Project Report Group 4
Project Report Group 4
Environment
GROUP PROJECT
COURSE NAME
MECHANICAL & ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
STUDENT NAME 1. MUHAMMAD FARIS HAZWAN BIN MOHD
ROSDI (DF200162)
SECTION 1
MARKS
Table of Contents
1.0 INTRODUCTION 1
4.0 CONCLUSION 19
5.0 REFERENCE 20
6.0 APPENDICES 21
1.0 INTRODUCTION
In Malaysia, mechanical and engineering (M&E) services are still relatively young.
Here, M&E management is also more frequently referred to as Building Services. But these
expressions have various connotations. Most of you might start to wonder what mechanical
and engineering (M&E) is all about because of this. Mechanical and Engineering (M&E), to
put it simply, is the term used to describe the mechanical and electrical systems that a facility
management business installs and manages when it comes to facilities management. (Taion,
2020)
The terms "M&E" and "M&E engineer" are frequently used interchangeably with
"building services" and "building services engineer." A degree in mechanical, electrical, or
M&E engineering is frequently awarded to mechanical and engineering (M&E) engineers.
While the Building Services Engineers Chartered Institution is the place where building
service engineers can obtain the status of Chartered Engineer. The systems that are installed in
buildings to ensure their comfort, functionality, efficiency, and safety include lighting,
drainage, and water supply. However, mechanical, and electrical engineering can encompass a
wider range of industries than just architecture and design, including large-scale power
production and transmission, transportation systems, heating and ventilation, industrial
installations, and so on.
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In this study, we are focusing on single storey house for its mechanical and electrical
components. The house will be determined its electrical components like the lighting system
and fans. For its mechanical system, air conditioning and air ventilation systems will be
determined. This will go through a calculation stage where a lot of parameter will be include
to ensure accurate data is obtained.
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Figure 2.2: Front Elevation of the building
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3.0 SELECTED MECHANICAL AND ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
Ventilation is essential for providing clean air for breathing. Despite being the most
popular ventilation technique, natural ventilation is not regarded as the greatest option
nowadays because of how well-insulated and energy-efficient modern homes are.
Additionally, it is incapable of controlling moisture. Mechanical ventilation systems employ
ducts and fans to move fresh air throughout a house instead of relying on airflow through tiny
cracks or holes in the roof, walls, or windows. These systems make use of fans that are either
directly mounted in windows, walls, or air ducts. The fans circulate clean air into the space
while exhausting contaminated air outside.
There are four types of mechanical ventilation, which can be employed in different situations:
Cold regions might use the exhaust ventilation system. If we utilise this system in the
hot, humid summer, the lower pressure may drive the moisture into the cavities of the
structure and the walls, where it may result in condensation that results in moisture
damage.
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combustion gases from fireplaces and other sources from being drawn back into the
room. They also enable the dehumidification and dust-filtering of the air that enters
the residence.
Supply ventilation systems, like exhaust ventilation systems, do not reduce or get rid
of moisture before it enters the house. As a result, they could cost more to heat and
cool than energy recovery ventilation systems. Due to the separate locations where air
enters the home, it could be required to combine internal and exterior air before
delivery in order to stop the draw of cold air during the winter. The inline duct heater
is another choice that has to be considered, although it can result in higher running
expenses.
c) Balanced ventilation
When a ventilation system is properly constructed, the interior air is neither
depressurized by exhaust ventilation nor pressurised by supply ventilation. Even the
ventilation system distributes filthy inside air and pure exterior air in almost equal
amounts. To function well, this system frequently makes use of two duct systems and
two fans. The balanced ventilation system enables the proper distribution of clean air
if supply and exhaust vents are positioned appropriately.
The bedrooms and living rooms, where people spend the majority of their time, are
intended to receive fresh air from a standard balanced air conditioning system. It also
removes air from the laundry room, bathroom, and other areas where the majority of
moisture and pollutants are produced.
The balanced ventilation system does not temper or eliminate moisture before it enters
the room, unlike supply and exhaust ventilation systems, which are two popular
mechanical ventilation kinds. Before entering the home, they utilise filters to remove
dust from the outside air. All climates allow for the installation of balanced ventilation
systems. But since they utilise two fans and duct systems, they are more costly.
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and transfers heat from the heated exhaust air to the cold supply air. By doing this, the
price of heating ventilated air is dramatically reduced.
Due to the intricacy of its components and installation, this system is typically more
expensive than other methods of ventilation. To reduce costs, some energy recovery
systems utilise shared existing ducting. Additionally, it requires more maintenance
and uses more electricity.
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Figure 3.1.2 Bathroom in Master Bedroom
The exhaust fan works by removing unwanted odours, moisture, smoke and other
pollutants in the air. When steam and moisture are in the air, it can cause mold to grow. It is
also for removing stale, damp or dirty air. While in the kitchen, an exhaust fan is used to get
rid of the fumes resulting from the stove fire.
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3.1.2 Calculation of Volume Flowrate for Kitchen
Minimum 5 ACH
= 19.44 m3
= 0.027 m3/s
Minimum 6 ACH
= 7.29 m3
= 0.0122 m3/s
= 8.3025 m3
= 0.0138 m3/s
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3.1.4 Product Specification
Ventilating Fan
Figure
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3.2 Air-Conditioning System
Willis Haviland Carrier invented the life-saving cooling device. After graduating from
Cornell University in 1901 at the age of 25, he created the first air conditioner. When he was
hired to address a temperature issue at a Williamsburg printing business, his engineering
degree was immediately use. Even though Carrier is credited with being the inventor of the
modern air conditioning system, he expanded on the ideas of mechanical refrigeration that
had already been developed. The first air conditioner was created by Carrier, who was known
for being an experimental engineer.
For the printing company Sackett & Wilhelms Lithographing and Publishing
Company in Williamsburg, Brooklyn, Carrier created the first air conditioning system, as was
already mentioned. The Buffalo Forge Company was where he was employed at the time.
Brooklyn experienced very humid weather, which caused the printing company to have
significant problems meeting the paper's subscription deadlines. Because the magazine's
printing paper would collect so much moisture from the humid air that it would expand and
smear the colourful ink on the page. The ink was unable to dry due to Brooklyn's high
humidity. As a result, Brooklyn, New York, became the origin of the first air conditioner in
history.
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3.2.2 Benefits of Air-conditioning system
In this project, the interior spaces that need to be install air-conditioning system are
Master Bedroom, Bedroom 2 and Bedroom 3. All of the location are the most optimal point
where people wanted to rest and having a good sleep. Bedroom also will be the location
where people use more to seek comfortable places to rest rather than the living room or the
kitchen. The type of the air-conditioning system that will be install is split air-conditioning. A
split air conditioner is an instantaneous enlargement aircon system that includes an
evaporator and a condenser this is mounted indoors and outside respectively and separately.
The evaporator and the condenser are linked through thermally insulated copper pipes full of
refrigerant to switch the warmth from indoors to outside.
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The split air conditioner makes use of the evaporator to soak up the warmth in a room,
switch the warmth through the refrigerant to the condenser and the condenser release the
warmth to the surrounding. Through this process, the split air conditioner presents cooling to
the room. Inside the split air conditioner's condenser is a compressor. Before the refrigerant
enters the condenser coil, the compressor compresses the gas refrigerant, boosting its pressure
and temperature. The condenser fan pulls in ambient air and passes it through the condenser
coil, converting the refrigerant from gas to liquid. The liquid refrigerant flows to the
evaporator and is transformed from liquid to gas via an expansion valve placed inside the
evaporator. Before the refrigerant hits the evaporator coil, its pressure and temperature drop
rapidly due to expansion. The evaporator's fan sucks in air and circulates it through the
evaporator coil, therefore cooling the space.
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Table 3.2.1 Recommended cooling capacity
Horsepower BTU/hr
(HP)
1.0 8000 – 9000
1.5 11000 – 12000
2.0 17000 – 18000
2.5 20000 – 21000
3.0 23000 – 24000
4.0 34000 – 35000
5.0 42000 – 43000
6.0 47000 – 48000
8.0 68000 – 69000
10.0 81000 - 82000
Table 3.2.2 Horsepower equivalent to BTU/hr
i. Master Bedroom:
Size = (16.97𝑓𝑡 × 10.33𝑓𝑡) − (6.64𝑓𝑡 × 3.93𝑓𝑡) = 149.2𝑓𝑡 2
Sun exposure = Very Sunny
Number of people inside regularly = 600 × 2 = 1200 BTU/hr
Check Table 2.2.1 = 149.2𝑓𝑡 2 = 5000 BTU/hr
Adjustment:
If sun exposure very sunny add 10% = 5000 × 110% = 5500 BTU/hr
Total BTU/hr = 5500 + 1200 = 6700 BTU/hr
Check Table 2.2.2 = 6700 BTU/hr equivalent to 1.0 hp
ii. Bedroom 2:
Size = (10.66𝑓𝑡 × 10.33𝑓𝑡) = 110.1𝑓𝑡
Sun exposure = Very Sunny
Number of people inside regularly = 600 × 1 = 600 BTU/hr
Check Table 2.2.1 = 110.1𝑓𝑡 2 = 5000 BTU/hr
Adjustment:
If sun exposure very sunny add 10% = 5000 × 110% = 5500 BTU/hr
Total BTU/hr = 5500 + 600 = 6100 BTU/hr
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Check Table 2.2.2 = 6100 BTU/hr equivalent to 1.0 hp
iii. Bedroom 3:
Size = (7.96𝑓𝑡 × 10.33𝑓𝑡) = 82.23𝑓𝑡²
Sun exposure = Very Sunny
Number of people inside regularly = 600 × 1 = 600 BTU/hr
Check Table 2.2.1 = 82.23𝑓𝑡 2 = 5000 BTU/hr
Adjustment:
If sun exposure very sunny add 10% = 5000 × 110% = 5500 BTU/hr
Total BTU/hr = 5500 + 600 = 6100 BTU/hr
Check Table 2.2.2 = 6100 BTU/hr equivalent to 1.0 hp
Air condition
Figure
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3.3 Electrical Distribution System
The first use of electric supply were established in 1882 by Thomas Edison,
Thereafter there have been constant effort throughout the world to set-up power stations for
more than one purposes. Power is generated by storing water energy, which causes a turbine
to operate and generate electricity. The other approach uses fuels (coal, diesel, or gas) to
power boilers and create electricity via generators. Before it is transmitted to transmission
lines or cable, transformers step up several thousand or even hundreds of thousands of volts.
When electricity is transmitted at high voltages, less power is lost in the cables. Voltage is
stepped down to 240 volts at the receiving end by transformers in local substations.
Domestic electricity supply usually effected through distribution system and describe
as single and three phases. Normally small buildings are supplied with electricity by two
wires, one phase wire and the other neutral. This is known as single phase supply and gives a
voltage for the premises of 240 volts. The loading of the supply wiring is balanced between
the phases by using the phases in rotation so that each one services every third building.
Three phases, four wires deliver 420/240 volts at 50 cycles per second. The voltmeter. The
voltage across any two phases wires is 415 volts. And there is 240 volts between any phase
wire and the neutral. The load is then balanced by serving different portions of the building in
separate phases.
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3.3.1 Location of Electrical Equipment
The placement of the equipment put in the floor plan is shown in Figure 2.3.1. The
location is picked based on how well it fits the needs of the house that will be constructed. It
is determined by the room's dimensions and functionality. Meter boxes, distribution boxes,
sockets, and specific electrical appliances are some of the components that have been
installed. The details of the component will be shown in product specification.
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Product Specification
Model and
Figure
Philips LED
KDK Model K14YZ-PBR
Power : 21 W – 69 W Power : 12 W
Speed : 95 RPM – 183 RPM Dimension : 175 mm x 45 mm
Air Delivery : 215 m3/min
Specification
Noise Level : 51 dB
Motor Type : AC
Dimension : 140 cm
Price RM 419.00 RM 24.00
Socket 10A Socket 15A
Model and
Figure
Selamat Model MQ 8132 Selamat Model MQ 8151
2 gang double socket outlet 250V switched socket outlet 250V
Specification
Dimension : 174 mm x 87 mm x 17 mm Dimension : 87 mm x 87 mm x 17 mm
Price RM 17.50 RM 11.50
Switch Switch 20A
Model and
Figure
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A single-phase electrical system applied in this scheme can be seen in Figure 2.3.2. A
system in which all supply voltages vary simultaneously is known as single phase electric
power and delivers alternating current electricity. The maximum supply typically offered in
single phase varies in accordance with the requirements of the electrical utility.
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4.0 CONCLUSION
In conclusion, we have developed a conducive and a very optimum M&E system for
this building. The building is installed with 3 air conditioning in each room, air vent in the
kitchen, lighting in every house section with ceiling fans a so on. The distribution board can
withstand almost 63 amperes of electrical load. The electrical system is designed based on
single phase since this system is easier and simpler for this small building.
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REFERENCES
Team, L. (2022, June 7). Mechanical Ventilation System, Types, Advantages and Disadvantages |
Linquip. Industrial Manufacturing Blog | Linquip. https://www.linquip.com/blog/mechanical-
ventilation-system/?amp=1
C. (2022, March 4). Who Invented the Air Conditioner? | The History of Air Conditioning. Best of
Air Cooler. https://bestofaircooler.com/who-invented-the-air-conditioner/
FAQ. (n.d.). Bee Seng Airconditioning & Engineering Sdn Bhd. http://beesengaircon.com/faq.html
Zhen, Y. C. (2021, August 17). What is Split Air Conditioner? Differences & Advantages.
Aircondlounge. https://aircondlounge.com/what-is-split-air-conditioner/
Conditioning, B. H. A. (2019, January 21). Top 10 Benefits of Air Conditioning | Brennan Heating
and Air Conditioning. Brennan Heating & Air Conditioning. https://brennanheating.com/top-
10-benefits-air
conditioning/#:%7E:text=Top%2010%20Benefits%20of%20Air%20Conditioning%201%20
Reduced,the%20room%20keeping%20these%20places%20cool%20and%20quiet
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APPENDICES
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Appendix A
MINUTES OF MEETING
Meeting No.: 1 Date: 28/4/2022 Time: 9.00 pm – 12 am
Meeting Agenda
1. All
ii. Briefly explain the main agenda of the meeting
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Shortly briefing about the task
Discussing methodology
Dividing task
Part 1
Part 2
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Other issues
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MINUTES OF MEETING
Meeting Agenda
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i. Faris as the group leader do the evaluation time on
the progress of each member based on criteria given
in the project instruction.
1) Task
- To ensure all group member has already
start doing their task accordingly.
Other issues
Prepared by Verified by
MUHAMMAD FAZRULAMIN BIN MUHAMMAD FARIS HAZWAN BIN
KHAIRUDIN MOHD ROSDI
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