1.

Find Z-Transform of f ( k )=a k ; k ≥ 0

Solution:
k =∞
Since ZT [ f ( k ) ] = ∑ z f ( k )
−k

k=−∞

ZT [ a ; k ≥ 0 ]
k

k=∞
¿ ∑ z −k a k
k=0

()
k=∞ k
a
¿∑
k=0 z

¿ 1+
a
z( )( ) ( )
+
a 2 a 3
z
+
z
+ …+… ∞

¿
1 a
; <1 ||
1−
a
z() z

z
¿ ;|a|<| z|
z −a
z
ZT [ a ; k ≥ 0 ] =
k
;|z|>|a|
z−a

2. Find Z-Transform of f ( k )=b k ; k <0

Solution:
k =∞
Since ZT [ f ( k ) ] = ∑ z f ( k )
−k

k=−∞

ZT [ b ; k < 0 ]
k

k=−∞
¿ ∑ −k
z b
k

k=−1

()
k=−∞
z −k
¿ ∑
k=−1 b

¿ ( )( ) ( )
z
b
+
z 2 z 3
b
+
b
+ …+ … ∞

¿ ( ) [ 1+ ( ) + ( ) +…+ … ∞ ]
2 3
z z z
b b b

¿
z 1
; |bz |<1
b
1− ( bz )
z
¿− ;|z|<|b|
z−b
−z
ZT [ bk ; k < 0 ] = ;|z|<|b|
z−b
 3. Find Z-Transform of f ( k )=a|k|
Solution:
k =∞
Since ZT [ f ( k ) ] = ∑ z f ( k )
−k

k=−∞
ZT [ a|k|]
k=−∞ k=∞
¿ ∑ z a +∑ z a
−k −k −k k

k=−1 k =0

()
k=−∞ k=∞ k
a
¿ ∑ ( az ) + ∑
−k

z
k=−1 k=0

¿ {( az ) + ( az ) + ( az ) +…+ … ∞ }+ 1+
2 3 a
{ ( )( ) ( )
z
+
a 2 a 3
z
+
z
+…+ … ∞ }
¿ ( az ) [ 1+ ( az )2+ ( az )3+ …+… ∞ ] +
1 a
; <1 ||
1−
a z
z ()
1 z
¿ az ;|az|<1+ ;|a|<|z|
1−( az ) z−a
¿
az
1−( az )
;|z|< +
1
a || z
z−a
;|a|<|z|

4. Find Z-Transform of f ( k )=cos [ kπ

8 ]
+ α , k ≥ 0.

Solution:
ZT [ f ( k ) ]

[ [ ]]
¿ ZT cos
kπ
8
+α

[ [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]]
¿ ZT cos
kπ
8
cos α −sin
kπ
8
sin α

[ ]
[ [ ] ] [ ] [ [ ]]
¿ cos α ZT cos
kπ
8
−sin α ZT sin
kπ
8
We know that
2
z −az cos α az sin α
ZT { a cos αk } = ZT { a sin αk }= 2
k k
2 2 and 2
z −2az cos α +a z −2 az cos α + a
π
Put a=1∧α= in above formula
8

¿ cos [ α ]
2
z −z cos
π
8 ()
−sin [ α ]
az sin
π
8 ()
2
z −2 z cos
π
8
+1
2
() 2
z −2 az cos
π
8
+1
2
()
¿
z 2 cos α −zcos α cos
π
8 ()
−z sin α sin
π
8 ()
2
z −2 z cos
π
8
+1 ()
 ¿
2
{
z cos α −z cos α cos ( π
8 ) + sin α sin ( ) }
π
8

z −2 z cos ( ) +1
2 π
8

¿
2
{ 8 }
z cos α −z cos ( α− )
π

;|z|>|α|
z −2 z cos ( ) +1
2 π
8

5. Find Z-Transform of f ( k )=k 2 α k−1 ; k ≥ 0.

Solution:
Since ZT { α k−1 }

{ }
k
α
¿ ZT
α
¿
ZT k
α
{α } {since ZT (a ; k ≥ 0)= z −az }
k

ZT { α }=
k−1 1 z
{ }
α z−α
∴ ZT { k α k −1 } =−z
d 1 z
dz α z−α { }
¿−
α {
z ( z −α ) 1−z ( 1−0 )
( z−α )2 }
¿−
α {
z ( z −α ) 1−z ( 1−0 )
( z−α )2 }
¿−
{
z z −α −z
α ( z−α )2 }
¿−
z −α
{
α ( z −α )2 }
z
∴ ZT { k α } =
k −1

( z−α )2
d z
∴ ZT { k 2 α k−1 } =−z
dz ( z−α )2

¿−z
{
( z−α )2 1−z × 2 ( z −α )
( z−α )3 }
¿−z
{
−z−α
( z−α )3 }
{ 2 k−1
∴ ZT k α = }
{
z 2−zα
3
;∨z∨¿|α|
( z−α ) }
1 1
6. Find ZT { f ( k )∗g(k) } if f ( k )= k
∧g ( k ) = k for k ≥0
5 7
Solution:
ZT { f ( k )∗g( k) }=ZT { f ( k ) } × ZT { g (k ) }

{ } { }
1
¿ ZT k × ZT k
5
1
7

{ } { }
1
¿ ZT k × ZT k
5
1
7

{( ) } {( ) }
k k
1 1
¿ ZT × ZT
5 7
k =∞
Since ZT [ f ( k ) ] = ∑ z f ( k )
−k

k=−∞

ZT [ a ; k ≥ 0 ]
k

k=∞
¿ ∑ z −k a k
k=0

()
k=∞ k
a
¿∑
k=0 z

¿ 1+ ( )( ) ( )
a
z
+
a 2 a 3
z
+
z
+ …+… ∞

¿
1 a
; <1||
1− ()
a
z
z

z
¿ ;|a|<| z|
z −a
z
ZT [ a ; k ≥ 0 ] =
k
;|z|>|a|
z−a

Therefore,
ZT { f ( k )∗g( k) }=
z−
z
1
;|z|>|15|+ z−z 1 ;|z|>|17|
5 7
¿
z−
1
z
+
z−
z
1
;|z|>
1
5 ||
5 7

{( ) ( )}
1
z z− + z−
1

||
7 5 1
¿ ;|z|>
z−( )( )
1
5
z−
1
7
5

{
z 2 z−
12
}
¿
35
;|z|>
1
||
( 2 12
z − z+
35
1
35 ) 5

7. Find z [ f ( k )∗9 ( k ) ] if f ( k )=4k ∙ u ( k ) and g ( k ) =5k .u ( k )

Solution:
ZT { f ( k )∗g( k) }=ZT { f ( k ) } × ZT { g (k ) }
¿ ZT { 4 k ∙u ( k ) }× ZT {5k ∙u ( k ) }
¿ ZT { 4 ∙u ( k ) }× ZT {5 ∙u ( k ) }
k k

k =∞
Since ZT [ f ( k ) ] = ∑ z f ( k )
−k

k=−∞

ZT [ a ; k ≥ 0 ]
k

k=∞
¿ ∑ z −k a k
k=0

()
k=∞ k
a
¿∑
k=0 z

¿ 1+
a
z ( )( ) ( )
+
a 2 a 3
z
+
z
+ …+… ∞

¿
1 a
; <1 ||
1−
a
z () z

z
¿ ;|a|<| z|
z −a
z
ZT [ ak ; k ≥ 0 ] = ;|z|>|a|
z−a

z z
Therefore, ZT { f ( k )∗g(k) }= ;|z|>|4|+ ;|z|>|5|
z −4 z−5
z z
¿ + ;|z|>|5|
z −4 z−5
z { ( z−5 )+ ( z −4 ) }
¿ ;|z|>|5|
( z−4 ) ( z−5 )
z {2 z−9 }
¿ 2 ;|z|>|5|
( z −9 z+ 20 )

8. Find Z-Transform and region of convergence of

{
k
f ( k )= 5k ,k < 0
3 , k ≥0
Solution:
k =∞
Since ZT [ f ( k ) ] = ∑ z f ( k )
−k

k=−∞
k=−∞ k=∞
¿ ∑ z−k 5 k + ∑ z−k 3k
k=−1 k=0

( ) +∑ ( )
k=−∞ −k k=∞ k
z 3
¿ ∑ 5 z
k=−1 k=0

¿ {( ) + ( ) + ( ) +…+ … ∞ }+ {1+ ( )+ ( ) +( ) +…+ … ∞ }

2 3 2 3
z z z 3 3 3
5 5 5 z z z

5 [ ] 1−1( a ) ;|az|< 1
¿ ( ) 1+ ( ) +( ) + ( ) +…+… ∞ +
2 3
z z z z
5 5 5
z
 ¿
z 1
|5z|<1+ z−3z ;|a|<|z|
;
5
1− ( 5z )
z z
¿− ;|z|<|5|+ ;|z|>|3|
z−5 z−3
z z
¿− + ;|3|<|z|<|5|
z−5 z−3
¿z
{
−( z−3 ) + ( z−5 )
( z−5 )( z−3 ) }
;|3|<|z|<|5|

¿ 2
{ −2 z
z −8 z +15 }
;|3|<|z|<|5|

9. Using Simplex Method

Maximize Z=6 x 1+5 x 2

Subject to x 1+ x2 <5
3 x 1+2 x 2< 12

10. Solve the following LPP by Simplex method.

Maximize, Z =3 x 1+2 x 2+ 5 x 3
Subject to, x 1+ 2 x 2 + x 3 ≤ 430
3 x 1+2 x 3 ≤ 460
x 1+ 4 x 2 ≤ 420
x 1 , x 2 , x 3 ≥ 0.
11. Use Duality to solve the following LPP:
Max z=2 x 1+ x 2
Subject to2 x1 −x2 ≤ 2
x 1+ x2 ≤ 4
x1 ≤ 3
x1, x2≥ 0

12. Obtain the dual of following LPP.

Minimize, Z = x 1−3 x 2−2 x 3

Subject to, 3 x 1−x 2+2 x 3 ≤ 7
2 x1 −4 x 2 ≥ 12
−4 x1 +3 x 2+ 8 x3 =10
x 1 , x 2 ≥ 0 , x3 is unrestricted.
13. Use Penalty method to solve the following L.P.P.

Minimize z=2 x 1+3 x 2

Subject to x 1+ x2 ≥5
x 1+ 2 x 2 ≥ 6
x 1 , x 2 ≥ 0.
14. Solve the following LPP by Penalty method.
Minimize, Z =2 x1 +3 x 2
Subject to, x 1+ x2 ≥5
x 1+ 2 x 2 ≥ 6
 x 1 , x 2 ≥ 0.
15. Solve the following LPP using the Dual Simplex method
Maximize z=−3 x 1−2 x 2
Subject to x 1+ x2 ≥1
x 1+ x2 ≤7
x 1+ 2 x 2 ≥ 10
x2 ≤ 3
x1, x2≥ 0

16. Solve the following LPP by Dual Simplex Method.

Minimize, Z =6 x 1+ x2
Subject to, 2 x1 + x 2 ≥ 3
x 1−x 2 ≥ 0
x 1 , x 2 ≥ 0.
17. Solve the following NLPP.

Optimize z=12 x 1+8 x 2 +6 x 3−x 12−x 22− x32−23

Subject to, x 1+ x2 + x 3=10 ; x 1 , x 2 , x 3 ≥ 0.
Solution:
Let z=12 x 1+8 x 2 +6 x 3−x 12−x 22− x32−23 and h=x 1+ x 2 + x 3−10
Let Lagrange's method of multipliers is
2 2 2
L=z− λh=12 x1 +8 x 2 +6 x 3−x 1 −x 2 − x3 −23−λ ( x 1 + x 2+ x 3 −10 )
Step-1: To find partial differentiation with respect x 1 , x 2 , x 3 , λ and equate to zero.
∂L
=12−2 x 1−λ=0 … … ( 1 )
∂ x1
∂L
=8−2 x 2− λ=0 … … (2 )
∂ x2
∂L
=6−2 x3 −λ=0 … … ( 3 )
∂ x3
∂L
=− ( x1 + x 2 + x 3−10 ) =0 … … ( 4 )
∂λ

Step: -2 Solve above equations and find values of x 1 , x 2 , x 3 , λ

12−λ
From ( 1 ) ⇒ x1 =
2
8−λ
From ( 2 ) ⇒ x 2=
2
6− λ
From ( 3 ) ⇒ x 3=
2
12−λ 8− λ 6−λ
Put values of x 1 , x 2 , x 3 ∈( 4 ) ⇒ + + =10
2 2 2
⇒ 12− λ+8−λ+6−λ=20
⇒26−3 λ=20
⇒26−20=3 λ
⇒ λ=2
12− λ 12−2
∴ x1= = =5
2 2
 8− λ 8−2
x 2= = =3
2 2
6− λ 6−2
x 3= = =2
2 2

18. Using Lagrange's method of multipliers solve the NLPP, Optimize

2 2
z=4 x 1+ 8 x 2−x 1−x 2subjected to x 1+ x2=4 , x 1 , x 2 ≥ 0 .

19. Using method of Lagrange’s multipliers, solve the following NLPP

Maximize z=6 x 1 +8 x 2−x 21−x 22

Subject to 4 x1 +3 x 2=16
3 x 1+5 x 2=15

x1, x2≥ 0

20. Solve the following NLPP.

Optimize z=4 x 1+ 9 x 2−x 12−x 22

Subject to, 4 x1 +3 x 2=15
3 x 1+5 x 2=14
x 1 , x 2 ≥ 0.
21. Use the Kuhn-Tucker conditions to solve the following N.L.P.P.

Maximize z=2 x 21−7 x 22+12 x 1 x 2

Subject to 2 x1 +5 x 2 ≤ 98
x1 , x2 ≥ 0 .
22. Solve the following NLPP using Kuhn-Tucker method.
2 2
Maximize z=10 x 1+ 4 x 2−2 x 1 −x2
Subject to, 2 x1 + x 2 ≤ 5
x 1 , x 2 ≥ 0.
23. Solve the following NLPP using Kuhn-Tucker method.
Maximize z=2 x 12 −7 x22−16 x 1 +2 x 2 +12 x1 x 2+7
Subject to, 2 x1 +5 x 2 ≤ 105.
x 1 , x 2 ≥ 0.