10th grade

EXPERIMENTS, OUTCOMES,
SAMPLE SPACE, AND EVENTS

Our World of Math 10, page 194

At the end of the lesson, the learners will be able to:
• describe an experiment, outcome, sample space, and event.
An experiment is an activity that can be done repeatedly with the
same conditions resulting to outcomes.

The complete list of all possible outcomes of an experiment is

called the sample space.

An event is a subset of the sample space.

Each possible outcome in the sample space resulting from the
experiment is called a sample point.

The cardinality, n(E), is the finite number of sample points from

an event.
 (b) E(getting the same
1. list down all outcomes; number).
2. give sample points; 5. what is the cardinality of
3. dertermine the event of the sample space?
(a) getting a 1, and
(b) getting the same number;
4. find the number of outcomes in
(a) E(getting a 1), and
Experiment: Throw two dice.
1. Sample space: List down all the outcomes in throwing two dice.
There are 6 faces in a die, the number of dots on the top
face are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, respectively. If two dice fall, one possible
outcome is getting the same number, say 1, on both dice. Another
outcome is 3 from the first die and 6 from the second and many
more.
1. Sample space: List down all the outcomes in throwing two dice.
If two dice will fall, the sample space or the total list of
outcomes is S = {(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5), (1, 6),
(2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6),
(3, 1), (3, 2), (3, 3), (3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 6),
(4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3), (4, 4), (4, 5), (4, 6),
(5, 1), (5, 2), (5, 3), (5, 4), (5, 5), (5, 6),
(6, 1), (6, 2), (6, 3), (6, 4), (6, 5), (6, 6)}
2. Sample point: From the sample space, an outcome (3, 4) is
called a sample point. Another sample point is (5, 6)
S = {(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5), (1, 6),
(2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6),
(3, 1), (3, 2), (3, 3), (3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 6),
(4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3), (4, 4), (4, 5), (4, 6),
(5, 1), (5, 2), (5, 3), (5, 4), (5, 5), (5, 6),
(6, 1), (6, 2), (6, 3), (6, 4), (6, 5), (6, 6)}
3. Event: In the sample space, determine the event of (a) getting a
1, and (b) getting the same number.

a) Collect all outcomes of 1.

E(getting a 1) = {(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5), (1, 6),
(2, 1), (3, 1), (4, 1), (5, 1), (6, 1)}
b) Collect all outcomes when numbers were doubled.
E(getting the same number) = {(1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (4, 4),
(5, 5), (6, 6)}
4. Cardinality of an Event: Find the number of outcomes in
(a) E(getting a 1), and (b) E(getting the same number).

a) Count the number of sample points in E(getting a 1).

E(getting a 1) = {(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5), (1, 6),
(2, 1), (3, 1), (4, 1), (5, 1), (6, 1)}
The number of sample points in the event is 11.
Therefore, the cardinality of event E, n(getting a 1) = 11.
4. Cardinality of an Event: Find the number of outcomes in
(a) E(getting a 1), and (b) E(getting the same number).

b) The number of sample points in E (getting the same number) is

6.
E(getting the same number).={(1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (4, 4),
(5, 5), (6, 6)}
n(getting the same number) = 6
The compliment of an event E’, is a subset of the sample space
whose sample points are not in E.

The impossible event of an empty set, denoted by {} or Ø, has no

outcomes.
1. determine the event of not getting a 1.
Sample space: List down all the outcomes in throwing two dice.
S = {(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5), (1, 6),
(2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6),
(3, 1), (3, 2), (3, 3), (3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 6),
(4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3), (4, 4), (4, 5), (4, 6),
(5, 1), (5, 2), (5, 3), (5, 4), (5, 5), (5, 6),
(6, 1), (6, 2), (6, 3), (6, 4), (6, 5), (6, 6)}
Cardinality of an Event: Find the number of outcomes in E(not
getting a 1)
S = {(2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6),
(3, 2), (3, 3), (3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 6),
(4, 2), (4, 3), (4, 4), (4, 5), (4, 6),
(5, 2), (5, 3), (5, 4), (5, 5), (5, 6),
(6, 2), (6, 3), (6, 4), (6, 5), (6, 6)}
The event of not getting a 1, E(not getting a 1), from the sample
space can also be called E’(not getting a 1).
Cardinality of an Event: Find the number of outcomes in E(not
getting a 1)
E’(getting a 1) = 25.
The cardinality of E’ (getting a 1) can also determined by getting
the difference between the cardinality of the sample space and
event of getting a 1.That is
n(rolling two dice) = 36
n(getting a 1) = 11
n(rolling two dice) - n(getting a 1) = 36 - 11 = 25.
1. determine an event whose outcome(s) have a
sum of 14.
The first sample point (1, 1) has a sum of 2, that is, 1 + 1 = 2.
On the other hand, the sample point (3, 4) has a sum of 3 + 4 = 7.
And the last sample point (6,6) has a sum of 6 + 6 = 12.

Getting the sum of 14 is impossible since the sum when rolling

two dice is only between 2 and 12, inclusive.
Thus, E(sum of 14) = {} or Ø.
List down the outcomes of the following experiments.
1. Picking an even number for a die.
2. Buying a pair of running shoes that comes in four brands and
three colors.
3. Arranging 3 boys and 3 girls in a row.
4. Getting a sum of 8 when rolling two dice.
5. Selecting two heads in flipping three coins.
List down the outcomes of the following experiments.
1. Picking an even number for a die.
E(picking an even number) = 3

2. Buying a pair of running shoes that comes in four brands and

three colors.
4 brands: A, B, C, and D; 3 colors: X, Y, and Z
S = {AX, AY, AZ, BX, BY, BZ, CX, CY, CZ, DX, DY, DZ}
S = 12
List down the outcomes of the following experiments.
3. S = {BBBGGG, BBGGGB, BGGGBB, GGGBBB, BGGBGB,
BGGBBG, BBGGBG, BGBGGB, BGBBGG, BGBGBG,
BBGBGG, GGBBBG, GBBBGG, GBBGBG GBBGGB,
GGBBGB, GBGBBG, GBGGBB, GBGBGB, GGBGBB}
S = 20
List down the outcomes of the following experiments.
4. Getting a sum of 8 when rolling two dice.
E = {(2,6), (3,5), (3,6), (4,4), (4,5), (4,6) (5,3), (5,4), (5,5)
(5,6), (6,2), (6,3), (6,4), (6,5), (6,6)}
E(getting a sum of at least 8) = 15

5. Selecting two heads in flipping three coins.

E = {HHT, HTH, THH}
E(2 heads) = 3