Conditional Statements

Outline

1. Conditional Statements

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 Conditional Statements
❑A conditional statement allows us to choose which
statement will be executed. So, it is sometimes called as
selection statement.
❑ Conditional statement gives us the power to make decision.
❑ Java has the following conditional statements:
❖ If
❖ if-else
❖ nested-if
❖ if-else-if
❖ switch-case
❖ jump – break, continue, return
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if Statement
❑ if statement is the most simple decision making statement.

❑ It is used to decide whether a certain statement or block of

❑ Syntax:
if(condition)
{
Statement 1;
Statement 2;
}
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if Statement (Cont…)
❑ if is a Java reserved word.
❑ The condition must be a Boolean expression. It must
evaluate to either true or false.
❑ If we do not give the curly braces ‘{’ and ‘}’ after
if(condition), then, by default if statement considers the
immediate statement inside its block. Example:

if(condition)
statement 1; //Statement 1 will be executed
statement 2;
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if Statement (Cont…)

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if Statement (Cont…)

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if Statement (Cont…)

❑ Output
20 is greater than 18

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if Statement (Cont…)

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if Statement (Cont…)

❑ Output
x is greater than y

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else Statement
❑ Use the else statement to specify a block of code to be executed,
if the condition is false.
❑ Syntax:
if(condition)
{
Statement 1; // block of code to be executed, if the condition is true
}
else
{
Statement 2; // block of code to be executed, if the condition is false
}
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else Statement (Cont…)

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else Statement (Cont…)

❑ Output
Good evening.

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else-if Statement
❑ Use the else if statement to specify a new condition if the
first condition is false.
❑ Syntax:
if(condition1)
{
Statement 1; // block of code to be executed, if the condition1 is true
}
else if (condition 2)
{
Statement 2; // block of code to be executed, if the condition1 is false and condition2is true
}
else
{
Statement 3; // block of code to be executed, if the condition1 is false and condition2 isfalse
}
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else-if Statement (Cont…)

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else-if Statement (Cont…)

❑ Output
Good evening.

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Switch Statement
❑ The switch statement is a multi-way branch statement.
❑ It provides an easy way to dispatch execution to different
parts of code based on the value of the expression.
❑ The switch expression is evaluated once.
❑ The value of the expression is compared with the values of
each case.
❑ If there is a match, the associated block of code is executed.
❑ The break and default keywords are optional.

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Switch Statement (Cont…)
❑ Syntax:
switch(expression)
{
case x:
Statement 1; // code block
break;
case y:
Statement 2; // code block
break;
default:
Statement 3; // code block
}

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Switch Statement (Cont…)

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Switch Statement (Cont…)
❑ Break Keyword
❖ When Java reaches a break keyword, it breaks out of the switch
block.

❖ This will stop the execution of more code and case testing inside the
block.

❖ When a match is found, and the job is done, it's time for a break.

❖ There is no need for more testing.

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Switch Statement (Cont…)

❑ Default Keyword

❖ The default keyword specifies some code to run, if there is no case

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Switch Statement (Cont…)
❑ Some important rule:
❖Duplicate case values are not allowed.
❖The value for a case must be of the same data type as the variable in the
switch.
❖The value for a case must be a constant or a literal. Variables are not
allowed.
❖The break statement is used inside the switch to terminate a statement
sequence.
❖The break statement is optional. If omitted, execution will continue on
into the next case.
❖The default statement is optional and can appear anywhere inside the
switch block. In case, if it is not at the end, then, a break statement must
be kept after the default statement to omit the execution of the next case
statement.
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Switch Statement (Cont…)
public class MyClass {
public static void main(String[] args)
{
int day = 4;
switch (day)
{
case 1:
System.out.println("Monday");
break;
case 2:
System.out.println("Wednesday");
break;
case 3:
System.out.println("Thursday");
break;
case 4:
System.out.println("Friday");
break;
case 5:
System.out.println("Saturday");
break;
case 6:
System.out.println("Sunday");
break;
} 23
}}
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Switch Statement (Cont…)
❑ Output
Friday

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Switch Statement (Cont…)

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Switch Statement (Cont…)
❑ Output
Looking forward to the Weekend

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