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    Neisseria Spp.

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    sajad abas
    This document discusses the bacteria Neisseria spp., specifically N. meningitidis and N. gonorrhoeae. It describes their characteristics such as being gram-negative diplococci and producing oxidase. It covers their pathogenicity, virulence factors like capsules and pili, diseases caused like meningitis and gonorrhea, and methods for laboratory diagnosis including culture and identification of antigens.

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    Neisseria Spp.

    Uploaded by

    sajad abas
    47 views22 pages
    This document discusses the bacteria Neisseria spp., specifically N. meningitidis and N. gonorrhoeae. It describes their characteristics such as being gram-negative diplococci and producing oxidase. It covers their pathogenicity, virulence factors like capsules and pili, diseases caused like meningitis and gonorrhea, and methods for laboratory diagnosis including culture and identification of antigens.

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    Neisseria spp.

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    This document discusses the bacteria Neisseria spp., specifically N. meningitidis and N. gonorrhoeae. It describes their characteristics such as being gram-negative diplococci and producing oxidase. It covers their pathogenicity, virulence factors like capsules and pili, diseases caused like meningitis and gonorrhea, and methods for laboratory diagnosis including culture and identification of antigens.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    47 views22 pages

    Neisseria Spp.

    Uploaded by

    sajad abas
    This document discusses the bacteria Neisseria spp., specifically N. meningitidis and N. gonorrhoeae. It describes their characteristics such as being gram-negative diplococci and producing oxidase. It covers their pathogenicity, virulence factors like capsules and pili, diseases caused like meningitis and gonorrhea, and methods for laboratory diagnosis including culture and identification of antigens.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 22

    Neisseria spp.

    Neisseria spp.

     Gram-negative diplococci.
     Aerobic.
     Produce oxidase that differentiate them from
    streptococci.
     Most are catalase-positive.
     Non- sporing ,non-motile.
     Ferment sugars producing acid but not gas.
     susceptible to temperature changes (above or below 37c),
    drying, U.V light.
    Medically important Neisseria :

     1. Neisseria gonorrhoeae (gonococci)


     2. Neisseria meningitidis ( meningococci).
    -both of them are strict human pathogen
    Neisseria Meningitidis
    General characteristics:
     Oval Gram-negative diplococci bean-shaped.
     Capsulated and possess pili and non- motile.
     Strict parasites, do not survive long outside of the host
     Typically seen in large numbers inside polymorph nuclear
    leukocyte or extracellular.
     Aerobic.
     Produce catalase and oxidase.
     Pathogenic species require enriched complex media and CO2.
     Do not possess flagella or spores.
     Capsulated and possess pili.
    Cultural characters

     Can grow in blood agar, Heated blood agar(Chocolate


    agar) .
     Growth is also improved by incubation in the presence of
    5% CO2.
     Growth temperature is 36-39⁰C.
     Colonies are 1-2 mm in diameter, convex, grey and
    transparent after 48 h colonies are larger with an opaque
    center.
     No hemolysis in blood agar.
    Biochemical reactions

    • Produce oxidase.
    • Ferment maltose and glucose.
    Virulence factors

     Polysaccharide capsule. The most common (A, B, C, Y, and W135).


     pili.
     IgA protease that cleaves the IgA antibodies present in respiratory mucosa.
    Pathogenesis

     Humans are the only natural hosts.


     Colonize the nasopharynx and become transient flora of
    the upper respiratory tract.
     From the nasopharynx, the organism spread to meninges
    via bloodstream and grow in the cerebrospinal fluid.
    Diseases
     Meningitis
     Meningococcemia
    Laboratory diagnosis

     The laboratory diagnosis of N. meningitidis infections is


    made by recovering the organism in cultures of spinal
    fluid, blood.
     Several methods for laboratory diagnosis such Latex
    agglutination test (identify capsular antigens )in CSF.
    Neisseria Gonorrhoeae

     General characteristics:
     Kidney bean-shaped.
     Gram negative diplococci ( Intacellular polymorph
    nuclear from urethral smear from symptomatic is
    suggested N. Gonorrhoeae
    • Occurs in pair
     Non motile
     non capsule and have pilli
    Gram staining (The extra cellular and
    intracellular gram-negative diplococci)
    Cultural characters

     Grow in enriched media (chocolate agar) and selective


    media Modified Thayer Martin (Chocolate agar +
    antibiotics) in presence 5% of CO2
     Growth temperature is 37 ⁰C

    Biochemical reactions
    • Produce oxidase
    • No ferment maltose only glucose
    Colonies of Neisseria gonorrhoeae on
    chocolate (A) and blood agar plates (B)
    Virulence factors

     pili the most important virulence factor attachment to


    mucosal surfaces and inhibit phagocyte.
     • Lipooligosaccharide (LOS) (a modified form of
    endotoxin).
     • Outer membrane proteins(OMP) : cause attachment of
    bacteria to epithelial cells of the urethra, like pili.
     • IgA protease aids in colonization and degrades of
    antibody.
    Pathogenesis

     • Causes disease only in humans.


     • Transmitted sexually both in males and females and
    causes following diseases:
     1.Gonorrhea
     2.In male cause urethritis
     3.In infant cause Neonatal conjunctivitis
     4. In female cause endocervicitis-Pelvic inflammatory
    disease (PID)
    Laboratory diagnosis

     Specimens include blood, urethral discharge in men,


    cervical discharge in females.
     Different methods of laboratory diagnosis
     Gram staining (gram negative diplococci bean shaped).
     Culture (the organism is cultured on Thayar - Martin Agar
    or chocolate Agar
     Oxidase test(positive)
     Fermentation tests(do not ferment maltose
     Vaccine Meningococcal vaccine: available which contains
    the capsular polysaccharide of strains(A, C, Y, and W135).
    Neisseria gonorrhoeae: no vaccine

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