Question 1

The diagram below is an illustration showing the different tissue types in three plant organs.

(a) Define a tissue.

(1 mark)
(b) Complete the table below by stating the tissue corresponding to each letter and by describing
the primary function of each tissue.

Letter Tissue Primary function

(6 marks)
Question 2
The diagram below shows the structure of a dicot.

(a) Name the organ systems labelled A and B in the diagram.

A: B:
(2 marks)
(b) Name two organs in system A.

(2 marks)
(c) Briefly describe each of the structures identified in the table below.

Structure Description

Node

Internode

Blade

Petiole

Axillary bud

Terminal bud
(6 marks)
Question 3
The image below is a colourised TEM of cells in a plant leaf.

(a) Complete the table below by stating the cell structure corresponding to each letter and by
describing the primary function of each structure.

Letter Structure Primary function

Stores DNA which is used to synthesise the proteins that
A Nucleus
carry out life processes in the cell.

(6 marks)
(b) Structure D has several pores.
(1) Name the pores in structure D.

(1 mark)
(2) State the function of the pores in structure D.

(1 mark)
(c) State one difference in the structures of leaf and root cells and give a reason.

(2 marks)
Question 4
The dagram below shows the opening and closing of a stoma in the leaves of a plant.

(a) Carbon dioxide diffuses into leaves through stomata.

(1) State the function of carbon dioxide in leaves.

(1 mark)
(2) Name two other gases that diffuse through a stoma.

(2 marks)
(b) A stoma opens when potassium ions (K+) move into guard cells.
(1) Name and explain the process by which potassium ions move into guard cells.

(2 marks)
(2) Describe the opening of a stoma after potassium moves into guard cells.

(2 marks)
(3) Describe the closing of a stoma using the diagram above.

(2 marks)
Question 5
The diagram below shows the uptake of water from soil.

(a) Name and describe the process by which water diffuses into roots from the soil.

(2 marks)

(b) State the function of roots hairs.

(1 mark)
(c) Acidic soils cause a decrease in the length of roots and root hairs.
Explain why the growth rate of plants decreases in acidic soils.

(2 marks)

(d) Explain why root cells shrink in volume when soil becomes dry.

(2 marks)
(e) Water is transported from roots to leaves in vascular tissue.
State one function of water in leaves.

(1 mark)
Question 6
The diagram below is an illustration of a cross-section in a leaf.

(a) State the function of the following components of a leaf:

(1) Palisade and spongy mesophyll.

(1 mark)
(2) Xylem.

(1 mark)
(3) Phloem.

(1 mark)
(4) Cuticle.

(1 mark)
(b) Leaves contain pores called stomata.
(1) State the composition of a stoma.

(1 mark)
(2) State the function of stomata.

(1 mark)
Question 7
The diagram below shows the diffusion of different materials within a plant.

(a) Plants require water for their survival.

(1) State two functions of water in plants that are shown in the diagram.

(2 marks)
(2) Name the type of vascular tissue that transports water from roots to leaves.

(1 mark)
(b) Sugars are transported from leaves to roots in the diagram.
(1) State the function of sugar in root cells.

(1 mark)
(2) Name the type of vascular tissue that transports sugar from leaves to roots.

(1 mark)
Question 8
The diagram below describes the flow of water through a tree.

(a) Describe three forces that transport water through xylem vessels.

(3 marks)
(b) Transpiration is essential to the flow of water through xylem vessels.
(1) Define transpiration.

(1 mark)
(2) Explain how transpiration facilitates the flow of water through xylem vessels.

(2 marks)
Question 9
The diagram below describes the flow of phloem from source to sink cells.

(a) Describe and explain the transport of phloem from source to sink cell.

(4 marks)
(b) Source cells contain a high concentration of sugar.
(1) State why source cells are usually located in leaves.

(1 mark)
(2) State the time of year when root cells function as source cells.

(1 mark)
(3) State one difference between the transport of xylem and phloem in plants.

(1 mark)
Question 10
The diagram below illustrates the process of sexual reproduction in flowering plants.

(a) Complete the table below by naming the components labelled A-E and stating their function.

Component Name Function

A
B
C
D
E
(10 marks)
(b) Sexual reproduction involves pollination and fertilisation.
(1) Describe pollination.

(2 marks)
(2) Describe fertilisation in flowering plants.

(2 marks)
(c) Describe the process of germination that produces a seedling.

(2 marks)