Textbook 

 Chapter 11  Matrices and Determinants Suggested Solutions

 Exercise 11A ( page 11.12)

(c)
1.

2.

6.

3.

4.

7.

5. (a)

8. 
(b)

 By the definition of equality of matrices, we have

and
From , we have .

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New Effective Learning Mathematics Module 2: Algebra and Calculus Teacher’s Reference Volume 2

9. 
Substitute x  1 into (2),


 By the definition of equality of matrices, we have

, , and

13. 
From , we have .

Substitute into ,

 By the definition of equality of matrices, we have

Substitute into , (1)  2  (2):

Substitute into (1),



10.

14. 

 By the definition of equality of matrices, we have

, , and
11.
From , we have .
Substitute into ,

Substitute and into ,

Substitute and into ,

12.  

 By the definition of equality of matrices, we have

15.

From (1),
(1)  (2)  2:

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 Textbook  Chapter 11  Matrices and Determinants Suggested Solutions

17. (a)
Substitute (3) into (2),

Substitute into (3),

(b)

16.

(1)  (2):

Substitute into (1),

18. (a)

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New Effective Learning Mathematics Module 2: Algebra and Calculus Teacher’s Reference Volume 2

(b) Take and ,

For n  k  1,

L.H.S.

 P(k  1) is true if P (k) is true.

 

 By the principle of mathematical induction, P(n) is true for all

positive integers n.

19. 

 Exercise 11B ( page 11.23)

1.
 By the definition of equality of matrices, we have

2.

20. Let P(n) be ‘ ’.

3.
For n  1, L.H.S.

R.H.S. 4.

 L.H.S.  R.H.S.
 P(1) is true.
Assume that P(k) is true for some positive integer k.

i.e. 5.

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 Textbook  Chapter 11  Matrices and Determinants Suggested Solutions

6. 10.

11.
7. (a)

(b)

12. 

 By the definition of equality of matrices, we have

8. (a)

From (1),

From (2),


(b)
13. 

 By the definition of equality of matrices, we have

From (1),

From (2),

9.

14. 

 By the definition of equality of matrices, we have

and
From ,

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New Effective Learning Mathematics Module 2: Algebra and Calculus Teacher’s Reference Volume 2

 18. (a)

15.  (b)

 By the definition of equality of matrices, we have

(2)  3  (1):

19.
Substitute into (2),

16. 

20. (a)

 By the definition of equality of matrices, we have

17. (a) (b)

(b)  The order of B is 3  2 and the order of A is 2  3.

 The order of BA is 3  3.
 BA is a square matrix.

21. (a)

 BA is not an identity matrix.

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 Textbook  Chapter 11  Matrices and Determinants Suggested Solutions

23. (a)
(b) 

(b) 

 By the definition of equality of matrices, we have 

 , where n is a positive integer.

From (1),
Substitute into (2),

22. (a)

24. (a)

(b)

(b)

25. (a) Let be ‘ ’.

For n  1, L.H.S.



(c)
R.H.S.

 L.H.S.  R.H.S.
 P(1) is true.
Assume that P(k) is true for some positive integer k.

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New Effective Learning Mathematics Module 2: Algebra and Calculus Teacher’s Reference Volume 2

 P(1) is true.
i.e. Assume that P(k) is true for some positive integer k.

i.e.

For n  k  1,
For n  k  1,

L.H.S. (By induction

assumption) L.H.S.

 P(k  1) is true if P (k) is true.

 

 By the principle of mathematical induction, P(n) is true for all

positive integers n.
 P(k  1) is true if P (k) is true.
 

 By the principle of mathematical induction, P(n) is true for

all positive integers n.
(b) (i)

(b)

(ii)

26. (a) Let P(n) be ‘ ’.

For n  1, L.H.S.
27. (a)

R.H.S.

 L.H.S.  R.H.S.

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 Textbook  Chapter 11  Matrices and Determinants Suggested Solutions

(b) L.H.S.

 By (a),

 P(k  1) is true if P (k) is true.

 

 By the principle of mathematical induction, P(n) is true for all

positive integers n.
(c) Take t  2,

28. (a)

29. (a)


(b) Let P(n) be ‘ ’.

(b) Let P(n) be ‘ ’. For n  1, L.H.S.

For n  1, L.H.S.  P(1) is true.

Assume that P(k) is true for some positive integer k.
i.e.

R.H.S. For n  k  1,

L.H.S.

 L.H.S.  R.H.S.
 P(1) is true.
Assume that P(k) is true for some positive integer k.
 P(k  1) is true if P (k) is true.
 

i.e.  By the principle of mathematical induction, P(n) is true for all

positive integers n.
For n  k  1,
(c)

 By (b),

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New Effective Learning Mathematics Module 2: Algebra and Calculus Teacher’s Reference Volume 2

(b)

30. (a)

5.


(b) By (a),

6.

7. (a)
 Exercise 11C ( page 11.35)
(b)

1.

8. (a) (i)

2.

(ii)

3.

(b) (i)

4. (a)

(ii)

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 Textbook  Chapter 11  Matrices and Determinants Suggested Solutions

17.
9.

10. 18.

11.
19.

12.

20.

13.

21.

14.

15.

22.

16.

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New Effective Learning Mathematics Module 2: Algebra and Calculus Teacher’s Reference Volume 2

23. (a)
27. (a)

(b)

24. (a) 

(b)

(b)
By (a),

28. L.H.S.

25.

R.H.S.

26.


 Exercise 11D ( page 11.45)

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 Textbook  Chapter 11  Matrices and Determinants Suggested Solutions

(b)  B is the inverse of A.

1.


 By the definition of equality of matrices, we have

 are the inverses of each other.

From (1),

2.
From (2),

6. (a)

 are the inverses of each other.

3.

(b)

4. (a)


(b)

7.

5. (a)

 P is non-singular and 4I  P is the inverse of P.

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New Effective Learning Mathematics Module 2: Algebra and Calculus Teacher’s Reference Volume 2

8.
11. (a)

 Q is non-singular and is the inverse of Q.

(b) (i)

9. (a)

(b)
(ii)

10. (a)

(b) 


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 Textbook  Chapter 11  Matrices and Determinants Suggested Solutions

12. (a)

(b)

14. (a)

13. (a)

(b)

(b)


 A is a non-singular matrix and .

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New Effective Learning Mathematics Module 2: Algebra and Calculus Teacher’s Reference Volume 2

(c) Take . Then .

15. (a)


17. (a)

(b) 



(b)


16. (a)

(c)

(b)

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 Textbook  Chapter 11  Matrices and Determinants Suggested Solutions

(d)

 is true if P (k) is true.

 

 By the principle of mathematical induction, P(n) is true for all

positive integers n.

 Exercise 11E ( page 11.60)

1.

18. Let P(n) be

‘ ’.

For n  1, L.H.S.

R.H.S. 2.


 L.H.S. R.H.S.
 P(1) is true.
Assume that P(k) is true for some positive integer k.

i.e.

For ,

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New Effective Learning Mathematics Module 2: Algebra and Calculus Teacher’s Reference Volume 2

3.

7.

   is a non-singular matrix.

8.

4.

   is a singular matrix.

9.

5.

10.

6.

11.

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 Textbook  Chapter 11  Matrices and Determinants Suggested Solutions

12.

15.

13.

14.

16.

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New Effective Learning Mathematics Module 2: Algebra and Calculus Teacher’s Reference Volume 2

19. (a)
17. (a)

(b) 

 is a singular matrix.
(b)

18. (a)  A and B are singular matrices.

From (1), we have .

From (2), we have . 20. (a)

(b)

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 Textbook  Chapter 11  Matrices and Determinants Suggested Solutions

(b)

22. (a)

(b)

(c)

23. (a) (i)

 is a symmetric matrix.

(ii)

  is a symmetric matrix.
(b)

(iii)

 is a symmetric matrix.

(b)

 By the definition of equality of matrices, we have

21. (a)  
 is symmetric.

24. (a)

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New Effective Learning Mathematics Module 2: Algebra and Calculus Teacher’s Reference Volume 2

25. (a)

(b) (i)

(b) Let P(n) be ‘ ’.

 By the definition of equality of matrices, we have

For n  1, L.H.S.
From (1),

 P(1) is true.
Assume that P(k) is true for some positive integer k.

i.e.

 By the definition of equality of matrices, we have

For n  k  1,
From (3),

L.H.S.

Substitute (5) into (6),

 P(k  1) is true if P (k) is true.
 

 By the principle of mathematical induction, P(n) is true for all

positive integers n. Substitute t  1 into (5),

(c)

(ii)

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 Textbook  Chapter 11  Matrices and Determinants Suggested Solutions

L.H.S.

 P(k  1) is true if P (k) is true.

 

 By the principle of mathematical induction, P(n) is true for all

positive integers n.

(c)
(c) By (b),

26. (a)

 Revision Exercise 11 ( page 11.67)

(b) Let P(n) be ‘ ’. 1.

For n  1, L.H.S.

R.H.S.

 L.H.S.  R.H.S.
 P(1) is true. 2.
Assume that P(k) is true for some positive integer k.
i.e.
For n  k  1,

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New Effective Learning Mathematics Module 2: Algebra and Calculus Teacher’s Reference Volume 2

3.

10.

4.

5.

11.

6.

7.

8.

9.

12.

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 Textbook  Chapter 11  Matrices and Determinants Suggested Solutions

 By the definition of equality of matrices, we have

Substitute (1) into (2),

13.

Substitute into (1),

 By the definition of equality of matrices, we have

(1)  2    (2):
Substitute into (1),

Substitute into (1),

 , and ,

16. (a)

14.

 By the definition of equality of matrices, we have

 By the definition of equality of matrices, we have

From (1), (b)

Substitute (3) into (2),

17.

Substitute into (3),

15.

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New Effective Learning Mathematics Module 2: Algebra and Calculus Teacher’s Reference Volume 2

(c) In general, for two square matrices X and Y, does not

imply or .
In particular,
18.

19.
23. (a)

(b)

20. 

21.  A is a singular matrix.



 AB is a singular matrix. 

22. (a)

24. (a)

(b)

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 Textbook  Chapter 11  Matrices and Determinants Suggested Solutions

(b)

(c)
25. (a)

(b) 

 

27. (a)

 A is non-singular.
26. (a)

 B is non-singular.

(b) 
(b)

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New Effective Learning Mathematics Module 2: Algebra and Calculus Teacher’s Reference Volume 2

(b)

 is non-singular.
(c) (i)

(ii)

(iii)

29. (a)


28. (a)

(b) Let .

 is non-singular.

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 Textbook  Chapter 11  Matrices and Determinants Suggested Solutions

 By (a),

31. (a)

 M is not a singular matrix.

(b)
30. (a)

(b)


(c)


 is a singular matrix.
(c) Substitute into ,

32. (a)

From (b),  If , then A is a non-singular matrix.

 A is a non-singular matrix for .

(b) (i)

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New Effective Learning Mathematics Module 2: Algebra and Calculus Teacher’s Reference Volume 2

33. (a)

(ii)

(iii) If , by (b)(ii),

(b)

 A is non-singular.
 

(c) 

(d)

(e) By (a), (b) and (c), we have and .

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 Textbook  Chapter 11  Matrices and Determinants Suggested Solutions

35. (a)


(b)

34. (a)  M is a non-singular matrix.

 exists.

(b)

 By (a),

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New Effective Learning Mathematics Module 2: Algebra and Calculus Teacher’s Reference Volume 2

36. (a)

(b) Let P (n) be ‘

  ’.
For , L.H.S.

 L.H.S. R.H.S.
 P (1) is true.
 

Assume that P (k) is true for some positive integer k.

 

i.e.
For ,

L.H.S.

 is true if P (k) is true.

 

 By the principle of mathematical induction, P (n) is true for all

 

positive integers n.

(c)

 By (a),


(c)

37. (a)

 By the definition of equality of matrices, we have

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 Textbook  Chapter 11  Matrices and Determinants Suggested Solutions

 By the definition of equality of matrices, we have 38. (a)

(b) (i)

(b) Let P(n) be ‘ ’.

For n  1,

(ii)
 P(1) is true.
Assume that P(k) is true for some positive integer k.
i.e.
For n  k  1,

L.H.S.

 By the definition of equality of matrices, we have

 P(k  1) is true if P (k) is true.

 

 By the principle of mathematical induction, P(n) is true for all

positive integers n.

(c) (c) (i) From (b),

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New Effective Learning Mathematics Module 2: Algebra and Calculus Teacher’s Reference Volume 2

(ii)

39. (a)
(iii)

 p is a non-zero constant.

 B is non-singular.

(b) (i)

 and


 By the definition of equality of matrices, we have

(ii)
40. (a)  A is idempotent.


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 Textbook  Chapter 11  Matrices and Determinants Suggested Solutions

Let .

 B is idempotent.

(b) Let P(n) be ‘ ’.  By the definition of equality of matrices, we have

For n  1, L.H.S.

 P(1) is true.
Assume that P(k) is true for some positive integer k.
i.e.
For n  k  1,
(1)  (2): q  4
Substitute q  4 into (2),
L.H.S.

 P(k  1) is true if P (k) is true.

 

 By the principle of mathematical induction, P(n) is true for all

positive integers n.

(c) For ,

41. (a) (i)

 By the definition of equality of matrices, we have

(ii) Let P(n) be ‘ ’.

For n  1,


 L.H.S.  R.H.S.

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New Effective Learning Mathematics Module 2: Algebra and Calculus Teacher’s Reference Volume 2

 P(1) is true.
Assume that P(m) is true for some positive integer m.
i.e. (c)

For n  m  1,

L.H.S.

 By taking , we have

 P(m  1) is true if P (m) is true.

 

 By the principle of mathematical induction, P(n) is true for

all positive integers n.

 By the definition of equality of matrices, we have

(b) (i)

42. - 46. Solutions are not available for the public exam questions due to
copyright restrictions.

 Investigation Zone ( page 11.74)

(a) Let be the coordinates of B.
(ii)
 Coordinates of the mid-point of OB
 Coordinates of the mid-point of AC

 Coordinates of B

(b)

(iii) From (b)(ii),

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 Textbook  Chapter 11  Matrices and Determinants Suggested Solutions

(c)

(c) Area of OABC

 B is an inverse of A.

Concept Checkpoint 11.4 ( page 11.52)

(a)

 Concept Checkpoint

Concept Checkpoint 11.1 ( page 11.3)

(a) The order of A is . (b)

(b) , ,

Concept Checkpoint 11.2 ( page 11.30)

(c)

Concept Checkpoint 11.3 ( page 11.39)

(a)

(d)

 B is an inverse of A.


(b)
Concept Checkpoint 11.5 ( page 11.54)

(a)

 B is an inverse of A.

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New Effective Learning Mathematics Module 2: Algebra and Calculus Teacher’s Reference Volume 2

Classwork 11.3 ( page 11.8)

(b)
(a)

(b)

 Classwork (c)

Classwork 11.1 ( page 11.5)


Classwork 11.4 ( page 11.10)
 By the definition of equality of matrices, we have
, , and
From , we have .
From , we have .
Substitute into ,

Classwork 11.2 ( page 11.7)

Classwork 11.5 ( page 11.11)

(a)

(1)  (2):

(b)

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 Textbook  Chapter 11  Matrices and Determinants Suggested Solutions

Substitute into (1),

Classwork 11.7 ( page 11.17)

(a) (i)

(ii)

Classwork 11.6 ( page 11.15)

(a) (i)  BA is not equal to AB.

(b) (i)

(ii)

(ii)

(iii)

(iv) Since the number of columns of Q is different from the number of (iii)
rows of R, QR is undefined.

(b) (i)

(iv)

(ii)

Classwork 11.8 ( page 11.18)

(iii) Since the number of columns of C is different from the number of
rows of A, CA is undefined.

(iv)

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New Effective Learning Mathematics Module 2: Algebra and Calculus Teacher’s Reference Volume 2

(a)
(a) (i)

From (1),

(ii)
From (2),

(b)

(b) (i)

From (1),

(ii) From (2),

Classwork 11.10 ( page 11.21)

(a)

(iii)

(b)

Classwork 11.9 ( page 11.18)

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 Textbook  Chapter 11  Matrices and Determinants Suggested Solutions

(c)

(b)

Classwork 11.11 ( page 11.23)

(a) Let be ‘ ’.
Classwork 11.12 ( page 11.28)
For , L.H.S.
(a)

(b)

R.H.S.

(c)

 L.H.S.  R.H.S.
 is true. (d)
Assume that is true for some positive integer k.

i.e.
(e)

For ,

Classwork 11.13 ( page 11.29)

L.H.S.

(a)

(By induction assumption)

(b)

 is true if P (k) is true.

 

 By the principle of mathematical induction, is true for all

positive integers n.

(c)

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New Effective Learning Mathematics Module 2: Algebra and Calculus Teacher’s Reference Volume 2

(d) (ii)

(b) (i)

Classwork 11.14 ( page 11.32)

(ii)
(a)

(b)

Classwork 11.17 ( page 11.42)

(a)

Classwork 11.15 ( page 11.33)


(a)

(b)

Classwork 11.16 ( page 11.34) (b)

(a) (i)

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 Textbook  Chapter 11  Matrices and Determinants Suggested Solutions

(a) (i)

(ii)
(c)




Classwork 11.18 ( page 11.43)

(a)
(b) (i)

(ii)

(b)

Classwork 11.19 ( page 11.43)

(a)

Classwork 11.21 ( page 11.50)

 is non-singular and is the inverse of . (a)

(b)

(b)
 B is non-singular and is the inverse of B.

Classwork 11.20 ( page 11.44)

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New Effective Learning Mathematics Module 2: Algebra and Calculus Teacher’s Reference Volume 2

(c)

Classwork 11.22 ( page 11.50) (b)

(a)  A is symmetric.



 Q is non-singular.
 kA is symmetric.

(b) 

 is symmetric.

Classwork 11.23 ( page 11.53)

(a)

(b)

(c)

 R is non-singular.

Classwork 11.24 ( page 11.57)

(a)

 P is non-singular.

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 Textbook  Chapter 11  Matrices and Determinants Suggested Solutions

For ,

L.H.S.

 is true if P (k) is true.

 

 By the principle of mathematical induction, is true for all

positive integers n.

(c)

Classwork 11.25 ( page 11.59)

(a)

 Stage Assessment
Stage Assessment 11.1 ( page 11.12)

1. 

 By the definition of equality of matrices, we have

, , and
From , we have .
(b) Let be ‘ ’. Substitute into ,

For , L.H.S.
Substitute and into ,


R.H.S.

2.
 L.H.S.  R.H.S.
 is true.
Assume that is true for some positive integer k.

i.e.

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New Effective Learning Mathematics Module 2: Algebra and Calculus Teacher’s Reference Volume 2

2.
3.

3.

4.

4.

5. 

 By the definition of equality of matrices, we have 5.

From (2),
Substitute (3) into (1),

Substitute into (3),

6.

Stage Assessment 11.2 ( page 11.23)

1.

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 Textbook  Chapter 11  Matrices and Determinants Suggested Solutions

7. 2.


Stage Assessment 11.3 ( page 11.35)

1.

2.

3. (a)

3.

(b)
4.

5.

Stage Assessment 11.5 ( page 11.59)

6.

1.

2.

Stage Assessment 11.4 ( page 11.44)

1.
3.

 is the inverse of .

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New Effective Learning Mathematics Module 2: Algebra and Calculus Teacher’s Reference Volume 2

4.

5. Let .
7.  is a non-singular matrix.

 A is also a non-singular matrix.

6. Let .

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