Research Project of ‘Tar removal device’

For long-term internship education program

Research project for Cooperation study

Long-term internship program with KINSEI Sangyo CO.,LTD , JAPAN

Phatthakon Taotiang, research student - 580610500

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Thailand 50200

TITLE: Removal of tar contaminate for fluidized-bed plant with gasification &
pyrolysis process by rotary cylindrical mist separator technique

หัวข้ อ : อุปกรณ์กำจัดน้ ำมันดินปนเปื้ อน สำหรับเทคโนโลยี fluidized-bed ด้วยกระบวนกำร gasification และ

pyrolysis โดยใช้เครื่ องแยกอนุภำคแบบหมุนเหวีย่ ง
称号: 回転円筒形ミストセパレーター技術を用いたガス化/熱分解プロセス
による流動床プラント内のタール汚染物質の除去

ABSTRACT
The gasification and combustion has produce contaminate substance – like Tar, which has
essential issues for the combustion process, especially in fluidized-bed system which produce lot
of the hydrocarbon with tar substance from pyrolysis process. By the way, in recent year, there are
various tar removal technique which use in gasification plant, however those technique might have
not sufficient enough to separate tar. Consequently, this is a chance to develop a tar removal device
(TRD) to have better performance. By using rotary cylindrical mist separator technique with
thermal control system, have basic concept design reference by strainer separator. Which has
experimental by tar measurement and sampling system (TMS), In conclusion, found that TRD has
higher performance than strainer by TRD has 97.4 % of tar separating and strainer has 23.59% of
tar separating.
Keywords: Tar removal, Separator technique, fluidized-bed, gasification, filtering method

BACKGROUND AND SIGNIFICANT OF PROJECT

The presence of tar in gases products is considered to be the biggest problem in using
commercially available synthesis gases products as a source of gases combustion process. The
component of tar can be obtained from combustion and heating process of organic material in the
absence of oxygen surrounding [1]. This process is called 'destructive distillation', it’s consists of
a wide spectrum of organic compounds, typically consisting of several aromatic rings. Tar is one
of many production chemical which are derived from pyrolysis/gasification and combustion
process, by adulterate with produced gases, like synthesis gases or pyrolysis gases. By this way,
tar can conduct to accumulate on the pipeline and the equipment surface at the subsequent stage,
such as combustion chamber, cooling furnace, flow valve, etc. Which lead to have the mainly effect
from contaminate tar accumulation trouble. For example, losing of combustion efficiency situation

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in the burner furnace or lead to less effective generating power process, it also been cause of the
abnormal operating of relative apparatus in combustion system which might has suddenly stop
working and become damaged to progress apparatus while it is still running. Furthermore, from
the combustion process of produced gas with tar contaminated, it can produced the unwanted
chemical component from tar composite which is consist of the heavy hydrocarbon and some
chemical toxic, Therefore, the amount of air pollution which cause by tar residue combustion,
resulting in worse of toxic contamination. Consequences, the air pollutant control variable is higher
than the standardize criteria.
In the pyrolysis and gasification system, have the equipment which use to operate the
process by various relative equipment, like combustion and gasification chamber, gas duct and
piping valve, accessories containers, gas turbine or motor fan, etc. [2] Therefore, it was affect to
these apparatus by tar contaminate residue in product gases. From this reason, since the
maintenance frequency for tar removal accumulated with high content of tar is increased, it is
common to remove by using some means. For example, it is conceivable to remove tar residue
with a filter such as using the chemical like activated carbon, but it is necessary to regularly
regenerate and replace the filter to prevent the clogged trouble and control the stabilize filtered
operating. On the other hand, although some methods of separating tar, like wet scrubber, thermal
processes cracking and catalytic cracking, have been proposed utilizing an oil mist separator [3].
In a general collision type mist separator, heavy tar having a relatively high viscosity adheres to
the inside of the separator, which resulting in blockage of the container problem.
In this research proposal, have designed and invented the mist separator by using a rotary
cylindrical as the tar removal device which realizes continuous removal and collection of tar
residue adhering by centrifugal force while using the outer surface of a cylindrical mesh as a tar
supplemental surface to improve the tar complementary efficiency by rotating a cylinder, And to
evaluate its performance in an actual biomass gasification plant by get the experiment with removal
of tar contaminate in synthesis gases which derived from pyrolysis/ gasification and combustion
process in circulation fluidized bed. By using a metal filter, it is continuously trap the tar in gases
and removed from the filter surface by centrifugal force while lowering the viscosity of heavy tar
by using high temperature to heat the wall of rotary cylindrical with the controlling heater. Through
experiments, with various the mesh size and frequency circumstance variable. From the resulting
of tar removal experiments, we can clarify preferred operating conditions and establish a method
of scale up, and ultimately aim for acquisition and commercialization of related patents.

OBJECTIVE

1. To conduct research and analysis of issues related to chemical contaminants that can be
affected to the performance of combustion systems and gasification process in "Circulation
control of three-chamber internal circulation fluidized bed using biomass pyrolysis gas"
2. To improve the quality of the synthesis gas which produced from the pyrolysis/gasification
process in the three-chamber internal circulation fluidized bed. By separating the tar
components extracted from the produced gases. By this way, it can help to kept stability of
the combustion efficiency. At a result, we can reduce the amount of fuel consumption for
combustion process, and also reduce the amount of air pollutant which producing from the
heavy tar residue combustion process.
3. To contribute to the exploitation of tar that can be separated from the synthesis gas (organic
component), which a pure tar composite can condensation to be qualified liquid fuel. Which
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it can be used as fuel oil for the resource of combustion process to generated the expedient
power and energy.
4. To contribute the development and modification of equipment associated with the biomass
pyrolysis/gasification process by modern technology and coordinate with the knowledge
about the fluidized bed technology which has widely apply in many industries. In order to
use the modification and can be adapted to work with the combustion gases refining in
"Circulation control of three-chamber internal circulation fluidized bed using biomass
pyrolysis gas". With the patent of its products by KINSEI Sangyo CO., LTD.

SCOPE OF WORK
1. Research and study on the removal of tar contaminants in synthesis gas which generated
from the biomass pyrolysis/gasification and combustion process. As well as analyzes and
demonstrate a trouble arising from the accumulation of a large amount of tar residue in
synthetic gases.
2. Basic design, construct the innovation of tar removal from synthesis gas. As well as
establish and installation of the tar removal device in feature of a rotary cylindrical
container into the pyrolysis/gasification and combustion system "Circulation control of
three-chamber internal circulation fluidized bed using biomass pyrolysis gas".
Furthermore, has running test the system operation with tar removal device to compile the
synthesis gases purity variable and analyze the results of tar removal situation.
3. This proposal project, "Removal of tar contaminate for fluidized-bed plant with gasification
& pyrolysis process by rotary cylindrical mist separator technique ", is being designed to
install and operate with the biomass pyrolysis/gasification system "Three-Chamber Internal
Circulating Fluidized-bed in pilot-scale of biomass plant". Which using with the biomass
in the maximum of 2 ton / day and pyrolysis gases and tar produced by the pyrolysis furnace
in fluidized-bed procedure must not have temperature higher than 400 C
4. Research the basic design / experiment and analyze the structure of the mesh, like size and
frequency, which is used to trap the tar residue in pyrolysis gases before cracking by
spinning with high centrifugal force. To estimate the optimum of mesh size and frequency.

EXPECT RESULT
1. Available to reduce the amount of tar contamination in the pyrolysis gases (organic
component) from the pyrolysis/gasification and combustion in fluidized bed system. With
a proportional amount sufficient for the pyrolysis gases are treated and can be reforming to
the synthesis gases which become to the liquid fuel (Bio - Oil) by hydrogenation
2. The rotary cylindrical of tar removal separator can be able to install and operate with the
dry gases combustion system "dry distillation gasification GB-20-2100 TYPE Incinerator".
To be able to use with the solid waste disposal and infectious medical waste. For the
disposal of infectious waste from Maharaj Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai
University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
3. Liquid oils (Bio-oil) can be derived from the condensation of pure tar which is separated
from the synthesis gas, can be used fuel oil as combustible fuel and internal combustion for

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vehicle and generate electric power. Resulting in a product from the tar removal device
have plentiful benefits for commercial and industrial organization.

RESEARCH ESTABLISHMENT
1. KINSEI Sangyo CO., Ltd – 788 Yanaka-machi, Takasaki City, Gunma Prefecture, Japan
〒 370-1203 – For Research study, Basic design concept working, conclusion and
presentation place.
2. Gunma University, Kiryu campus - 1-5-1, Tenjin-cho, Kiryu-shi, Gunma Prefecture, Japan
〒376-8515 – For Tar removal equipment installation and construction, experiment place,
TOCs and GC analysis.

BUDGET & JUDGMENT

Total expense of this research project: 3,000,000 Yen
Which including: 1.) Utility for pilot/bench scale fluidized-bed,
2.) Rotary cylinder mist separator,
3.) Reagent for tar analysis,
4.) Pilot/bench plant renovation and installation.

METHODOLOGY
Tar removal technique and application
There are many type of the tar removal research which have been aimed for develop the
removal techniques by using the latest technology, that capable to remove tar effectively such as
using catalytic cracking, thermal cracking, advanced oil scrubber technology, or plasma reactor for
a range of objective, where most of them are costly and not suitable to apply to some working
application such as pyrolysis or gasification process in the fluidized bed system. On the contrary,
technique which using of mesh filter with physical separating is prospective to provide conceivable
technique that concern mostly on economically and simply operable system for tar removal with
preservation of effectiveness and potential for scaling up.
From advanced technology can provide numerous feasible techniques of tar removal
application depending on the properties of tar and process of producing [13]. In preliminary
methods, tar contaminate can be removed inside of pyrolysis/gasification and combustion process
under the term of circulating fluidized bed system. For secondary methods, which has more
efficient, economical and simply to operate, due to tar can be removed outside of the system by
installed tar residue removal apparatus. The treatment methods can also be characterized into
chemical (catalytic and non-catalytic such as thermal cracking) and physical (such as adsorption,
absorption and filtering) processes. The physical process is an attractive, technically and
economically to feasible with tar removal technique. Furthermore, physical tar removal process is
uncomplicated adaptable to any gasifier system. However, it also depends on produced gases
quality specifications required for specific downstream applications. Physical tar removal
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technique could be characterized as wet system such as spray towers or packed column scrubber
and dry system such as cyclone, filters or adsorbents.
According to the physical method of tar removal technique is a dry application system,
especially removing of tar contaminate in vapor phase of produced gases. Among on the various
physical techniques, Filtering with metal mesh process is considered better as compared to other
techniques because of its convenience / moderate price, uncomplicated operation and simplicity of
design. The advantage of physical filtering technique is can be achieve the design with a simple
mechanism and application, also can response with high temperature which can produce the
various quality of liquid oil.

The relevance research about tar removal technique

Physical tar removal is proven to be technically and economically attractive approach for
synthesis gases treatment from biomass pyrolysis/gasification and combustion. Which there are 3
tar removal techniques were investigated for each type of tar;
1) Heavy tar removal by absorption using vegetable oil and waste-cooking oil scrubbers,
2) Light tar removal by adsorption using rice husk and rice husk char adsorbent bed and
3) Heavy tar removal by combination of absorption and adsorption using vegetable oil
scrubber and rice husk char adsorbent bed.
From the experiment technique, the temperature of thermal tar decomposition process was
set at 800 °C and temperature of the physical treatment of produced gases was at room temperature,
A. Paethanom [13] summarized that the absorption technique was effective for heavy tar removal
and the adsorption technique was capable of light tar removal. By combining vegetable oil scrubber
and rice husk char adsorbent bed, 95.4% of gravimetric tar could be successfully removed.

Gasification process for organic combustion

Conventional combustion and gasification technologies are based on the reaction between
organic material (Hydro-carbon source) and conditioned quantity of oxygen and steam. Hydrogen
and syngas from cellulosic organic gasification are produced the gaseous fuels used for generate
power of various operation. In addition, the syngas has also derived liquid fuels such as methanol,
dimethyl ether, and synthetic diesels are also transportation fuels. Despite all the advantages of
syngas and hydrogen production which can be used to be the power source, but in gasification and
combustion process are necessary to reduce the formation of tar and char residue in synthesis gases
composition. Also, oil vapor condenses at reduced temperature form tar, hence causing problems
of blocking and fouling in downstream equipment and causing environmental concerns [4].
Tar removal method and invention have been directed toward considerable endeavour from
the tar contaminate residue in synthesis gases which derived from the combustion and gasification
process. There are some of the approaches ways which make from its possible innovate as
including the physical processes such as using the filters(membrane or mesh) [5] or wet scrubbers,
and thermal processes of high temperature cracking [6] and catalytic cracking. Which catalytic
cracking technique is recognized as the most effective method to reduce the tar formation [7]. Since
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it can perform well with high tar removal efficiency even at relatively low operating temperature
(600–900 C).

Biomass Pyrolysis process

The technology which be the most noticeable biomass pyrolysis technique developed
recently uses the plasma technique to reduce the unwanted contaminants such as tar, CO2, and
some heavy hydrocarbons. Furthermore, the produced gases has high heating value for 4–5 MJ/m3
[8]. The plasma biomass pyrolysis uses the DC plasma torch with argon/steam stabilized arc, which
were developed and patented by IPP-ASCR [9] as the sole energy source. In their work of the
biomass pyrolysis, the main components of syngas that produced by pyrolysis process were
consists of hydrogen (28–46% vol) and CO (44–66% vol). Complex hydrocarbon and tar residue
were produced below the sensitivity of the analysis procedure (1 mg/Nm3). Even through it is not
be obvious whether the plasma system could provide better economic benefits than
pyrolysis/gasification combustion by conventional principle without economic analyze data, it can
provides better control of the composition of the produced gas and very low tar formation.

Tar Measurement Standard

The tar measurement standard (TMS), which has focuses on the Standardization at
European level (CEN) of a guideline for measurement of organic contaminants (called 'Tar'). The
Guideline provides a set of procedure for measurement of organic contaminants and particles in
producer gases from biomass gasifiers. The procedures are designed to cover different air or
oxygen blown gasifier types (updraft or downdraft / fixed bed or fluidized bed), operating
conditions (0 - 900 C and 0.6 - 60 bars), and concentration ranges (1 mg/m3 to 300 g/m3) [12].
For the tar experiment and measurement analysis method was developed in sequence to
remove the obstacle and achieve the precisely experiment result. The measurement principle is
based on the discontinued sampling of the gas steam containing particle and condensable organic
compounds. The setting up of the tar measurement sampling system has the atmospheric and
isokinetics sampling train for tar and particles with removal probe and Pitot tubes for flow
measurement and amount of tar contaminate in the impringer scrubber (device that transmits short
high-pitched signals at brief intervals for purposes of detection, measurement, or identification).
Which the sampling structure is shown schematically as the Figure 2.

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Fig1. Showing the Schematic diagram of TMS Sampling set up [12]

The tar compounds measurement are divide by the 2 analysis method as 1. The gravimetric
tar and the number of individual organic compounds (GC-detectable tar). For the first one,
gravimetric tar, is defined as the evaporate residue at circumstances according to the TMS
(temperature, pressure, duration). For the second one, individual organic compounds, can be
estimate in biomass producer gases which are specified in a compound list in a tar measurement
standard including Chemical abstract service (CAS) registry number. From the both analyze, tar
gravimetric and individual compounds, can be performed distinguishable and principle which can
has free to select either one or both method, depending on the type of the tar measurement result
data required.
Analysis methodology with total organic carbon (TOC) analyzer
TMS system have water scrubber which trap amount of light tar and small particle
product gas sampling. With this strategy, water scrubber – has mean to waste water which has
compose of some tar (organic carbon), can be use TOC analyzer to analyze and measure the content
of organic carbon.
Total Carbon (TC) of a wastewater sample is typically composed of a mixture of
total organic carbon (TOC) and inorganic carbon (IC) or mathematically TC = TOC + IC or TOC
= TC — IC. Using these equations, there are two methods to determine TOC. One method is to
measure TC and IC independently and subtracting the IC from the TC. The second method uses
an acid to carbonate the sample to chemically remove the IC from the sample and leaving only the
TOC in the sample for analysis by the instrument.
All online TOC analyzer technologies oxidize the total organic carbon samples to
break the sample’s organic carbon down into a carbon dioxide (CO2) gas. The CO2 gas is measured
by a Nondispersive Infrared (NDIR) detector.

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- High Temperature Catalytic/Combustion Oxidation (HTCO) online TOC analyzer

technology first acidifies the sample to a pH of less than 2 which converts carbonates (inorganic
carbon) in the sample to carbonic acid (dissolved carbon dioxide or CO2). The sample is then
purged (sparged) with a carrier gas to remove the CO2. The organic carbon remaining in the
sample is oxidized to CO2 using a catalyst and a high temperature oven maintained at 900 degrees
Celsius. The continuously flowing carrier gas transfers the CO2 into a nondispersive infrared
(NDIR) detector. The NDIR detector measures the concentration of CO2 which is proportional to
the concentration of the total organic carbon in the sample. The following figure displays a generic
online HTCO TOC analyzer.

Fig 2. Shown the detailed schematic diagram of Generic HTCO Online TOC Analyzer Schematic
(Source: ITA Online Toxics Measurement Workshop Proceedings)

Analysis methodology with Gas Chromatography (GC) analyzer

The gas sampling in T.M.S. system has conduct amount of produce gases after filtering and
scrubbing. With the gas bags, can take to analyze the gas component and content of hydrocarbon
gases which can be took to summarize the result data of performance evaluation of T.R.D. separator
by comparison with another tar deposit removing method (Strainer, Gas clean-up process)
The description of the collection and analysis of various organic compounds using gas
chromatography or GC- “Chromatography” refers to the method of separating compounds in a
mixture. The lab routinely utilizes various types of chromatography to analyze samples, such as
high performance liquid chromatography or HPLC, and Ion chromatograph or IC, but in this
session we will be focusing on Gas chromatography. Because of its speed and accuracy, the GC is
the main instrument used for the analysis of volatile organic solvents.
Generally, when a tube is received in the lab requesting routine GC analysis, the tube is
separated into front and back sections, which are placed into vials. A specific amount of desorbing

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solvent, most often carbon disulfide, is added and the vials sit for at least 30 minutes to chemically
desorb the solvents from the charcoal and into the carbon disulfide.

Fig 3. Shown the detailed schematic diagram of Gas chromatography (GC) instrument
(Source: WOHL works: organic analysis by gas chromatography)

BESIC DESIGN AND RESEARCH PROCEDURE

To design, construct and install the appliance of tar removal device by using the
rotary cylindrical with centrifugal forced method, from synthesis gas which produced from
the reforming of biomass’ product gases (pyrolysis gases) with the pyrolysis/gasification
and combustion process in circulating fluidized bed system. We will apply the theory and
principles of the relevant knowledge about the tar removal separator by centrifugal rotary
cylindrical and container heating control with liquid oil refining collector. There are some
the significant principle which are used in this research project as the following:

1. Mechanical of solid strength and Mechanical Engineering Design to create 3D

model of Tar removal device and calculate the required strength ness of material used as
relate component, including with stainless pipe, bolt/nut, welding, metal plate endurance
limit strength to design structure and installation method of Tar removal device
2. Fundamental of dynamic movement with centrifugal force by rotated motor
driving to spinning the sludge of tar contaminate that it is trap by the metal mesh, to
bounced it off the mesh filter inside the cylindrical container.
3. Fundamental of heat transfer and temperature of thermodynamics which are used
to control temperature of the cylindrical container's wall. Along with the heater electrical
consideration to calculate the reasonable of power factor of the heater from this experiment
solution.
4. The piping and valve control system, including gas duct, oil pipe, relative valve
control, used to control the gas flow direction and adding the functional flow method by
the principle of each type of valve or pipe characteristic which has various suitable for each
state of gas/liquid flow condition or operating temperature/pressure

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5. The basic principle and science technology knowledge about the circulation
fluidized-bed which is the present illustrious technology for organic disposal industries and
biomass plant, whether or the detailed of pyrolysis, gasification and combustion process
and its principle.

Fig4. Show basic concept design the schematic structure of rotating cylindrical tar
separator by developed type

1. Basic design the structure and installation procedure of Tar removal device [TRD]
The structure of T.R.D. is consist of 3 main component parts which worked together
to treat the synthesis gases with amount of tar contamination, for the first component is the
body and main structure of TRD, including stainless mesh with various of mesh size and
frequency qualification, stainless pipe with the various of size and characteristic which can
be used to make the tar cylindrical separator, the mesh rod/shaft, top cover of TRD, inlet /
outlet of synthesis gas duct, and also refined oil drain pipe. For these main component have
to attach to the others by flange, bolt/nut, or welding which differ depending on the
requirements of each components. And also the 2 types of bearing have install with mesh
rod/shaft to support the rotation and centrifugal forced, bearing have attach in the flange
and on the supporting plate of TRD By the metal supporting plate and standing component
has important point for each equipment establishing with the circulating fluidized bed
system, so calculating and analyzing the strength of material and applied forced static
theory are essential for these main structure.

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Fig5. Shown the detailed design of 1st component, the main body and support standing structure

For the second component is the controlling heater which have equip with T.R.D.’s
separate cylindrical wall, to control the operating temperature during biomass fluidized
operate. The various operating temperature, 150 C will be controlled to heat up the tar
contaminate in synthesis gases to lowered the density of tar residual which can encourage
to centrifugal forced separating have more effectiveness and also can promote to refine the
tar component transform to liquid fuel oil.

Fig6. Shown detailed design of the 3rd component, structure of drive motor and pulleys system

The last component is motor driving and pulleys system, which is the movement
component of TRD by stepping motor with high rotate cycle (1750 rpm, 50W) can produce
sufficient centrifugal forced to spin the mesh with high speed rotate. By construction and
installation procedure, have to design the equipment to suitable for TRD operate situation
with biomass fluidized bed pilot-scale plant, the pulleys system have considered to
construct between stepping motor and mesh’s rod/shaft to transmit the forced as the ratio

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115:145 drive gear system. Although this design is so complicated for installation
procedure more than directly apply rotate forced from drive motor to shaft, it can contribute
the forced transferring and preventing damage with stepping motor from unexpectedly
device stop working which it will be beneficial for long-term use.

Fig 7. Shown the overall 3D view of T.R.D. designed structure and relative equipment

In this research project. The basic design, construction and installation of the tar
removal device will be performed with the ‘Circulating Fluidized-Bed' in the actual
biomass pyrolysis bench-scale plant, the pyrolysis gases/ synthesis gases with tar
contaminate produce from pyrolysis furnace. From below picture shown flow diagram of
product gases, by flow through cyclone tank and condenser tank to clean up and decrease
temperature of gases, Moreover, it can reduce some components of tar by water washing
in condenser tank. After that, gases flow into tar removal device to have treatment and
separate tar contaminate from synthesis gas, which this equipment is the main focus of this
research, the exhaust gases after treatment flow through the sampling port of Tar
measurement standard and sampling (TMS), to sample synthesis gases and measure amount
of tar residue. The outlet gases form these process will be clean up by washing tank
(scrubber) and induced air to outside atmosphere.

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Pyrolysis gas Sampling port Sampling port

By-pass Clean-up
line gas line

Biomass
Cyclone tank Condenser
Filter
Pyrolysis
Furnace/
Reactor Burner
pump

* T.R.D. = Tar removal

Device * TRD
** T.M.S. = Tar measurement
standard and sampling

** TMS Strainer

Fig8. Shown the schematic diagram of three-chamber Internal Circulating Fluidized-Bed system
with Tar removal device

The major component of this research project ‘Tar removal device (TRD) is
separator cylindrical container with various of mesh qualification (size and frequency), by
this way the picture below has shown flow detailed of product gases with tar contaminate
when it flow through TRD, after condenser tank, there are 2 ways of pipe flowing, by-pass
way and TRD treatment way. From by-pass, can take the experiment without the treatment
from TRD which can bring its result to compare with treatment process from TRD result
and can estimate its performance from this comparison. By the way, another subject of this
research is focus on operating temperature of control heater equip on TRD’s separator
which has effect to quality of liquid fuel oil refining, thus there are some part of oil drain
pipe to collect amount of refine oil to analyze its qualified and can estimate the optimum
of operate temperature of TRD’s heater
The minor component is Tar measurement and sampling (TMS) system. This
system procedure can use to sampling, measure, analyze, and compare the result of each
experiment situation. From picture below show the flow diagram of TMS’s system, it
consists of 3 main component; particle filter, heavy tar filter, and water scrubber. The result
of experiment from this system can be collect and analyze by TOCs (Total Organic Carbon)
method which can get the amount of tar (In form of organic carbon) contaminate in produce
gases. By the way, sampling port may not take amount of sample gases enough to get
efficient experimental, thus induced draft fan (Diaphragm pump) has equipped with vent
pipe to produce the induced force for sampling port intake gases execute.

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Sampling port
Vent
By-pass line

Gas Sampling
Particle
Heater control; 300 C

Main scrubber line

Heavy tar filter

Heater control; 110 Induced- Flow

C pump meter
Water scrubber
Fig9. Shown the detailed of process flow diagram of tar Tar measurement standard and
sampling (TMS) structure

To have experiment and analyze the produce gas (pyrolysis/synthesis gases)

qualification that has treated by this invention. Including an analysis and estimating of the
effectiveness of the tar removal separator by investigate the properties and chemical
contaminate of synthesis gases before and after get treatment form TRD. As a result, from
this research project can eliminates the tar residue composite in the synthesis gases.

Tar Removal
Device (TRD)

Tar measurement and

sampling (TMS)

Fig10. Shown the actual pipe line and process flow diagram of Tar removal device (TRD)
and tar measurement standard and sampling (TMS)

From the above, the detailed of research and experiment will be divided into two
major topics as following:

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1.1. Research the basic design structure, size and appropriate frequency of the
mesh which used as a tar filter.
Considered for designing and constructing of mesh parts for tar trapping. (Filter out
of tar residue from synthesis gas). Based on centrifugal forced dynamics principle,
considerate the appropriate examination and research to be able to extract and separated the
tar residue from the synthesis gas which derived from pyrolysis/gasification and
combustion process. To achieve the pure synthesis gases that has been already treated with
amount of the tar contamination as minimal.
From the measurement method and experiment to evaluate the performance of tar
removal separator, which depending on the strategy of designing and prototype construct
by a filter stainless mesh are based on the size, frequency of mesh which is being used to
filter and separate tar from synthesis gases. There are some 3 characteristics of the
appropriate size and frequency which are already considerate by the tar particle residue in
synthesis gases, as the following:
 Mesh : 13 mesh, 1,500 micron – PTEE
 Mesh : 120 mesh, 120 micron – PTEE

Fig11. The Mesh size table and shown each actual mesh size
(Source: understanding mesh size ESPICorp Inc.)

The principle of the mesh trapping is to use the frequency of wire mesh made of
Teflon or stainless steel can be used to filter out tar residue from the synthesis gases. Which
flow through the tar removal device. (Tar removal devices are installed between the
pyrolysis furnace and cyclone condenser tank in the circulating fluidized bed system).
When the synthetic gases with tar contaminate flow through the filter mesh, the tar is
trapped and separated by the frequency of the stainless steel mesh. When the tar is
accumulate on the mesh, the rotated motor drive, attached to the mesh rod, will rotate at
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high speeds with centrifugal force to swing and spin the tar particle stick away from the
mesh to the cylindrical container's wall. On the side cylindrical walls of the tar removal
device will be equipped with heater to control the temperature of the wall is hot enough to
lowering the viscosity of heavy tar that sticks to walls fallen out.

Fig12. The construction design of stainless mesh separating

1.2. Research the compare performance of tar deposit removal technique

The strategy and method to separate tar deposit, remove out from product gases
which produce from circulating fluidized-bed system (pyrolysis process). Generally,
biomass has change to synthesis gases which have some amount of tar contaminate, and
also some large particle (char), to eliminate those tar by using the gas clean-up system
which normally consists of cyclone tank, liquid condenser tank, and also some part of gas
filter. By these component can remove and separate the tar deposit in produce gases.
However although clean-up gas system have various of benefit to use, also with its high
performance to eliminate tar contaminate in produce gases, its system is still has an
extravagant to construct and maintenance the functional component of its system.
For this research purpose, to eliminate the tar deposit out of synthesis gases by using
the rotary cylindrical separator. Which is the peculiar design to removal amount of tar and
another large particle, the base design has similar with strainer operating – by separate and
removal the tar out from produce gases. Heterogeneous point of apply is strainer not rotate
- just put on the pipe and get separate the particle flow through it, but for rotary cylindrical
separator or tar removal device (TRD) has the functional of rotate propel and also has the
functional of temperature control to heat-up its apparatus with high temperature to prevent
condensation of tar and some large particle (char).
By these design strategy of TRD, can speculate that the performance of tar deposit
removing has more effectiveness than ‘strain’ separating, which we can perform its
condition by experiment system of TMS Furthermore, not only strainer is take to perform
these experiment, but also for clean-up gases system (cyclone, condenser, gas filter) - by
this procedure can evaluate the absolute performance of TRD operating by comparison the
resultant with ‘strainer condition’ and ‘clean-up gases condition’.

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Fig13. The front view of tar removal device (a), section view inside tar removal device (b)

EXPERIMENTAL METHOD AND PROCEDURE

The sampling collection was performed to analyze and evaluate the performance of tar
removal contaminate in synthesis gases and to analyze the quality of refining oil derived from tar
particle condensation by several different heat recovery temperatures. A random sampling of
synthesis gases through treatment to measure and estimate the amount of tar contaminants in the
synthesis gases. By this way, we compare with a proportion of tar contaminate in the synthesis
gases before entrance treatment in the tar removal device.

Particle Filter

Glass Tube

Diaphragm pump
Heavy Tar Filter

Tar water scrubber

Fig 14. The schematics diagram of tar sampling and measurement method, shown the pipe line system of
the filter heating and tar scrubber component

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Tar sampling and measurement schematic diagram are consists of the sampling port at main
of gas duct and sampling gases with tar contaminate flow in stainless tube which have controlled
the temperature of 300 – 350 C for protect condensation of tar particle to prevent clogging in small
tube, and maintaining gas state to flow to the next stage. The particle of heavy tar with large amount
particle will be filtered at the 1st heating filter, used glass fiber paper to be the tar tap equipment.
And for the heavy tar with less amount of tar particle will be filtered at the 2nd heating filter which
has the temperature control of 110 C, the heavy tar will form to liquid and some solid state which
can be trap and collected by the fiber glass paper, from this stage heavy tar will be capture and
keep from product gases. Thus, light tar which still contaminate in product gases will be trap and
collect by water scrubber bottle, light tar will accumulate in each water bottle and can be gathered
to measure amount of light tar.
Although the number of water scrubber have affect to the performance of residue tar
capturing, quantity of water bottle have to control to suitable for pilot-scale experiment, thus, the
another way to accelerate the light tar filter reaction is control the variable temperature in the bath
tub, so in this case, water scrubber bath tub will have 2 main different temperature which consists
of the room temperature (25 C) and cold temperature (5 C) and with 6 water scrubber bottles which
have the schematic diagram as shown in Fig. 15. Moreover, in tar sampling system also have 2
path of gases route, one of them is use for preparing to experiment's route (by-pass) and the other
one is heating filter captured / measurement route (main pass). To do an experiment by main-pass
can measure the amount of tar contaminate by heavy tar filter and light tar water scrubber to
analyze and compare to the tar contaminate without Tar removal process, the result can take the
evaluation of different performance of tar removal and estimate the optimum of separate mesh size
and frequency.

1 2 3 4 5 6

Fig 15. Shown the detailed of schematics diagram of tar sampling strategy and sequence of tar
scrubbing

The period time to get experiment and amount of tar contaminate measurement has
sampling time of 30 minutes and have operate test of 1 times for each situation, bypass condition
(run biomass in circulation fluidized bed system without TRD), and tar removal condition (run the
system with TRD), the value of tar contaminate in synthesis gas will have evaluate by comparison
method between bypass and removal condition to estimate the performance of TRD
The strategy of installation for the rotating cylindrical of tar removal separator system with
the biomass pyrolysis/gasification in the circulating fluidized bed system, to perform a combust
procedure to process as regular operation. It's necessary to study the operation and details of the
several equipment associated with the operation of the circulation fluidized bed system. By design
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and construct the tar removal separator for the treatment of synthesis gases to be suitable and
compatible with the 'Three-chamber internal Circulating Fluidized Bed system' as effectively.
Include planning of installation and pipe line, and internal piping systems with the tar removal
device to ensure consistency and compatibility with other piping systems and equipment in the
circulating fluidized bed systems.

METHOD TO ANALYZE RESULT DATA

The result data from TMS experiment can obtain the result from each situation of tar
removal method experiment, which including strainer separate method, clean-up gases system
(cyclone tank, liquid condenser, particle filter), and also from tar removal device (TRD) separate
method.
From these method experiment can get the result from tar measurement standard and
sampling (TMS) system, which have consider to sampling produce gases (pyrolysis/synthesis
gases) which produce by the combustion in fluidized-bed system, the result data will be divided to
2 main type of result data – 1. Primary data, and 2. Secondary data.
For the primary data – are the raw result data by direct experimental from TMS system, to
be the data base for analyze and evaluate the secondary of each tar removal method experiment,
this tar measurement and sampling system has obtained the primary data which consist of the
component as following:
1. The weight of Particle filter – record and measure the weight of filter before and after
experiment which it has trap some tar and large particle /steam
2. The weight of Heavy tar filter – record and measure the weight of filter before and
after experiment which it has trap heavy tar and some oil/steam
3. The weight of Scrubber water - record and measure the weight of 6 bottles of scrubber
waters which has trap light tar and some steam
4. The amount of total organic carbon (TOCs) from 6 scrubber bottles, has measure,
analyze, and record the result data in form of carbon concentration in each sample
5. The amount of hydrocarbon gases and general gases, from Gas Chromatography (GC),
the TMS also has gas sampling system to collect the sample gas after filter and scrubber,
to analyze the component of gas in gas sample
The secondary result is the data after analyze and calculate primary data to convert to
performance percentage of TRD tar separating which have comparison to removal method by
strainer or clean-up gases system, the result from secondary data can take to evaluate the
performance of TRD and get demonstrate the tar removal method by rotary cylindrical separator
is appropriate or not, for treatment the synthesis gases which produce from pyrolysis and
gasification process in fluidized-bed system with tar/particle deposit.
By this strategy, to get the result data, the schematic plan of tar measurement standard and
sampling (TMS) has shown by the plan diagram below, the diagram have consist of each TMS
analysis methods which can take the result for data base of secondary analytics result data.

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SCHEDULE AND TIME-LINE OF RESEARCH WORK

By the period time of the tar removal project. It is based on the duration of the education
plan of cooperative program according to the regulations of course 2 5 4 4 4 9 of cooperative
education for Mechanical Engineering, Chiang Mai University. Which lasts for 6 months starting
from June to November 2018, which are detailed in the activities as shown the table below:
Table 1. The period and activity/task of tar removal device research project

Task June July August September October November

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2
Period (week)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4
1. Refer to the project
topic and preparing to
provide the information
for the basics related to
the project.
2. Research and study data
about the tar removal in
various ways, as well as
the principles and
technologies which used
in process
3. Detailed study of the
pyrolysis/gasification and
combustion in circulating
fluidized bed system,
including to associate
equipment and piping
systems.
4. Study the basic
properties of synthetic gas,
tar particle, and properties
of fuel oils which used in
commercial industries
5. Planning implement of
the installation, as well as
checking for the design
and construction detailed
of the Tar removal device
6. Construction and
installation of rotating
cylindrical tar removal
mist separator with the
pyrolysis/gasification and
combustion in circulating
fluidized bed system
7. Defect the problem
with fluidized-bed in
pilot scale plant by
change method to use
‘bench scale’ plant
8. Designing and planning
the construction and
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installation process of
Bench scale plant
9. Install TRD equipment
and piping system with
fluidized-bed bench
scale plant and TMS
system to have
experimental
10. Defect the trouble
with Bench scale plant
by change the method
to use direct feeding of
liquid tar into fluidized-
bed pipe line system
11. Design and
prepare the equipment
of liquid tar direct
feeding method
12. Install the system of
liquid tar direct
feeding system and
prepare the TOC and
GC analysis
instrument
13. Have the ‘tar removal
method’ experiment
and collect all sets of
raw result data
14. Analyze the raw result
data and conduct the
TOCs and GC analysis
15. conclusion to have
comprehend the
performance from
each test condition of
tar removal method

CALCULATION RESULT OF ANALYZED DATA

Wherewith the experimental from each test condition of tar removal method – clean up gas
system, TRD, and strainer separation. TMS system has conducted the sample gas from tar removal
pipe line system, which have the nitrogen gas flow rate of 20 L/min and feeding together with
liquid tar water solvent with feed rate 15.7 g/min which has the density of 1,287 g/L and initial of
total organic carbon value of 426,960 mg/L. From these data of ‘direct tar feeding system’, can
obtain the raw sets of result data by instrument’s weight, TOCs and GC analyzer.
Actually after get experiment from each test conditions, from TMS system on the sets of 6
bottles of tar water scrubber has divided to 2 main groups of the sample sets, by the bottle 1-2, and
the bottle 3-4-5-6 as sequentially of tar scrubbing process. And take analyze the data from TOCs

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result data analyzer. Subsequently, take the calculation for analyzed result data from these
equation;
TOC = TC – IC (mg/L)
Which; TOC = Total Organic Carbon
TC = Total Carbon
IC = Inorganic Carbon
To analyze amount of carbon compound in the sample, it’s necessary to have a dilution
before get TOCs analysis. By this strategy, when obtain the result of TOCs value in the unit of
mg/L. the equation below used for calculation of the initial concentration of total organic carbon
before get dilution process;

C0 V0 = C1 V1 = C2 V2 = Ctotal Vtotal

By dilution strategy, the bottle 1-2 used the volumetric flask: size 0.5 liter, and the bottle
3-4-5-6 used the volumetric flask: size 1.0 liter. Therefore, the amount of total mass carbon (Tar)
in each sample sets can estimate by;

𝑀𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 𝐶𝑇𝑂𝐶𝑠 ∙ 𝑉𝑓𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑘 (𝑚𝑔)

The concentration of total organic carbon (TOC) in the fluidized-bed pipe line system
which have conduct by TMS system to estimate the flow rate amount of tar contaminate in form
of carbon component from each test conditions. To calculate the ‘Total amount of tar’s feed rate’
(both of before and after removal conditions) used the total mass of tar in the part of the volume
flow rate of feed gas, as shown by this equation;
𝑀𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑚𝑔
̇
𝐶𝑓𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑡𝑎𝑟 = ( )
𝑉̇ 𝐿 ∙ ℎ𝑟

From these equation above, at the finally can obtain the total amount of tar’s feed rate in
pipe line system which each test conditions had different amount of this result data, depending on
its separation performance of tar contaminate and some deposit particle. Therefore, the secondary
data – final calculation data above, can estimate tar removal efficiency by base on the ‘Before
treatment condition data’ which had the equation shown;

𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝐵𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 − 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝐴𝑓𝑡𝑒𝑟
𝐸𝑓𝑓 = × 100
𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝐵𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒
The evaluation of tar removal performance from each test condition using arrangement of
tar separate efficiency ranking. The evaluation result of this research project can lead to comprehend
the performance from each test condition of tar removal method.

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TAR SEPARATION – EXPERIMENTAL RESULT

From the experiment of each test condition, can obtain the result data in form of raw sets
data. By same experimental situation – by feeding liquid tar water solvent inject (directly) into the
pipe line of fluidized-bed plant, together with nitrogen gas feeding. As same feed rate of nitrogen
gas and liquid tar substance, we can obtain the correctly test result. The experimental result can be
divide to 2 main type of result data which are:
1. Primary result table
From the raw result data which the experiment from each test condition, there are 7 test
conditions as show in the table below:
Table 2. Show the raw result data which test from each condition of experiment

𝑪𝑶𝟐

Tar measurement and sampling result table show the raw result data which test from totally
7 conditions of experiment, which including 6 parameter of test condition and the remaining is for
evaluation reference data. By the TRD parameter, there are 2 parameter of mesh quality – fine
mesh (120 micron) & large mesh (1500 micron), and there are 2 parameter of speed rotate – high
rotate (1745 rpm) & low rotate (1000 rpm).
For the primary result data, there are totally 5 kinds of result data collect from experiment
as show in above table and the whole of these data, have main focus to TOCs analysis by the
concentration of total carbon in water scrubber. By divide 6 of scrubber water to 2 groups of sample
sets – from TOCs analyze data show in unit form by mg/l of total organic carbon in water scrubber
from each 2 sample sets.

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2. Secondary result table

After collect the primary data from each 7 test conditions, then take it to analyze,
calculate and compare these result data to estimate the performance of tar removal equipment by
the percentage of tar separation efficiency base on ‘Before treatment condition’ which have data
show in the table below ;
Table 3. Show the evaluation result of each tar removal equipment performance

TOCs analysis GC analysis

Perfor
Code Test Condition Tar feed rate Efficiency Efficiency
CO2 Volumetric mance
(mg/l∙ ℎ𝑟) (%) (ml) (%)
nd
A001 Condenser + gas filter 0.141 94.88 0.19810 95.13 2
TRD – Fine frequency + st
A002 0.07166 97.4 0.0628 98.45 1
High rotate
TRD – Fine frequency + th
A003 1.9208 30.3 0.056865 98.60 5
Low rotate
TRD – Large frequency rd
A004 0.20557 92.5 can not analyze - 3
+ High rotate
TRD – Large frequency th
A005 0.22854 91.8 can not analyze - 4
+ Low rotate
th
B001 Strainer 2.106 23.59 1.688 58.49 6
Before treatment
B002 2.7562 - 4.06674 - -
condition

The efficiency for both secondary data, TOCs analysis and GC analysis, show the percentage
amount of tar which it have separated by each condition of tar removal equipment. It seem that TRD by fine
mesh & high rotate condition has highest tar removal performance, the second is Gas clean-up system
(Condenser + gas filter) and found that the last with least tar removal performance is strainer separator.
However this result data have used only TOCs result calculate data (GC analysis is not sufficient enough to
use for arranging the tar removal performance, also with some primary data like, Particle/heavy tar filter,
glass tube and water scrubber weight. Because the different of amount of tar for each test condition has so
less and some method cannot use for analyze and calculate.
Thus, by arrange the tar removal performance, will use only TOCs analysis and calculation data
which is the most confidential result data to evaluate the tar removal performance by percentage of tar
separation which is the purpose result of this research project.

CONCLUSION & DISCUSSION

From TOCs analysis data, we can summarize by 2 manner of tar removal equipment
performance evaluation, - by Tar removal equipment can summarize that “TRD has the highest tar
removal performance than gas clean-up system and strainer separator”, - and by TRD strategy of
tar separation component can summarize that “Speed of rotate power of motor has most effect to
Tar removal performance than mesh quality” from this it means that more of angular velocity, has
the higher performance of tar removal.

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In term of TRD parameter, we also found that fine mesh and large mesh have a result which
not so much different efficiency. Thus, by mesh parameter of TRD have so less effect for tar
separation efficiency if compare to power speed rotate which have a huge impact of tar removal
efficiency.

The question is why TRD has more performance of tar removal than gas-clean up system
or strainer separation? There are the answer from this project discussion is TRD has a system which
produce the centrifugal forced to separate tar and large particle, More over TRD still have heat-up
control system for heating gas to prevent condensation of tar and large molecular of tar and dust
will be capture by Fine mesh certainly. Which difference from Condenser & filter and Strainer
does not has this application operate.
To design and construct TRD which use for separate amount of tar, we have to consider
about its structure which have to operate with high speed rotate without/less of vibration, and also
from this research project result can lead us to design the size and frequency of mesh more
accurately. Including temperature control which also have the impact for tar contaminate
condensation and support TRD to perform tar separation.

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REFERENCE

[1] W. Peter Arnold MD, PhD (1997), Tar, Clinics in Dermatology, volume15, Issue 5.
[2] S. Nakamura, S. Kitano, K. Yoshikawa (2016), Biomass gasification process with the tar removal
technologies utilizing bio-oil scrubber and char bed, Applied Energy volume 170.
[3] A. Paethanom, S. Nakahara, M. Kobayashi, P. Prawisudha, K. Yoshikawa (2012), Performance of tar
removal by absorption and adsorption for biomass gasification, Fuel Processing Technology, Volume 104.
[4] Devi, L., Ptasinski, K.J., & Janssen, F.J.G. (2003).A review of the primary measures for tar elimination
in biomass gasification processes, Biomass Bioenergy, 24, 125–140.
[5] Zhang, Y., Draelants, D.J., Engelen, K., & Baron,G.V. (2003). Development of nickel-activated catalytic
filters for tar removal in H2S-containing bio-mass gasification gas, Journal of Chemical Technology
and Bio-technology, 78, 265–268.
[6] Alden, H., Hagstrom, P., H allgren, A., & Wald-heim, L. (1996). High temperature catalytic gas cleaning
for pressurized gasification processes, Proceedings of the European Bioenergy Conference, 9th,
Meeting Date June 24–27, 1996, PaperNo. 2, 1410–1415.
[7] Corella, J., Toledo, J.M., & Padilla, R. (2004). Catalytic hot gas cleaning with monoliths in biomass
gasification in fluidized beds. 1. Their effective-ness for tar elimination, Industrial and Engineering
Chemistry Research, 43, 2433–2445.
[8] Tang, L., & Huang, H. (2005). Biomass gasification using capacitively coupled RF plasma technology,
Fuel, 84, 2055–2063.
[9] Hrabovsky, M., Kopecky, V., Sember, V., Kavka,T., Chumak, O., & Konrad, M. (2006). Properties of
hybrid water/gas DC arc plasma torch, IEEE Transaction on Plasma Science, 34, 1566.
[10] Prins, M.J., Ptasinski, K.J., & Janssen., F.J.J.G. (2007).From coal to biomass gasification: Comparison
of thermodynamic efficiency, Energy gy, 32, 1248–1259.
[11] Ruiz, J., Sanz, M.J., & Gomez, J. Pyrolysis of olive stones in different reactors. Proceedings of the 4th
Biomass Conference of the Americas, Meeting Date 1999, pp. 1193.
[12] W. van de Kamp, P. de wild, U. Zielke, M. Suomalainen, H. Knoef, J. good, T. Liliedahl, C. Unger,
M. Whitehouse, J. Neeft, H. Van de Hoek, J. Kiel, Tar measurement standard for sampling and analysis
of tars and particles in biomass gasification product gases, 14th European Biomass Conference &
Exhibition 2005.
[13] L. Devi, K.J. Ptasinski, F.J.J.G. Janssen, A review of the primary measures for tar elimination in
biomass gasification processes, Biomass and Bioenergy 24 (2003) 125–140

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APPENDIX

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APPENDIX [PICTURE]

Fig 16. Shown the overall 3D modelling view of T.R.D. designed structure and relative equipment which
have deign by Solid works program by Isometric view (left) and Section view (right)

Fig 17. Shown the overall 3D modelling view of T.R.D. designed structure and relative equipment which
have deign by Solid works program by Front view (left) and Right-side view (right)

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Fig 18. Shown the site – view of ‘Circulating fluidized-bed plant’ in ‘Pilot-scale’ plant which have
pyrolysis, gasification, and combustion furnace @ Gunma University, Kiryu campus, Japan

Fig 19. Shown the site – view of ‘Circulating fluidized-bed plant’ in ‘Pilot-scale’ plant which have
pyrolysis, gasification, and combustion furnace @ Gunma University, Kiryu campus, Japan

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Fig 20. Shown the site – view of ‘fluidized-bed plant’ in ‘Bench-scale’ plant which have pyrolysis-reactor
furnace @ Gunma University, Kiryu campus, Japan

Fig 21. Shown the piping system of ‘fluidized-bed plant’ in ‘Bench-scale’ plant with condenser and gas
filter (clean-up gas system)

Fig 22. Shown the pipe line of ‘Liquid tar solvent direct feeding system’ by inject tar into fluidized-bed
piping system with Nitrogen gas feeding
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 Research Project of ‘Tar removal device’
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Fig 23. Shown the detail site-picture of ‘Liquid tar solvent direct feeding system’ which inject tar by
pyrolytic pump with feed rate maximum 15.7 g/min

Fig 24. Shown the site-picture of ‘Tar removal device’ or TRD which have compound with 3 phase motor
and transfer pulley-belt system, and equip with fluidized-bed piping system

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Fig 25. Shown the assembly component of TRD structure before construction which consists of TRD’s
body, Top cover, mesh, rod, support rotate bearing, and separate collar

Fig 26. Shown the component of TRD structure by the upper bearing support of mesh’s rod rotate

Fig 27. Shown sit-picture of the TRD structure after get assembly construction

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Fig 28. Shown the component of TRD structure of mesh’s rod rotate with large mesh frequency

Fig 29. Shown the component of TRD structure of mesh’s rod rotate with fine mesh frequency (left) and
stainless mesh paper (right)

Fig 30. Shown the overall view of ‘Tar measurement standard and sampling system’ or TMS with
stainless and PFA tube, and control temperature of 350 C and 110 C, sequent
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Fig 31. Shown the overall view of ‘Tar measurement standard and sampling system’ or TMS with tar
water scrubber sets, operate with suction pump (use diaphragm pump)

Fig 32. Shown the overall view of TMS system of glass tube and ‘heavy tar filter’ operate with thermal
control (left) and ‘Particle filter’ with manual valve (right)

Fig 33. Shown the component of TMS system of ‘particle filter’ (left) and measure weight (right)

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Fig 34. Shown the component of TMS system of ‘Heavy tar filter’ (left) and measure weight (right)

Fig 35. Shown the component of TMS system by tar water scrubber sets (Before get experiment)

Fig 36. Shown the component of TMS system by tar water scrubber sets (After get experiment)

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Fig 37. Shown the dilution of tar water scrubbing to prepare for testing by TOCs analysis by using
volumetric flask 500 ml. and 1,000 ml.

Fig 38. Shown the tar scrubbing sample sets for TOCs analysis

Fig 39. Shown the TOCs analyzer (sampling machine, and computer for analyze and display data)

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Fig 40. Shown the display of TOCs analyze result data for 7 tests condition and initial substance of liquid
tar water solvent

Fig 41. Shown the main office of KINSEI Sangyo CO., Ltd which is one of the place of this research
project has been execute

37
 6 5 4 3 2 1
150

104
D 170.88 D

110
179.92
204 208.31
346.94

60.50

C 167.89 C
36.80
434.27
568.13
767.37 460.40

125 353.73

49.45

B B
202.93

KINSEI SANGYO CO.,LTD FINISH: Sub Title TITLE:

DEBURR AND
Gunma University Tar removal and
BREAK SHARP
EDGES motor &pulley system TAR removal Device (TRD)
48.60
structure
MOtor, Pulley, Cylindrical separator DO NOT SCALE DRAWING

A Date:
30/08/2018
Drawer:
P. Taotiang Stainless steel pipe
DWG NO.
REV5 . A4 A
WEIGHT: 24 kilogram SCALE: 1::20 SHEET 1 OF 1

6 5 4 3 2 1
 List of equipment using in the Tar removal Device and its relative appartus

Item No. Equipment's name Code numer Specification Description Price Quantity Maker/purchase

1 Tar removal Mesh 784-9800 (CG46P-01) size = 450 * 600mm. Using D=50mm., L= 70mm. 2316 yen 1 unit ALINCO
2 Tar Cylinder seperating pipe 100A stainless steel L = 120mm. - - 1 unit
3 Mesh and cylinder rod pipe 40A stainless steel L = 350mm. Using for constuct the mesh rod - 1 unit
4 Bearing support 1 below part 214-3186 (UCFC210D1) OD= 165mm, ID = 50mm, M14 Flanged Cartridge Unit cast Housing 5724 1 unit NTN
5 Top Cover pipe 65A stainless steel L = 60mm. - - 1 unit
6 Bushing Pulley 1 380-4780 (SP2012X50) ID= 50mm, EVN Bushings 1,677 1 unit EVN
7 SP Pulley 455-4761 (SPA 132-1) OD= 132 mm, Constuct relative with bushing pulley 2,527 2 unit EVN
8 V- Belt 383-1540 (A-32) Length = 813 mm. V- Belt A-type 814 1 unit Mitsubishi
9 Stepping motor 440-6494 (SSA-TR-42D2SD) Torqe = 1.0 N.m, DC 24 V. Dia = 5 mm. Stepping motor with Integrated Controller 29,160 1 unit Shinano Kenshi
10 Integrated Controller 440-6508 (SSA-TR-42D2SD-PSU4) DC24V/50W Stepping motor with Integrated Controller 44,226 1 unit Shinano Kenshi
11 Motor Coupling 293-1648 (RCLA-25C5-12) related Dia = 5 *12mm, Torqe = 2.35 N.m Flexible Coupling Reli-a-Flex 3,564 1 unit isel
12 Standard separate Collar 484-9744 (SCSS5022C) ID = 50mm, OD = 85mm. M10 Standard Separate Collar 2,214 2 unit iwata
13 Motor Shaft 856-7168 (304-D-012-0300) SUS304 rod, Dia = 12mm, Length = 60mm. Cold Finished bar 900 1 unit
14 Inlet gas duct pipe 50A stainless steel L = 70mm. - - 1 unit
15 Outlet gas duct pipe 50A stainless steel L = 90mm. 1 unit
16 Oil outlet pipe pipe 15A stainless steel L = 50mm. Schedule 40 Pipe Nipple, Threaded on Both Ends 472 1 unit Grainger
17 Oil drain pipe pipe 15A stainless steel L = 40mm. Schedule 40 Pipe Nipple, Threaded on Both Ends 472 1 unit Grainger
18 Oil piping system pipe 15A stainless steel L about 240mm. Schedule 40 Pipe Nipple, Threaded on Both Ends 733 1 set Grainger
19 Oil Collecting contrainer pipe 80A stainless steel L = 110mm. 1 unit
20 Pipe cap WBB1754607 1-1/2 In Galvanized Malleable Cap 1-1/2 In Galvanized Malleable Cap 150 PSI Lead Free 308.77 1 unit Global industrial
21 Glove Valve WBB1874922 1/2 In. Stainless Steel Gate Valve 1/2 In. Stainless Steel Gate Valve - 200 PSI 4992.59 2 unit Global industrial
22 Hex Screw for top bearing 477-8758 (B22-1460) M14 x 2 , Length = 60mm Unichrome Hexagon Bolt 602 /pack 5 unit TRUSCO
23 Hex Screw for lower bearing 477-8766(B22-1470) M14 x 2 , Length = 70mm Unichrome Hexagon Bolt 602 /pack 5 unit TRUSCO
24 Hex nuts for top bearing 160-6921(B24-0014) M14 x 2, WN Heavy hex screw B18.2.4.6M 602 /pack 5 unit TRUSCO
25 Hex nuts for lower bearing 160-6921(B24-0014) M14 x 2, WN Heavy hex screw B18.2.4.6M 602 /pack 5 unit TRUSCO
26 Socket set screw for Pulley 160-4490(B31-0815) M8 x 1.25 , Length = 16mm Hexagon socket set screw 778/pack 6 unit TRUSCO
27 Hex screw for oil pipe connecting 159-8392(B22-0408) M4 x 0.5 , Length = 8mm Unichrome Hexagon Bolt 602/pack 20 unit TRUSCO
28 Motor base 856-7152 (304-CF-003-050-0980Width
) = 50mm, Length = 980mm, tickness = 3 mm. Cold flat bar 2614 1 unit
29 Main Supporting base plate Width = 180mm, Length = 240mm, tickness = 10mm Cold flat bar 1 unit
30 Hex Screw for Base supporting plate 477-8731 (B22-1450) M14 x 2 , Length = 50mm Unichrome Hexagon Bolt 602 /pack 2 unit TRUSCO
31 Oil Elbow pipe pipe 15A 90 degree bending pipe 1/2 In Galvanized Malleable 90 Degree Elbow 150 PSI Lead Free 103.3 1 unit Global industrial
32 Bushing Pulley 2 380-4780 (SP2012X50) ID= 12mm, EVN Bushings 972 1 unit EVN
33 Bearing support 2, top part 1210K ID = 50mm, OD = 90mm, tickness = 20mm For support rotate of top stainless rod 4830 1 UNIT NSK
34 Top cover flange part 1 - OD = 100 mm, Tickness = 10mm, M12 x 4 For covering the top part 1 UNIT
35 Top cover flange part 2 - OD = 100 mm, ID = 76.3, Tickness = 10mm, M12 x 4 For covering the top part 1 UNIT
36 Flange of main cylinder - OD 165mm, ID1 = 90, ID2 = 50mm. M14 x 4 For connect the main cylinder and top cover 2 unit
37 Flange of main cylinder bottom - OD 165mm, ID = 50 M14 x 4 For connect the main cylinder 1 unit
38 Flange of outlet and inlet gas - OD = 88mm, ID = 60.5mm, M5 x 4 For connect the outlet and inlet gas duct 2 unit
TOTAL 124,343 yen
 List of equipment using in the Tar Sampling and measurment (TMS)

Item No. Equipment's name Code numer Specification Description Price Quantity Maker/purchase Weight
1 Scrubber bottle No. 128240-03 ID = 45mm, Body dia = 77mm, Hight = 158mm, Cap = 500ml Experiment bottle Polyethelyne 180 9 unit i-CUBE
2 Bottle Cap No. 128241 Dia = 55mm, 2 hole: M18 Experiment bottle cap Polyethelyne - 9 unit i-CUBE
3 Push one E-series EC8-PT1/8 App Dia= 8mm, D= 13.7mm, L= 26.2 Using for Connect the pipe upper with the cap 270 24 unit NIT 12 g.
4 Mesu connector EFC8-PT1/4 App Dia= 8mm, D= 13.9mm, L= 30.9 Using for Connect the pipe lower with the cap 340 18 unit NIT 28 g.
5 PL Polyolefin resin tube PL-4-10x8 Temp. = -60.0 - 80.0C Press = -101.3 kPa Length = 20m, OD = 8mm, ID= 6 mm 3,800 1 unit NIT
6 Activated Carbon filter 1-5742-02 Flow rate = 4l/min. Temp = 2-40C dia =65x250mm. Filter for the heat particles 2,100 1 unit AS one
7 Particle filiter container - Square 100x100mm, Length =280mm. Containe the activated carbon filter - 1 unit
8 Qualitative Filter Paper 2-870 (101 type) Size Dia = 18.5 mm, 0.15% filter Filter for the Heavy tar content (Box = 100piece) 980 1 unit AS fil
9 Paper filter container - Torqe = 1.0 N.m, DC 24 V. Dia = 5 mm. Contain the paper filter and can take I out to result 1 unit
10 Valve Inline type EMVA8 temp =-20C - 80C, P=1.0 Mpa app Dia= 8mm valve for control tar sampling in the pipe line system 2,820 3 unit NIT 86 g
11 Union T-pipe MEUT8 temp =-20C - 80C, P=1.0 Mpa app Dia= 8mm using for connect the pipe system 1,380 2 unit NIT 35 g
12 89 bend Elbow E-series EL8-PT1/8 temp =-20C - 80C, P=1.0 Mpa app Dia= 8mm Using for connect the tar sampling pipe with gas duct 398 1 unit NIT 15 g.
13 Thermomerter gage TMS50-250 (1-9897-02) FS = +2%, measure = -20 - 250 C Using for measure the particle filter to detect inside temp. 7,380 1 unit VIOLAMO 30 g.
14 Bath tub cool - hot B-322N (1-3853-04) Cap = 4l. Size = 160 x 301 x 120mm. Natural keeper package, use for contain the scrubber bottle 1,050 3 unit ASSRE
FDA Approval fiberglass cloth carbon fiber
15 Heavy Tar filter heat resistamce PTFE (5295) t= 0.08 Mm, 1m x 1m, Temp = 260 C, PTFE Coated 663 1 m2 Alibaba
cloth teflon coated fiberglass cloth
16 Neflon PFA tube 159850-10 PTEF L=10m, Temp= -40 - 260 C, OD= 8mm, ID = 6mm 11,520 1 unit ASSRE
Ingredients: chromium (18%), nickel (8%)
17 Heavy tar filter stainless containner 137160-04 Stainless steel, size = 122 x 87 x 57 580 1 unit ASSRE
aka 18 chromium stainless steel
SUS304 stainless steel, using to be the
18 Particle filiter stainless container (4-5314-01) 138060 Stainless steel, size = Dia = 55mm. Length = 80mm 900 1 unit AXEL
container of Particle heater filter
19 Parrticle filter heater (1-5400-01) MOF250C1 [118970]
Filter cartridge (antibacterial type), Dai = 30mm x 65mmPalm type, ACF = 0%, Coconut shell = 100% 2900 1 unit AXEL
20

TOTAL VER 2 43,338

TOTAL VER 3 52,931