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4.1 Properties of LPG As Engine Fuel: Prepared By:-Prajwal Waghmare

This document discusses liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) as an engine fuel. LPG is a hydrocarbon made of propane, butane, propylene and butylene. It has properties that make it a suitable fuel, such as a high octane number and lower emissions than gasoline. However, LPG systems require more safety due to its inflammable nature. The document outlines the combustion and emission characteristics, effects on engine performance, storage and costs of LPG. Recent advances discussed include direct injection of LPG and using LPG in dual fuel combustion engines.

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Aniket Dhone
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89 views3 pages

4.1 Properties of LPG As Engine Fuel: Prepared By:-Prajwal Waghmare

This document discusses liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) as an engine fuel. LPG is a hydrocarbon made of propane, butane, propylene and butylene. It has properties that make it a suitable fuel, such as a high octane number and lower emissions than gasoline. However, LPG systems require more safety due to its inflammable nature. The document outlines the combustion and emission characteristics, effects on engine performance, storage and costs of LPG. Recent advances discussed include direct injection of LPG and using LPG in dual fuel combustion engines.

Uploaded by

Aniket Dhone
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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4.

LPG

Liquefied Petroleum gas, or LPG as it is better known as, is a hydrocarbon.


It contains propane, butane, propylene and butylene. Since it is an inflammable
mixture of all these gases, it has to be stored carefully. CNG and LPG have been
widely used in various vehicles very recently and better results have been
obtained in terms of fuel economy and particularly the exhaust emission.

4.1 Properties of LPG as engine fuel


➢ For Automobile engines, two types of LPG are used, one is propane and
other is butane. Sometimes mixture of both is used.
➢ The LPG has higher octane number of about 110, which enables higher
compression ratio to be employed and gives more thermal efficiency.
➢ By volume, relative fuel consumption of LPG is about ninety percent of
that of gasoline.
➢ LPG system requires more safety.
➢ Due to higher ignition energy requirement, starting load on the battery
for an LPG engine is higher than gasoline engine.

4.2 Combustion and emission characteristics of


LPG
❖ Combustion
➢ The emissions and other performances in spark ignition (SI) engines
fuelled with LPG have been studied by many scholars at inland and
abroad; a lot of characteristics have been revealed.
➢ HC and CO are decreased by 40% and 60% separately fuelled with LPG
than gasoline in the single point injection SI engine over the European
Test Cycle at 25 °C(by Snelgrove et al.)

➢ Combustion model fuelled with LPG have also been studied and the
suitable combustion model for LPG have been found.

Prepared by :- Prajwal Waghmare


➢ However, measuring the pressure in-cylinder and calculating the heat
release rate in order to investigate the working process of the SI engines
fuelled with LPG could be done detailed.

❖ Emissions
➢ The concentration levels of CO, CO2 and HC are lower with LPG than
the gasoline fuelled engine.
➢ Use of LPG reduces the major pollutants like NOx and smoke.
➢ LPG has lower carbon content than gasoline or diesel and produces
less CO2 which plays a major role in global warming during
combustion.
➢ The LPG powered vehicles have lower ozone forming potential and
air toxic concentrations.
➢ Low emission of toxic air contaminants such as benzene and 1,3-
butadiene.
➢ Low cold-start emissions.

4.3 Effect on engine performance


➢ There is a small decrease in the power output of S I engine with LPG
compared to that of gasoline fuelled engine.
➢ In comparison to petrol, LPG had less volumetric efficiency and hence
effective power was less.
➢ The fuel consumption of the engine was also increased with LPG as
compared to petrol.
➢ LPG has a higher octane rating and hence the engine can run
effectively at relatively high compression ratios without knock.
➢ LPG operation increases durability of engine and life of exhaust
system is increased.

Prepared by : Prajwal Waghmare


4.4 Storage, cost and safety of LPG
❖ Storage
➢ The LPG always has to be stored under very high pressure.
➢ It needs to be stored in a seal tight container. Any leakage can cause
a hazardous accidental.

❖ Cost
➢ Cost of LPG per kg is less than that of petrol or diesel.
➢ Also the running cost per Km is also less in the case of LPG.
➢ LPG costs approximately Rs 1.15 per Km and petrol and diesel costs
apx. Rs 3.3 and 2.3 respectively per Km.

❖ Safety
➢ LPG system requires more safety. In case of leakage LPG has
tendency to accumulate near ground as it is heavier than air. This is
hazardous as it may catch fire.
➢ Road sensitivity is high.
➢ Leakage cannot be easily detected.

4.5 Recent advances in vehicles running on LPG


➢ For complete replacement of LPG, it can be directly injected into the
combustion chamber of SI engine or it can be delivered to the intake
manifold just before the inlet port.
➢ LPG could be directly injected electronically. This system consisted of
ECU, LPG metering valve, step motor, fuel shut off valve, sensors etc.
➢ The C I engine can be converted to run in LPG- diesel dual fuel mode
by connecting a LPG vaporizer with the help of a nipple welded in the
inlet pipe closer to the inlet port.
➢ The LPG can also be supplied to C I engine by incorporating a LPG
regulator, gas flow controller with flow meter connected to the intake
manifold by PVC hose pipe

Prepared by : Prajwal Waghmare

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