Jurnal pt.6
Jurnal pt.6
Jurnal pt.6
Di Susun Oleh:
Lara Yunita
22136104
Dosen Pengampu:
GEOGRAFI NK
2023
Review Jurnal
Internasional 2
Nama Reviewer Lara Yunita
Journal Title Concept of Law in Chemistry The Concept of Law and Models in
Chemistry
Writer's name MARTIN QUACK
journal description ETH Zu¨ rich, Laboratorium fu¨ r Physikalische Chemie, Wolfgang
Pauli-Strasse 10, 8093 Zu¨ rich, Switzerland. E-mail: [email protected]
release year May 2014
Download link The_Concept_of_Law_and_Models_in_Chemistry.pdf
Background After a brief introduction to the basic concepts including som
questions of language, the first part of this paper provides a bri
survey of the historical development of laws and models in Chemistr
in particular atomic and molecular models. In the second part th
paper deals with the fundamental role of the observation of symmetr
violations in physics and chemistry in understanding the mo
‘fundamental laws’ and current efforts towards such studies by mean
of high resolution spectroscopy of molecules. We conclude with a bri
discussion of the implications for current unsolved problems
astrophysics and biology. On fait de la science avec des faits comm
on fait une maison avec des pierres; mais une accumulation de fai
n’est pas plus une science qu‘un tas de pierres est une maison. (Hen
Poincare´ ‘La Science et l’Hypothe`se’1 ) (Science is built upon facts, a
a house is built of stones; but an accumulation of facts is no more
science than a heap of stones is a house)
research purposes meet basic chemistry assignment requirements
research methods The question of how to build molecules from atoms leads to th
most fundamental models of chemistry. The basic concept wa
strongly influenced by the collaborative work of J.L. Gay-Lussac an
A. von Humboldt in December 1804 (see above, Ref. 16). In moder
notation and including results derived from Avogadro’s hypothes
we can write down their result on the synthesis of water from th
elements
quite naturally as an equation for molecules
research result The question of how to build molecules from atoms leads to th
most fundamental models of chemistry. The basic concept wa
strongly influenced by the collaborative work of J.L. Gay-Lussac an
A. von Humboldt in December 1804 (see above, Ref. 16). In moder
notation
and including results derived from Avogadro’s hypothesis we ca
write down their result on the synthesis of water from the elements
quite naturally as an equation for molecules 2H2 þ O2 ¼ 2H2O ð2Þ We
know today following Avogadro’s hypothesis that hydrogen and
oxygen as gases consist of molecules H2 and O2 with two atoms
each and water vapour is composed of molecules H2O. However, for
a long time during the nineteenth century water was still formulated
as OH. Otherwise modern notation for molecules is largely derived
from the abstract notation with the symbols of the elements from
Berzelius. Berzelius still noted the number of atoms as an exponent.
This was sometimes used until the end of the nineteenth century.17
Even in 1910 one could find the old Berzelius notation for the reaction
corresponding to the explosion of picric acid17 2 C6 H2 ðNO2 Þ 3 OH
¼ CO2 þ H2 O þ 11 CO þ 2H2 þ 3N2 ð11Þ We follow today the
notation with a right lower index introduced by J. v. Liebig in 1834.
Formulae such as H2O for water, CH4 for methane or C2H4 for
ethylene are not supposed to provide any structural model of the
molecule, they just provide the
composition of the molecule in terms of the numbers of atoms.
strengths and This journal is attractive and free but its scope is limited
weaknesses
conclusions and This paper is based on a lecture presented at the Workshop ‘Basic
suggestions Ideas in Science: Natural Law’. Academia Europaea and Klaus
Tschira Stiftung, Heidelberg, 4–5 June 2012. Thanks go to Ruth
Schu¨pbach for preparing the manuscript from my handwritten
notes. Part of this lecture was inspired by previous lectures at the
Berlin Academies.2,93 The experimental and theoretical work quoted
here owes its essence to my co-workers as mentioned in the
literature cited here and more completely in Ref. 24 and to financial
support from ETH Zurich, SNF and ERC. I am grateful to Klaus
Mainzer for his patience in waiting for this article. His book on
symmetries has been a source of inspiration since I first read it a
quarter century ago.95 The present paper is dedicated
to Jack D. Dunitz on the occasion of his 90th birthday