TEMKEMAIYUNG RURAL MUNICIPALITY

OFFICE OF THE RURAL MUNICIPAL EXECUTIVE

ANNAPURNA, BHOJPUR
PROVINCE-1, NEPAL

DETAILED PROJECT REPORT

OF
PREPARATION OF MASTER PLAN, DETAILED ENGINEERING SURVEY, SOIL
INVESTIGATION, DETAILED DESIGN DRAWING, COST ESTIMATE
AND
PREPARATION OF DETAILED PROJECT REPORT (DPR) OF 15 BEDDED HOSPITAL IN
TEMKEMAIYUNG RURAL MUNICIPALITY, BHOJPUR, NEPAL

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS REPORT

SUBMITTED BY:
H.N.M. ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY PVT. LTD.
KMC-32, KATHMANDU
2077/78
 A REPORT ON
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF 15 BEDDED
HOSPITAL (SMALL BLOCK)
 4/25/2021

Table of Content
Chapter 1 GENERAL DATA AND LOAD CALCULATION ............................................................ 4
Introduction ....................................................................................................................................... 4
Description of the Building ............................................................................................................... 5
Relevant Codes followed ................................................................................................................... 6
Basic Principal of Analysis of the structure Step for earthquake load .............................................. 6
Basic Principal of Design of Foundation ........................................................................................... 6
Software used for Analysis and Design ............................................................................................. 6
Concrete and Steel Grade .................................................................................................................. 6
Preliminary Design for proportioning of the Structural Elements .................................................... 6
Chapter 2 MODELLING, ANALYIS AND DESIGN ......................................................................... 7
Modeling ............................................................................................................................................ 7
Design Methods of Structural Elements .......................................................................................... 10
Limit State Method .......................................................................................................................... 10
Analysis ........................................................................................................................................... 10
Load Cases ....................................................................................................................................... 11
Load Combination ........................................................................................................................... 11
Dead Loads ...................................................................................................................................... 11
Live Loads ....................................................................................................................................... 11
Seismic Analysis.............................................................................................................................. 12
Load Pattern ..................................................................................................................................... 17
Mass Source ..................................................................................................................................... 17
Functions ......................................................................................................................................... 17
Load Cases ....................................................................................................................................... 18
Load Combinations.......................................................................................................................... 18
Design .............................................................................................................................................. 22
Design Parameters ........................................................................................................................... 22
Story Drifts (Eqx) ............................................................................................................................ 22
Story Drifts (Eqy) ............................................................................................................................ 23
Model Results .................................................................................................................................. 24
Chapter 3 SAMPLE ANALYSIS RESULT AND SAMPLE DESIGN RESULT SAMPLE
ANALYSIS RESULT AND SAMPLE DESIGN RESULT .............................................................. 26
Sample Beam Design....................................................................................................................... 28
Sample Slab Design ......................................................................................................................... 30

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Design of foundation ....................................................................................................................... 32

Column Design summary ................................................................................................................ 32
Beam design Summary .................................................................................................................... 33
Chapter 4 : ANNEXES, CONCULSION AND REFRENCES .......................................................... 34
Annexes ........................................................................................................................................... 34
Reinforcements of Beam and Columns ........................................................................................... 36
Conclusion ....................................................................................................................................... 44
References ....................................................................................................................................... 45

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Chapter 1 GENERAL DATA AND LOAD CALCULATION

Introduction
The basic aim of the structural design is to build a structure, which is safe, fulfilling the intended
purpose during its estimated life span, economical in terms of initial and maintenance cost, durable
and also maintaining a good aesthetic appearance. A building is considered to be structurally sound,
if the individual elements and the building as a whole satisfy the criteria for strength, stability and
serviceability and in seismic areas additional criteria for ductility and energy absorption capabilities.
The overall building must be strong enough to transfer all loads through the structure to the ground
without collapsing or losing structural integrity by rupture of the material at the critical sections, by
transformation of the whole or parts into mechanisms or by instability. This strength criterion is valid
for all loads that will normally be applied to the building during its lifetime. Accidents, overloading
and disasters are not directly related to design. However, concern is needed for the structure to have
structural integrity. A building needs to be designed for all loads acting on it. Detailed structural
designs are carried out and working drawings are to be prepared. Safety is the prime concern of the
structural design. Serviceability and economy are other basic requirements that are to be considered
during structural design. The building should be designed not only for vertical loads, but also for
horizontal loads such as wind and earthquake loads. A building and its structural elements must be
strong enough to transfer all the loads acting on it safely to the ground. It should be able to withstand
all loads acting on it.

Nepal lies in seismically vulnerable zone. It is located in the boundary of the two colliding tectonic
plates- the Indian plate (Indo-Australian Plate) and the Tibetan plate (Eurasian Plate) which is known
as “Subduction Zone”. Records of earthquakes are available in Nepal since 1955 A.D. Those records
reveal that Nepal was hit by 18 major earthquakes since then, resulting in huge loss of life and property.
Out of these earthquakes, the 1833 and 1934 earthquakes were the most destructive ones.

Designing building against earthquake forces does not mean that we are making the building proof
against it. Although we can design such robust structure, it would be too expensive to build, it would
be far cheaper to rebuild the building again instead of making it completely earthquake proof. The
structures are generally designed for much lower seismic forces than what it may actually experience
during its life time. Since the structure is expected to undergo damage in the event of a severe shaking,
reliance is placed on the inelastic response of the structure beyond yield.

Therefore, structures have to be ductile and capable of dissipating energy through inelastic actions.
Ductility can be achieved by avoiding brittle modes of failures. Brittle modes of failures include, shear
and bond failure. Thus, structures should be designed on Weak Beam-Strong column philosophy.

The structural design alone is not enough to ensure the safety of the building, equally important, is its
construction. The role of the contractor is of paramount importance as he is the one to execute the
construction work at the site. He is required to execute the work according to the drawings supplied
by the consultant to him and detailing has to be carefully followed. A large percentage of failure of
the building is attributed to poor quality of construction. Past experiences from damages have shown
that quality of material and workmanship plays an important role in good seismic behavior of the
buildings. Hence, quality assurance in construction is expected to gain good seismic performance.

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Description of the Building

This is a Three storied Residential building which include a ground floor and first floor. The floor to
floor height is 3.900 m. The building plan is rectangular in shape. The maximum height of the building
is 11.700m.

Table1. 1 Description of the Building

Basic Data
General Features
Project Structural Report on Institutional Building
Architectural features
Type of Building Institutional Building
Number of floors 2 Plus half Storey
Height of storey 3.90 m
Total Height of Building 11.7 m
No. of Staircase 1 no.
Wall and Partition Masonry walls/Dry walls
Structural Features
Structural system RCC Frame Structure
Foundation Type Isolated Footing, Combined
Column size 700mm x 700mm
Beam Size 400mm x 600mm
Slab 125 mm Overall Depth,
Geotechnical Features
Soil Type Type II
Seismic Zone V (as per IS 1893-2002)
Allowable Bearing Capacity 125 KN/m3
Material
Grade of Concrete M20 for beam, column, slab and footing.
Grade of Steel Fe500
Unit weight of Concrete 25 KN/m3
Unit weight of Masonry wall 19 KN/m3
Young’s Modulus of Elasticity 5000√𝑓𝑐𝑘
Poisson’s Ratio 0.2 for concrete
0.3 for rebar

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Relevant Codes followed

IS 456-2000: For Design of Structural Elements
SP 16: For Design Aid
SP 34: For Detailing
IS 1893-2002: Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures

Basic Principal of Analysis of the structure Step for earthquake load

1. Earthquake load with Seismic Coefficient Method (IS 1893-2002)

Basic Principal of Design of Foundation

1. Isolated Footing and strap footing to support the structure.

Software used for Analysis and Design

a. ETABS 2016
b. Custom Software

Concrete and Steel Grade

Concrete Grade = M20 for Foundation, Beams, slab and for Column
Steel Grade = Fe500
Preliminary Design for proportioning of the Structural Elements
The tentative sizes of the Structural elements are determined through preliminary design so that after
analysis, the presumed dimensions may not deviate considerably, thus making the final design both
safe and economical. The tentative sizes have been determined as follows:

Slab: From Deflection Criteria [Effective Depth = Effective Shorter Span / (26 * MF)]

Beam: For Practical rule as 25mm Depth for 300mm of Span covering deflection criteria

Column: From evaluation of approximate gravity loading coming up to the critical Column.
To compensate for the possible eccentric Loading and earthquake loads the size is increased by about
25 % in design.

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Chapter 2 MODELLING, ANALYIS AND DESIGN

Modeling
The structural system is designed as a Special Moment Resisting Frame structure. Therefore, main
components to be modeled are: Beams, Columns & Slabs. The analysis software used for modeling
the structure is the ETABS 2016.

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Figure 2. 1 Grid of Building

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Figure 2.2 Rendered View of Buildings in Etabs

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Design Methods of Structural Elements

We have followed Indian Standard Code of Practice for Plain and Reinforced Concrete,
IS: 456 -2000 for design of Structural Elements. This incorporates the two methods of Structural
Design of RC structures specified as:

a. Working Stress Method based on the Working loads in conjunction with permissible stresses in the
materials.
b. Limit State Method based on safety and serviceability requirements associated with the design
loads and design strengths of the materials. These design loads and design strengths are obtained
by applying partial safety factors for characteristic loads and strengths of the materials concrete
and steel.

We have followed the limit state method which is incorporated in IS: 456-2000. It is consistent with
the new philosophy of design termed limit state approach which was incorporated in the Russian Code
– 1954, the British code BS 8110 – 1985 and the American Code ACI 318 – 1989.

Limit State Method

The Limit State method of design covers the various forms of failure. There are several Limit State at
which the structure ceases to function, the most important among them being,

a. The limit state of collapse or total failure of structure.

It corresponds to the maximum load carrying capacity. Violation of collapse implies failure. This limit
state corresponds to Flexure, Compression, Shear and Torsion.

b. The limit state of serviceability which includes excessive deflection and excessive local damage.

Analysis
The analysis has been carried out using a standard software package Etabs2016 based on finite element
method. The software is capable of carrying out a Three-dimensional analysis. It is windows-based
software. It has a user-friendly graphical input and output interface. It can account for the rigid zones
at the beam - column junction. It has a capability to create a special joint at any grid intersection. The
program has a facility to create shell elements also. Shell elements can be used for the analysis of
Slabs and Shear walls. A full 3D finite element model using frame and shell elements can also be
created using ETABS.
A Three-Dimensional Linear elastic analysis has been carried out. Structure is assumed to be fixed at
the Plinth level. The masonry wall load is distributed in the beams as uniformly distributed loads. The
beams are modeled as rectangular beams. A model based on Rigid Diaphragm Concept has been
considered. This is done by creating a special joint at the center of mass of each floor level and
constraining all the joints at this level by a diaphragm constraint.

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Load Cases
Following loads have been considered in the analysis of the building as per IS 456-2000 and
IS1893:2002.

1. Dead Load (DL)

2. Live Load (LL)
3. Earthquake Load in +ve X-direction (EQx)
4. Earthquake Load in -ve X-direction (-EQx)
5. Earthquake Load in +ve Y-direction (EQy)
6. Earthquake Load in -ve Y-direction (-EQy)

Load Combination
Following load combinations have been adopted as per IS 1893-2002.
1.5(DL+LL)
1.2(DL+LL±EL)
1.5(DL±EL)
0.9DL±1.5EL where, DL = Dead Load
LL = Live Load
EL = Earthquake Load

Dead Loads
Dead loads are assumed to be produced by slab, beams, columns, walls, parapet walls, staircase,
plasters and mortars, Floor finish and water tank. The weight of building materials is taken as per IS
875(Part 1)-1987).

Specific weight of materials [Ref: IS: 875(Part 1)-1987)]

Materials Unit weight
Reinforced Concrete 25 KN/m3
Brick Masonry 19 KN/m3
Floor Finishing (Screeding & Punning) 23 KN/m3
Cement Sand Plaster 20 KN/m3+
Floor Finishing (Marble) 26 KN/m3

Live Loads
Live loads are applied on floor slabs on the basis of usage of rooms, as specified in IS 875 part II.
Rooms 2 KN/m2
Toilet/Bathrooms/Kitchens 2 KN/m2
Balcony/Stairs 3 KN/m2
Terrace/Roof 1.5 KN/m2

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Seismic Analysis

IS1893 2002 Auto Seismic Load Calculation

This calculation presents the automatically generated lateral seismic loads for load pattern Eqx
according to IS1893 2002, as calculated by ETABS.
Direction and Eccentricity

Direction = Multiple
Eccentricity Ratio = 5% for all diaphragms
Structural Period

Period Calculation Method = User Specified

User Period T = 0.474 sec

Factors and Coefficients

Seismic Zone Factor, Z [IS Table 2] Z = 0.36

Response Reduction Factor, R [IS Table
R=5
7]
Importance Factor, I [IS Table 6] I = 1.5
Site Type [IS Table 1] = II

Seismic Response

Spectral Acceleration Coefficient, Sa /g Sa Sa

= 2.5 = 2.5
[IS 6.4.5] g g

Equivalent Lateral Forces

Sa
ZI
Seismic Coefficient, Ah [IS 6.4.2] g
Ah =
2R
Calculated Base Shear

Period
W Vb
Direction Used
(kN) (kN)
(sec)
X 0.474 8847.8427 1194.4588
X + Ecc. Y 0.474 8847.8427 1194.4588
X - Ecc. Y 0.474 8847.8427 1194.4588

Applied Story Forces

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Story Elevation X-Dir Y-Dir

m kN kN
Story3 11.7 0 0
Story2 7.8 757.0873 0
Story1 3.9 437.3715 0
Base 0 0 0

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 A Report on Structural Analysis and Design of 15 Bedded Hospital

IS1893 2002 Auto Seismic Load Calculation

This calculation presents the automatically generated lateral seismic loads for load pattern Eqy
according to IS1893 2002, as calculated by ETABS.
Direction and Eccentricity

Direction = Multiple
Eccentricity Ratio = 5% for all diaphragms
Structural Period

Period Calculation Method = User Specified

User Period T = 0.474 sec

Factors and Coefficients

Seismic Zone Factor, Z [IS Table 2] Z = 0.36

Response Reduction Factor, R [IS Table
R=5
7]
Importance Factor, I [IS Table 6] I = 1.5
Site Type [IS Table 1] = II

Seismic Response

Spectral Acceleration Coefficient, Sa /g Sa Sa

= 2.5 = 2.5
[IS 6.4.5] g g

Equivalent Lateral Forces

Sa
ZI
Seismic Coefficient, Ah [IS 6.4.2] g
Ah =
2R
Calculated Base Shear

Period
W Vb
Direction Used
(kN) (kN)
(sec)
Y 0.474 8847.8427 1194.4588
Y + Ecc. X 0.474 8847.8427 1194.4588
Y - Ecc. X 0.474 8847.8427 1194.4588

Applied Story Forces

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Story Elevation X-Dir Y-Dir

m kN kN
Story3 11.7 0 0
Story2 7.8 0 757.0873
Story1 3.9 0 437.3715
Base 0 0 0

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Table: Base Shear Calculation Sheet

AS PER IS 1893: 2002

Remarks
Height of the building (m) 11.7 m
Important factor 1.50
Seismic Weight (W) 8847.8427 KN
Soil Type (II) 2.00 Medium Soil
Time Period in X direction
(T) 0.075*(H)3/4 0.47 Sec
Average response acceleration coefficient (Sa/g) 2.500
Response reduction factor.
R 5.00
Seismic zone factor (Z) 0.3600
Design horizontal seismic coefficient (Ah) 0.135
Design seismic base shear (VB) 1194.4588 KN

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Load Pattern
Table: Load Patterns

Name Is Auto Type Self Auto Load

Load Weight
Multiplier
Dead No Dead 1
Eqx No Seismic 0 IS1893 2002
Eqx(1/3) Yes Seismic 0 IS1893 2002
Eqx(2/3) Yes Seismic 0 IS1893 2002
Eqx(3/3) Yes Seismic 0 IS1893 2002
Eqy No Seismic 0 IS1893 2002
Eqy(1/3) Yes Seismic 0 IS1893 2002
Eqy(2/3) Yes Seismic 0 IS1893 2002
Eqy(3/3) Yes Seismic 0 IS1893 2002
Floor Finish No Dead 0
Live No Live 0
Live <3 No Live 0
Live >= 3 No Live 0
Parapet No Dead 0
Staircase No Dead 0
Wall Load 10" No Dead 0
Wall Load 5" No Dead 0

Mass Source
Table: Mass Source

Name Is Include Include Lump Source Source Source Move Mass Load Pattern Multiplier
Default Lateral Vertical Mass? Self Added Load Centroid?
Mass? Mass? Mass? Mass? Patterns?
MsSrc1 Yes Yes No Yes No No Yes No Dead 1
MsSrc1 Wall Load 10" 1
MsSrc1 Wall Load 5" 1
MsSrc1 Floor Finish 1
MsSrc1 Live >= 3 0.5
MsSrc1 Live <3 0.25
MsSrc1 Parapet 1

Functions
Response Spectrum Functions

Name Period Value Z Soil Damping

sec Type Ratio
ISRS 0 0.36 0.36 II 0.05
ISRS 0.1 0.9
ISRS 0.55 0.9
ISRS 0.8 0.612
ISRS 1 0.4896
ISRS 1.2 0.408
ISRS 1.4 0.349714
ISRS 1.6 0.306

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ISRS 1.8 0.272

ISRS 2 0.2448
ISRS 2.5 0.19584
ISRS 3 0.1632
ISRS 3.5 0.139886
ISRS 4 0.1224
ISRS 4.5 0.1224
ISRS 5 0.1224
ISRS 5.5 0.1224
ISRS 6 0.1224
ISRS 6.5 0.1224
ISRS 7 0.1224
ISRS 7.5 0.1224
ISRS 8 0.1224
ISRS 8.5 0.1224
ISRS 9 0.1224
ISRS 9.5 0.1224
ISRS 10 0.1224

Load Cases
Name Type
Modal Modal - Eigen
Dead Linear Static
Live Linear Static
Wall Load 10" Linear Static
Wall Load 5" Linear Static
Floor Finish Linear Static
Staircase Linear Static
Live >= 3 Linear Static
Live <3 Linear Static
Eqx Linear Static
Eqy Linear Static
Parapet Linear Static
RSx Response Spectrum
RSY Response Spectrum

Load Combinations
Name Type Is Auto Load Name SF Notes
DCon1 Linear Add Yes Dead 1.5 Dead [Strength]
DCon1 Wall Load 10" 1.5
DCon1 Wall Load 5" 1.5
DCon1 Floor Finish 1.5
DCon1 Staircase 1.5
DCon1 Parapet 1.5
DCon2 Linear Add Yes Dead 1.5 Dead + Live [Strength]
DCon2 Live 1.5
DCon2 Wall Load 10" 1.5

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Name Type Is Auto Load Name SF Notes

DCon2 Wall Load 5" 1.5
DCon2 Floor Finish 1.5
DCon2 Staircase 1.5
DCon2 Live >= 3 1.5
DCon2 Live <3 1.5
DCon2 Parapet 1.5
DCon3 Linear Add Yes Dead 1.2 Dead + Live + Static Earthquake [Strength]
DCon3 Live 1.2
DCon3 Wall Load 10" 1.2
DCon3 Wall Load 5" 1.2
DCon3 Floor Finish 1.2
DCon3 Staircase 1.2
DCon3 Live >= 3 1.2
DCon3 Live <3 1.2
DCon3 Parapet 1.2
DCon3 Eqx 1.2
DCon4 Linear Add Yes Dead 1.2 Dead + Live - Static Earthquake [Strength]
DCon4 Live 1.2
DCon4 Wall Load 10" 1.2
DCon4 Wall Load 5" 1.2
DCon4 Floor Finish 1.2
DCon4 Staircase 1.2
DCon4 Live >= 3 1.2
DCon4 Live <3 1.2
DCon4 Parapet 1.2
DCon4 Eqx -1.2
DCon5 Linear Add Yes Dead 1.2 Dead + Live + Static Earthquake [Strength]
DCon5 Live 1.2
DCon5 Wall Load 10" 1.2
DCon5 Wall Load 5" 1.2
DCon5 Floor Finish 1.2
DCon5 Staircase 1.2
DCon5 Live >= 3 1.2
DCon5 Live <3 1.2
DCon5 Parapet 1.2
DCon5 Eqy 1.2
DCon6 Linear Add Yes Dead 1.2 Dead + Live - Static Earthquake [Strength]
DCon6 Live 1.2
DCon6 Wall Load 10" 1.2
DCon6 Wall Load 5" 1.2
DCon6 Floor Finish 1.2
DCon6 Staircase 1.2
DCon6 Live >= 3 1.2
DCon6 Live <3 1.2
DCon6 Parapet 1.2
DCon6 Eqy -1.2
DCon7 Linear Add Yes Dead 1.5 Dead + Static Earthquake [Strength]
DCon7 Wall Load 10" 1.5
DCon7 Wall Load 5" 1.5
DCon7 Floor Finish 1.5
DCon7 Staircase 1.5
DCon7 Parapet 1.5
DCon7 Eqx 1.5

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Name Type Is Auto Load Name SF Notes

DCon8 Linear Add Yes Dead 1.5 Dead - Static Earthquake [Strength]
DCon8 Wall Load 10" 1.5
DCon8 Wall Load 5" 1.5
DCon8 Floor Finish 1.5
DCon8 Staircase 1.5
DCon8 Parapet 1.5
DCon8 Eqx -1.5
DCon9 Linear Add Yes Dead 1.5 Dead + Static Earthquake [Strength]
DCon9 Wall Load 10" 1.5
DCon9 Wall Load 5" 1.5
DCon9 Floor Finish 1.5
DCon9 Staircase 1.5
DCon9 Parapet 1.5
DCon9 Eqy 1.5
DCon10 Linear Add Yes Dead 1.5 Dead - Static Earthquake [Strength]
DCon10 Wall Load 10" 1.5
DCon10 Wall Load 5" 1.5
DCon10 Floor Finish 1.5
DCon10 Staircase 1.5
DCon10 Parapet 1.5
DCon10 Eqy -1.5
DCon11 Linear Add Yes Dead 0.9 Dead (min) + Static Earthquake [Strength]
DCon11 Wall Load 10" 0.9
DCon11 Wall Load 5" 0.9
DCon11 Floor Finish 0.9
DCon11 Staircase 0.9
DCon11 Parapet 0.9
DCon11 Eqx 1.5
DCon12 Linear Add Yes Dead 0.9 Dead (min) - Static Earthquake [Strength]
DCon12 Wall Load 10" 0.9
DCon12 Wall Load 5" 0.9
DCon12 Floor Finish 0.9
DCon12 Staircase 0.9
DCon12 Parapet 0.9
DCon12 Eqx -1.5
DCon13 Linear Add Yes Dead 0.9 Dead (min) + Static Earthquake [Strength]
DCon13 Wall Load 10" 0.9
DCon13 Wall Load 5" 0.9
DCon13 Floor Finish 0.9
DCon13 Staircase 0.9
DCon13 Parapet 0.9
DCon13 Eqy 1.5
DCon14 Linear Add Yes Dead 0.9 Dead (min) - Static Earthquake [Strength]
DCon14 Wall Load 10" 0.9
DCon14 Wall Load 5" 0.9
DCon14 Floor Finish 0.9
DCon14 Staircase 0.9
DCon14 Parapet 0.9
DCon14 Eqy -1.5
DCon15 Linear Add Yes Dead 1.2 Dead + Live + Response Spectrum [Strength]
DCon15 Live 1.2
DCon15 Wall Load 10" 1.2
DCon15 Wall Load 5" 1.2

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Name Type Is Auto Load Name SF Notes

DCon15 Floor Finish 1.2
DCon15 Staircase 1.2
DCon15 Live >= 3 1.2
DCon15 Live <3 1.2
DCon15 Parapet 1.2
DCon15 RSx 1.2
DCon16 Linear Add Yes Dead 1.2 Dead + Live + Response Spectrum [Strength]
DCon16 Live 1.2
DCon16 Wall Load 10" 1.2
DCon16 Wall Load 5" 1.2
DCon16 Floor Finish 1.2
DCon16 Staircase 1.2
DCon16 Live >= 3 1.2
DCon16 Live <3 1.2
DCon16 Parapet 1.2
DCon16 RSY 1.2
DCon17 Linear Add Yes Dead 1.5 Dead + Response Spectrum [Strength]
DCon17 Wall Load 10" 1.5
DCon17 Wall Load 5" 1.5
DCon17 Floor Finish 1.5
DCon17 Staircase 1.5
DCon17 Parapet 1.5
DCon17 RSx 1.5
DCon18 Linear Add Yes Dead 1.5 Dead + Response Spectrum [Strength]
DCon18 Wall Load 10" 1.5
DCon18 Wall Load 5" 1.5
DCon18 Floor Finish 1.5
DCon18 Staircase 1.5
DCon18 Parapet 1.5
DCon18 RSY 1.5
DCon19 Linear Add Yes Dead 0.9 Dead (min) + Response Spectrum [Strength]
DCon19 Wall Load 10" 0.9
DCon19 Wall Load 5" 0.9
DCon19 Floor Finish 0.9
DCon19 Staircase 0.9
DCon19 Parapet 0.9
DCon19 RSx 1.5
DCon20 Linear Add Yes Dead 0.9 Dead (min) + Response Spectrum [Strength]
DCon20 Wall Load 10" 0.9
DCon20 Wall Load 5" 0.9
DCon20 Floor Finish 0.9
DCon20 Staircase 0.9
DCon20 Parapet 0.9
DCon20 RSY 1.5

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Design
The design of reinforced concrete structural members includes selection of material properties
(grade of steel and concrete), shape and size of cross section, factor of safety and amount of
steel required. The design of reinforced concrete members is carried out using limit state
method as per IS 456: 2000. The limit state method is the modern and latest design
methodology. This method evolved around 1970’s. Limit state method is based on the concept
of multiple safety factors and attempts to provide adequate safety at the ultimate loads and
adequate serviceability at service loads.
For the design of the members IS 456:2000 and design aid SP 16 has been used. Footings have
been checked for vertical loads and moments developed at the base due to dead load and live
load only. Square footings have been adopted from seismic point of view that reversal stress
may occur. And footing beams are provided for column at foundation for more rigidity of
building and also need for the column located at boundary. Longitudinal reinforcement in
beams and columns has been calculated based on critical load combination among the thirteen
load combinations. Spacing of the shear reinforcement has been calculated as per the ductility
criteria as defined in IS 13920 -1993. Some sample designs are shown later on in this report.

Design Parameters
Followings factors are considered for earthquake resistant design of the building.

Story Drifts (Eqx)

Figure: Storey drift due to Eqx

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Table: Storey drift due to Eqx

Story Drifts (Eqy)

Figure: Storey drift due to Eqy

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Table: Storey drift due to Eqy

Maximum value of Story drift = 0.004*Story ht.

= 0.0468
It is seen that the story drift is within the safe limits

Model Results
Sufficient no of modes has been considered for the dynamic analysis of the building. Here
results for selected no of modes has been included.

Table: Modal Periods and Frequencies

Period
Case Mode UX UY UZ SumUX SumUY SumRX SumRY SumRZ
sec
Modal 1 0.36 0.0166 0.6686 0 0.0166 0.6686 0.2886 0.012 0.1032
Modal 2 0.343 0.7167 0.0399 0 0.7333 0.7085 0.2987 0.284 0.1404
Modal 3 0.293 0.0622 0.0863 0 0.7955 0.7948 0.2987 0.2848 0.801
Modal 4 0.164 0.0564 0.0398 0 0.8519 0.8346 0.4203 0.4462 0.8017
Modal 5 0.161 0.0266 0.0416 0 0.8785 0.8762 0.5584 0.5475 0.838
Modal 6 0.119 0.0016 0.0024 0 0.8801 0.8786 0.565 0.5518 0.8584
Modal 7 0.107 0.0282 0.0675 0 0.9083 0.946 0.802 0.6485 0.9161
Modal 8 0.1 0.0736 0.0389 0 0.9819 0.9849 0.9416 0.9211 0.9184
Modal 9 0.091 0.0147 0.0125 0 0.9966 0.9974 0.9879 0.9858 0.9986
Modal 10 0.035 2.578E-05 0 0 0.9966 0.9974 0.9879 0.9858 0.9986
Modal 11 0.029 3.87E-06 1.464E-05 0 0.9966 0.9974 0.988 0.986 0.9986
Modal 12 0.028 8.711E-06 4.982E-06 0 0.9966 0.9974 0.988 0.9879 0.9986

Table: Modal Load Participation Ratios

Static Dynamic
Case ItemType Item
% %
Modal Acceleration UX 100 99.66
Modal Acceleration UY 100 99.74

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A Report on Structural Analysis and Design of 15 Bedded Hospital

Static Dynamic
Case ItemType Item
% %
Modal Acceleration UZ 0 0

Table: Modal Direction Factors

Period
Case Mode UX UY UZ RZ
sec
Modal 1 0.36 0.028 0.896 0 0.076
Modal 2 0.343 0.927 0.047 0 0.026
Modal 3 0.293 0.078 0.126 0 0.796
Modal 4 0.164 0.573 0.425 0 0.002
Modal 5 0.161 0.393 0.496 0 0.112
Modal 6 0.119 0.008 0.014 0 0.978
Modal 7 0.107 0.197 0.488 0 0.315
Modal 8 0.1 0.622 0.359 0 0.019
Modal 9 0.091 0.173 0.149 0 0.678
Modal 10 0.035 0.015 0.001 0 0.984
Modal 11 0.029 0.002 0.001 0 0.997
Modal 12 0.028 0.138 0.097 0 0.764

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Chapter 3 SAMPLE ANALYSIS RESULT AND SAMPLE DESIGN RESULT

SAMPLE ANALYSIS RESULT AND SAMPLE DESIGN RESULT

ETABS Concrete Frame Design

IS 456:2000 + IS 13920:2016 Column Section Design

Column Element Details Type: Ductile Frame (Summary)

Level Element Unique Name Section ID Combo ID Station Loc Length (mm) LLRF
Story2 C68 70 Column 700 x 700 DCon18 3300 3900 0.703

Section Properties
b (mm) h (mm) dc (mm) Cover (Torsion) (mm)
700 700 60 30

Material Properties
Ec (MPa) fck (MPa) Lt.Wt Factor (Unitless) fy (MPa) fys (MPa)
25000 25 1 500 500

Design Code Parameters

ɣC ɣS
1.5 1.15

Axial Force and Biaxial Moment Design For Pu , Mu2 , Mu3

Design Pu Design Mu2 Design Mu3 Minimum M2 Minimum M3 Rebar Area Rebar %
kN kN-m kN-m kN-m kN-m mm² %
303.6759 688.8828 309.0074 9.09 9.09 6915 1.41

Axial Force and Biaxial Moment Factors

K Factor Length Initial Moment Additional Moment Minimum Moment
Unitless mm kN-m kN-m kN-m
Major Bend(M3) 0.920565 3300 -127.7126 0 9.09
Minor Bend(M2) 0.862593 3300 -115.3045 0 9.09

Shear Design for Vu2 , Vu3

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Shear Vu Shear Vc Shear Vs Shear Vp Rebar Asv /s

kN kN kN kN mm²/m
Major, Vu2 220.3185 283.8074 179.2005 220.3185 775.9
Minor, Vu3 353.2732 283.8074 179.2005 353.2732 775.9

Joint Shear Check/Design

Joint Shear Shear Shear Shear Joint Shear
Force VTop Vu,Tot Vc Area Ratio
kN kN kN kN cm² Unitless
Major Shear, Vu2 0 0 642.6352 2450 4900 0.262
Minor Shear, Vu3 0 0 1016.5061 2450 4900 0.415

(1.4) Beam/Column Capacity Ratio

Major Ratio Minor Ratio
0.483 0.775

Additional Moment Reduction Factor k (IS 39.7.1.1)

Ag Asc Puz Pb Pu k
cm² cm² kN kN kN Unitless
4900 69.1 8105.5736 2791.3898 303.6759 1

Additional Moment (IS 39.7.1)

Consider Length Section KL/Depth KL/Depth KL/Depth Ma
Ma Factor Depth (mm) Ratio Limit Exceeded Moment (kN-m)
Major Bending (M3 ) Yes 0.846 700 4.34 12 No 0
Minor Bending (M2 ) Yes 0.846 700 4.067 12 No 0

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Sample Beam Design

ETABS Concrete Frame Design
IS 456:2000 + IS 13920:2016 Beam Section Design

Beam Element Details Type: Ductile Frame (Summary)

Level Element Unique Name Section ID Combo ID Station Loc Length (mm) LLRF
Story3 B125 279 Beam 400x500 DCon3 3250 3600 1

Section Properties
b (mm) h (mm) bf (mm) ds (mm) dct (mm) dcb (mm)
400 600 400 0 60 60

Material Properties
Ec (MPa) fck (MPa) Lt.Wt Factor (Unitless) fy (MPa) fys (MPa)
22360.68 20 1 500 500

Design Code Parameters

ɣC ɣS
1.5 1.15

Factored Forces and Moments

Factored Factored Factored Factored
Mu3 Tu Vu2 Pu
kN-m kN-m kN kN
-299.2171 53.6597 185.9651 8.1654

Design Moments, Mu3 & Mt

Factored Factored Positive Negative
Moment Mt Moment Moment
kN-m kN-m kN-m kN-m
-299.2171 78.9114 0 -378.1285

Design Moment and Flexural Reinforcement for Moment, Mu3 & Tu

Design Design -Moment +Moment Minimum Required
-Moment +Moment Rebar Rebar Rebar Rebar
kN-m kN-m mm² mm² mm² mm²
Top (+2 Axis) -378.1285 1883 0 1883 471
Bottom (-2 Axis) 0 942 0 0 942

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Shear Force and Reinforcement for Shear, Vu2 & Tu

Shear Ve Shear Vc Shear Vs Shear Vp Rebar Asv /s
kN kN kN kN mm²/m
292.5862 0 511.2836 162.3937 2623.72

Torsion Force and Torsion Reinforcement for Torsion, T u & VU2

Tu Vu Core b1 Core d1 Rebar Asvt /s
kN-m kN mm mm mm²/m
54.6743 183.9356 300 500 1417.81

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Sample Slab Design

SAMPLE SLAB DESIGN: TWO-WAY SLAB, 150MM THICKNESS (F8)
L c/c short = 3.6 m ly = 3.6 m Status
L c/c long = 3.6 m lx = 3.6 m
support width
0.4 m fck = 20 N/mm2
left =
support width
0.4 m fy = 500 N/mm2
right =
ly/lx = 1.000 Dia. Of Bar = 10 mm Two Way Slab
Overall depth of Slab (D) = 125 mm DEPTH OK
Effective depth (d) = 100 mm
Load Calculation
Dead Load of Slab = 3.125 KN/m2
Floor Finish = 1.5 KN/m2
Partition= 0 KN/m2
Total Dead Load = 4.625 KN/m2
Live Load = 5 KN/m2
Total Load = 9.625 KN/m2
Factored Load = 14.4375 KN/m2
Type of slab 1
αx- 0.06 Type of Slab Value
αy- 0.047 Interior Panels 1
αx+ 0.045 One Short Edge Discontinuous 2
αy+ 0.035 One Long Edge Discontinuous 3
Two Adjacent Edge Discontinuous 4
Two Short Edges Discontinuous 5
Mx- 11.2266 KNm Two Long Edges Discontinuous 6
My- 8.79417 KNm Three Edge Discontinuous (One Long Edge Cont.) 7
Mx+ 8.41995 KNm Three Edge Discontinuous (One Short Edge Cont.) 8
My+ 6.54885 KNm Four Edge Discontinuous 9

Check for Depth Due to Moment

dreq= 64.97 mm OK
Calculation of Area of Steel
Area Check Area Dia. Of bar Suggested Provide Provided
Calculated For Required Used Spacing Spacing Area
mm2 Min. Area mm2 mm mm mm mm2
Astx- 277 OK 277.31 8 181 150 335
Asty- 213.56761 OK 213.57 8 235 150 335
Astx+ 203.96222 OK 203.96 8 246 150 335
Asty+ 156.68589 OK 156.69 8 321 150 335
Minimum Area of Rebar = 150 mm2

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Check for Shear Force

Maximum Shear stress
2.8 KN/m
(Tcmax) =
Percent of Steel, p% = 0.27 %
Shear Strength Tc = 0.328 N/mm2
Nominal shear stress(Tv) = 0.3092958 From table 19 IS code
Overall Depth300 or More 275 250 225 200 175 150 or Less
K 1 1.05 1.1 1.15 1.2 1.25 1.3
k= 1.3
Shear Strength in Slabs, Tc'= 0.4264 N/mm2
Tv <
Check
Tc<tmax OK
Check for deflection
Pt % 0.27
fs = 294
K = 1.4 IS 456 : 2000 fig 4 page 38
(l/d)max = 36.4
(l/d)provided 34.5
Check SAFE

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Design of foundation
The purpose of the foundation is to effectively support the superstructure by transmitting the
applied load effects to the soil below, without exceeding the safe bearing capacity of the
superstructure by ensuring settlement of the structure is within tolerable limits, and as nearly
uniform as possible. The choice of the type of the foundation depends not only on the type of
the superstructure and the magnitude and types of reactions induced at the base of the
superstructure, but also on the nature of the soil strata on top of which the substructure is to be
founded. The foundation used for this building is isolated foundation. Bearing Capacity of Soil
is 125KN/m2.

Column Design summary

Column Design Summary ( Only Small Block )

Col. Size
S.N. Designation 1st Floor 2nd Floor 3rd Floor
(mm)
1 A1 700 mm x 700 mm 8-20φ +12-16φ 20-16φ
2 B1 700 mm x 700 mm 8-20φ +12-16φ 20-16φ
3 C1 700 mm x 700 mm 8-20φ +12-16φ 20-16φ
4 D1 700 mm x 700 mm 20-20φ 20-16φ
5 A2 700 mm x 700 mm 20-16φ 20-16φ
6 B2 700 mm x 700 mm 20-16φ 20-16φ
7 C2 700 mm x 700 mm 20-16φ 20-16φ
8 D2 700 mm x 700 mm 8-20φ +12-16φ 20-16φ
9 A3 700 mm x 700 mm 8-20φ +12-16φ 20-16φ
10 B3 700 mm x 700 mm 20-16φ 20-16φ
11 C3 700 mm x 700 mm 20-16φ 20-16φ
12 D3 700 mm x 700 mm 8-20φ +12-16φ 20-16φ
13 A4 700 mm x 700 mm 8-20φ +12-16φ 20-16φ
14 B4 700 mm x 700 mm 8-20φ +12-16φ 20-16φ
15 C4 700 mm x 700 mm 8-20φ +12-16φ 20-16φ
Note : Storey has been labeled from Plinth Level as (1st,2nd, 3rd)

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Beam design Summary

Beam Design Summary ( Small Block )

Top Reinforcement Bottom Reinforcement
Storey Grid Beam Size (mm) Stirrups
At Support At Mid At Support At Mid
Rebar Details of Primary Beam along Long Grid
1st 1-1 400 mm x 600 mm (4-16φ Th) + (3-20φ ex) (4-16φ Th) (5-16φ Th) (5-16φ Th) 10mm φ @4" c/c near joint and 6" at mid
2-2 400 mm x 600 mm (4-16φ Th) + (3-20φ ex) (4-16φ Th) (7-16φ Th) (7-16φ Th) 10mm φ @4" c/c near joint and 6" at mid
3-3 400 mm x 600 mm (4-16φ Th) + (3-20φ ex) (4-16φ Th) (7-16φ Th) (7-16φ Th) 10mm φ @4" c/c near joint and 6" at mid
4-4 400 mm x 600 mm (4-16φ Th) + (2-20φ ex) (4-16φ Th) (5-16φ Th) (5-16φ Th) 10mm φ @4" c/c near joint and 6" at mid
A-A 400 mm x 600 mm (4-16φ Th) + (3-20φ ex) (4-16φ Th) (5-16φ Th) (5-16φ Th) 10mm φ @4" c/c near joint and 6" at mid
B-B 400 mm x 600 mm (4-16φ Th) + (3-20φ ex) (4-16φ Th) (5-16φ Th) (5-16φ Th) 10mm φ @4" c/c near joint and 6" at mid
C-C 400 mm x 600 mm (4-16φ Th) + (3-20φ ex) (4-16φ Th) (5-16φ Th) (5-16φ Th) 10mm φ @4" c/c near joint and 6" at mid
D-D 400 mm x 600 mm (4-16φ Th) + (3-20φ ex) (4-16φ Th) (5-16φ Th) (5-16φ Th) 10mm φ @4" c/c near joint and 6" at mid
2nd 1-1 400 mm x 600 mm (4-16φ Th) + (2-20φ ex) (4-16φ Th) (5-16φ Th) (5-16φ Th) 10mm φ @4" c/c near joint and 6" at mid
2-2 400 mm x 600 mm (4-16φ Th) + (2-20φ ex) (4-16φ Th) (5-16φ Th) (5-16φ Th) 10mm φ @4" c/c near joint and 6" at mid
3-3 400 mm x 600 mm (4-16φ Th) + (2-20φ ex) (4-16φ Th) (5-16φ Th) (5-16φ Th) 10mm φ @4" c/c near joint and 6" at mid
A-A 400 mm x 600 mm (4-16φ Th) + (2-20φ ex) (4-16φ Th) (5-16φ Th) (5-16φ Th) 10mm φ @4" c/c near joint and 6" at mid
B-B 400 mm x 600 mm (4-16φ Th) + (2-20φ ex) (4-16φ Th) (5-16φ Th) (5-16φ Th) 10mm φ @4" c/c near joint and 6" at mid
C-C 400 mm x 600 mm (4-16φ Th) + (2-20φ ex) (4-16φ Th) (5-16φ Th) (5-16φ Th) 10mm φ @4" c/c near joint and 6" at mid
D-D 400 mm x 600 mm (4-16φ Th) + (2-20φ ex) (4-16φ Th) (5-16φ Th) (5-16φ Th) 10mm φ @4" c/c near joint and 6" at mid
Rebar Details of Secondary Beam along Long Grid
All Secondary Beam along
1st Longer Grid 300mmx400mm (3-16φ Th) + (1-16φ ex) (3-16φ Th) (3-16φ Th) (3-16φ Th) 8mm φ @4" c/c near joint and 6" at mid
All Secondary Beam along
2nd Longer Grid 300mmx400mm (3-16φ Th) + (1-16φ ex) (3-16φ Th) (3-16φ Th) (3-16φ Th) 8mm φ @4" c/c near joint and 6" at mid
Rebar Details of Secondary Beam along Short Grid
All Secondary Beam along
1st Longer Grid 300mmx400mm (3-16φ Th) + (1-16φ ex) (3-16φ Th) (3-16φ Th) (3-16φ Th) 8mm φ @4" c/c near joint and 6" at mid
All Secondary Beam along
2nd Longer Grid 300mmx400mm (3-16φ Th) + (1-16φ ex) (3-16φ Th) (3-16φ Th) (3-16φ Th) 8mm φ @4" c/c near joint and 6" at mid

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 A Report on Structural Analysis and Design of 15 Bedded Hospital

Chapter 4 : ANNEXES, CONCULSION AND REFRENCES

Annexes

Figure: Grid View

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A Report on Structural Analysis and Design of 15 Bedded Hospital

Figure: Section assignment in 3-D

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Reinforcements of Beam and Columns

Figure: Column/Beam Rebar Details in elevation 3-D

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Figure: Axial Force Diagram

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Figure: Shear Force Diagram

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A Report on Structural Analysis and Design of 15 Bedded Hospital

Figure: Bending Moment Diagram

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A Report on Structural Analysis and Design of 15 Bedded Hospital

Figure: Story Drift due to Eqx

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A Report on Structural Analysis and Design of 15 Bedded Hospital

Figure: Storey Drift Eqy

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Figure: Model Verification in Etabs

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Figure: Concrete Member Check

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 A Report on Structural Analysis and Design of 15 Bedded Hospital

Conclusion
Ductility and strength required to resist major earthquake can be achieved by following the
recommendations made in the standard codes of practice for earthquake resistant design. After
the analysis of the building components, the building is found to be safe against the loads
considered above. All the sections are found to be stressed within the permissible limits due to
axial, shear, flexural and torsional forces produced due to above forces. The slab and
foundations were checked manually. Shear stirrups is sufficiently provided so that none of the
elements are Vulnerable to shear failure and failure mode will be flexural, which is more
ductile. Bearing capacity of the soil is assumed to be 125 KN/m2. It is strongly recommended
to check the bearing capacity before construction so as to ensure the assumed value is within
safe limits. The structural safety would further depend upon the effectiveness of construction
procedures as well as collapse and serviceability criteria followed during the construction
phases.
Design and construction of the structure are inter – related jobs. A building behaves in a manner
how it has been built rather than what the intensions is during designing. A large percentage of
structural failures are attributed due to poor quality of construction. Therefore, quality
assurance is needed in both design and construction. Durable M20 concrete has been used in
the foundation which is in contact with the soil. M20 grade of concrete is used during analysis
and design for Beams, slab and design for columns. Ductile detailing has been extensively
adopted while detailing.

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References
• IS: 456 – 2000 Code of Practice for Plain and Reinforced Concrete

• IS: 875 (Parts 1-5) Code of practice for design loads (other than earthquake) for buildings and structures
(second revision) Part 1 – Dead loads Part 2 – Imposed loads

• NBC 105: 1994 Seismic Design of Buildings in Nepal

• IS: 1893 – 2002 Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures

• IS: 13920 - 1993 Ductile Detailing of Reinforced Concrete Structures subjected to Seismic forces - Code
of Practice

• SP: 16 – 1980 Design Aids for Reinforced Concrete to IS: 456 – 1978

• SP: 34 – 1987

• Jain, A.K.

• Handbook on Concrete Reinforcement Detailing

• Reinforced Concrete, Limit State Design, fifth edition, Nem Chand and Bros, Rookie, 1999
Sinha, S. N.

• Pillai,U.C. and Menon,D.

• Reinforced Concrete Design, Second edition, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Company Ltd, New Delhi,
1996

• Reinforced Concrete Design, Second edition, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Company Ltd, New Delhi,
2003

…………………………The End ……………………………….

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 A REPORT ON
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF 15 BEDDED
HOSPITAL (BIG BLOCK)
 A Report on Structural Analysis and Design of 15 Bedded Hospital

Table of Content
Chapter 1 GENERAL DATA AND LOAD CALCULATION ................................................. 4
Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 4
Description of the Building .................................................................................................... 5
Relevant Codes followed ........................................................................................................ 6
Basic Principal of Analysis of the structure Step for earthquake load ................................... 6
Basic Principal of Design of Foundation ................................................................................ 6
Software used for Analysis and Design .................................................................................. 6
Concrete and Steel Grade ....................................................................................................... 6
Preliminary Design for proportioning of the Structural Elements ......................................... 6
Chapter 2 MODELLING, ANALYIS AND DESIGN .............................................................. 7
Modeling ................................................................................................................................. 7
Design Methods of Structural Elements ............................................................................... 10
Limit State Method ............................................................................................................... 10
Analysis ................................................................................................................................ 10
Load Cases ............................................................................................................................ 11
Load Combination ................................................................................................................ 11
Dead Loads ........................................................................................................................... 11
Live Loads ............................................................................................................................ 11
Seismic Analysis................................................................................................................... 12
Load Pattern .......................................................................................................................... 17
Mass Source .......................................................................................................................... 17
Functions .............................................................................................................................. 17
Load Cases ............................................................................................................................ 18
Load Combinations............................................................................................................... 18
Design ................................................................................................................................... 22
Design Parameters ................................................................................................................ 22
Story Drifts (Eqx) ................................................................................................................. 22
Story Drifts (Eqy) ................................................................................................................. 23
Model Results ....................................................................................................................... 24
Chapter 3 SAMPLE ANALYSIS RESULT AND SAMPLE DESIGN RESULT SAMPLE
ANALYSIS RESULT AND SAMPLE DESIGN RESULT ................................................... 26
Sample Beam Design............................................................................................................ 28
Sample Slab Design .............................................................................................................. 30

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Design of foundation ............................................................................................................ 32

Isolated Footing design ......................................................................................................... 33
Strap Footing Design ............................................................................................................ 36
Staircase Design ................................................................................................................... 41
Column Design summary ..................................................................................................... 42
Beam design Summary ......................................................................................................... 43
Chapter 4 : ANNEXES, CONCULSION AND REFRENCES ............................................... 44
Annexes ................................................................................................................................ 44
Reinforcements of Beam and Columns ................................................................................ 47
Conclusion ............................................................................................................................ 54
References ............................................................................................................................ 55

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 A Report on Structural Analysis and Design of 15 Bedded Hospital

Chapter 1 GENERAL DATA AND LOAD CALCULATION

Introduction
The basic aim of the structural design is to build a structure, which is safe, fulfilling the
intended purpose during its estimated life span, economical in terms of initial and maintenance
cost, durable and also maintaining a good aesthetic appearance. A building is considered to be
structurally sound, if the individual elements and the building as a whole satisfy the criteria for
strength, stability and serviceability and in seismic areas additional criteria for ductility and
energy absorption capabilities. The overall building must be strong enough to transfer all loads
through the structure to the ground without collapsing or losing structural integrity by rupture
of the material at the critical sections, by transformation of the whole or parts into mechanisms
or by instability. This strength criterion is valid for all loads that will normally be applied to
the building during its lifetime. Accidents, overloading and disasters are not directly related to
design. However, concern is needed for the structure to have structural integrity. A building
needs to be designed for all loads acting on it. Detailed structural designs are carried out and
working drawings are to be prepared. Safety is the prime concern of the structural design.
Serviceability and economy are other basic requirements that are to be considered during
structural design. The building should be designed not only for vertical loads, but also for
horizontal loads such as wind and earthquake loads. A building and its structural elements must
be strong enough to transfer all the loads acting on it safely to the ground. It should be able to
withstand all loads acting on it.

Nepal lies in seismically vulnerable zone. It is located in the boundary of the two colliding
tectonic plates- the Indian plate (Indo-Australian Plate) and the Tibetan plate (Eurasian Plate)
which is known as “Subduction Zone”. Records of earthquakes are available in Nepal since
1955 A.D. Those records reveal that Nepal was hit by 18 major earthquakes since then,
resulting in huge loss of life and property. Out of these earthquakes, the 1833 and 1934
earthquakes were the most destructive ones.

Designing building against earthquake forces does not mean that we are making the building
proof against it. Although we can design such robust structure, it would be too expensive to
build, it would be far cheaper to rebuild the building again instead of making it completely
earthquake proof. The structures are generally designed for much lower seismic forces than
what it may actually experience during its life time. Since the structure is expected to undergo
damage in the event of a severe shaking, reliance is placed on the inelastic response of the
structure beyond yield.

Therefore, structures have to be ductile and capable of dissipating energy through inelastic
actions. Ductility can be achieved by avoiding brittle modes of failures. Brittle modes of
failures include, shear and bond failure. Thus, structures should be designed on Weak Beam-
Strong column philosophy.

The structural design alone is not enough to ensure the safety of the building, equally important,
is its construction. The role of the contractor is of paramount importance as he is the one to
execute the construction work at the site. He is required to execute the work according to the
drawings supplied by the consultant to him and detailing has to be carefully followed. A large

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 A Report on Structural Analysis and Design of 15 Bedded Hospital

percentage of failure of the building is attributed to poor quality of construction. Past

experiences from damages have shown that quality of material and workmanship plays an
important role in good seismic behavior of the buildings. Hence, quality assurance in
construction is expected to gain good seismic performance.

Description of the Building

This is a Three storied Residential building which include a ground floor and first floor. The
floor to floor height is 3.900 m. The building plan is rectangular in shape. The maximum height
of the building is 11.700m.

Table1. 1 Description of the Building

Basic Data
General Features
Project Structural Report on Institutional Building
Architectural features
Type of Building Institutional Building
Number of floors 2 Plus half Storey
Height of storey 3.90 m
Total Height of Building 11.7 m
No. of Staircase 1 no.
Wall and Partition Masonry walls/Dry walls
Structural Features
Structural system RCC Frame Structure
Foundation Type Isolated Footing, Combined
Column size 700mm x 700mm
Beam Size 400mm x 600mm
Slab 125 mm Overall Depth,
Geotechnical Features
Soil Type Type II
Seismic Zone V (as per IS 1893:2016)
Allowable Bearing Capacity 125 KN/m3
Material
Grade of Concrete M20 for beam, column, slab and footing.
Grade of Steel Fe500
Unit weight of Concrete 25 KN/m3
Unit weight of Masonry wall 19 KN/m3
Young’s Modulus of Elasticity 5000√𝑓𝑐𝑘
Poisson’s Ratio 0.2 for concrete
0.3 for rebar

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Relevant Codes followed

IS 456-2000: For Design of Structural Elements
SP 16: For Design Aid
SP 34: For Detailing
IS 1893-2016: Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures

Basic Principal of Analysis of the structure Step for earthquake load

1. Earthquake load with Seismic Coefficient Method (IS 1893-2016)

Basic Principal of Design of Foundation

1. Isolated Footing and strap footing to support the structure.

Software used for Analysis and Design

a. ETABS 2016
b. Custom Software

Concrete and Steel Grade

Concrete Grade = M20 for Foundation, Beams, slab and M25 for Column
Steel Grade = Fe500
Preliminary Design for proportioning of the Structural Elements
The tentative sizes of the Structural elements are determined through preliminary design so
that after analysis, the presumed dimensions may not deviate considerably, thus making the
final design both safe and economical. The tentative sizes have been determined as follows:

Slab: From Deflection Criteria [Effective Depth = Effective Shorter Span / (26 * MF)]

Beam: For Practical rule as 25mm Depth for 300mm of Span covering deflection criteria

Column: From evaluation of approximate gravity loading coming up to the critical Column.
To compensate for the possible eccentric Loading and earthquake loads the size is increased
by about 25 % in design.

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Chapter 2 MODELLING, ANALYIS AND DESIGN

Modeling
The structural system is designed as a Special Moment Resisting Frame structure. Therefore,
main components to be modeled are: Beams, Columns & Slabs. The analysis software used
for modeling the structure is the ETABS 2016.

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Figure 2. 1 Grid of Building

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A Report on Structural Analysis and Design of 15 Bedded Hospital

Figure 2.2 Rendered View of Buildings in Etabs

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 A Report on Structural Analysis and Design of 15 Bedded Hospital

Design Methods of Structural Elements

We have followed Indian Standard Code of Practice for Plain and Reinforced Concrete,
IS: 456 -2000 for design of Structural Elements. This incorporates the two methods of
Structural Design of RC structures specified as:

a. Working Stress Method based on the Working loads in conjunction with permissible
stresses in the materials.
b. Limit State Method based on safety and serviceability requirements associated with the
design loads and design strengths of the materials. These design loads and design strengths
are obtained by applying partial safety factors for characteristic loads and strengths of the
materials concrete and steel.

We have followed the limit state method which is incorporated in IS: 456-2000. It is consistent
with the new philosophy of design termed limit state approach which was incorporated in the
Russian Code – 1954, the British code BS 8110 – 1985 and the American Code ACI 318 –
1989.

Limit State Method

The Limit State method of design covers the various forms of failure. There are several Limit
State at which the structure ceases to function, the most important among them being,

a. The limit state of collapse or total failure of structure.

It corresponds to the maximum load carrying capacity. Violation of collapse implies failure.
This limit state corresponds to Flexure, Compression, Shear and Torsion.

b. The limit state of serviceability which includes excessive deflection and excessive local
damage.

Analysis
The analysis has been carried out using a standard software package Etabs2016 based on finite
element method. The software is capable of carrying out a Three-dimensional analysis. It is
windows-based software. It has a user-friendly graphical input and output interface. It can
account for the rigid zones at the beam - column junction. It has a capability to create a special
joint at any grid intersection. The program has a facility to create shell elements also. Shell
elements can be used for the analysis of Slabs and Shear walls. A full 3D finite element model
using frame and shell elements can also be created using ETABS.
A Three-Dimensional Linear elastic analysis has been carried out. Structure is assumed to be
fixed at the Plinth level. The masonry wall load is distributed in the beams as uniformly
distributed loads. The beams are modeled as rectangular beams. A model based on Rigid
Diaphragm Concept has been considered. This is done by creating a special joint at the center
of mass of each floor level and constraining all the joints at this level by a diaphragm constraint.

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Load Cases
Following loads have been considered in the analysis of the building as per IS 456-2000 and
IS1893:2002.

1. Dead Load (DL)

2. Live Load (LL)
3. Earthquake Load in +ve X-direction (EQx)
4. Earthquake Load in -ve X-direction (-EQx)
5. Earthquake Load in +ve Y-direction (EQy)
6. Earthquake Load in -ve Y-direction (-EQy)

Load Combination
Following load combinations have been adopted as per IS 1893:2016.
1.5(DL+LL)
1.2(DL+LL±EL)
1.5(DL±EL)
0.9DL±1.5EL where, DL = Dead Load
LL = Live Load
EL = Earthquake Load

Dead Loads
Dead loads are assumed to be produced by slab, beams, columns, walls, parapet walls,
staircase, plasters and mortars, Floor finish and water tank. The weight of building materials is
taken as per IS 875(Part 1)-1987).

Specific weight of materials [Ref: IS: 875(Part 1)-1987)]

Materials Unit weight
Reinforced Concrete 25 KN/m3
Brick Masonry 19 KN/m3
Floor Finishing (Screeding & Punning) 23 KN/m3
Cement Sand Plaster 20 KN/m3+
Floor Finishing (Marble) 26 KN/m3

Live Loads
Live loads are applied on floor slabs on the basis of usage of rooms, as specified in IS 875 part
II.
Rooms 2 KN/m2
Toilet/Bathrooms/Kitchens 2 KN/m2
Balcony/Stairs 3 KN/m2
Terrace/Roof 1.5 KN/m2

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Seismic Analysis

IS1893 2002 Auto Seismic Load Calculation

This calculation presents the automatically generated lateral seismic loads for load pattern Eqx
according to IS1893 2002, as calculated by ETABS.
Direction and Eccentricity

Direction = Multiple
Eccentricity Ratio = 5% for all diaphragms
Structural Period

Period Calculation Method = User Specified

User Period T = 0.474 sec

Factors and Coefficients

Seismic Zone Factor, Z [IS Table 2] Z = 0.36

Response Reduction Factor, R [IS Table
R=5
7]
Importance Factor, I [IS Table 6] I = 1.5
Site Type [IS Table 1] = II

Seismic Response

Spectral Acceleration Coefficient, Sa /g Sa Sa

= 2.5 = 2.5
[IS 6.4.5] g g

Equivalent Lateral Forces

Sa
ZI
Seismic Coefficient, Ah [IS 6.4.2] g
Ah =
2R

Calculated Base Shear

Period Used W Vb
Direction
(sec) (kN) (kN)
X 0.474 21769.4728 2938.8788
X + Ecc. Y 0.474 21769.4728 2938.8788
X - Ecc. Y 0.474 21769.4728 2938.8788

Applied Story Forces

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Story Elevation X-Dir Y-Dir

m kN kN
Story3 11.7 414.6864 0

Story2 7.8 1763.6102 0

Story1 3.9 760.5823 0

Base 0 0 0

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 A Report on Structural Analysis and Design of 15 Bedded Hospital

IS1893 2002 Auto Seismic Load Calculation

This calculation presents the automatically generated lateral seismic loads for load pattern Eqy
according to IS1893 2002, as calculated by ETABS.
Direction and Eccentricity

Direction = Multiple
Eccentricity Ratio = 5% for all diaphragms
Structural Period

Period Calculation Method = User Specified

User Period T = 0.474 sec

Factors and Coefficients

Seismic Zone Factor, Z [IS Table 2] Z = 0.36

Response Reduction Factor, R [IS Table
R=5
7]
Importance Factor, I [IS Table 6] I = 1.5
Site Type [IS Table 1] = II

Seismic Response

Spectral Acceleration Coefficient, Sa /g Sa Sa

= 2.5 = 2.5
[IS 6.4.5] g g

Equivalent Lateral Forces

Sa
ZI
Seismic Coefficient, Ah [IS 6.4.2] g
Ah =
2R

Calculated Base Shear

Period Used W Vb
Direction
(sec) (kN) (kN)
Y 0.474 21769.4728 2938.8788
Y + Ecc. X 0.474 21769.4728 2938.8788
Y - Ecc. X 0.474 21769.4728 2938.8788

Applied Story Forces

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Story Elevation X-Dir Y-Dir

m kN kN
Story3 11.7 0 414.6864

Story2 7.8 0 1763.6102

Story1 3.9 0 760.5823

Base 0 0 0

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Table: Base Shear Calculation Sheet

AS PER IS 1893: 2016

Remarks
Height of the building (m) 11.7 m
Important factor 1.50
Seismic Weight (W) 21769.4728 KN
Soil Type (II) 2.00 Medium Soil
Time Period in X direction
(T) 0.075*(H)3/4 0.47 Sec
Average response acceleration coefficient (Sa/g) 2.500
Response reduction factor.
R 5.00
Seismic zone factor (Z) 0.3600
Design horizontal seismic coefficient (Ah) 0.135
Design seismic base shear (VB) 2938.8788 KN

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Load Pattern
Table: Load Patterns

Name Is Auto Type Self Auto Load

Load Weight
Multiplier
Dead No Dead 1
Eqx No Seismic 0 IS1893 2002
Eqx(1/3) Yes Seismic 0 IS1893 2002
Eqx(2/3) Yes Seismic 0 IS1893 2002
Eqx(3/3) Yes Seismic 0 IS1893 2002
Eqy No Seismic 0 IS1893 2002
Eqy(1/3) Yes Seismic 0 IS1893 2002
Eqy(2/3) Yes Seismic 0 IS1893 2002
Eqy(3/3) Yes Seismic 0 IS1893 2002
Floor Finish No Dead 0
Live No Live 0
Live <3 No Live 0
Live >= 3 No Live 0
Parapet No Dead 0
Staircase No Dead 0
Wall Load 10" No Dead 0
Wall Load 5" No Dead 0

Mass Source
Table: Mass Source

Name Is Include Include Lump Source Source Source Move Mass Load Pattern Multiplier
Default Lateral Vertical Mass? Self Added Load Centroid?
Mass? Mass? Mass? Mass? Patterns?
MsSrc1 Yes Yes No Yes No No Yes No Dead 1
MsSrc1 Wall Load 10" 1
MsSrc1 Wall Load 5" 1
MsSrc1 Floor Finish 1
MsSrc1 Live >= 3 0.5
MsSrc1 Live <3 0.25
MsSrc1 Parapet 1

Functions
Response Spectrum Functions

Name Period Value Z Soil Damping

sec Type Ratio
ISRS 0 0.36 0.36 II 0.05
ISRS 0.1 0.9
ISRS 0.55 0.9
ISRS 0.8 0.612
ISRS 1 0.4896
ISRS 1.2 0.408
ISRS 1.4 0.349714
ISRS 1.6 0.306
ISRS 1.8 0.272

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ISRS 2 0.2448
ISRS 2.5 0.19584
ISRS 3 0.1632
ISRS 3.5 0.139886
ISRS 4 0.1224
ISRS 4.5 0.1224
ISRS 5 0.1224
ISRS 5.5 0.1224
ISRS 6 0.1224
ISRS 6.5 0.1224
ISRS 7 0.1224
ISRS 7.5 0.1224
ISRS 8 0.1224
ISRS 8.5 0.1224
ISRS 9 0.1224
ISRS 9.5 0.1224
ISRS 10 0.1224

Load Cases
Name Type
Modal Modal - Eigen
Dead Linear Static
Live Linear Static
Wall Load 10" Linear Static
Wall Load 5" Linear Static
Floor Finish Linear Static
Staircase Linear Static
Live >= 3 Linear Static
Live <3 Linear Static
Eqx Linear Static
Eqy Linear Static
Parapet Linear Static
RSx Response Spectrum
RSY Response Spectrum

Load Combinations
Name Type Is Auto Load Name SF Notes
DCon1 Linear Add Yes Dead 1.5 Dead [Strength]
DCon1 Wall Load 10" 1.5
DCon1 Wall Load 5" 1.5
DCon1 Floor Finish 1.5
DCon1 Staircase 1.5
DCon1 Parapet 1.5
DCon2 Linear Add Yes Dead 1.5 Dead + Live [Strength]
DCon2 Live 1.5
DCon2 Wall Load 10" 1.5
DCon2 Wall Load 5" 1.5
DCon2 Floor Finish 1.5
DCon2 Staircase 1.5

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Name Type Is Auto Load Name SF Notes

DCon2 Live >= 3 1.5
DCon2 Live <3 1.5
DCon2 Parapet 1.5
DCon3 Linear Add Yes Dead 1.2 Dead + Live + Static Earthquake [Strength]
DCon3 Live 1.2
DCon3 Wall Load 10" 1.2
DCon3 Wall Load 5" 1.2
DCon3 Floor Finish 1.2
DCon3 Staircase 1.2
DCon3 Live >= 3 1.2
DCon3 Live <3 1.2
DCon3 Parapet 1.2
DCon3 Eqx 1.2
DCon4 Linear Add Yes Dead 1.2 Dead + Live - Static Earthquake [Strength]
DCon4 Live 1.2
DCon4 Wall Load 10" 1.2
DCon4 Wall Load 5" 1.2
DCon4 Floor Finish 1.2
DCon4 Staircase 1.2
DCon4 Live >= 3 1.2
DCon4 Live <3 1.2
DCon4 Parapet 1.2
DCon4 Eqx -1.2
DCon5 Linear Add Yes Dead 1.2 Dead + Live + Static Earthquake [Strength]
DCon5 Live 1.2
DCon5 Wall Load 10" 1.2
DCon5 Wall Load 5" 1.2
DCon5 Floor Finish 1.2
DCon5 Staircase 1.2
DCon5 Live >= 3 1.2
DCon5 Live <3 1.2
DCon5 Parapet 1.2
DCon5 Eqy 1.2
DCon6 Linear Add Yes Dead 1.2 Dead + Live - Static Earthquake [Strength]
DCon6 Live 1.2
DCon6 Wall Load 10" 1.2
DCon6 Wall Load 5" 1.2
DCon6 Floor Finish 1.2
DCon6 Staircase 1.2
DCon6 Live >= 3 1.2
DCon6 Live <3 1.2
DCon6 Parapet 1.2
DCon6 Eqy -1.2
DCon7 Linear Add Yes Dead 1.5 Dead + Static Earthquake [Strength]
DCon7 Wall Load 10" 1.5
DCon7 Wall Load 5" 1.5
DCon7 Floor Finish 1.5
DCon7 Staircase 1.5
DCon7 Parapet 1.5
DCon7 Eqx 1.5
DCon8 Linear Add Yes Dead 1.5 Dead - Static Earthquake [Strength]
DCon8 Wall Load 10" 1.5
DCon8 Wall Load 5" 1.5
DCon8 Floor Finish 1.5

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Name Type Is Auto Load Name SF Notes

DCon8 Staircase 1.5
DCon8 Parapet 1.5
DCon8 Eqx -1.5
DCon9 Linear Add Yes Dead 1.5 Dead + Static Earthquake [Strength]
DCon9 Wall Load 10" 1.5
DCon9 Wall Load 5" 1.5
DCon9 Floor Finish 1.5
DCon9 Staircase 1.5
DCon9 Parapet 1.5
DCon9 Eqy 1.5
DCon10 Linear Add Yes Dead 1.5 Dead - Static Earthquake [Strength]
DCon10 Wall Load 10" 1.5
DCon10 Wall Load 5" 1.5
DCon10 Floor Finish 1.5
DCon10 Staircase 1.5
DCon10 Parapet 1.5
DCon10 Eqy -1.5
DCon11 Linear Add Yes Dead 0.9 Dead (min) + Static Earthquake [Strength]
DCon11 Wall Load 10" 0.9
DCon11 Wall Load 5" 0.9
DCon11 Floor Finish 0.9
DCon11 Staircase 0.9
DCon11 Parapet 0.9
DCon11 Eqx 1.5
DCon12 Linear Add Yes Dead 0.9 Dead (min) - Static Earthquake [Strength]
DCon12 Wall Load 10" 0.9
DCon12 Wall Load 5" 0.9
DCon12 Floor Finish 0.9
DCon12 Staircase 0.9
DCon12 Parapet 0.9
DCon12 Eqx -1.5
DCon13 Linear Add Yes Dead 0.9 Dead (min) + Static Earthquake [Strength]
DCon13 Wall Load 10" 0.9
DCon13 Wall Load 5" 0.9
DCon13 Floor Finish 0.9
DCon13 Staircase 0.9
DCon13 Parapet 0.9
DCon13 Eqy 1.5
DCon14 Linear Add Yes Dead 0.9 Dead (min) - Static Earthquake [Strength]
DCon14 Wall Load 10" 0.9
DCon14 Wall Load 5" 0.9
DCon14 Floor Finish 0.9
DCon14 Staircase 0.9
DCon14 Parapet 0.9
DCon14 Eqy -1.5
DCon15 Linear Add Yes Dead 1.2 Dead + Live + Response Spectrum [Strength]
DCon15 Live 1.2
DCon15 Wall Load 10" 1.2
DCon15 Wall Load 5" 1.2
DCon15 Floor Finish 1.2
DCon15 Staircase 1.2
DCon15 Live >= 3 1.2
DCon15 Live <3 1.2
DCon15 Parapet 1.2

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Name Type Is Auto Load Name SF Notes

DCon15 RSx 1.2
DCon16 Linear Add Yes Dead 1.2 Dead + Live + Response Spectrum [Strength]
DCon16 Live 1.2
DCon16 Wall Load 10" 1.2
DCon16 Wall Load 5" 1.2
DCon16 Floor Finish 1.2
DCon16 Staircase 1.2
DCon16 Live >= 3 1.2
DCon16 Live <3 1.2
DCon16 Parapet 1.2
DCon16 RSY 1.2
DCon17 Linear Add Yes Dead 1.5 Dead + Response Spectrum [Strength]
DCon17 Wall Load 10" 1.5
DCon17 Wall Load 5" 1.5
DCon17 Floor Finish 1.5
DCon17 Staircase 1.5
DCon17 Parapet 1.5
DCon17 RSx 1.5
DCon18 Linear Add Yes Dead 1.5 Dead + Response Spectrum [Strength]
DCon18 Wall Load 10" 1.5
DCon18 Wall Load 5" 1.5
DCon18 Floor Finish 1.5
DCon18 Staircase 1.5
DCon18 Parapet 1.5
DCon18 RSY 1.5
DCon19 Linear Add Yes Dead 0.9 Dead (min) + Response Spectrum [Strength]
DCon19 Wall Load 10" 0.9
DCon19 Wall Load 5" 0.9
DCon19 Floor Finish 0.9
DCon19 Staircase 0.9
DCon19 Parapet 0.9
DCon19 RSx 1.5
DCon20 Linear Add Yes Dead 0.9 Dead (min) + Response Spectrum [Strength]
DCon20 Wall Load 10" 0.9
DCon20 Wall Load 5" 0.9
DCon20 Floor Finish 0.9
DCon20 Staircase 0.9
DCon20 Parapet 0.9
DCon20 RSY 1.5

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Design
The design of reinforced concrete structural members includes selection of material properties
(grade of steel and concrete), shape and size of cross section, factor of safety and amount of
steel required. The design of reinforced concrete members is carried out using limit state
method as per IS 456: 2000. The limit state method is the modern and latest design
methodology. This method evolved around 1970’s. Limit state method is based on the concept
of multiple safety factors and attempts to provide adequate safety at the ultimate loads and
adequate serviceability at service loads.
For the design of the members IS 456:2000 and design aid SP 16 has been used. Footings have
been checked for vertical loads and moments developed at the base due to dead load and live
load only. Square footings have been adopted from seismic point of view that reversal stress
may occur. And footing beams are provided for column at foundation for more rigidity of
building and also need for the column located at boundary. Longitudinal reinforcement in
beams and columns has been calculated based on critical load combination among the thirteen
load combinations. Spacing of the shear reinforcement has been calculated as per the ductility
criteria as defined in IS 13920 -1993. Some sample designs are shown later on in this report.

Design Parameters
Followings factors are considered for earthquake resistant design of the building.

Story Drifts (Eqx)

Figure: Storey drift due to Eqx

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Table: Storey drift due to Eqx

Story Drifts (Eqy)

Figure: Storey drift due to Eqy

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Table: Storey drift due to Eqy

Maximum value of Story drift = 0.004*Story ht.

= 0.0468
It is seen that the story drift is within the safe limits

Model Results
Sufficient no of modes has been considered for the dynamic analysis of the building. Here
results for selected no of modes has been included.

Table: Modal Periods and Frequencies

Period
Case Mode UX UY UZ SumUX SumUY SumRX SumRY SumRZ
sec
Modal 1 0.36 0.0166 0.6686 0 0.0166 0.6686 0.2886 0.012 0.1032
Modal 2 0.343 0.7167 0.0399 0 0.7333 0.7085 0.2987 0.284 0.1404
Modal 3 0.293 0.0622 0.0863 0 0.7955 0.7948 0.2987 0.2848 0.801
Modal 4 0.164 0.0564 0.0398 0 0.8519 0.8346 0.4203 0.4462 0.8017
Modal 5 0.161 0.0266 0.0416 0 0.8785 0.8762 0.5584 0.5475 0.838
Modal 6 0.119 0.0016 0.0024 0 0.8801 0.8786 0.565 0.5518 0.8584
Modal 7 0.107 0.0282 0.0675 0 0.9083 0.946 0.802 0.6485 0.9161
Modal 8 0.1 0.0736 0.0389 0 0.9819 0.9849 0.9416 0.9211 0.9184
Modal 9 0.091 0.0147 0.0125 0 0.9966 0.9974 0.9879 0.9858 0.9986
Modal 10 0.035 2.578E-05 0 0 0.9966 0.9974 0.9879 0.9858 0.9986
Modal 11 0.029 3.87E-06 1.464E-05 0 0.9966 0.9974 0.988 0.986 0.9986
Modal 12 0.028 8.711E-06 4.982E-06 0 0.9966 0.9974 0.988 0.9879 0.9986

Table: Modal Load Participation Ratios

Static Dynamic
Case ItemType Item
% %
Modal Acceleration UX 100 99.66
Modal Acceleration UY 100 99.74
Modal Acceleration UZ 0 0

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Table: Modal Direction Factors

Period
Case Mode UX UY UZ RZ
sec
Modal 1 0.36 0.028 0.896 0 0.076
Modal 2 0.343 0.927 0.047 0 0.026
Modal 3 0.293 0.078 0.126 0 0.796
Modal 4 0.164 0.573 0.425 0 0.002
Modal 5 0.161 0.393 0.496 0 0.112
Modal 6 0.119 0.008 0.014 0 0.978
Modal 7 0.107 0.197 0.488 0 0.315
Modal 8 0.1 0.622 0.359 0 0.019
Modal 9 0.091 0.173 0.149 0 0.678
Modal 10 0.035 0.015 0.001 0 0.984
Modal 11 0.029 0.002 0.001 0 0.997
Modal 12 0.028 0.138 0.097 0 0.764

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Chapter 3 SAMPLE ANALYSIS RESULT AND SAMPLE DESIGN RESULT

SAMPLE ANALYSIS RESULT AND SAMPLE DESIGN RESULT

ETABS Concrete Frame Design

IS 456:2000 + IS 13920:2016 Column Section Design

Column Element Details Type: Ductile Frame (Summary)

Level Element Unique Name Section ID Combo ID Station Loc Length (mm) LLRF
Story2 C68 70 Column 700 x 700 DCon18 3300 3900 0.703

Section Properties
b (mm) h (mm) dc (mm) Cover (Torsion) (mm)
700 700 60 30

Material Properties
Ec (MPa) fck (MPa) Lt.Wt Factor (Unitless) fy (MPa) fys (MPa)
25000 25 1 500 500

Design Code Parameters

ɣC ɣS
1.5 1.15

Axial Force and Biaxial Moment Design For Pu , Mu2 , Mu3

Design Pu Design Mu2 Design Mu3 Minimum M2 Minimum M3 Rebar Area Rebar %
kN kN-m kN-m kN-m kN-m mm² %
303.6759 688.8828 309.0074 9.09 9.09 6915 1.41

Axial Force and Biaxial Moment Factors

K Factor Length Initial Moment Additional Moment Minimum Moment
Unitless mm kN-m kN-m kN-m
Major Bend(M3) 0.920565 3300 -127.7126 0 9.09
Minor Bend(M2) 0.862593 3300 -115.3045 0 9.09

Shear Design for Vu2 , Vu3

Shear Vu Shear Vc Shear Vs Shear Vp Rebar Asv /s
kN kN kN kN mm²/m
Major, Vu2 220.3185 283.8074 179.2005 220.3185 775.9
Minor, Vu3 353.2732 283.8074 179.2005 353.2732 775.9

Joint Shear Check/Design

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Joint Shear Shear Shear Shear Joint Shear

Force VTop Vu,Tot Vc Area Ratio
kN kN kN kN cm² Unitless
Major Shear, Vu2 0 0 642.6352 2450 4900 0.262
Minor Shear, Vu3 0 0 1016.5061 2450 4900 0.415

(1.4) Beam/Column Capacity Ratio

Major Ratio Minor Ratio
0.483 0.775

Additional Moment Reduction Factor k (IS 39.7.1.1)

Ag Asc Puz Pb Pu k
cm² cm² kN kN kN Unitless
4900 69.1 8105.5736 2791.3898 303.6759 1

Additional Moment (IS 39.7.1)

Consider Length Section KL/Depth KL/Depth KL/Depth Ma
Ma Factor Depth (mm) Ratio Limit Exceeded Moment (kN-m)
Major Bending (M3 ) Yes 0.846 700 4.34 12 No 0
Minor Bending (M2 ) Yes 0.846 700 4.067 12 No 0

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Sample Beam Design

ETABS Concrete Frame Design
IS 456:2000 + IS 13920:2016 Beam Section Design

Beam Element Details Type: Ductile Frame (Summary)

Level Element Unique Name Section ID Combo ID Station Loc Length (mm) LLRF
Story3 B125 279 Beam 400x500 DCon3 3250 3600 1

Section Properties
b (mm) h (mm) bf (mm) ds (mm) dct (mm) dcb (mm)
400 600 400 0 60 60

Material Properties
Ec (MPa) fck (MPa) Lt.Wt Factor (Unitless) fy (MPa) fys (MPa)
22360.68 20 1 500 500

Design Code Parameters

ɣC ɣS
1.5 1.15

Factored Forces and Moments

Factored Factored Factored Factored
Mu3 Tu Vu2 Pu
kN-m kN-m kN kN
-299.2171 53.6597 185.9651 8.1654

Design Moments, Mu3 & Mt

Factored Factored Positive Negative
Moment Mt Moment Moment
kN-m kN-m kN-m kN-m
-299.2171 78.9114 0 -378.1285

Design Moment and Flexural Reinforcement for Moment, Mu3 & Tu

Design Design -Moment +Moment Minimum Required
-Moment +Moment Rebar Rebar Rebar Rebar
kN-m kN-m mm² mm² mm² mm²
Top (+2 Axis) -378.1285 1883 0 1883 471
Bottom (-2 Axis) 0 942 0 0 942

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Shear Force and Reinforcement for Shear, Vu2 & Tu

Shear Ve Shear Vc Shear Vs Shear Vp Rebar Asv /s
kN kN kN kN mm²/m
292.5862 0 511.2836 162.3937 2623.72

Torsion Force and Torsion Reinforcement for Torsion, T u & VU2

Tu Vu Core b1 Core d1 Rebar Asvt /s
kN-m kN mm mm mm²/m
54.6743 183.9356 300 500 1417.81

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Sample Slab Design

SAMPLE SLAB DESIGN: TWO-WAY SLAB, 150MM THICKNESS (F8)
L c/c short = 3.6 m ly = 3.6 m Status
L c/c long = 3.6 m lx = 3.6 m
support width
0.4 m fck = 20 N/mm2
left =
support width
0.4 m fy = 500 N/mm2
right =
ly/lx = 1.000 Dia. Of Bar = 10 mm Two Way Slab
Overall depth of Slab (D) = 125 mm DEPTH OK
Effective depth (d) = 100 mm
Load Calculation
Dead Load of Slab = 3.125 KN/m2
Floor Finish = 1.5 KN/m2
Partition= 0 KN/m2
Total Dead Load = 4.625 KN/m2
Live Load = 5 KN/m2
Total Load = 9.625 KN/m2
Factored Load = 14.4375 KN/m2
Type of slab 1
αx- 0.06 Type of Slab Value
αy- 0.047 Interior Panels 1
αx+ 0.045 One Short Edge Discontinuous 2
αy+ 0.035 One Long Edge Discontinuous 3
Two Adjacent Edge Discontinuous 4
Two Short Edges Discontinuous 5
Mx- 11.2266 KNm Two Long Edges Discontinuous 6
My- 8.79417 KNm Three Edge Discontinuous (One Long Edge Cont.) 7
Mx+ 8.41995 KNm Three Edge Discontinuous (One Short Edge Cont.) 8
My+ 6.54885 KNm Four Edge Discontinuous 9

Check for Depth Due to Moment

dreq= 64.97 mm OK
Calculation of Area of Steel
Area Check Area Dia. Of bar Suggested Provide Provided
Calculated For Required Used Spacing Spacing Area
mm2 Min. Area mm2 mm mm mm mm2
Astx- 277 OK 277.31 8 181 150 335
Asty- 213.56761 OK 213.57 8 235 150 335
Astx+ 203.96222 OK 203.96 8 246 150 335
Asty+ 156.68589 OK 156.69 8 321 150 335
Minimum Area of Rebar = 150 mm2

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 A Report on Structural Analysis and Design of 15 Bedded Hospital

Check for Shear Force

Maximum Shear stress
2.8 KN/m
(Tcmax) =
Percent of Steel, p% = 0.27 %
Shear Strength Tc = 0.328 N/mm2
Nominal shear stress(Tv) = 0.3092958 From table 19 IS code
Overall Depth300 or More 275 250 225 200 175 150 or Less
K 1 1.05 1.1 1.15 1.2 1.25 1.3
k= 1.3
Shear Strength in Slabs, Tc'= 0.4264 N/mm2
Tv <
Check
Tc<tmax OK
Check for deflection
Pt % 0.27
fs = 294
K = 1.4 IS 456 : 2000 fig 4 page 38
(l/d)max = 36.4
(l/d)provided 34.5
Check SAFE

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 A Report on Structural Analysis and Design of 15 Bedded Hospital

Design of foundation
The purpose of the foundation is to effectively support the superstructure by transmitting the
applied load effects to the soil below, without exceeding the safe bearing capacity of the
superstructure by ensuring settlement of the structure is within tolerable limits, and as nearly
uniform as possible. The choice of the type of the foundation depends not only on the type of
the superstructure and the magnitude and types of reactions induced at the base of the
superstructure, but also on the nature of the soil strata on top of which the substructure is to be
founded. The foundation used for this building is isolated foundation. Bearing Capacity of Soil
is 125KN/m2.

Figure: Joint Reaction

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 A Report on Structural Analysis and Design of 15 Bedded Hospital

Isolated Footing design

Design Of Isolated Square Footing

Column Details
width b = 700.00 mm 0.70 m

Footing Details F1
Factored Axial Force= 1504.0 kN
00

Assumed Breadth B = 3.30 m

Width = 3.30 m
Assumed depth = 355.60 mm
Service Axial Force = 1002.6 kN
7
Cover= 50.00 mm
Diameter of bar used = 12.00 mm
Effective depth = 299.60 mm

Grade of Concrete: M20

Characteristic Compressive strength of M20= 20 N/m
m2
Grade of Steel: Fe500
Yield tensile strength of Fe500 Steel: 500 N/m
m2
Safe Bearing Capacity of Soil= 125.00 kN/m
2

Ru= 2.67 for M20 and Fe500

Size of Footing
Considering 10% Weight of Footing and Earth,
Weight of the Footing= 100.27 kN
Total Weight on the Soil= 1102.9 kN
3

Area required = 8.823 m2

Size Required= 2.970 m <

Provided.
Okay
Provided footing width= 1.680 m
Area Provided = 10.890 m2
0
Factored Net Upward Pressure (po)= 138.11 kN/m
2

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 A Report on Structural Analysis and Design of 15 Bedded Hospital

Design of the footing slab

Depth based on bending compression

The maximum bending moment acts on the face of the
column, and its magnitude is given by:

𝐁
𝐌 = 𝐩𝟎 × 𝟖 (𝐁 − 𝐛)𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎𝟔 N-mm

Factored Moment, MU 2.79E N-

+07 mm
Depth required = 78.80 mm <Provided
. Okay

Depth based on one-way shear

Note: The critical plane of one way shear is located at a
distance d from the face of the column

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 A Report on Structural Analysis and Design of 15 Bedded Hospital

Percentage reinforcement (p)= <=0.1 %

5
Permissible shear stress(τv)= 0.28 N/m
m2
Depth= 299.60 mm

Shear Force (Vu)= 44.18 kN

Nominal shear stress(τal)= 0.09 N/m (Sufficien
m2 t depth)

Depth based on two-way shear

Note: The critical plane of one way shear is located at a
distance d/2 from the face of the beam.

The width bo of the section

bo = b + d =300 + 314 mm = 999.60 mm

Permissible shear stress(τv)= 1.12 N/m

m2
Net Shear Force at periphery(Fu)= 251.80 kN
Nominal shear stress(τal)= 0.21 N/m
m2

Design of steel reinforcement

Ast for bending= 216.16 mm2

Min Ast for bending= 603.99 mm2

Provided Ast for bending= 603.99 mm2

Preferred bar diameter= 12.00 mm

Area of one 12mm diameter bar= 113.04 mm2

Number of bars required= 6.00 per

meter
Spacing of the bars= 250.00 mm

Hence Provide 12 mm diameter bars @ 250 mm spacing in both directions

Provided Ast= 759.62 mm2

9
Percentage of Ast provided for bending= 0.15 %

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 A Report on Structural Analysis and Design of 15 Bedded Hospital

Strap Footing Design

Combined Footing

1 Footing Size Design

Load 1 Pu1 747 KN

Load 2 Pu2 643 KN
Combine load Pcu 1390 KN
Design Load Pc 1019 KN

Moment in x dir Mux 0 KN-m

Moment in y dir Muy 0 KN-m

c/c dist b/w col in x dir 1.000 meters

c/c dist b/w col in y dir 0.000 meters

Col Dim x dir 0.70 meters

y dir 0.70 meters

SBC q 110 KNm2

Footing Size required A req 9.27 sqmm

L 2.50 meters
Footing Size Provided
B 3.80 meters
Area Provided A prvd 9.50 meters

x bar 0.463
y bar 0.000

Zx 6.02
Zx 3.96

Nup 107 KNm2

Footing Size OK

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 A Report on Structural Analysis and Design of 15 Bedded Hospital

2 Beam Design

Total Load W 107 KNm2

Factored Load Wu 612 KNm2

0.713
0.787 meters 1.000 meters meters

3.80 meters

2.50 meters

612 KNm2

0.79 meters 1.00 meters 0.71 meters

Beam Size width 600 mm

depth 900 mm

Moment Mb 898 KN-m

Design the beam from the BEAM DESIGN SHEET

Bottom Reinforcement
Area of
Type Bar dia Nos Steel
Layer 1 12 mm 2 226 sqmm
Layer 2 12 mm 2 226 sqmm
Layer 3 -
Total Steel Provided 452 sqmm

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 A Report on Structural Analysis and Design of 15 Bedded Hospital

Percentage of Steel 0.087 %

Top Reinforcement
Area of
Type Bar dia Nos Steel
Layer 1 12 mm 2 226 sqmm
Layer 2 12 mm 2 226 sqmm
Layer 3 -
Total Steel Provided 452 sqmm

3 Slab Design

Net upward pressure Nup 107 KNm2

/=width of footing from col
l 1.60 meters face

Bending Moment Ms 137 KN-m M=Nup*l2/2

Factored Moment Mus 206 KN-m 1.5*Ms

Concrete fck 20 MPa

Steel fy 415 MPa

Minimum Depth Required dmin 273 d=sqrt(Ms/Rumax*1000*b)

Depth Provided D 600 mm

Clear Cover c 50 mm
Effective Cover d' 56 mm
Effective Depth d' 544 mm

Spacing c/c in mm
Area of Steel across x dir 12# 16# 20#
1095 sqmm 103 c/c 184 c/c 287 c/c

Ast across x direction 12 mm dia @ 100 mm c/c 1131 sqmm

Dist Ast across y direction 8 mm dia @ 175 mm c/c 287 sqmm

4 Shear Check for Slab

Vu1 170 KN
ζv 0.312 MPa

ζc 0.327 MPa

Shear Check OK

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 A Report on Structural Analysis and Design of 15 Bedded Hospital

2.50 meters

3.80 meters 600 mm

0.8 meters 1.00 meters 0.7 meters

600 mm

2- 12 mm dia
2- 12 mm dia 2- 12 mm dia
900 mm

2- 12 mm dia
600 mm

250 mm

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A Report on Structural Analysis and Design of 15 Bedded Hospital

@ 100 mm
8 mm dia @ 175 mm c/c 12 mm dia
c/c

2- 12 mm dia
2- 12 mm dia

2- 12 mm dia
2- 12 mm dia

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 A Report on Structural Analysis and Design of 15 Bedded Hospital

Staircase Design
Design of staircase
Input parameters
Length of first ladning = 0 m
Length of second landing = 1.067 m
Going length = 2.4384 m
Width of staircase = 1.067 m
No . Of riser = 9 nos
No of tread = 8 nos
Riser = 150 mm
Tread = 300 mm
Grade of Concrete = 20
Grade of steel = 500
Modification Factor = 1.25
Thickness of marbe Finishing = 20 mm
Thickness of screed = 20 mm
Thickness of plaster = 12 mm
Unit Weight of marble = 26.5 KN/m3
Unit weigth of screed = 20.4 KN/m3
Unit weight of plaster = 20.4 KN/m3
Unit weight of concrete = 25 KN/m3
Live load = 5 KN/m2
Assumed bar diameter = 10 mm
Effective length of flight = 2.9719 m
Effective depth of slab (d) = 119 mm
Assume d = 140 mm
Total depth D = 160 mm
Dead Load calculation of steps and waist slab
Cross Sectional area of steps (A1) = 0.02 mm2
total No of steps for one flight = 9.00
Total area = 0.20
Dead load due to the steps = 2.22 KN/m
Dead load due to the waist slab = 4.27 KN
Dead load due to waist slab per m length = 2.18 KN/m
Live load on stair pe m length = 5.34 KN/m
Dead load due to floor finish (marble ) = 0.57 KN/m
dead load due to screed = 0.44 KN/m
Dead load due to plaster = 0.26 KN/m
Dead load +live load per m length on staircase on landing = 6.60 KN/m
Dead load +liveload on going per m length = 8.78 KN/m
Design load on landing = 16.49 KN/m
Design load on going = 21.95 KN/m
Max Bending moment at mid span of staircase = 24.2 KNm
Maximum resisting moment of section = 54.1 OK
Ast required for the given moment = 431 mm2
Diameter of the rod provided = 12
Area = 113
Spacing requied = 262
Provide 12 mm dia rod @ 150 mm c/c
Development length Ld = 680 mm

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 A Report on Structural Analysis and Design of 15 Bedded Hospital

Column Design summary

Column Design Summary

Col. Size
S.N. Designation 1st Floor 2nd Floor 3rd Floor
(mm)
1 E1 700 mm x 700 mm 4-25φ +16-20φ 20-16φ
2 F1 700 mm x 700 mm 8-25φ +12-20φ 20-16φ 20-16φ
3 G1 700 mm x 700 mm 8-25φ +12-20φ 20-16φ 20-16φ
4 H1 700 mm x 700 mm 20-20φ 20-16φ
5 I1 700 mm x 700 mm 20-20φ 20-16φ
6 J1 700 mm x 700 mm 20-20φ 20-16φ
7 K1 700 mm x 700 mm 20-20φ 20-16φ
8 E2 700 mm x 700 mm 4-25φ +16-20φ 20-16φ
9 F2 700 mm x 700 mm 4-25φ +16-20φ 20-16φ
10 G2 700 mm x 700 mm 20-20φ 20-16φ
11 H2 700 mm x 700 mm 16-20φ 8-16φ +8-20φ
12 I2 700 mm x 700 mm 16-20φ 8-16φ +8-20φ
13 J2 700 mm x 700 mm 16-20φ 8-16φ +8-20φ
14 K2 700 mm x 700 mm 16-20φ 8-16φ +8-20φ
15 E3 700 mm x 700 mm 4-25φ +16-20φ 20-16φ
16 F3 700 mm x 700 mm 12-25φ 8-20φ +4-25φ
17 G3 700 mm x 700 mm 16-20φ 8-16φ +8-20φ
18 H3 700 mm x 700 mm 8-20φ +4-25φ 12-20φ
19 I3 700 mm x 700 mm 16-20φ 8-16φ +8-20φ
20 J3 700 mm x 700 mm 16-20φ 8-16φ +8-20φ
21 K3 700 mm x 700 mm 12-25φ 6-25φ +6-20φ
22 E4 700 mm x 700 mm 16-20φ +4-25φ 20-16φ
23 F4 700 mm x 700 mm 12-25φ 6-25φ +6-20φ
24 G4 700 mm x 700 mm 12-25φ 6-25φ +6-20φ
25 H4 700 mm x 700 mm 12-25φ 6-25φ +6-20φ
26 I4 700 mm x 700 mm 8-25φ +12-20φ
27 J4 700 mm x 700 mm 4-25φ +16-20φ
28 K4 700 mm x 700 mm 4-25φ +16-20φ
29 G5 700 mm x 700 mm 4-25φ +16-20φ
H5 4-25φ +16-20φ
Note : Storey has been labeled from Plinth Level as (1st,2nd, 3rd)

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 A Report on Structural Analysis and Design of 15 Bedded Hospital

Beam design Summary

Beam Design Summary ( Bigger Block )

Top Reinforcement Bottom Reinforcement

Storey Grid Beam Size (mm) Stirrups
At Support At Mid At Support At Mid
Rebar Details of Primary Beam along Long Grid
1st 1-1 400 mm x 600 mm (5-16φ Th) + (3-20φ ex) (5-16φ Th) (5-16φ Th) (5-16φ Th) 10mm φ @4" c/c near joint and 6" at mid
2-2 400 mm x 600 mm (5-16φ Th) + (3-20φ ex) (5-16φ Th) (7-16φ Th) (7-16φ Th) 10mm φ @4" c/c near joint and 6" at mid
3-3 400 mm x 600 mm (5-16φ Th) + (3-20φ ex) (5-16φ Th) (7-16φ Th) (7-16φ Th) 10mm φ @4" c/c near joint and 6" at mid
4-4 400 mm x 600 mm (5-16φ Th) + (3-20φ ex) (5-16φ Th) (5-16φ Th) (5-16φ Th) 10mm φ @4" c/c near joint and 6" at mid
5-5 400 mm x 600 mm (5-16φ Th) + (3-20φ ex) (5-16φ Th) (5-16φ Th) (5-16φ Th) 10mm φ @4" c/c near joint and 6" at mid
2nd 1-1 400 mm x 600 mm (5-16φ Th) + (2-20φ ex) (5-16φ Th) (5-16φ Th) (5-16φ Th) 10mm φ @4" c/c near joint and 6" at mid
2-2 400 mm x 600 mm (5-16φ Th) + (2-20φ ex) (5-16φ Th) (5-16φ Th) (5-16φ Th) 10mm φ @4" c/c near joint and 6" at mid
3-3 400 mm x 600 mm (5-16φ Th) + (2-20φ ex) (5-16φ Th) (5-16φ Th) (5-16φ Th) 10mm φ @4" c/c near joint and 6" at mid
4-4 400 mm x 600 mm (5-16φ Th) + (2-20φ ex) (5-16φ Th) (5-16φ Th) (5-16φ Th) 10mm φ @4" c/c near joint and 6" at mid
Rebar Details of Primary Beam along Short Grid
1st E-E 400 mm x 600 mm (5-16φ Th) + (3-20φ ex) (5-16φ Th) (5-16φ Th) (5-16φ Th) 10mm φ @4" c/c near joint and 6" at mid
F-F 400 mm x 600 mm (5-16φ Th) + (3-20φ ex) (5-16φ Th) (6-16φ Th) (6-16φ Th) 10mm φ @4" c/c near joint and 6" at mid
G-G 400 mm x 600 mm (5-16φ Th) + (3-20φ ex) (5-16φ Th) (6-16φ Th) (6-16φ Th) 10mm φ @4" c/c near joint and 6" at mid
H-H 400 mm x 600 mm (5-16φ Th) + (3-20φ ex) (5-16φ Th) (6-16φ Th) (6-16φ Th) 10mm φ @4" c/c near joint and 6" at mid
I-I 400 mm x 600 mm (5-16φ Th) + (3-20φ ex) (5-16φ Th) (6-16φ Th) (6-16φ Th) 10mm φ @4" c/c near joint and 6" at mid
J-J 400 mm x 600 mm (5-16φ Th) + (3-20φ ex) (5-16φ Th) (6-16φ Th) (6-16φ Th) 10mm φ @4" c/c near joint and 6" at mid
K-K 400 mm x 600 mm (5-16φ Th) + (3-20φ ex) (5-16φ Th) (5-16φ Th) (5-16φ Th) 10mm φ @4" c/c near joint and 6" at mid
2nd E-E 400 mm x 600 mm (5-16φ Th) + (3-20φ ex) (5-16φ Th) (5-16φ Th) (5-16φ Th) 10mm φ @4" c/c near joint and 6" at mid
F-F 400 mm x 600 mm (5-16φ Th) + (3-20φ ex) (5-16φ Th) (5-16φ Th) (5-16φ Th) 10mm φ @4" c/c near joint and 6" at mid
G-G 400 mm x 600 mm (5-16φ Th) + (3-20φ ex) (5-16φ Th) (5-16φ Th) (5-16φ Th) 10mm φ @4" c/c near joint and 6" at mid
H-H 400 mm x 600 mm (5-16φ Th) + (3-20φ ex) (5-16φ Th) (5-16φ Th) (5-16φ Th) 10mm φ @4" c/c near joint and 6" at mid
I-I 400 mm x 600 mm (5-16φ Th) + (3-20φ ex) (5-16φ Th) (5-16φ Th) (5-16φ Th) 10mm φ @4" c/c near joint and 6" at mid
J-J 400 mm x 600 mm (5-16φ Th) + (3-20φ ex) (5-16φ Th) (5-16φ Th) (5-16φ Th) 10mm φ @4" c/c near joint and 6" at mid
K-K 400 mm x 600 mm (5-16φ Th) + (3-20φ ex) (5-16φ Th) (5-16φ Th) (5-16φ Th) 10mm φ @4" c/c near joint and 6" at mid

Rebar Details of Secondary Beam along Long Grid

All Secondary Beam along
1st All
Longer Grid Beam along
Secondary 300mmx400mm (2-16φ Th) + (2-16φ ex) (3-16 φ Th) (3-16 φ Th) (3-16 φ Th) 8mm φ @4" c/c near joint and 6" at mid
2nd Longer Grid 300mmx400mm (2-16φ Th) + (2-16φ ex) (3-16 φ Th) (3-16 φ Th) (3-16 φ Th) 8mm φ @4" c/c near joint and 6" at mid
Rebar Details of Secondary Beam along Short Grid
All Secondary Beam along
1st Longer Grid 300mmx400mm (2-16φ Th) + (2-16φ ex) (3-16 φ Th) (3-16 φ Th) (3-16 φ Th) 8mm φ @4" c/c near joint and 6" at mid
All Secondary Beam along
2nd Longer Grid 300mmx400mm (3-16 φ Th) (3-16 φ Th) (3-16 φ Th) (3-16 φ Th) 8mm φ @4" c/c near joint and 6" at mid

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 A Report on Structural Analysis and Design of 15 Bedded Hospital

Chapter 4 : ANNEXES, CONCULSION AND REFRENCES

Annexes

Figure: Grid View

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A Report on Structural Analysis and Design of 15 Bedded Hospital

Figure: Section assignment at Storey 1st

Figure: Section assignment at storey 2nd

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A Report on Structural Analysis and Design of 15 Bedded Hospital

Figure: Section assignment at storey 3rd

Figure: Section assignment in 3-D

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 A Report on Structural Analysis and Design of 15 Bedded Hospital

Reinforcements of Beam and Columns

Figure: Column/Beam Rebar Details at elevation 1-1

Figure: Column/Beam Rebar Details at elevation 2-2

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A Report on Structural Analysis and Design of 15 Bedded Hospital

Figure: Column/Beam Rebar Details at elevation 3-3

Figure: Column/Beam Rebar Details at elevation 4-4

Figure: Column/Beam Rebar Details at elevation 5-5

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A Report on Structural Analysis and Design of 15 Bedded Hospital

Figure: Axial Force Diagram

Figure: Shear Force Diagram

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A Report on Structural Analysis and Design of 15 Bedded Hospital

Figure: Bending Moment Diagram

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A Report on Structural Analysis and Design of 15 Bedded Hospital

Figure: Story Drift due to Eqx

Figure: Storey Drift Eqy

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A Report on Structural Analysis and Design of 15 Bedded Hospital

Figure: Model Verification in Etabs

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A Report on Structural Analysis and Design of 15 Bedded Hospital

Figure: Concrete Member Check

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 A Report on Structural Analysis and Design of 15 Bedded Hospital

Conclusion
Ductility and strength required to resist major earthquake can be achieved by following the
recommendations made in the standard codes of practice for earthquake resistant design. After
the analysis of the building components, the building is found to be safe against the loads
considered above. All the sections are found to be stressed within the permissible limits due to
axial, shear, flexural and torsional forces produced due to above forces. The slab and
foundations were checked manually. Shear stirrups is sufficiently provided so that none of the
elements are Vulnerable to shear failure and failure mode will be flexural, which is more
ductile. Bearing capacity of the soil is assumed to be 125 KN/m2. It is strongly recommended
to check the bearing capacity before construction so as to ensure the assumed value is within
safe limits. The structural safety would further depend upon the effectiveness of construction
procedures as well as collapse and serviceability criteria followed during the construction
phases.
Design and construction of the structure are inter – related jobs. A building behaves in a manner
how it has been built rather than what the intensions is during designing. A large percentage of
structural failures are attributed due to poor quality of construction. Therefore, quality
assurance is needed in both design and construction. Durable M20 concrete has been used in
the foundation which is in contact with the soil. M20 grade of concrete is used during analysis
and design for Beams, slab and design for columns. Ductile detailing has been extensively
adopted while detailing.

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References
• IS: 456 – 2000 Code of Practice for Plain and Reinforced Concrete

• IS: 875 (Parts 1-5) Code of practice for design loads (other than earthquake) for buildings and structures
(second revision) Part 1 – Dead loads Part 2 – Imposed loads

• NBC 105: 1994 Seismic Design of Buildings in Nepal

• IS: 1893 – 2002 Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures

• IS: 13920 - 1993 Ductile Detailing of Reinforced Concrete Structures subjected to Seismic forces - Code
of Practice

• SP: 16 – 1980 Design Aids for Reinforced Concrete to IS: 456 – 1978

• SP: 34 – 1987

• Jain, A.K.

• Handbook on Concrete Reinforcement Detailing

• Reinforced Concrete, Limit State Design, fifth edition, Nem Chand and Bros, Rookie, 1999
Sinha, S. N.

• Pillai,U.C. and Menon,D.

• Reinforced Concrete Design, Second edition, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Company Ltd, New Delhi,
1996

• Reinforced Concrete Design, Second edition, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Company Ltd, New Delhi,
2003

…………………………The End ……………………………….

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 A REPORT ON
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF 15 BEDDED
HOSPITAL (SMALL BLOCK)
 4/25/2021

Table of Content
Chapter 1 GENERAL DATA AND LOAD CALCULATION ............................................................ 4
Introduction ....................................................................................................................................... 4
Description of the Building ............................................................................................................... 5
Relevant Codes followed ................................................................................................................... 6
Basic Principal of Analysis of the structure Step for earthquake load .............................................. 6
Basic Principal of Design of Foundation ........................................................................................... 6
Software used for Analysis and Design ............................................................................................. 6
Concrete and Steel Grade .................................................................................................................. 6
Preliminary Design for proportioning of the Structural Elements .................................................... 6
Chapter 2 MODELLING, ANALYIS AND DESIGN ......................................................................... 7
Modeling ............................................................................................................................................ 7
Design Methods of Structural Elements .......................................................................................... 10
Limit State Method .......................................................................................................................... 10
Analysis ........................................................................................................................................... 10
Load Cases ....................................................................................................................................... 11
Load Combination ........................................................................................................................... 11
Dead Loads ...................................................................................................................................... 11
Live Loads ....................................................................................................................................... 11
Seismic Analysis.............................................................................................................................. 12
Load Pattern ..................................................................................................................................... 17
Mass Source ..................................................................................................................................... 17
Functions ......................................................................................................................................... 17
Load Cases ....................................................................................................................................... 18
Load Combinations.......................................................................................................................... 18
Design .............................................................................................................................................. 22
Design Parameters ........................................................................................................................... 22
Story Drifts (Eqx) ............................................................................................................................ 22
Story Drifts (Eqy) ............................................................................................................................ 23
Model Results .................................................................................................................................. 24
Chapter 3 SAMPLE ANALYSIS RESULT AND SAMPLE DESIGN RESULT SAMPLE
ANALYSIS RESULT AND SAMPLE DESIGN RESULT .............................................................. 26
Sample Beam Design....................................................................................................................... 26
Sample Slab Design ......................................................................................................................... 28

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Design of foundation ....................................................................................................................... 33

Column Design summary ................................................................................................................ 33
Beam design Summary .................................................................................................................... 34
Chapter 4 : ANNEXES, CONCULSION AND REFRENCES .......................................................... 35
Annexes ........................................................................................................................................... 35
Reinforcements of Beam and Columns ........................................................................................... 37
Conclusion ....................................................................................................................................... 44
References ....................................................................................................................................... 45

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 4/25/2021

Chapter 1 GENERAL DATA AND LOAD CALCULATION

Introduction
The basic aim of the structural design is to build a structure, which is safe, fulfilling the intended
purpose during its estimated life span, economical in terms of initial and maintenance cost, durable
and also maintaining a good aesthetic appearance. A building is considered to be structurally sound,
if the individual elements and the building as a whole satisfy the criteria for strength, stability and
serviceability and in seismic areas additional criteria for ductility and energy absorption capabilities.
The overall building must be strong enough to transfer all loads through the structure to the ground
without collapsing or losing structural integrity by rupture of the material at the critical sections, by
transformation of the whole or parts into mechanisms or by instability. This strength criterion is valid
for all loads that will normally be applied to the building during its lifetime. Accidents, overloading
and disasters are not directly related to design. However, concern is needed for the structure to have
structural integrity. A building needs to be designed for all loads acting on it. Detailed structural
designs are carried out and working drawings are to be prepared. Safety is the prime concern of the
structural design. Serviceability and economy are other basic requirements that are to be considered
during structural design. The building should be designed not only for vertical loads, but also for
horizontal loads such as wind and earthquake loads. A building and its structural elements must be
strong enough to transfer all the loads acting on it safely to the ground. It should be able to withstand
all loads acting on it.

Nepal lies in seismically vulnerable zone. It is located in the boundary of the two colliding tectonic
plates- the Indian plate (Indo-Australian Plate) and the Tibetan plate (Eurasian Plate) which is known
as “Subduction Zone”. Records of earthquakes are available in Nepal since 1955 A.D. Those records
reveal that Nepal was hit by 18 major earthquakes since then, resulting in huge loss of life and property.
Out of these earthquakes, the 1833 and 1934 earthquakes were the most destructive ones.

Designing building against earthquake forces does not mean that we are making the building proof
against it. Although we can design such robust structure, it would be too expensive to build, it would
be far cheaper to rebuild the building again instead of making it completely earthquake proof. The
structures are generally designed for much lower seismic forces than what it may actually experience
during its life time. Since the structure is expected to undergo damage in the event of a severe shaking,
reliance is placed on the inelastic response of the structure beyond yield.

Therefore, structures have to be ductile and capable of dissipating energy through inelastic actions.
Ductility can be achieved by avoiding brittle modes of failures. Brittle modes of failures include, shear
and bond failure. Thus, structures should be designed on Weak Beam-Strong column philosophy.

The structural design alone is not enough to ensure the safety of the building, equally important, is its
construction. The role of the contractor is of paramount importance as he is the one to execute the
construction work at the site. He is required to execute the work according to the drawings supplied
by the consultant to him and detailing has to be carefully followed. A large percentage of failure of
the building is attributed to poor quality of construction. Past experiences from damages have shown
that quality of material and workmanship plays an important role in good seismic behavior of the
buildings. Hence, quality assurance in construction is expected to gain good seismic performance.

Page 4 of 45
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Description of the Building

This is a Three storied Residential building which include a ground floor and first floor. The floor to
floor height is 3.900 m. The building plan is rectangular in shape. The maximum height of the building
is 11.700m.

Table1. 1 Description of the Building

Basic Data
General Features
Project Structural Report on Institutional Building
Architectural features
Type of Building Institutional Building
Number of floors 2 Storey
Height of storey 2.0 m
Total Height of Building 5.4 m
No. of Staircase 1 no.
Wall and Partition Masonry walls/Dry walls
Structural Features
Structural system RCC Frame Structure
Foundation Type Isolated Footing, Combined
Column size 450mm x 450mm
Beam Size 300mm x 400mm
Slab 125 mm Overall Depth,
Geotechnical Features
Soil Type Type II
Seismic Zone V (as per IS 1893-2002)
Allowable Bearing Capacity 125 KN/m3
Material
Grade of Concrete M20 for beam, column, slab and footing.
Grade of Steel Fe500
Unit weight of Concrete 25 KN/m3
Unit weight of Masonry wall 19 KN/m3
Young’s Modulus of Elasticity 5000√𝑓𝑐𝑘
Poisson’s Ratio 0.2 for concrete
0.3 for rebar

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Relevant Codes followed

IS 456-2000: For Design of Structural Elements
SP 16: For Design Aid
SP 34: For Detailing
IS 1893-2002: Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures

Basic Principal of Analysis of the structure Step for earthquake load

1. Earthquake load with Seismic Coefficient Method (IS 1893-2002)

Basic Principal of Design of Foundation

1. Isolated Footing and strap footing to support the structure.

Software used for Analysis and Design

a. ETABS 2016
b. Custom Software

Concrete and Steel Grade

Concrete Grade = M20 for Foundation, Beams, slab and for Column
Steel Grade = Fe500
Preliminary Design for proportioning of the Structural Elements
The tentative sizes of the Structural elements are determined through preliminary design so that after
analysis, the presumed dimensions may not deviate considerably, thus making the final design both
safe and economical. The tentative sizes have been determined as follows:

Slab: From Deflection Criteria [Effective Depth = Effective Shorter Span / (26 * MF)]

Beam: For Practical rule as 25mm Depth for 300mm of Span covering deflection criteria

Column: From evaluation of approximate gravity loading coming up to the critical Column.
To compensate for the possible eccentric Loading and earthquake loads the size is increased by about
25 % in design.

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Chapter 2 MODELLING, ANALYIS AND DESIGN

Modeling
The structural system is designed as a Special Moment Resisting Frame structure. Therefore, main
components to be modeled are: Beams, Columns & Slabs. The analysis software used for modeling
the structure is the ETABS 2016.

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Figure 2. 1 Grid of Building

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Figure 2.2 Rendered View of Buildings in Etabs

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Design Methods of Structural Elements

We have followed Indian Standard Code of Practice for Plain and Reinforced Concrete,
IS: 456 -2000 for design of Structural Elements. This incorporates the two methods of Structural
Design of RC structures specified as:

a. Working Stress Method based on the Working loads in conjunction with permissible stresses in the
materials.
b. Limit State Method based on safety and serviceability requirements associated with the design
loads and design strengths of the materials. These design loads and design strengths are obtained
by applying partial safety factors for characteristic loads and strengths of the materials concrete
and steel.

We have followed the limit state method which is incorporated in IS: 456-2000. It is consistent with
the new philosophy of design termed limit state approach which was incorporated in the Russian Code
– 1954, the British code BS 8110 – 1985 and the American Code ACI 318 – 1989.

Limit State Method

The Limit State method of design covers the various forms of failure. There are several Limit State at
which the structure ceases to function, the most important among them being,

a. The limit state of collapse or total failure of structure.

It corresponds to the maximum load carrying capacity. Violation of collapse implies failure. This limit
state corresponds to Flexure, Compression, Shear and Torsion.

b. The limit state of serviceability which includes excessive deflection and excessive local damage.

Analysis
The analysis has been carried out using a standard software package Etabs2016 based on finite element
method. The software is capable of carrying out a Three-dimensional analysis. It is windows-based
software. It has a user-friendly graphical input and output interface. It can account for the rigid zones
at the beam - column junction. It has a capability to create a special joint at any grid intersection. The
program has a facility to create shell elements also. Shell elements can be used for the analysis of
Slabs and Shear walls. A full 3D finite element model using frame and shell elements can also be
created using ETABS.
A Three-Dimensional Linear elastic analysis has been carried out. Structure is assumed to be fixed at
the Plinth level. The masonry wall load is distributed in the beams as uniformly distributed loads. The
beams are modeled as rectangular beams. A model based on Rigid Diaphragm Concept has been
considered. This is done by creating a special joint at the center of mass of each floor level and
constraining all the joints at this level by a diaphragm constraint.

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Load Cases
Following loads have been considered in the analysis of the building as per IS 456-2000 and
IS1893:2002.

1. Dead Load (DL)

2. Live Load (LL)
3. Earthquake Load in +ve X-direction (EQx)
4. Earthquake Load in -ve X-direction (-EQx)
5. Earthquake Load in +ve Y-direction (EQy)
6. Earthquake Load in -ve Y-direction (-EQy)

Load Combination
Following load combinations have been adopted as per IS 1893-2002.
1.5(DL+LL)
1.2(DL+LL±EL)
1.5(DL±EL)
0.9DL±1.5EL where, DL = Dead Load
LL = Live Load
EL = Earthquake Load

Dead Loads
Dead loads are assumed to be produced by slab, beams, columns, walls, parapet walls, staircase,
plasters and mortars, Floor finish and water tank. The weight of building materials is taken as per IS
875(Part 1)-1987).

Specific weight of materials [Ref: IS: 875(Part 1)-1987)]

Materials Unit weight
Reinforced Concrete 25 KN/m3
Brick Masonry 19 KN/m3
Floor Finishing (Screeding & Punning) 23 KN/m3
Cement Sand Plaster 20 KN/m3+
Floor Finishing (Marble) 26 KN/m3

Live Loads
Live loads are applied on floor slabs on the basis of usage of rooms, as specified in IS 875 part II.
Rooms 2 KN/m2
Toilet/Bathrooms/Kitchens 2 KN/m2
Balcony/Stairs 3 KN/m2
Terrace/Roof 1.5 KN/m2

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Seismic Analysis

IS1893 2002 Auto Seismic Load Calculation

This calculation presents the automatically generated lateral seismic loads for load pattern Eqx
according to IS1893 2002, as calculated by ETABS.
Direction and Eccentricity

Direction = Multiple
Eccentricity Ratio = 5% for all diaphragms
Structural Period

Period Calculation Method = User Specified

User Period T = 0.474 sec

Factors and Coefficients

Seismic Zone Factor, Z [IS Table 2] Z = 0.36

Response Reduction Factor, R [IS Table
R=5
7]
Importance Factor, I [IS Table 6] I = 1.5
Site Type [IS Table 1] = II

Seismic Response

Spectral Acceleration Coefficient, Sa /g Sa Sa

= 2.5 = 2.5
[IS 6.4.5] g g

Equivalent Lateral Forces

Sa
ZI
Seismic Coefficient, Ah [IS 6.4.2] g
Ah =
2R

Calculated Base Shear

Period Used W Vb
Direction
(sec) (kN) (kN)
X 0.474 415.4997 56.0925
X + Ecc. Y 0.474 415.4997 56.0925
X - Ecc. Y 0.474 415.4997 56.0925

Applied Story Forces

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Story Elevation X-Dir Y-Dir

m kN kN
Story2 6.4 0 0
Story1 5.4 56.0925 0
Base 0 0 0

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 A Report on Structural Analysis and Design of 15 Bedded Hospital

IS1893 2002 Auto Seismic Load Calculation

This calculation presents the automatically generated lateral seismic loads for load pattern Eqy
according to IS1893 2002, as calculated by ETABS.
Direction and Eccentricity

Direction = Multiple
Eccentricity Ratio = 5% for all diaphragms
Structural Period

Period Calculation Method = User Specified

User Period T = 0.474 sec

Factors and Coefficients

Seismic Zone Factor, Z [IS Table 2] Z = 0.36

Response Reduction Factor, R [IS Table
R=5
7]
Importance Factor, I [IS Table 6] I = 1.5
Site Type [IS Table 1] = II

Seismic Response

Spectral Acceleration Coefficient, Sa /g Sa Sa

= 2.5 = 2.5
[IS 6.4.5] g g

Equivalent Lateral Forces

Sa
ZI
Seismic Coefficient, Ah [IS 6.4.2] g
Ah =
2R

Calculated Base Shear

Period Used W Vb
Direction
(sec) (kN) (kN)
Y 0.474 415.4997 56.0925
Y + Ecc. X 0.474 415.4997 56.0925
Y - Ecc. X 0.474 415.4997 56.0925

Applied Story Forces

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Story Elevation X-Dir Y-Dir

m kN kN
Story2 6.4 0 0
Story1 5.4 0 56.0925
Base 0 0 0

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Table: Base Shear Calculation Sheet

AS PER IS 1893: 2002

Remarks
Height of the building (m) 5.4 m
Important factor 1.50
Seismic Weight (W) 415.4997 KN
Soil Type (II) 2.00 Medium Soil
Time Period in X direction
(T) 0.075*(H)3/4 0.47 Sec
Average response acceleration coefficient (Sa/g) 2.500
Response reduction factor.
R 5.00
Seismic zone factor (Z) 0.3600
Design horizontal seismic coefficient (Ah) 0.135
Design seismic base shear (VB) 56.0925 KN

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Load Pattern
Table: Load Patterns

Is Auto Self Weight

Name Type Auto Load
Load Multiplier

Dead No Dead 1
Eqx No Seismic 0 IS1893 2002
Eqx(1/3) Yes Seismic 0 IS1893 2002
Eqx(2/3) Yes Seismic 0 IS1893 2002
Eqx(3/3) Yes Seismic 0 IS1893 2002
Eqy No Seismic 0 IS1893 2002
Eqy(1/3) Yes Seismic 0 IS1893 2002
Eqy(2/3) Yes Seismic 0 IS1893 2002
Eqy(3/3) Yes Seismic 0 IS1893 2002
Floor Finish No Dead 0
Live No Live 0
Live <3 No Live 0
Live >= 3 No Live 0
Parapet No Dead 0
Staircase No Dead 0
Wall Load 10" No Dead 0
Wall Load 5" No Dead 0

Mass Source
Table: Mass Source

Name Is Include Include Lump Source Source Source Move Mass Load Pattern Multiplier
Default Lateral Vertical Mass? Self Added Load Centroid?
Mass? Mass? Mass? Mass? Patterns?
MsSrc1 Yes Yes No Yes No No Yes No Dead 1
MsSrc1 Wall Load 10" 1
MsSrc1 Wall Load 5" 1
MsSrc1 Floor Finish 1
MsSrc1 Live >= 3 0.5
MsSrc1 Live <3 0.25
MsSrc1 Parapet 1

Functions
Response Spectrum Functions

Name Period Value Z Soil Damping

sec Type Ratio
ISRS 0 0.36 0.36 II 0.05
ISRS 0.1 0.9
ISRS 0.55 0.9
ISRS 0.8 0.612
ISRS 1 0.4896
ISRS 1.2 0.408
ISRS 1.4 0.349714
ISRS 1.6 0.306

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ISRS 1.8 0.272

ISRS 2 0.2448
ISRS 2.5 0.19584
ISRS 3 0.1632
ISRS 3.5 0.139886
ISRS 4 0.1224
ISRS 4.5 0.1224
ISRS 5 0.1224
ISRS 5.5 0.1224
ISRS 6 0.1224
ISRS 6.5 0.1224
ISRS 7 0.1224
ISRS 7.5 0.1224
ISRS 8 0.1224
ISRS 8.5 0.1224
ISRS 9 0.1224
ISRS 9.5 0.1224
ISRS 10 0.1224

Load Cases
Name Type
Modal Modal - Eigen
Dead Linear Static
Live Linear Static
Wall Load 10" Linear Static
Wall Load 5" Linear Static
Floor Finish Linear Static
Staircase Linear Static
Live >= 3 Linear Static
Live <3 Linear Static
Eqx Linear Static
Eqy Linear Static
Parapet Linear Static
RSx Response Spectrum
RSY Response Spectrum

Load Combinations
Name Type Is Auto Load Name SF Notes
DCon1 Linear Add Yes Dead 1.5 Dead [Strength]
DCon1 Wall Load 10" 1.5
DCon1 Wall Load 5" 1.5
DCon1 Floor Finish 1.5
DCon1 Staircase 1.5
DCon1 Parapet 1.5
DCon2 Linear Add Yes Dead 1.5 Dead + Live [Strength]
DCon2 Live 1.5
DCon2 Wall Load 10" 1.5

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Name Type Is Auto Load Name SF Notes

DCon2 Wall Load 5" 1.5
DCon2 Floor Finish 1.5
DCon2 Staircase 1.5
DCon2 Live >= 3 1.5
DCon2 Live <3 1.5
DCon2 Parapet 1.5
DCon3 Linear Add Yes Dead 1.2 Dead + Live + Static Earthquake [Strength]
DCon3 Live 1.2
DCon3 Wall Load 10" 1.2
DCon3 Wall Load 5" 1.2
DCon3 Floor Finish 1.2
DCon3 Staircase 1.2
DCon3 Live >= 3 1.2
DCon3 Live <3 1.2
DCon3 Parapet 1.2
DCon3 Eqx 1.2
DCon4 Linear Add Yes Dead 1.2 Dead + Live - Static Earthquake [Strength]
DCon4 Live 1.2
DCon4 Wall Load 10" 1.2
DCon4 Wall Load 5" 1.2
DCon4 Floor Finish 1.2
DCon4 Staircase 1.2
DCon4 Live >= 3 1.2
DCon4 Live <3 1.2
DCon4 Parapet 1.2
DCon4 Eqx -1.2
DCon5 Linear Add Yes Dead 1.2 Dead + Live + Static Earthquake [Strength]
DCon5 Live 1.2
DCon5 Wall Load 10" 1.2
DCon5 Wall Load 5" 1.2
DCon5 Floor Finish 1.2
DCon5 Staircase 1.2
DCon5 Live >= 3 1.2
DCon5 Live <3 1.2
DCon5 Parapet 1.2
DCon5 Eqy 1.2
DCon6 Linear Add Yes Dead 1.2 Dead + Live - Static Earthquake [Strength]
DCon6 Live 1.2
DCon6 Wall Load 10" 1.2
DCon6 Wall Load 5" 1.2
DCon6 Floor Finish 1.2
DCon6 Staircase 1.2
DCon6 Live >= 3 1.2
DCon6 Live <3 1.2
DCon6 Parapet 1.2
DCon6 Eqy -1.2
DCon7 Linear Add Yes Dead 1.5 Dead + Static Earthquake [Strength]
DCon7 Wall Load 10" 1.5
DCon7 Wall Load 5" 1.5
DCon7 Floor Finish 1.5
DCon7 Staircase 1.5
DCon7 Parapet 1.5
DCon7 Eqx 1.5

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Name Type Is Auto Load Name SF Notes

DCon8 Linear Add Yes Dead 1.5 Dead - Static Earthquake [Strength]
DCon8 Wall Load 10" 1.5
DCon8 Wall Load 5" 1.5
DCon8 Floor Finish 1.5
DCon8 Staircase 1.5
DCon8 Parapet 1.5
DCon8 Eqx -1.5
DCon9 Linear Add Yes Dead 1.5 Dead + Static Earthquake [Strength]
DCon9 Wall Load 10" 1.5
DCon9 Wall Load 5" 1.5
DCon9 Floor Finish 1.5
DCon9 Staircase 1.5
DCon9 Parapet 1.5
DCon9 Eqy 1.5
DCon10 Linear Add Yes Dead 1.5 Dead - Static Earthquake [Strength]
DCon10 Wall Load 10" 1.5
DCon10 Wall Load 5" 1.5
DCon10 Floor Finish 1.5
DCon10 Staircase 1.5
DCon10 Parapet 1.5
DCon10 Eqy -1.5
DCon11 Linear Add Yes Dead 0.9 Dead (min) + Static Earthquake [Strength]
DCon11 Wall Load 10" 0.9
DCon11 Wall Load 5" 0.9
DCon11 Floor Finish 0.9
DCon11 Staircase 0.9
DCon11 Parapet 0.9
DCon11 Eqx 1.5
DCon12 Linear Add Yes Dead 0.9 Dead (min) - Static Earthquake [Strength]
DCon12 Wall Load 10" 0.9
DCon12 Wall Load 5" 0.9
DCon12 Floor Finish 0.9
DCon12 Staircase 0.9
DCon12 Parapet 0.9
DCon12 Eqx -1.5
DCon13 Linear Add Yes Dead 0.9 Dead (min) + Static Earthquake [Strength]
DCon13 Wall Load 10" 0.9
DCon13 Wall Load 5" 0.9
DCon13 Floor Finish 0.9
DCon13 Staircase 0.9
DCon13 Parapet 0.9
DCon13 Eqy 1.5
DCon14 Linear Add Yes Dead 0.9 Dead (min) - Static Earthquake [Strength]
DCon14 Wall Load 10" 0.9
DCon14 Wall Load 5" 0.9
DCon14 Floor Finish 0.9
DCon14 Staircase 0.9
DCon14 Parapet 0.9
DCon14 Eqy -1.5
DCon15 Linear Add Yes Dead 1.2 Dead + Live + Response Spectrum [Strength]
DCon15 Live 1.2
DCon15 Wall Load 10" 1.2
DCon15 Wall Load 5" 1.2

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Name Type Is Auto Load Name SF Notes

DCon15 Floor Finish 1.2
DCon15 Staircase 1.2
DCon15 Live >= 3 1.2
DCon15 Live <3 1.2
DCon15 Parapet 1.2
DCon15 RSx 1.2
DCon16 Linear Add Yes Dead 1.2 Dead + Live + Response Spectrum [Strength]
DCon16 Live 1.2
DCon16 Wall Load 10" 1.2
DCon16 Wall Load 5" 1.2
DCon16 Floor Finish 1.2
DCon16 Staircase 1.2
DCon16 Live >= 3 1.2
DCon16 Live <3 1.2
DCon16 Parapet 1.2
DCon16 RSY 1.2
DCon17 Linear Add Yes Dead 1.5 Dead + Response Spectrum [Strength]
DCon17 Wall Load 10" 1.5
DCon17 Wall Load 5" 1.5
DCon17 Floor Finish 1.5
DCon17 Staircase 1.5
DCon17 Parapet 1.5
DCon17 RSx 1.5
DCon18 Linear Add Yes Dead 1.5 Dead + Response Spectrum [Strength]
DCon18 Wall Load 10" 1.5
DCon18 Wall Load 5" 1.5
DCon18 Floor Finish 1.5
DCon18 Staircase 1.5
DCon18 Parapet 1.5
DCon18 RSY 1.5
DCon19 Linear Add Yes Dead 0.9 Dead (min) + Response Spectrum [Strength]
DCon19 Wall Load 10" 0.9
DCon19 Wall Load 5" 0.9
DCon19 Floor Finish 0.9
DCon19 Staircase 0.9
DCon19 Parapet 0.9
DCon19 RSx 1.5
DCon20 Linear Add Yes Dead 0.9 Dead (min) + Response Spectrum [Strength]
DCon20 Wall Load 10" 0.9
DCon20 Wall Load 5" 0.9
DCon20 Floor Finish 0.9
DCon20 Staircase 0.9
DCon20 Parapet 0.9
DCon20 RSY 1.5

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Design
The design of reinforced concrete structural members includes selection of material properties
(grade of steel and concrete), shape and size of cross section, factor of safety and amount of
steel required. The design of reinforced concrete members is carried out using limit state
method as per IS 456: 2000. The limit state method is the modern and latest design
methodology. This method evolved around 1970’s. Limit state method is based on the concept
of multiple safety factors and attempts to provide adequate safety at the ultimate loads and
adequate serviceability at service loads.
For the design of the members IS 456:2000 and design aid SP 16 has been used. Footings have
been checked for vertical loads and moments developed at the base due to dead load and live
load only. Square footings have been adopted from seismic point of view that reversal stress
may occur. And footing beams are provided for column at foundation for more rigidity of
building and also need for the column located at boundary. Longitudinal reinforcement in
beams and columns has been calculated based on critical load combination among the thirteen
load combinations. Spacing of the shear reinforcement has been calculated as per the ductility
criteria as defined in IS 13920 -1993. Some sample designs are shown later on in this report.

Design Parameters
Followings factors are considered for earthquake resistant design of the building.

Story Drifts (Eqx)

Figure: Storey drift due to Eqx

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Table: Storey drift due to Eqx

Story Drifts (Eqy)

Figure: Storey drift due to Eqy

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Table: Storey drift due to Eqy

Maximum value of Story drift = 0.004*Story ht.

= 0.0216
It is seen that the story drift is within the safe limits

Model Results
Sufficient no of modes has been considered for the dynamic analysis of the building. Here
results for selected no of modes has been included.

Table: Modal Periods and Frequencies

Period
Case Mode UX UY UZ SumUX SumUY SumRX SumRY SumRZ
sec
Modal 1 0.36 0.0166 0.6686 0 0.0166 0.6686 0.2886 0.012 0.1032
Modal 2 0.343 0.7167 0.0399 0 0.7333 0.7085 0.2987 0.284 0.1404
Modal 3 0.293 0.0622 0.0863 0 0.7955 0.7948 0.2987 0.2848 0.801
Modal 4 0.164 0.0564 0.0398 0 0.8519 0.8346 0.4203 0.4462 0.8017
Modal 5 0.161 0.0266 0.0416 0 0.8785 0.8762 0.5584 0.5475 0.838
Modal 6 0.119 0.0016 0.0024 0 0.8801 0.8786 0.565 0.5518 0.8584
Modal 7 0.107 0.0282 0.0675 0 0.9083 0.946 0.802 0.6485 0.9161
Modal 8 0.1 0.0736 0.0389 0 0.9819 0.9849 0.9416 0.9211 0.9184
Modal 9 0.091 0.0147 0.0125 0 0.9966 0.9974 0.9879 0.9858 0.9986
Modal 10 0.035 2.578E-05 0 0 0.9966 0.9974 0.9879 0.9858 0.9986
Modal 11 0.029 3.87E-06 1.464E-05 0 0.9966 0.9974 0.988 0.986 0.9986
Modal 12 0.028 8.711E-06 4.982E-06 0 0.9966 0.9974 0.988 0.9879 0.9986

Table: Modal Load Participation Ratios

Static Dynamic
Case ItemType Item
% %
Modal Acceleration UX 100 99.66
Modal Acceleration UY 100 99.74
Modal Acceleration UZ 0 0

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Table: Modal Direction Factors

Period
Case Mode UX UY UZ RZ
sec
Modal 1 0.36 0.028 0.896 0 0.076
Modal 2 0.343 0.927 0.047 0 0.026
Modal 3 0.293 0.078 0.126 0 0.796
Modal 4 0.164 0.573 0.425 0 0.002
Modal 5 0.161 0.393 0.496 0 0.112
Modal 6 0.119 0.008 0.014 0 0.978
Modal 7 0.107 0.197 0.488 0 0.315
Modal 8 0.1 0.622 0.359 0 0.019
Modal 9 0.091 0.173 0.149 0 0.678
Modal 10 0.035 0.015 0.001 0 0.984
Modal 11 0.029 0.002 0.001 0 0.997
Modal 12 0.028 0.138 0.097 0 0.764

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Chapter 3 SAMPLE ANALYSIS RESULT AND SAMPLE DESIGN RESULT

SAMPLE ANALYSIS RESULT AND SAMPLE DESIGN RESULT

ETABS Concrete Frame Design

IS 456:2000 + IS 13920:2016 Column Section Design

Column Element Details Type: Ductile Frame (Summary)

Level Element Unique Name Section ID Combo ID Station Loc Length (mm) LLRF
Story1 C25 42 Col 450 x450 DCon20 5000 5400 1

Section Properties
b (mm) h (mm) dc (mm) Cover (Torsion) (mm)
450 450 60 30

Material Properties
Ec (MPa) fck (MPa) Lt.Wt Factor (Unitless) fy (MPa) fys (MPa)
25000 25 1 500 500

Design Code Parameters

ɣC ɣS
1.5 1.15

Axial Force and Biaxial Moment Design For Pu , Mu2 , Mu3

Design Pu Design Mu2 Design Mu3 Minimum M2 Minimum M3 Rebar Area Rebar %
kN kN-m kN-m kN-m kN-m mm² %
68.3465 -26.1099 -2.4878 1.7087 1.7087 1620 0.8

Axial Force and Biaxial Moment Factors

K Factor Length Initial Moment Additional Moment Minimum Moment
Unitless mm kN-m kN-m kN-m
Major Bend(M3) 0.784932 5000 1.8656 0 1.7087
Minor Bend(M2) 0.763882 5000 13.8085 0 1.7087

Shear Design for Vu2 , Vu3

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Shear Vu Shear Vc Shear Vs Shear Vp Rebar Asv /s

kN kN kN kN mm²/m
Major, Vu2 40.7618 86.6302 70.2003 40.7618 498.8
Minor, Vu3 27.2935 86.6302 70.2003 27.2935 498.8

Joint Shear Check/Design

Joint Shear Shear Shear Shear Joint Shear

Force VTop Vu,Tot Vc Area Ratio
kN kN kN kN cm² Unitless

Major Shear, Vu2 0 29.1155 255.2337 1012.5 2025 0.252

Minor Shear, Vu3 0 19.4954 170.901 1012.5 2025 0.169

(1.4) Beam/Column Capacity Ratio

Major Ratio Minor Ratio
0.51 0.341

Additional Moment Reduction Factor k (IS 39.7.1.1)

Ag Asc Puz Pb Pu k
cm² cm² kN kN kN Unitless
2025 16.2 2885.625 975.3784 68.3465 1

Additional Moment (IS 39.7.1) (Part 1 of 2)

Consider Length Section KL/Depth KL/Depth KL/Depth
Ma Factor Depth (mm) Ratio Limit Exceeded
Major Bending (M3 ) Yes 0.926 450 8.721 12 No
Minor Bending (M2 ) Yes 0.926 450 8.488 12 No

Additional Moment (IS 39.7.1) (Part 2 of 2)

Ma
Moment (kN-m)
0
0

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Sample Beam Design

ETABS Concrete Frame Design
IS 456:2000 + IS 13920:2016 Beam Section Design

Beam Element Details Type: Ductile Frame (Summary)

Level Element Unique Name Section ID Combo ID Station Loc Length (mm) LLRF
Story1 B91 76 Beam 300x400 DCon20 4570.2 4788.1 1

Section Properties
b (mm) h (mm) bf (mm) ds (mm) dct (mm) dcb (mm)
300 400 300 0 60 60

Material Properties
Ec (MPa) fck (MPa) Lt.Wt Factor (Unitless) fy (MPa) fys (MPa)
22360.68 20 1 500 500

Design Code Parameters

ɣC ɣS
1.5 1.15

Factored Forces and Moments

Factored Factored Factored Factored

Mu3 Tu Vu2 Pu
kN-m kN-m kN kN

-9.7615 0.1772 13.4573 -43.6766

Design Moments, Mu3 & Mt

Factored Factored Positive Negative

Moment Mt Moment Moment
kN-m kN-m kN-m kN-m

-9.7615 0.2432 0 -10.0047

Design Moment and Flexural Reinforcement for Moment, Mu3 & Tu

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Design Design -Moment +Moment Minimum Required

-Moment +Moment Rebar Rebar Rebar Rebar
kN-m kN-m mm² mm² mm² mm²

Top (+2 Axis) -10.0047 219 50 127 219

Bottom (-2 Axis) 0 219 50 0 219

Shear Force and Reinforcement for Shear, Vu2 & Tu

Shear Ve Shear Vc Shear Vs Shear Vp Rebar Asv /s
kN kN kN kN mm²/m
32.8765 0 40.8 20.0675 332.53

Torsion Force and Torsion Reinforcement for Torsion, T u & VU2

Tu Vu Core b1 Core d1 Rebar Asvt /s
kN-m kN mm mm mm²/m
0.2169 13.4573 200 300 0

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Sample Slab Design

Design of restrained two

way slabs (Two Adjecent
Edges Discontinuous
Grid A2-A3 to B2B3)
Given
Shorter length (lx)= 4.75 m
longer dimension (ly) = 2.25 m
ly/lx = 0.47 <2
fck = 20 N/mm2
fy = 500 N/mm2
clear cover = 15 mm

1.Thickness of slab
assume the overall depth (D)= 125 mm 5
then deff.= 106 mm

2.Calculation of Design loads :

Dead loads
i. slab 3.125 kN/m
ii.Floor finish (25mm thick ) 0.6 kN/m
iii. Plaster(6mm) 0.144 kN/m
iv. Wall load (4'' wall) 6.22 kN/m
total dead loads 10.09 kN/m

live loads 2 kN/m

Design loads = 18.14 kN/m 1.5(LL+DL)

3. Tyes of slab
Two Long Edges
Discontinuous
From table 26 , IS 456:2000
larger span,
shorter span ,αx αy
ly/lx = 0.47 0.47
neagative moments
coefficient 0.00 0.045
positive moments coefficient 0.00 0.035

Shorter span
support moments = 0.065 kN-m

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span moments = 0.689 kN-m

Design Moment(Mx)= 0.689 kN-m
larger span
support moments = 18.415 kN-m
span moments = 14.322 kN-m
Design Moment(My)= 18.415 kN-m
Max moments (Mmax)= 18.415 kN-m

4. Check depth
d=√(Mmax/0.1336fck b) 83.02 mm
Check effective Depth ok
5. Area of steel
Ast min= 0.12% 150 mm2
Along short span
d= 106 mm
for neg. steel , take support moment
x/d = 1.2-√(1.2^2-(6.6Mu/fckbd^2))
6.6Mu/fckbd^2 = 0.002
now, x/d = 0.001 <0.48 ok
lever arm,Z = 105.965 mm
less than Ast
Astx= 1.402 mm2 min
so,use Astx = 150.000 mm2
use 8 mm dia bar, As= 78.540 mm2 10 mm
spacing required 523.598 mm 318 mm(3d) or 300mm
provide 8mm dia bar @ 150 mm c/c ok
ast provided = 523.60 mm2 >Astmin

Along long span

d' = 96 mm
for neg. steel , take support moment
x/d = 1.2-√(1.2^2-(6.6Mu/fckbd^2))
6.6Mu/fckbd^2 = 0.659
now, x/d = 0.316 <0.48 ok
lever arm,Z = 83.361 mm
Asty= 507.816 mm2 ok
so, use Astx = 507.816399 mm2
use 8mm dia bar, As= 78.540 mm2 10 mm
spacing required 154.662 mm 288 mm(3d) or 300mm
provide 8mm dia bar @ 150 mm c/c ok
ast provided = 523.598 mm2 >Astmin

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6. Check for shear

choose critical value
Vu= 43.075 kN
Tv = 0.449 N/mm2
100Ast/bd = 0.49 %
from table 19,P 73 IS 456 :2000 ,Tc = 0.477 N/mm2
k= 1.3
kTc= 0.62 N/mm2
if Tv <kTc ,then ok ok

7. Check for deflection at short edge

max positive steel area 523.60 mm2
percentage of tensile steel 0.494 %
fs= 0.58*fy (Ast reqd/Ast provided) 6.895 N/mm2
modifaction factor 1.1
(l/d)calculated = 38.5 mm
(l/d)actual= 38.00 mm
(l/d)ass. <(l/d)cal. Then ok ok

Summary :
steel grade Fe500
concrete grade M20
clear cover 15 mm
use 10mm dia bar @ 150mm c/c along short span at supports
use 10mm dia bar @ 150mm c/c along short span at mid span
use 10mm dia bar @ 150mm c/c along long span at supports
use 10mm dia bar @ 150mm c/c along long span at mid span
overall depth of slab = 125 mm

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Design of foundation
The purpose of the foundation is to effectively support the superstructure by transmitting the
applied load effects to the soil below, without exceeding the safe bearing capacity of the
superstructure by ensuring settlement of the structure is within tolerable limits, and as nearly
uniform as possible. The choice of the type of the foundation depends not only on the type of
the superstructure and the magnitude and types of reactions induced at the base of the
superstructure, but also on the nature of the soil strata on top of which the substructure is to be
founded. The foundation used for this building is isolated foundation. Bearing Capacity of Soil
is 125KN/m2.

Column Design summary

Column Design Summary

Col. Size
S.N. Designation 1st Floor 2nd Floor
(mm)
1 All Column 450mm x 450 mm 4-16φ +4-20φ 4-16φ +4-20φ

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Beam design Summary

Beam Design Summary

Top Reinforcement Bottom Reinforcement

Storey Grid Beam Size (mm) Stirrups
At Support At Mid At Support At Mid
Rebar Details of Primary Beam along Long Grid
1st All Grid 400 mm x 600 mm (3-16φ Th) (3-16φ Th) (3-16φ Th) (3-16φ Th) 8mm φ @4" c/c near joint and 6" at mid
2nd All Grid 400 mm x 600 mm (3-16φ Th) (3-16φ Th) (3-16φ Th) (3-16φ Th) 8mm φ @4" c/c near joint and 6" at mid

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Chapter 4 : ANNEXES, CONCULSION AND REFRENCES

Annexes

Figure: Grid View

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Figure: Section assignment in 3-D

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Reinforcements of Beam and Columns

Figure: Column/Beam Rebar Details in elevation 3-D

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Figure: Axial Force Diagram

Figure: Shear Force Diagram

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Figure: Bending Moment Diagram

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Figure: Story Drift due to Eqx

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Figure: Storey Drift Eqy

Figure: Model Verification in Etabs

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Figure: Concrete Member Check

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Conclusion
Ductility and strength required to resist major earthquake can be achieved by following the
recommendations made in the standard codes of practice for earthquake resistant design. After
the analysis of the building components, the building is found to be safe against the loads
considered above. All the sections are found to be stressed within the permissible limits due to
axial, shear, flexural and torsional forces produced due to above forces. The slab and
foundations were checked manually. Shear stirrups is sufficiently provided so that none of the
elements are Vulnerable to shear failure and failure mode will be flexural, which is more
ductile. Bearing capacity of the soil is assumed to be 125 KN/m2. It is strongly recommended
to check the bearing capacity before construction so as to ensure the assumed value is within
safe limits. The structural safety would further depend upon the effectiveness of construction
procedures as well as collapse and serviceability criteria followed during the construction
phases.
Design and construction of the structure are inter – related jobs. A building behaves in a manner
how it has been built rather than what the intensions is during designing. A large percentage of
structural failures are attributed due to poor quality of construction. Therefore, quality
assurance is needed in both design and construction. Durable M20 concrete has been used in
the foundation which is in contact with the soil. M20 grade of concrete is used during analysis
and design for Beams, slab and design for columns. Ductile detailing has been extensively
adopted while detailing.

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References
• IS: 456 – 2000 Code of Practice for Plain and Reinforced Concrete

• IS: 875 (Parts 1-5) Code of practice for design loads (other than earthquake) for buildings and structures
(second revision) Part 1 – Dead loads Part 2 – Imposed loads

• NBC 105: 1994 Seismic Design of Buildings in Nepal

• IS: 1893 – 2002 Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures

• IS: 13920 - 1993 Ductile Detailing of Reinforced Concrete Structures subjected to Seismic forces - Code
of Practice

• SP: 16 – 1980 Design Aids for Reinforced Concrete to IS: 456 – 1978

• SP: 34 – 1987

• Jain, A.K.

• Handbook on Concrete Reinforcement Detailing

• Reinforced Concrete, Limit State Design, fifth edition, Nem Chand and Bros, Rookie, 1999
Sinha, S. N.

• Pillai,U.C. and Menon,D.

• Reinforced Concrete Design, Second edition, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Company Ltd, New Delhi,
1996

• Reinforced Concrete Design, Second edition, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Company Ltd, New Delhi,
2003

…………………………The End ……………………………….

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