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VRFB and SSB

Solid state batteries have three main components - a lithium or lithium-alloy anode, a lithium metal oxide cathode, and a solid state electrolyte made of polyethylene oxide. During discharge, lithium ions move from the anode through the solid electrolyte to the cathode. Solid state batteries offer greater safety, energy density, and life compared to conventional lithium ion batteries. The main advantages are greater energy density, longer life, greater safety, and fast charging, but mass production is complex and the ideal electrolyte material is still being researched.

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Triveni M K
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101 views3 pages

VRFB and SSB

Solid state batteries have three main components - a lithium or lithium-alloy anode, a lithium metal oxide cathode, and a solid state electrolyte made of polyethylene oxide. During discharge, lithium ions move from the anode through the solid electrolyte to the cathode. Solid state batteries offer greater safety, energy density, and life compared to conventional lithium ion batteries. The main advantages are greater energy density, longer life, greater safety, and fast charging, but mass production is complex and the ideal electrolyte material is still being researched.

Uploaded by

Triveni M K
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Q4. What are solid state batteries(SSB)? Explain its construction and working.

Or Explain the construction and working of lithium polymer batteries.


Solid state batteries are going to be the next generation energy storage devices.
They exhibit superior safety, performance and energy densities than those of
conventional lithium ion batteries (LIBs) used today.

There are mainly three components in Li-polymer solid state battery are:

1. Anode: Metallic Li or a Li-In alloy.


2. Cathode: LiMO2 similar to LIB.
3. The solid state electrolyte (SSE): Poly(ethylene)oxide(PEO) acts both as a
separator and an electrolyte. It exhibits good Li-ion conductivity.

The working principle of SSB is similar to LIBs. During discharging, Li is


oxidised at anode and lithium ions move from the anode to the cathode, through
the SSE.

During discharging

At anode: Li Li+ + e-

Electrons flow from anode to cathode through external circuit. SSEsis good
conductor of Li ions and bad electronic conductor. Hence, it allows movement of
Li ions through it while also acting as a separator between the anode and the
cathode. SSE can also prevent leaking, and the formation of Li dendrites which
can result in short circuit.

At cathode, Li ions are reduced to Li atoms and are inserted into the layered
structure of metal oxide.
At cathode: Li+ + e- + MO2 LiMO2
Reactions are reversed during charging.
Advantages of solid state battery
Solid-state batteries promise advantage given below.
(a) Greater energy density,
(b) A longer life and
(c) The greater safety,
(d) All in a smaller size.
(e) Fast charging is possible.
Disadvantages of Solid-State Battery
1. The mass production and manufacturing of solid-state batteries are quite
complex.
2. Research regarding solid-state batteries is still in progress and the perfect
material for the electrolyte with an ideal ionic conductivity is yet to be found
3. Automobile industry employs solid-state batteries at a large scale to power
various electric vehicles.
Application of Solid-State Battery
1. Solid-state batteries are highly used in medical devices such as pacemakers,
defibrillators, etc.
2. A number of gardening tools and equipment such as a lawnmower, etc.,
make use of solid-state batteries.

Q5. What are redox flow batteries? Explain construction and working of
vanadium redox flow battery

A redox flow battery is a type of electrochemical cell in which the chemical energy
of a reversible redox couple reaction is converted into electrical energy.

The main components of the vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) are:
Anode: V2+ / V3+ redox couple dissolved in sulphuric acid electrolyte solution
circulated over carbon-based electrodes.
Cathode: V5+ / V4+ redox couple in the form of oxygenated species such as
dissolved in sulphuric acid electrolyte solution circulated over carbon-
based electrodes.
Separator: Perfluorinated sulfonic acid (Nafion) polymer ion exchange membrane.
Carbon-based electrodes are used in both anode and cathode compartments.
Working:
During discharge of the battery,
At anode: V2+ is oxidised to V3+ liberating an electrons.

Electrons liberated flow from anode to cathode comportment through an external circuit.

At cathode: V5+ in is reduced to V4+ ( ) accepting an electron in the presence


of hydrogen ions.

Hydrogen ions are diffused through the membrane and are exchanged between the two half-
cells to maintain charge neutrality.
Reactions are reversed during the charging.

Advantages of VRFB:
1. It can remain charged or discharged for an indefinite period without any damage.
2. It has long charge/ discharge cycle lives: 15000-20000 cycles with a lifespan of more than
20 years.
3. Electrolyte used is a safe, non-flammable aqueous electrolyte.

Applications:
1. As an energy storage device to store electric current for longer.
2. To store excess current produced from solar energy during summer daytime.

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