Math1 Part1

Mathematics
in the Modern
World
Presented by Kathleen Sarmiento
Lesson 1.
Mathematics as
the Study of
Patterns
1.1 What is
Mathematics?
Mathematics is defined as the study of numbers
and arithmetic operations. Others describe
mathematics as a set of tools or a collection of
skills that can be applied to questions of “how
many” or “how much”. Still, others view it as a
science which involves logical reasoning,
drawing conclusions from assumed premises,
and strategic reasoning based on accepted
rules, laws, or probabilities. Mathematics is also
considered as an art which deals with form, size,
and quantity.
The focused of this section is, mathematics
as a study of patterns.
A Study of Patterns
Pattern is an arrangement which helps

observers anticipate what they might see
or what happens next. Or just simply are
regular, repeated, or recurring forms or
designs.
Floor tiles Design of clothes
Butterfly Highways
Below are examples of various patterns:
Logic Patterns
Logic patterns are usually the first to be observed.

Classifying things, for example comes before numeration.
Being able to tell which things are blocks and which are
not precedes learning to count blocks.
One kind of logic pattern deals with the characteristics of
various objects while another deals with order.
Solution:
The base figure rotates at an angle of 45° in the counterclockwise

direction. Hence choice C is
the perfect match.
Number Patterns
Another class of patterns is the patterns of numbers.

The two most common are the arithmetic and geometric
patterns. While arithmetic sequence is formed by
adding or subtracting a constant number to consecutive
terms, geometric sequence needs to be multiplied or
divide with same value each time we want to get the
next term in the sequence.
Examples:
3, 7, 11, 15 ...

Arithmetic Sequence because it is formed by adding

4 to each term in the sequence which is called the
common difference.
3, 6, 12, 24 ….

Geometric Sequence because it is formed by

multiplying each term by 2 to get the succeeding
terms which is called the common ratio(r).
Solution:
1. Looking at the given numbers, the sequence is increasing, with each
term being two more than the previous term :
3 = 1 + 2 ; 5 = 3 + 2; 7 = 5 + 2; 9 = 7 + 2. Therefore the answer is n arithmetic
sequence and the next three terms should be 11, 13, 15.
2. The sequence is a geometric sequence because it is formed by

multiplying each term by 3 to the succeeding terms, so the next three
terms are:
270, 810, and 2430.
Geometric Patterns
Geometric pattern is a motif or design that show abstract

shapes like lines, polygons, and circles, and typically
repeats like a wallpaper. Visual patterns are observed in
nature and in art. In art, patterns present objects in a
consistent, regular manner.
Solution:
Since it adds up two squares horizontally and vertically on each term, the
correct answer is Figure 1.
Word Patterns
Patterns can also be found in language like

morphological rules in pluralizing nouns or conjugating
verbs for tense, as well as the metrical rules of poetry.
Each of these examples supports mathematical and
natural language understanding. The focus here is
patterns in form and in syntax, which lead directly to the
study of language in general and digital communication
in particular.
Solution :
The pattern is taking the plural form of the words involved, so wife is
wives.
1.2 Patterns in
Nature
Patterns in nature are the regular arrangement
of objects in any form found everywhere- plants,
animals, humans, earth formations, and many
others. These include symmetries, spirals,
waves, arrays, cracks, stripes, etc. Some of these
patterns which recur in different context can be
modelled mathematically. So, let us start
looking for more patterns in nature.
Symmetric Patterns
A figure has symmetry if there is a non-trivial

transformation that maps the figure onto itself
or you can draw an imaginary line across the
object and the resulting parts are mirror
images of each other.
For example, a square has a vertical line symmetry. That is, the
reflection about this line maps the square onto itself.
Notice that left and right portion of the square are exactly the
same. The type of symmetry is known as line, or bilateral
symmetry.
In fact there are other types of symmetry depending on the
number of sides or faces that are symmetrical. Take a look at
the images below.
If a figure or object can be rotated less than 360° about a point so that the image
and the pre-image are indistinguishable, then the figure has rotational symmetry.
The smallest angle that a figure can be

rotated while still preserving the original
formation is called angle of rotation.
Angle of rotation can be computed using the following formula:

𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 360°/𝑛
where 𝑛 is the number of rotational symmetry or order of rotation of a particular

object. For the spiderwort, the angle of rotation is 120° while the angle of rotation
of the starfish is 72°.
PROBLEM SET #1
PROBLEM SET #1 cont…
Problem Set Rules
1. Write your name, course and
section
2. Use white or yellow paper only
3. Use black or blue ballpen only
4. Clear and clean handwriting

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Mathematics

Pattern is an arrangement which helps

Logic patterns are usually the first to be observed.

The base figure rotates at an angle of 45° in the counterclockwise

Another class of patterns is the patterns of numbers.

Arithmetic Sequence because it is formed by adding

Geometric Sequence because it is formed by

2. The sequence is a geometric sequence because it is formed by

Geometric pattern is a motif or design that show abstract

Patterns can also be found in language like

A figure has symmetry if there is a non-trivial

The smallest angle that a figure can be

Angle of rotation can be computed using the following formula:

where 𝑛 is the number of rotational symmetry or order of rotation of a particular

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