35

REFERENCES ........................................................................................................................................ 36
Appendix A ............................................................................................................................................. 37

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 FINAL THESIS PROJECT 2010 E.C  

List of Figures
Figure 3.1 Microcontroller ...................................................................................................................... 13
Figure 3. 2 LM 35 Temperature sensor ................................................................................................... 14
Figure 3. 3 Structure and configuration of Gas sensor MQ-2 ................................................................. 16
Figure 3. 4 BC548 Pin Diagram .............................................................................................................. 16
Figure 3. 5 DC Relay ............................................................................................................................... 17
Figure 3. 6 16X2 LCD display ................................................................................................................ 18
Figure 3. 7 SIM900A GSM module ........................................................................................................ 19
Figure 3. 8 System power supply ............................................................................................................ 19
Figure 3. 9 Buzzer ................................................................................................................................... 20
Figure 3. 10 DC motor ............................................................................................................................ 21
Figure 3. 11 Servo motor......................................................................................................................... 21
Figure 3. 12 GPS Module ........................................................................................................................ 22

Figure 4. 1 System block diagram ........................................................................................................... 23

Figure 4. 2 Block diagram of smart appliance system ............................................................................ 24
Figure 4. 3 Architect of the project without GSM Flowchart ................................................................. 25
Figure 4. 4 program creation steps .......................................................................................................... 27
Figure 4. 5 generating hex file................................................................................................................. 27
Figure 4. 6 Arduino sketch simple function ............................................................................................ 28
Figure 4. 7Interfacing ARDUINO Programmer with PC ........................................................................ 28
Figure 4. 8 Upload Boot loader to ARDUINO Programmer .................................................................. 29
Figure 4. 9 Overall system design ........................................................................................................... 30
 Figure 5. 1 Fire and smoke detection ...................................................................................................... 31
Figure 5. 2 SMS message form SIM900 GSM module .......................................................................... 32
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List of Tables
Table 3. 1 part list for system power supply circuit diagram .................................................................. 19

Table 5. 1 Overall output of the system .................................................................................................. 32

 Adigrat University GSM Based Fire and Smoke Detection and Prevention System Page VI

 FINAL THESIS PROJECT 2010 E.C  

List of Acronyms
o GSM –  Global System for Mobile
o SMS –  Short Message Service
o SIM –   Subscriber Identity Module
o LCD –  Liquid Crystal Display
o AVR –  Advanced Virtual RISC
o PFP –   Passive Fire Protection
o LED –  Light Emitting Unit
o UV –   Ultraviolet
o IR –   Infrared
o NFPA –   National Fire Protection Association
o CPU –  Central Processing Unit
o
ALU –  Arithmetic Logic Unit
o ROM –  Read-Only Memory
o PIC –   Programmable Intelligent Computer
o RISC –  Reduced Instruction Set Computer
o EEPROM –  Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory
o RAM –  Random-Access Memory
o MIPS –  Millions of Instructions per Second
o CMOS –  Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor
o IC –   Integrated Circuit
o GND –  Ground
o DC –  Direct Current
o AC –   Alternative Current
o NO –  Normal Open
 o
NC –  Normal Closed
RS –  Register Select
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o

o R/W –   Read/Write
o IMEI –   International Mobile Equipment Identity
o GPS –  Global Positioning System

 Adigrat University GSM Based Fire and Smoke Detection and Prevention System Page VII

 FINAL THESIS PROJECT 2010 E.C  

o USB - Universal Serial Bus

o IDE –   Integrated Development Environment
o PWM –   Pulse-Width Modulation
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 Adigrat University GSM Based Fire and Smoke Detection and Prevention System Page VIII

 FINAL THESIS PROJECT 2010 E.C  

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1. Background
 Nowadays, securing one’s property and business against fire is becoming more and more
important. Monitoring commercial and residential areas all-round is an effective method to reduce
personal and property losses due to fire disaster.
Home fire detection is a matter of great concern, and thus many efforts are devoted in most
developed countries to the design of automatic detection systems. A fire alarm system should reliably
and in a timely way notify building occupants about the presence of fire indicators, such as smoke or
high temperatures. A fire detector is usually implemented as a smoke sensor due to its early fire
detection capability, fast response time and relatively low cost. Other options for the fire detection are
based on gas sensors or temperature sensors fire detectors that use a single sensor, generally a smoke
sensor, and present high false-alarm rates due to temperature changes.

In order to prevent fires from occurring or minimize their impact, accurate and early detection
is essential, and automatic fire detection is becoming very essential to reduce the fire in the building
and industry. Automatic fire alarm system provides real-time surveillance and monitoring. A key aspect
of fire protection is to identify a developing fire emergency in a timely manner, and to alert the
building's occupants and fire emergency organizations. This is the role of fire detection and alarm
systems.
Generally, fire detectors are designed to respond at an early stage to one more of the four major
characteristics of combustion, heat, smoke, flame or gas. No single type of detector is suitable for all
types of premises or fires. Heat detectors respond to the temperature rise associated with a fire and
smoke detector respond to the smoke or gas generated due to fire.

1.2. Description of the project

This system is a kind of stand-alone embedded system. It is a self-contained device. It takes
either digital or Analog inputs from its input ports, calibrates, converts, and processes the data, and
outputs the resulting data to its attached output device, which either displays data, or controls and
drives the attached devices.
These devices could be for example Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) and
 These devices could be for example, Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) and
short message service (SMS) to carry out data from the building with sensors directly alert the owners
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 Adigrat University GSM Based Fire and Smoke Detection and Prevention System Page 1

 FINAL THESIS PROJECT 2010 E.C  

to their mobile phone. Therefore, this makes controlling damages caused by fire easier by directly
sending alert notification messages to owners or fire department using GSM technology. So, we
designed a smart fire alarm model. Parameters like, temperature and smoke level will be controlled by
microcontroller. Each of these parameters is measured by a sensor that is set at a specific range, if this
sensor signals any change in that range, the system will take the appropriate action required, and the
system sends a daily report to the user by SMS.

1.3. Statement of the Problem

The most prevalent threat faced by all institutions is FIRE. No institution is immune from fire.
Until the owners/trustees of these institutions develop plans for dealing with the fire threat, they place
the building and its occupants and collections at risk.
The complexity of these plans may vary from a simple evacuation plan, to a fire prevention
program, to a more complex plan that includes passive and automatic fire protection systems almost
90% of fire damages occur due to lack of early fire detection. A fire attack is usually silent and people
will know about fire only when it has spread across a large area. SMS based Fire Alert system gives
warning immediately to one or more mobile numbers and hence remedy actions can be taken quickly.
This helps to prevent major damages and losses created by a fire accident.  
In Ethiopia the hazard of fire and related problem is occur frequently in the urban area of the
country. There for existing fire alarm system in market nowadays, is too complex in term of its design
and structure. Since the system is too complex, it needs regular preventive maintenance to be carried
out to make sure the system operates well. Meanwhile, when the maintenance is been done to the
existing system, it could raise the cost of using the system. Therefore, the project is designed with a low
cost and all level users can have one for a safety purpose.
Property damaged by floods can often be dried out and restored. Structural damage from an
earthquake might be repaired. Stolen property always has a chance of being recovered. Damage from
fire, however, is usually permanent and irreparable. Historical buildings or contents, once reduced to
ash, can never be restored. Fire is more cunning and less discriminating than a thief. It can travel
(spread) through very small openings and concealed spaces to reach other parts of a building, deprive

occupants of a life supporting environment, and cause partial to total destruction of property.
  Adigrat University GSM Based Fire and Smoke Detection and Prevention System Page 2

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