F a c t o r s A ff e c ti n g t h e I n v o l v e m e n t … | 1

FACTORS AFFECTING THE INVOLVEMENT OF THE PNP PERSONNEL IN

E-SABONG: IMPLICATION TO THE PERFORMANCE

OF THEIR DUTY

An Undergraduate Thesis

Presented to the Faculty of

The College of Criminal Justice Education

PHINMA Araullo University

Cabanatuan City

In Partial Fulfillment

Of the Requirements for the Degree of

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CRIMINOLOGY

By:

Adrao, Erika Pie, P.

Garcia, Deus, C.

Marco, Arjhel, V.

Yambot, Imee Rose, G.

March, 2023
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ii

APPROVAL SHEET

This research entitled “FACTORS AFFECTING THE INVOLVEMENT OF

PNP PERSONNEL IN E-SABONG; IMPLICATION TO THE PERFORMANCE

OF THEIR DUTY.” Prepared and submitted by ERIKA PIE P. ADRAO, DEUS C.

GARCIA, ARJHEL V MARCO, and IMEE ROSE, G. YAMBOT. In partial

fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Criminology is

hereby recommended for acceptance and approval for

FINAL ORAL EXAMINATION

______________ ______________________________________
Date ARVELO M. VICENTE, MSCrim
Thesis Adviser
Approved and accepted during final oral examination held on _____________
with a grade of ____________
PANEL OF ORAL EXAMINERS
______________________________
DR. MAY V. MIGUEL, RCrim
Chairman
______________________________________ ____________________________
MHAREN JOY TIBIG-SIMBULAS, MCJE JESSIE B. SIMBULAS, MCJE
Member Member
Accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of
Bachelor of Science in Criminology.

______________________________________
Dr. BAYANI H. SALAMANCA, RCrim
Dean, College of Criminal Justice Education
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iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First of all, the researchers would like to take this opportunity to give their
acknowledgement and gratitude to the following people for their help and support.
Without them, the researchers might not meet their objectives in conducting their study.

The researchers would like to thank first, the ALMIGHTY GOD for giving them
wisdom, strength, and patience throughout the process of this research study, wherein
they were able to conquer all the struggles and problems come while doing their study.

To the authors of the books and reference materials consulted in the preparation
of the study.

To Research Adviser, Ms. Arvelo M. Vicente, who always there, for giving
nonstop advices, recommendation, and ideas to support this research study, and
especially for the guidance to surpass all the trials encountered during the writing process
of the manuscript.

To the Dean of CCJE, Dr. Bayani H. Salamanca, for his kind permission to
conduct this study and for his indispensable guidance to finish the study.

To Research instructors in CRI-191 and CR1-194 Dr. May V. Miguel and Mr.
Jessie B. Simbulas for giving them enough knowledge, support, supervision and
determination to pursue their study and make it possible.

To the Chairman, Dr. May V. Miguel, and members of the panel Mrs. Mharen Joy
Tibig-Simbulas and Mr. Jessie B. Simbulas for their insightful comments, suggestion and
intellectual guidance for the improvement of this study.

To the Barangay Officials who have been supported this research study and for
giving their perception in answering the questionnaires without any hesitation.

And most importantly, the researchers would like to express their appreciation to
the family and friends for the love and for lifting them up whenever they feel exhausted.
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The Researchers

iv
DEDICATION

This study is wholeheartedly dedicated to our beloved parents, who have been

there for us from the very beginning, continually provide and support us financially and

emotionally.

To our beloved professors for their endlessly effort to support, guidance, patience

and for sharing their knowledge throughout the conduct of this study.

Above all, researchers dedicated this study to the great Almighty God for giving

us strength, power, wisdom and determination until we finished all of these. All praise

and thanks are for you Almighty God.

This research study sincerely and humbly dedicated to all of you.

The Researchers
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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

Title Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i

Approval Sheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ii

Acknowledgement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii

Dedication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv

Table of Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v

List of Tables . . . . . . . … . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii

List of Figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . viii

Abstract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix

Chapter

1. The Problem and its Setting

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Setting of the Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Conceptual Framework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Statement of the Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

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Significance of the Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Scope and Limitation of the Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Definition of Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

2. Review of Related Literatures and Studies

Foreign Literatures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Local Literatures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Foreign Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . 19

Local Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . 22

Relevance of the Reviewed Literatures and Studies

to the Present Study . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

3. Research Methodology

Research Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . 24

Respondents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Sampling Procedure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 25

Research Instrument . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 25

Data Gathering Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 26

Statistical Treatment of Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

4. Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation of Data

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Sub-problem No.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 30

Sub-problem No.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . 35

Sub-problem No. 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

Sub-problem No.4 .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

5. Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations

Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

Summary of Findings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . 47

Recommendations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 48

Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Appendices

A-Request to Gather Data . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

B-Letter to the Respondents . .. . . .. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

C-Questionnaire Checklist . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

D-Curriculum Vitae. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .

E-Documentation. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .

F- Certification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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LIST OF TABLES

Tables Page

1. Demographic Profile of the Respondents

1.1 Distribution of the Respondents in Terms of Age . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

1.2 Distribution of the Respondents in Terms of Gender . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31

1.3 Distribution of the Respondents in Terms of Civil Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

1.4 Distribution of the Respondents in Terms of Educational Background . . . . .33

1.5 Distribution of the Respondents in Terms of Years in Service . . . . . . . . . . . 34

2. Assessment of the respondents on the Factors affecting the involvement of PNP

personnel in e-sabong as perceive by the respondents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . … . 35

3. Assessment of the respondents on the effects of e-sabong to the performance of PNP

personnel in their duties as perceive by the respondents. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

4. Proposed action plan to prevent the involvement of PNP personnel in E-sabong. . . . 41

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viii

LIST OF FIGURES

Figures

Page

Figure 1. Map of the Setting of the Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Figure 2. Paradigm of the Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

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ABSTRACT

Title : FACTORS AFFECTING THE INVOLVEMENT OF PNP

PERSONNEL IN E-SABONG: IMPLICATION TO

THE PERFORMANCE OF THEIR DUTY

Researchers : ERIKA PIE P. ADRAO

DEUS C. GARCIA

ARJHEL V. MARCO

IMEE ROSE, G. YAMBOT

Degree : BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CRIMINOLOGY

School : PHINMA ARAULLO UNIVERSITY

Year : 2022-2023

Adviser : ARVELO M. VICENTE, MSCrim

INTRODUCTION

Cockfighting is an age-old practice in which two or more specially bred birds,

known as gamecocks, are placed in an enclosed pit to fight for the primary purposes of

gambling and entertainment. In March 2020, as a precautionary measure to combat the

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COVID-19 virus, the government placed the country in a comprehensive lockdown. All

the land cockfighting events were henceforth banned. And this is where the electronic-

sabong started.

Nowadays, electronic-sabong is one of the popular online games which can earn

money through winnings. Since the involvement of electronic-sabong is already present

in an online platform, people saw this game as an alternative to their income. In terms of

losing and winning, including the risk of betting less or betting more money is seriously

alarming because of the rising addiction among people who patronize it. When this online

game becomes popular, several people are engaging in this kind of action. Specifically,

the Philippine National Police (PNP) personnel, who also find this as a pastime and stress

reliever. Some people saw this gambling as trying their luck for betting money in this e-

sabong.

Furthermore, there are several factors affecting PNP personnel in engaging with

e-sabong in Cabanatuan City, Nueva Ecija. Due to the 24 hrs duty in the office, they

spending their few hours to get rid their boredom. In the comfort it brings some PNP

personnel come up to be abusive and focused in spending their time playing instead of

spending it for their duty. PNP Personnel used to play e-sabong because they saw it as an

alternative income if their bets win. Even though it provides many benefits it still may

affect the performance of their duties.

It is for this reason that the researchers were attempted to investigate the factors

affecting the involvement of PNP personnel in e-sabong and the effect of e-sabong to the

performance of their duty.

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The study assessed the factors affecting the involvement of PNP personnel in e-

sabong in the implication of the performance on their duty in Cabanatuan City.

Specifically, it sought to answer the following sub-problems:

1. How may the socio-demographic profile of the respondents be described

in terms of:

1.1 Age;

1.2 Gender;

1.3 Civil Status;

1.4 Educational Attainment; and

1.5Years in Service?

2. What are the factors affecting the involvement of PNP personnel in e-

sabong as perceive by the respondents?

3. How e-sabong affect the performance of PNP personnel in their duties as

perceive by the respondents?

4. From the findings of study, what action plan may be proposed to prevent

the involving of PNP personnel in E-sabong?

METHODOLOGY

The research design used by the researchers was a descriptive method of research

by using questionnaire checklist to know the Factors Affecting the Involvement of PNP

Personnel in e-sabong in the Implication on the Performance of their duty. Descriptive

method or research refers to the method that describe the characteristics of the variables

of the study (Voxco, 2021).

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Descriptive method of research is useful in conducting research that aims to find

new truth. Descriptive method of research was used in this study considering it is the

most appropriate method in conducting the research.

The type of descriptive design method use was a survey method, wherein it

includes recording the answer of the respondents through surveys or questionnaires.

Surveys were generally used to collect feedback from the respondents. One of the

advantages of the survey is it is not a hassle for the respondents and they are free to

answer the questionnaire without being shy about their response. Also it can be

conducted through online or offline that’s why it saves more time. Furthermore, the

reason why the survey method was used is because it is the most appropriate descriptive

design to be used in this study. It can collect large amounts of data in a limited span of

time.

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

1. Socio-Demographic Profile of the Respondents.

1.1. In terms of the Age of the respondents are from age bracket of 46

years old and above with the ranked of first and the frequency of 24 or 48%. And

in the age bracket falls in 36 to 40 years old with the ranked of second with the

frequency of 1 or 2%.

As the result of the findings, majority of the respondents are in adulthood

wherein they are capable to answer the questions properly that corresponds on

their experiences in life and observation based on the occurrence in the society.
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1.2 In terms of the Gender of the respondents were male with the ranked

first with the frequency of 31 or 62%. However, the female respondents show in

ranked of second with the frequency of 19 or 38%.

Majority of the barangay officials are males. Therefore, males are most

likely elected as a leader because male are more dominant in society by the means

of public sight they are sensible on what is happening in the society just like the

involvement of PNP personnel in e-sabong. Furthermore, majority of the players

in cockfighting was males meaning the respondents can relate in this problem.

1.3 In terms of the Civil Status of the respondents are married with the

frequency of 43 or 86% ranked as first. However, single respondents with the

frequency of 3 or 6% falls in the ranked of third.

As can be seen in findings, majority of the respondents are married. The

researchers believed that the respondents can relate on the factors why the PNP

personnel involve in e-sabong because of the money they can get through playing

e-sabong especially it is easy to play and easy to access also the enjoyment that

can get through playing e-sabong while doing nothing or for entertainment

purposes.

1.4 In terms of the Educational Background of the respondents on their

educational background the ranked first was undergraduate with the frequency of

21 or 42%. However, the respondents are high school graduate and with the

frequency of 10 or 20% falls on the ranked of third.

As the result of the findings majority of the respondents are college

undergraduate. The researcher believed that the respondents can help and provide
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their perception about the involvement of PNP personnel in e-sabong and how it

affects their performance the fact that they more knowledgeable, and always

notice about what is happening in the society that related to their position and the

problem like involvement of the public official in gambling they are the suitable

respondents. Moreover, the respondents will help the researcher to provide more

suitable solution in their study because of the capability of the respondents based

on their educational attainment.

1.5 In terms of the Years in Service of the respondents are in service of 7

years and above with the frequency of 20 or 40% rank as first. And in 1 to 2 years

in service and with the frequency of 1or 2% falls on the ranked of fourth.

As the result of the findings most of the respondents are seven (7) years in

service. The researcher believed the because the respondents witness what is

happening in society especially by the time of pandemic, wherein e-sabong is

very popular, they can share what is their perception about the involvement of

PNP personnel in e-sabong.

2. Factors affecting the involvement of PNP personnel in e-sabong as perceive by the

respondents.

As the result of the findings in the table 2, the overall assessment that the

respondents describe the factors affecting the involvement of PNP personnel in e-sabong

as perceived by the respondents is “Strongly Agree”, with the weighted mean score of

3.49. All of the statements have an assessment of Strongly Agree, the weighted mean

falls in 3.64, 3.58, 3.50, 3.40. and 3.32.

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Based on the findings, the respondents agree on all of the following statements as

the factors affecting the involvement of PNP personnel in e-sabong as perceived by the

respondents considering that all of the stated factors lead on the verbal interpretation of

Strongly Agree. The highest statement falls on the statement on “The idea of playing to

get money is attractive and very appealing. This can be another reason why PNP

personnel are drawn to the concept of e-sabong.” The researchers conclude that the

reason why the PNP involve in this kind of gambling is because of the of money and this

is the easiest way to earn more income for their daily needs while doing their duty that’s

why the respondents agreed on the statement that playing to get money is attractive and

very appealing. The second to the highest weighted mean falls on the statement “The

desire to experience thrills and highs, and the entertaining atmosphere of the mainstream

gambling scene are the factors why PNP personnel engage in e-sabong.” The researchers

come up to the fact that because of the entertainment or excitement that e-sabong gives to

the PNP personnel to bet more is one of the factors why they involved in e-sabong based

on the perception of respondents.

3. The effects of e-sabong to the performance of PNP personnel in their duties as

perceive by the respondents.

As the result of the findings in the table 3, the overall assessment that the

respondents describe on the effects of e-sabong to the performance of PNP personnel on

their duties as perceive by the respondents. Is “Agree”, with the overall weighted mean of

3.01. All of the statements have an assessment of Agree, the weighted mean falls in 3.20,

3.12, 3.02, 2.90, and 2.84

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Based on the findings, the respondents agree on all of the following statements as

the effects of e-sabong to the performance of PNP personnel on their duties as perceived

by the respondents considering that all of the stated effects lead on the verbal

interpretation of “Agree”. The highest statement falls on the statement on “PNP

personnel who have been addicted in e-sabong most likely incur debt, damage their

relationships, and lose sight of their goals in life”. The researchers believed that if the

PNP Personnel can’t stop their gambling activity they can be addicted to it, the point that

they can do their job properly, they will engage in other illegal activity and it will damage

their lives as a public servant and as a role model to the society it also affect their

relationship to their spouse, family and relative this will be the reason why the

respondents agree on the statement of the effect of e-sabong in their duty if they don’t

stop this kind of activities it is. The second to the highest weighted mean falls on the

statement “PNP personnel who live with gambling addiction may experience job conflict

and mistrust.” Because of involving in e-sabong the duties of the PNP personnel can be

neglected by them and cause a distraction which can be resulted to job conflict and can’t

do their job properly.

4. Proposed action plan to prevent the involvement of PNP personnel in e-sabong

This action plan will give benefits to the PNP personnel to help and give them

awareness on the possibilities if they can’t control their emotions to gamble online while

they are performing their duties. As a public servant they stand a big role in society and

they should be a great model to the community. In addition, this study will also give

knowledge and information to the Government Officials specifically the PNP

organization to provides laws and regulation and make an action in this kind of problem
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because they are the one who have control to their employees. The study will serve as

guidance on how the Government and PNP personnel will handle the situation or

possibilities if e-sabong will back again.

Based on the findings of the study the following conclusions were drawn:

1. Majority of the respondents were in adulthood, male, married, college

undergraduate and in service for a long time.

2. The researchers come to the conclusion that PNP personnel engaging in playing

e-sabong because of the entertainment and the monetary gain.

3. The researcher concluded that if PNP personnel became addicted to playing e-

sabong, it will not only affect their performance in their duties but it might also be

the way for them to partake in any illegal activities.

4. The proposed action plan of this study will serves as guidance on how the

Government and PNP personnel will handle the situation or possibilities if e-

sabong will back again.

Based from the findings and conclusions of the study, the researchers strongly

recommend the following:

1. The government should create regulations and laws so that users or bettors can

exercise self-control when betting more money. Furthermore, if there is no way to

stop those gamblers, the government should outlaw any gambling activities.

2. The PNP personnel should participate in programs and seminars that enlighten

and inform them about the factors that affecting the performance of their duties in

terms of the involvement in e-sabong. It should both prevent and educate them on
 F a c t o r s A ff e c ti n g t h e I n v o l v e m e n t … | 19

the consequences of becoming addicted to and involved in e-sabong or any other

gambling activities.

3. This study benefits not only PNP personnel, but also anyone who has

participated and addicted in e-sabong or any other gambling activities. They

should be aware that e-sabong can have an impact on them as well if they will

have engaged on it.

4. The researchers recommended to others researchers to conduct similar study in

another time and setting to validate the findings and conclusions derived in the

conduct of the present study.

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CHAPTER 1

The Problem and Its Setting

Introduction

Gambling dates back several millennia and remains ubiquitous across human

societies, with lifetime gambling participation reported as 78% in the United States. As

such, gambling games serve as a useful model of risky choice, to the extent that

laboratory tasks modeling the choice between two lotteries are regarded as “the fruit fly

of behavioral economics”. (Clark, Averbeck et al. 2013)

Gambling is a branch of the entertainment industry where patrons stake an object

of value (typically money) on the uncertain prospect of a larger reward (the “jackpot”). In

general definition gambling is the act of wagering or betting money or something of

value on an event with an uncertain outcome with the intent to win more money or things

value than was wagered.

Meanwhile, Philippines is also an active participant when it comes to gambling

legally and illegally. Gambling in the Philippines has been around for centuries in this

archipelago and today aspires to become a gambling center Asia.

Casino games which is one of the most popular gambling in the Philippines,

sports betting including bets in basketball, volleyball, boxing and more, and also lotteries

such as Sweepstakes or Super Lotto and one of the oldest and still present gambling in

the Philippines is the cockfighting. (Evi, 2017).

Cockfighting is an age-old practice in which two or more specially bred birds, known as

gamecocks, are placed in an enclosed pit to fight for the primary purposes of
 F a c t o r s A ff e c ti n g t h e I n v o l v e m e n t … | 21

CHAPTER 2

Review of Related Literatures and Studies

This chapter presents the local and foreign literature and studies that are used to

guide the researchers to expand their knowledge regarding the present study.

Foreign Literatures

One of the ways addictions affect others is when those addictions push the addict

to commit crimes. Most of these crimes are related to obtaining money to gamble or to

pay gambling debts. Common crimes related to compulsive gambling include fraud,

forgery, embezzlement, larceny, shoplifting, burglary and petty theft. As compulsive

gambling increases in severity, there is a correlation of increased criminal activity had

assaulted someone to get money; one in four assaults reported by pathological gamblers

was directly or indirectly related to gambling. (Lozano, 2022)

The internet has changed the way people engage in many activities, including

gambling. Online gambling (compared with land-based gambling) provides players with

ease of access, 24/7 accessibility, and confidentiality—all within the comfort of a

person’s home. (Kim et. al. 2017)

If you have a gambling addiction, you may feel an uncontrollable urge to buy

lottery tickets, visit casinos, play slot machines, bet on sports, or gamble online. The

specific type and frequency of your gambling behavior may vary. But in general, you will

be unable to control that behavior. You will continue gambling, even in the face of

negative social, financial, or legal consequences. (Tyler, 2016)

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CHAPTER 3

Research Methodology

This chapter presents the methodology of this study. It includes research design,

respondents of the study, sampling procedure, materials and instruments, data gathering

procedure and statistical treatment of data.

Research Design

The research design used by the researchers was a descriptive method of research

by using questionnaire checklist to know the Factors Affecting the Involvement of PNP

Personnel in e-sabong in the Implication on the Performance of their duty. Descriptive

method or research refers to the method that describe the characteristics of the variables

of the study (Voxco, 2021). Descriptive method of research is useful in conducting

research that aims to find new truth. Descriptive method of research was used in this

study considering it is the most appropriate method in conducting the research.

The type of descriptive design method use was a survey method, wherein it

includes recording the answer of the respondents through surveys or questionnaires.

Surveys were generally used to collect feedback from the respondents. One of the

advantages of the survey is it is not a hassle for the respondents and they are free to

answer the questionnaire without being shy about their response. Also it can be

conducted through online or offline that’s why it saves more time. Furthermore, the

reason why the survey method was used is because it is the most appropriate descriptive

design to be used in this study. It can collect large amounts of data in a limited span of

time.
 F a c t o r s A ff e c ti n g t h e I n v o l v e m e n t … | 23

CHAPTER 4

Presentation, Analysis, and Interpretation of Data

This chapter presents the statistical data relative to the problems as earlier posted.

Corresponding analysis and interpretation regarding these data is also presented.

Table 1. Present the demographic profile of the respondents as to their age,

gender, civil status, educational background, and years in service.

1. Socio-Demographic Profile of the Respondents.

To understand the knowledge and competency of the respondents in this study,

their profiles were presented below.

Table 1.1 presented the distribution and percentage of the respondents in terms of

age.

Table 1.1

Distribution of the Respondents in terms of Age

Age Frequency (f) Percentage (%) Rank

26-30 years old 2 4% 4

31-35 years old 9 18% 3

36-40 years old 1 2% 5

41-45 years old 14 28% 2

46 years old and above 24 48% 1

Total 50 100% -
 CHAPTER 5

Summary, Conclusion, and Recommendation

This chapter present the summary of the findings, and the corresponding

conclusion derived in the conduct of the study. It also provided recommendation that

could be pursued by the other researchers.

Summary

This study aims to assessed the Factors Affecting the Involvement of PNP

Personnel in E-sabong; Implication to the Performance of their Duty. The descriptive

method of research is utilized in the study, employing the survey questionnaire checklist.

The respondents were fifty (50) barangay official in selected barangays in Cabanatuan

City, Nueva Ecija. The study is conducted for a period of two semesters from August

2022 to March 2023.

Specifically, it sought to answer the following sub-problems:

1. How may the socio-demographic profile of the respondents be described in

terms of:

1.1 Age;

1.2 Gender;

1.3 Civil Status;

1.4 Educational Attainment; and

1.5 Years in Service?

2. What are the factors affecting the involvement of PNP personnel in e-sabong as

perceive by the respondents?