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    avinash goswami
    This document discusses soil erosion and sedimentation processes. It defines erosion as the displacement and transport of soil particles by wind or water, and sedimentation as the deposition of eroded material. The types of erosion include raindrop, sheet, rill, gully, and stream bank erosion. Sedimentation is impacted by particle size, with finer particles like silts and clays taking much longer to settle than larger sand particles. Effective erosion control requires understanding these processes and implementing measures like sediment traps and ponds to capture eroded soils.

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    Photo by NASA

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    avinash goswami
    11 views27 pages
    This document discusses soil erosion and sedimentation processes. It defines erosion as the displacement and transport of soil particles by wind or water, and sedimentation as the deposition of eroded material. The types of erosion include raindrop, sheet, rill, gully, and stream bank erosion. Sedimentation is impacted by particle size, with finer particles like silts and clays taking much longer to settle than larger sand particles. Effective erosion control requires understanding these processes and implementing measures like sediment traps and ponds to capture eroded soils.

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    This document discusses soil erosion and sedimentation processes. It defines erosion as the displacement and transport of soil particles by wind or water, and sedimentation as the deposition of eroded material. The types of erosion include raindrop, sheet, rill, gully, and stream bank erosion. Sedimentation is impacted by particle size, with finer particles like silts and clays taking much longer to settle than larger sand particles. Effective erosion control requires understanding these processes and implementing measures like sediment traps and ponds to capture eroded soils.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    11 views27 pages

    Photo by NASA

    Uploaded by

    avinash goswami
    This document discusses soil erosion and sedimentation processes. It defines erosion as the displacement and transport of soil particles by wind or water, and sedimentation as the deposition of eroded material. The types of erosion include raindrop, sheet, rill, gully, and stream bank erosion. Sedimentation is impacted by particle size, with finer particles like silts and clays taking much longer to settle than larger sand particles. Effective erosion control requires understanding these processes and implementing measures like sediment traps and ponds to capture eroded soils.

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    of 27

    EROSION & SEDIMENTATION

    PROCESSES

    Photo by NASA
    SOIL EROSION – A natural process by
    which the land surface is worn away by the
    action of wind, water, and gravity

    Modified Courtesy Florida DEP


    Construction Site Erosion
     Erosion - The process in which, by the actions of wind or
    water, soil particles are displaced and transported.
     Sediment - Eroded material that is suspended in water
    or wind
     Sedimentation - The deposition or settling of eroded
    material
     Turbidity - The measure of the relative clarity of a
    liquid ( muddyness )
    *Measured in NTU’s or Transparency
    Types of Erosion
     Raindrop - Movement of soil particles caused by the direct
    impact of raindrops on bare soil
     Sheet - Runoff which flows over the ground surface as a thin,
    even layer
     Rill - A small, intermittent water course with steep sides,
    usually only a few inches deep
     Gully - A channel caused by concentrated flow of surface and
    stormwater runoff over unprotected, erodible soil
     Stream & Channel Bank - Bank and bed erosion of existing
    stream channel caused by increased peak flows
    Raindrop Impact Erosion
    Raindrop Impact
    + Surfaces become “puddled”
    + Lower infiltration rates
    + Increased runoff
    = Increased Turbidity

    Source: Environmental Soil Physics, Hillel


    Sheet Flow Erosion

    Sheet flow is easy to see on pavement


    “Shiny” Dirt is Sheet Flow
    RILL EROSION ON A CUT SLOPE
    Rills turning into Gullies
    Effects of
    Soil Change
    & Improper Tracking
    Rill Erosion

    Gully Erosion
    Streambank Erosion
    Efforts to Correct
    the Problems
    $$$$$$$
    Raindrop
     Bed Load - Soil particles that are dragged, rolled,
    skipped, or saltated
     Suspension - Soil particles that are lifted up by
    the flow energy and moved long distances down
    stream before settling to the bed
     Colloidal Suspension - Same as suspension but
    includes only the fine, colloidal soil particles that
    may never settle to the bed
    Water Erosion
    Stream Bank After Mitigation
    Mitigation After Heavy Flows Created
    Stream Bank Erosion
    Sedimentation
    Surface Area Requirements of Sediment Traps

    Size Particle Settling Settling Surface 1Surface


    CFS2=
    mm Velocity Velocity Area ft.2 Area m
    ft/sec m/sec per ft3/sec 450GPM
    per m3/sec
    discharge discharge
    For every
    0.5 Coarse sand 0.19 0.058 6.3 20.7 GPM
    450
    Fine Silt
    0.2 Medium sand 0.067 0.020
    will only 17.9 58.7 need
    You
    0.1 Fine sand 0.023 0.0070
    fall out 52.2 171.0
    5000SF of
    0.05 Coarse silt 0.0062 0.0019
    slowly, 193.6 635.0
    pond
    0.02 Medium silt 0.00096 very
    0.00029 1250.0 4101.0
    surface
    slowly.
    0.01 Fine silt 0.00024 0.000073 5000.0 to settle
    16404.0
    0.005 Clay 0.00006 0.000018 20000.0 fine silt.
    65617.0

    These are rules of thumb, or models. What might be different


    on your site from the design model used for your pond?
    SOIL PARTICLE SETTLING TIME
    Diameter Order of Size Settling Velocity Time Required to
    (mm) (mm/sec) Settle 1 Meter (3.28 ft)
     10.0 Gravel 1,000 1.0 Seconds
     1.0 100 9.8 Seconds
     0.6 Coarse Sand 63
     0.3* 32
     0.2* 21 48.0 Seconds
     0.15* Fine Sand 15 67.0 Seconds
     0.10 8 125.0 Seconds
     0.06 3.8
     0.015 0.35 47.6 Minutes
     0.010 Silt 0.154 107.0 Minutes
     0.005 0.0385 7.2 Hours
     0.003 0.0138 20.1 Hours
     0.0015 Clay 0.0035
     0.001 0.0015 180.0 Hours
     0.0001 0.0000154 754.0 Days
     0.00001 Colloidal Particles 0.000000154 207.0 Years
    *Range of acceptable pore sizes for silt fence geotextiles.
    4 acres needs
    ½ Acre of pond
    for 4 micron
    particles
    It is Difficult to Treat Fine Silts & Clays
    Suspended in Water
    Wind Erosion
    Wind Erosion

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