DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

Speed Control In Vehicles using RFID

EXPERIENTIAL PROJECT REPORT
Submitted by,

Sohith P P RVCE22BEC135

Name2 RVCE22BEC

Name3 RVCE22BEC

RVCE22BEC

2022-2023
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We are indebted to our faculty, name, designation, Biotechnology ,with designation,

organization for his/her wholehearted support, suggestions and invaluable advice throughout
our Experiential Learning Project work.

Our sincere thanks to Dr. Ramakanth Kumar P., Professor and Head, Department of Computer
Science and Engineering, RVCE for his support and encouragement.

We express sincere gratitude to our beloved Principal, Dr. K. N. Subramanya for his
appreciation towards this Experiential Learning Project work.

Lastly, we take this opportunity to thank our family members and friends who provided all the
backup support throughout the project work.
ABSTRACT

A robust and trustworthy model for vehicle speed control using radio frequency identification
technology is presented in the abstract of this paper. In order to prevent accidents, this system
takes over the vehicle in an accident-prone area close to a school, an office building, a hospital,
or other building. Upon entering the zone, the vehicle's speed will be automatically limited, by
sensing the RFID tag. After the vehicle has passed the zone the speed of the vehicle goes back to
its original speed or controlled speed.

Over speeding is a major cause of the total number of accidents. It is advised and expected for
the drivers to slow down their vehicles at accident prone areas such as schools, hospitals and
construction sites. These are however avoided by the drivers that cause casualties at these zones.
.

To avoid this leading cause of accidents we do not have any prevention measures currently.
Despite the efforts of the government and various organizations to implement speed control
measures, speeding is still a major cause of accidents on the roads. In order to solve this issue,
we require an intelligent system that can monitor and control the speed of vehicles on the road.

INTRODUCTION
RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) technology can be used for speed control in vehicles. In
this system, RFID tags are installed along the road, and an RFID reader is installed in the
vehicle. As the vehicle passes over an RFID tag, the reader reads the information from the tag
and sends it to the vehicle's computer.

The computer then compares the speed limit associated with that particular RFID tag with the
current speed of the vehicle. If the current speed is above the speed limit, the computer sends a
signal to the vehicle's engine management system, which reduces the speed of the vehicle.

The RFID tags can be programmed with different speed limits based on the location, such as
school zones, residential areas, and highways. This system can also be used to enforce specific
speed limits during certain times of the day, such as rush hour.

One advantage of using RFID technology for speed control is that it does not require any
physical barriers, such as speed bumps or gates, which can disrupt traffic flow. Additionally, it
can provide real-time information about the speed of vehicles on the road, which can be useful
for traffic management.
OBJECTIVES

 Limiting the speed of vehicles in certain areas: RFID tags can be placed in specific areas,
such as school zones or construction sites, to enforce speed limits. When a vehicle
equipped with an RFID reader approaches a tagged area, the speed of the vehicle can be
automatically limited to the prescribed speed limit.

 Monitoring speed and location: RFID tags can be used to track the location of a vehicle
and the speed at which it is traveling. This information can be transmitted to a central
control system for monitoring purposes, allowing for improved safety and efficiency.

 Controlling access to certain areas: RFID tags can be used to control access to certain
areas, such as restricted zones in a factory or construction site. Vehicles that are not
authorized to enter these areas can be automatically stopped or slowed down by RFID
technology.

 Preventing theft: RFID tags can be used to prevent vehicle theft by detecting
unauthorized use of the vehicle. If a vehicle is moved without the presence of an
authorized RFID tag, an alarm can be triggered and the vehicle can be immobilized.

COMPONENTS USED
● Arduino Uno - The Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P
microcontroller. The Arduino Uno has 14 digital input/output pins, 6 analog input pins,
and a USB connection for programming and power. It can be powered through the USB
connection or an external power source. The board also has a 16 MHz quartz crystal, a
power jack, an ICSP header, and a reset button.

● L293 MOTOR DRIVER- The L293 motor driver is a popular integrated circuit (IC)
used to control the direction and speed of DC motors. It is commonly used in robotics,
automation, and other electromechanical applications. The L293 consists of two H-bridge
circuits, each capable of driving a DC motor in either direction. Each H-bridge consists of
four transistors, which are used to switch the motor's direction and speed by controlling
the voltage and current to the motor.

● TWO 5V DC MOTORS- A 5V DC motor is a type of direct current motor that operates

on 5 volts of DC power. Some motors have built-in gearboxes, which allow for greater
torque and slower
speeds, while others are designed for high-speed applications.

● HIW 6F22 9V BATTERY- The HIW 6F22 9V battery is a type of alkaline battery com-
monly used in electronic devices such as smoke detectors.

● RC522 RFID READER AND TAG MODULE- The RC522 RFID reader and tag mod-
ule is a compact and easy-to-use module that allows for RFID (Radio Frequency Identifi-
cation) communication between a microcontroller and RFID tags. The RC522 module is
based on the MFRC522 chip from NXP Semiconductors, which is a highly integrated
chip designed for contactless communication at 13.56 MHz. The module includes an an-
tenna and all necessary components for RFID communication, including amplifiers, de-
modulators, and a digital signal processor.

● WIRES – Helps to connect the components

● SWITCH - A switch is used to turn on and off the power supply to the Arduino and the
motor driver.
WORKING MODEL IMAGE
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Connections from the RFID reader to the microcontroller(Arduino UNO) :

 RST pin of RFID reader to pin 9 of UNO

 GND pin of RFID reader to GND pin of UNO
 MISO pin of RFID reader to pin 12 of UNO
 MOSI pin of RFID reader to pin 11 of UNO
 SCK pin of RFID reader to pin 13 of UNO
 SDA pin of RFID reader to pin 10 of UNO
Connections from L293 Motor Driver to Arduino UNO :

 pin A1 of L293 to pin 2 of UNO

 pin A2 of L293 to pin 3 of UNO
 pin EN1 of L293 to pin 5 of UNO
 pin B1 of L293 to pin 4 of UNO
 pin B2 of L293 to pin 7 of UNO
 pin EN2 of L293 to pin 6 of UNO
 pin VCC of L293 to 5V of UNO
 pin GND of L293 to pin GND of UNO
2 motors and battery connected to L293D
METHODOLOGY

Our project is made up of four main parts

● Arduino Uno
● RFID tag
● RFID reader
● Motor Driver
RFID periodically transmits signals; in our model, the RFID readers transmit signals based on
the vehicle's speed. The RFID tag can detect this, and an RFID reader can read the signals,
making it a transceiver.
The Arduino Uno board, which is also connected to the RFID reader, can collect data, compile,
encode, decode, and send the message that was successfully decoded to the motor driver.
The motor driver gathers data from the board and makes adjustments that are linked to the
wheels. The motor driver controls the speed of the motor using a technique called as Pulse Width
Modulation(PWM). It is a method of controlling the speed of DC motors by varying the voltage
being supplied to them.
The reading range of the RFID reader RC522 is roughly one meter.
PROGRAM USED

#include <SPI.h>
#include <MFRC522.h>

#define RST_PIN 9 // Configurable, see typical pin layout above

#define SS_PIN 10 // Configurable, see typical pin layout above

MFRC522 mfrc522(SS_PIN, RST_PIN); // Create MFRC522 instance

int in1=2;
int in2=3;
int in3=4;
int in4=7;
int en2=5;
int en1=6;

void setup() {
// Initialize serial communications with the PC
Serial.begin(9600);
while (!Serial);
// Init SPI bus
SPI.begin();
// Init MFRC522
mfrc522.PCD_Init();
// Optional delay
delay(4);
// Show details of PCD - MFRC522 Card Reader details
mfrc522.PCD_DumpVersionToSerial();
 Serial.println(F("Scan PICC to see UID, SAK, type, and data blocks..."));
//Defining the pins connected to the motor driver
pinMode(2,OUTPUT);
pinMode(3,OUTPUT);
pinMode(6,OUTPUT);
pinMode(4,OUTPUT);
pinMode(7,OUTPUT);
pinMode(5,OUTPUT);
}

void loop() {
//Motors run at max speed in the beginning
digitalWrite(in1, LOW);
digitalWrite(in2, HIGH);
analogWrite(en1, 200);
digitalWrite(in3, HIGH);
digitalWrite(in4, LOW);
analogWrite(en2, 200);

if ( ! mfrc522.PICC_IsNewCardPresent()) {
return;
}
// Select one of the cards
if ( ! mfrc522.PICC_ReadCardSerial()) {
return;
}
//Motors slow down if a card is detected
digitalWrite(in1, LOW);
digitalWrite(in2, HIGH);
analogWrite(en1, 120);
 digitalWrite(in3, HIGH);
digitalWrite(in4, LOW);
analogWrite(en2, 120);
delay(4000);
}

FLOWCHART FOR THE PROGRAM

EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
We were successful in implementing automatic speed control in a car using RFID on a small
scale. Initially, the car was set to move at its maximum speed. When the RFID tag was brough
within the range of the RFID reader, the tag is detected and the command to reduce the speed of
the motors is sent. The car slows down as the speed of the motors is reduced with the help of the
motor driver. When the car is beyond the range of the RFID tag, it regains its original
(maximum) speed

ANALYSIS OF RESULT

This research shows the work of reducing speed of the vehicle automatically and its contributions
to the safety of public on road. It is estimated that the use of this system contributes a great deal
in limiting the accident rate that happens because of over speeding and carelessness of the driver
ignoring the road signboards in specific zones. However, the vehicle speed control(VSC) in a
vehicle is effective, they help in further developing security ,keeping both the traveler and the
pedestrian on the street safe. This VSC system is well applicable in school and hospital zones
which permits the vehicle to act autonomously to slowdown the vehicle which comes at a higher
speed ,which limits the accidents because of carelessness of the driver effectively and in a
manner all the more successfully. Hence it can be concluded from the above discussions that the
use of Automatic vehicle speed control system in restricted zones limit unwanted accidents to a
great extent than the normal behavior.
FUTURE SCOPE

TO IMPLEMENT SPEED CONTROL IN VEHICLES USING RFID IN ELECTRIC VEHICLES, WE CAN FIRST
INSTALL RFID READERS ON THE ROAD OR IN THE VEHICLE. THESE READERS WILL THEN SCAN THE
RFID TAGS ON THE ELECTRIC VEHICLE AND TRANSMIT THE DATA TO THE VEHICLE'S CONTROL
UNIT. THE CONTROL UNIT WILL THEN REGULATE THE SPEED OF THE VEHICLE BASED ON THE
INFORMATION RECEIVED FROM THE RFID READERS.

FOR INSTANCE, WE CAN SET UP RFID READERS AT SPECIFIC LOCATIONS ON THE ROAD TO
REGULATE THE SPEED OF VEHICLES IN SCHOOL ZONES, CONSTRUCTION ZONES, OR OTHER AREAS
WHERE SPEED LIMITS NEED TO BE ENFORCED. WHEN A VEHICLE WITH AN RFID TAG PASSES
THROUGH THE ZONE, THE RFID READER WILL SEND A SIGNAL TO THE VEHICLE'S CONTROL UNIT,
WHICH WILL THEN ADJUST THE SPEED OF THE VEHICLE ACCORDINGLY.

ADDITIONALLY, WE CAN USE RFID TAGS ON THE VEHICLE ITSELF TO LIMIT THE SPEED OF THE
VEHICLE TO A CERTAIN RANGE. FOR INSTANCE, IF WE WANT TO LIMIT THE SPEED OF AN ELECTRIC
VEHICLE TO 30 KM/H IN A SPECIFIC AREA, WE CAN PROGRAM THE RFID TAG TO SEND A SIGNAL
TO THE VEHICLE'S CONTROL UNIT TO REGULATE THE SPEED TO 30 KM/H.

OVERALL, USING RFID TECHNOLOGY FOR SPEED CONTROL IN ELECTRIC VEHICLES CAN IMPROVE
ROAD SAFETY, REDUCE ACCIDENTS, AND PROMOTE BETTER TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT
LITERATURE REVIEW

[1] Harsh Mohan, Lal Prateek Bumb, John Daniel and Yedukondala Rao, Design of
Automobiles speed control system using RFID, International Journal of Computer Trends
and Technology (IJCTT) – Volume 37 Number 2 - July 2016.

• Robust and reliable model for speed control in vehicles using the Radio Frequency Iden-
tification technology

• Implementation of the RFID system to control the speed of an actual commercial vehicle.

[2] Jasmine David, Roopa Jayasingh, Deepak Daniel, Joel Morris Raj. M and Deepika
Blessy Telagathoti, Design of Automatic Speed Controlling System, 2020 5th International
Conference on Devices, Circuits and Systems (ICDCS) 978-1-7281-6368-0/20/$31.00 ©2020
IEEE 10.1109/ICDCS48716.2020.243587.

• Create a model that will automatically control the speed of the vehicles in required condi-
tions which will help in reducing the rate of death due to over speed in speed limited
zones and protect life.

• Develop a simple model so it can be upgraded in any vehicles without much difficulty
and in much cheaper way.

[3] Dakshata Ramesh Dhote, Pragati Ramesh Lakde, Anjali Sudhakar Pachare, Mukesh
Ankush Meharkure and Mahendra Dongare, Automatic Speed Control of Vehicle by using
RFID Technology, International Journal of Research in Engineering, Science and
Management Volume 4, Issue 7, July 2021.

• This paper clears the way for controlling the speed of vehicles inside certain cutoffs in
limited zones without the interference of the drivers. A RFID is utilized for this reason.

[4] A.Vengadesh and K.Sekar, Automatic Speed Control Of Vehicle In Restricted Areas
using RF And GSM, International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology
(IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 02 Issue: 09 | Dec-2015.

• Developed a new design to control the speed of automobiles. In normal driving mode, we
can expect other vehicles to interfere nearby and possibly block or attenuate RF signals.
In this aspect, GPS location has been used.
 [5] A.Adarsh, Arjun C, Koushik S, Midhun Krishnan, Sourav Purushothaman V,
Ashwathy K Nair and Gayathri Narayanan, Integrated Real-time Vehicle Speed Control
System using RFID and GPS, Proceedings of the Second International Conference on
Inventive Research in Computing Applications (ICIRCA-2020) , IEEE Xplore Part
Number: CFP20N67-ART;ISBN-978-1-7281-5374-2.

REFERENCES

1. [1] Harsh Mohan, Lal Prateek Bumb, John Daniel and Yedukondala Rao, De-
sign of Automobiles speed control system using RFID, International Journal
of Computer Trends and Technology (IJCTT) – Volume 37 Number 2 - July
2016.G

2. [2] Jasmine David, Roopa Jayasingh, Deepak Daniel, Joel Morris Raj.M and
Deepika Blessy Telagathoti, Design of Automatic Speed Controlling System,
2020 5th International Conference on Devices, Circuits and Systems (ICDCS)
978-1-7281-6368-0/20/$31.00 ©2020 IEEE 10.1109/ICDC-
S48716.2020.243587.

3. [3] Dakshata Ramesh Dhote, Pragati Ramesh Lakde, Anjali Sudhakar

Pachare, Mukesh Ankush Meharkure and Mahendra Dongare, Automatic
Speed Control of Vehicle by using RFID Technology, International Journal of
Research in Engineering, Science and Management Volume 4, Issue 7, July
2021.
4. [4] A.Vengadesh and K.Sekar, Automatic Speed Control Of Vehicle In Re-
stricted Areas using Rf And Gsm, International Research Journal of Engineer-
ing and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 02 Issue: 09 | Dec-
2015.

5. [5] A.Adarsh, Arjun C, Koushik S, Midhun Krishnan, Sourav Purushothaman

V, Ashwathy K Nair and Gayathri Narayanan, Integrated Real-time Vehicle
Speed Control System using RFID and GPS, Proceedings of the Second Inter-
national Conference on Inventive Research in Computing Applications
(ICIRCA-2020) , IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP20N67-ART;ISBN-978-1-
7281-5374