MAKALAH

MATA KULIAH BAHASA INGGRIS

Lecture: Muh. Misbahul Munir Ap, M. Pd
MODALITY

Disusun Oleh:
Kelompok 7
1. Mohamad Sholeh Ihsa Asyyadhali 2230110008
2. Ainun Hisyam Faruq 2230110024
3. Nabilla Ilmiyatus Sholihah 2230110019
4. Ketrin Iryani 2230110014

USHULUDDIN
ILMU AL-QURAN DAN TAFSIR
INSTITUT AGAMA ISLAM NEGERI KUDUS
2023
FOREWORD
The writer extends special thanks to the God Allah SWT for the blessing and grace
for the writer, so he can finish this paper on time. Thanks to Madam Widya as the
English teacher for who always help her students and give a lot of useful knowledge.
It is one of the assignments in English subject. It is composed of the explanation
of the explanation of modality and examples of modal words and sentences. This is not
a perfect model so the writer expects the critic and suggestion in order to make it better.
Hopefully this paper can be used as a reference to learn about the definition of
modality and its examples.

Kudus, March 25 2023

Writer

2
MODALITY
Modals (also called modal verbs, modal auxiliary verbs, modal auxiliaries) are
special verbs which behave irregularly in English. They are different from normal verbs
like "work, play, visit..." They give additional information about the function of the
main verb that follow it. They have a great variety of communicative functions. Modals
are also those helping verbs, which express the ‘mode’ or ‘manner’ of the actions
indicated by the main verbs. They express modes such as ability, possibility,
probability, permission, obligation, etc. The most commonly used modals are shall,
should, will, would, can, could, may, might, must, ought to, used to, need and dare.
Here are some characteristics of modal verbs:
1. They never change their form. You can't add "s", "ed", "ing"...
2. They are always followed by an infinitive without "to" (e. i. the bare infinitive.)
3. They are used to indicate modality allow speakers to express certainty,
possibility, willingness, obligation, necessity, ability
A. List of modal verbs
Here is a list of modal verbs:

can, could, may, might, will, would, shall, should, must

The verbs or expressions dare, ought to, had better, and need not behave like modal
auxiliaries to a large extent and may be added to the above list.
B. Use of modal verbs:
Modal verbs are used to express functions such as:
1. Ask permission—may, can, could. Examples: May I come in?, Could I use your
pen, please?
2. Make a request—can, could. Example: Could you please give me the doctor’s
telephone number?
3. Express a possibility—may, might, could. Example: It might rain during the
night.

3
 4. Give advice or suggestion—should. Example: You should wear a helmet while
riding your motorbike.
5. Express necessity or compulsion—must, have to. Examples: We must slow
down while driving in front of a school, I have to submit my project by
tomorrow.
6. Express prohibition. Example: You must not talk loudly in the library.
7. Express a promise or intention—will, shall. Example: I will mail you my
address.
8. Express a wish—may. Example: May you have a long life!
C. Examples of modal verbs:
Here is a list of modals with examples:

Modal Expressing Example

Verb
Must Strong obligation You must stop when the
traffic lights turn red
Logical conclusion/Certainty He must be very tired.
He's been working all
dayb long.
must not Prohibition You must not smoke in
the hospital.
Ability I can swim.
Can Permission Can I use your phone
please?
Possibility Smoking can cause
cancer.
Could Ability in the past When I was younger I
could run fast.

4
 Polite permission Excuse me, could I just
say something ?
Possibility It could rain tomorrow!
May Permission May I use your phone
please?
Possibility, probability It my rain tomorrow!
Might Polite permission Might I suggest an idea?
Possibility, probability I might go on holiday to
ustralia nest year.
need not Lack of necessity / absence of obligation I need not buy tomatoes.
There are plenty of
tomatoes in the fridge.
should/ 50% obligation I should / ought to see a
ought to doctor. I have a terrible
headache.
Advice You should / ought to
revise your lessons.
Logical conclusion He should / ought to be
very tired. He's been
working all day long.
had Advice You'd better revise your
better lessons.

D. Sentence Pattence of Modal

Sentence is a group of word that contains at least object and one verb. A sentence
expresses a complete thought.
a. Positive sentence
The pattern of modal auxiliaries in the positive sentence is:

5
 S+ modal auxiliaries+ V (infinitive without ‘to’ + o/c

e.g.: Uswah can speak English well

b. Negative sentence
The pattern of modal auxiliaries in the negative sentence is:

S+ modal auxiliaries+not+ V (infinitive without ‘to’ +o/c

e.g.: Uswah can’t speak English well

c. Introgative sentence
The pattern of modal auxiliaries in the introgative sentence is:

Modal auxiliaries+ S+ V (infinitive without ‘to’+ o/c

e.g.: Can she speak English well?

REMEMBER !
1. A modal does not change according to the number or person of the subject.
Examples: He can learn, I can learn, You can learn, They can learn, We can
learn.
2. A modal is always used with a verb in its basic form. The modal takes the tense
while the main verb remains in its dictionary form. Examples: I can run, I may
run, I could run, I might run.
3. Modals can be used alone in response to a question. Examples: Can you sing?
I can. Will you sing? I will. Will you come? I may./I will.
4. Modals, when joined with ‘not’ to form a negative, can be contracted.
Examples: I cannot run. I can’t run. I do not run. I don’t run. I will not run. I
won’t run.

6
5. Modal verbs are followed by an infinitive without "to", also called the bare
infinitive. Examples: You must stop when the traffic lights turn red. You should
see the doctor. There are a lot of tomatoes in the fridge. You need not buy any.

7
CONCLUSION
Based on the modals paper, it can be conclude that in modals there are 9 types of
English modals, namely: Can (can, could, maybe, may), Could (could, could,) in the
past (past), and (may, want) in future (to come), May (may, may), Might ( maybe [with
a relatively small probability]), Must (must, must, definitely), Will (will, want), Would
(will, want, maybe), Shall (will, should, should), Should (should, should).

8
BIBLIOGRAIPHY
https://imadesujana.files.wordpress.com
https://repository.uin-suska.ac.id/31087/2/SKRIPSI
GABUNGAN%284%29.pdf/2017/07/bab-ii_modality.pdf
http://igfandyjayanto.blogspot.com/2012/01/makalah-modals.html