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Introduction To Numerical Method

This document provides an introduction to the numerical methods course Computing II (Numerical Methods). It discusses the following key points in 3 paragraphs: 1) The course aims to teach students how to formulate mathematical models based on scientific principles to simulate physical systems. It will also cover numerical methods which allow generalized solutions to be implemented on computers. Students will learn about different conservation laws and the distinction between steady-state and dynamic solutions. 2) Mathematical models relate dependent and independent variables through functional relationships that describe a physical system. Parameters represent system properties and forcing functions are external influences. Simple and complex examples of mathematical models using Newton's Second Law are provided. 3) Analytical solutions use calculus to obtain exact

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Tirah Krol
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© © All Rights Reserved
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113 views

Introduction To Numerical Method

This document provides an introduction to the numerical methods course Computing II (Numerical Methods). It discusses the following key points in 3 paragraphs: 1) The course aims to teach students how to formulate mathematical models based on scientific principles to simulate physical systems. It will also cover numerical methods which allow generalized solutions to be implemented on computers. Students will learn about different conservation laws and the distinction between steady-state and dynamic solutions. 2) Mathematical models relate dependent and independent variables through functional relationships that describe a physical system. Parameters represent system properties and forcing functions are external influences. Simple and complex examples of mathematical models using Newton's Second Law are provided. 3) Analytical solutions use calculus to obtain exact

Uploaded by

Tirah Krol
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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COMPUTING II (NUMERICAL METHODS)

EFC 3213

Introduction
Lesson Outcomes
• To learn how mathematical models can be formulated on the
basis of scientific principles to simulate the behavior of a
simple physical system.
• To understand how numerical methods afford a means to
generalize solutions in a manner that can be implemented on
a digital computer.
• To understand the different types of conservation laws that lie
beneath the models used in the various engineering
disciplines and appreciating the difference between steady-
state and dynamic solutions of these models.
• To Learn about the different types of numerical methods we
will cover in this book.
Introduction
• Consider the following equations.
Numerical Methods - Definitions
Numerical Methods
Analytical vs. Numerical methods
Analytical vs. Numerical methods
Mathematician and Engineer
Reasons to study numerical Analysis
• Powerful problem solving techniques and can be
used to handle large systems of equations
• It enables you to intelligently use the commercial
software packages as well as designing your own
algorithm.
• Numerical Methods are efficient vehicles in learning
to use computers
• It Reinforce your understanding of mathematics;
where it reduces higher mathematics to basic
arithmetic operation.
Course
Contents
Chapter 1: Mathematical Modeling

Mathematical Model
• A formulation or equation that expresses the essential
features of a physical system or process in mathematical
terms.
• Generally, it can be represented as a functional
relationship of the form
Mathematical Modeling

Dependent variable - a characteristic that usually reflects the behavior or


state of the system

Independent variables - dimensions, such as time and space, along which the
system’s behavior is being determined

Parameters - constants reflective of the system’s properties or composition

Forcing functions - external influences acting upon the system


Simple Mathematical Model
Example: Newton’s Second Law
(The time rate of change of momentum of a body is
equal to the resultant force acting on it)

 a = acceleration (m/s2) ….the dependent variable


 m = mass of the object (kg) ….the parameter
representing a property of the system.
 f = force acting on the body (N)
Typical characteristics of Math. model
• It describes a natural process or system in
mathematical way
• It represents the idealization and simplification
of reality.
• It yields reproducible results, and can be used
for predictive purpose.
Complex Mathematical Model
Example: Newton’s Second Law
Assuming a bungee jumper is in mid-flight, an
analytical model for the jumper’s velocity,
accounting for drag, is

Dependent variable - velocity v


Independent variables - time t
Parameters - mass m, drag coefficient, cd
Forcing function - gravitational acceleration, g

Where:
c = drag coefficient (kg/s),
v = falling velocity (m/s)
Derivation of Mathematical Model
Derivation of Mathematical Model

At rest: (v = 0 at t = 0),
Calculus can be used to solve the equation
ANALYTICAL SOLUTION to Newton's Second Law

.
Analytical Solution (Calculus Approach)
Analytical Solution (Calculus Approach)
Analytical Solution (Calculus Approach)
Analytical Solution (Calculus Approach)
Analytical Solution (Calculus Approach)
Analytical Solution (Calculus Approach)
Analytical Solution (Calculus Approach)
Analytical Solution (Calculus Approach)
Analytical solution to Newton's Second Law

.
Analytical solution to Newton's Second Law
NUMERICAL SOLUTION to Newton's Second Law
 Numerical solution: approximates the exact solution
by arithmetic operations.

 Suppose


Numerical Solution to Newton's Second Law
Comparison between Analytical vs. Numerical Solution
Comparison between Analytical vs. Numerical Solution
Comparison between Analytical vs. Numerical Solution
Conservation Laws and Engineering
• Conservation laws are the most important and
fundamental laws that are used in engineering.
Change = increases – decreases (1)
• Change implies changes with time (transient).
If the change is nonexistent (steady-state), Eq. 1
becomes
Increases =Decreases
Chapter 1 37
Example 1
Example 1
Example 1
Example 2
Example 2
Example 3
Example 4
Example 4

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