9

Department of Education
National Capital Region
SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE
MARIKINA CITY

MATHEMATICS
Quarter 3 – Module1
PARALLELOGRAM

Writers: Rosalia C. Patricio

Cover Illustrator: Joel J. Estudillo

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE

 What I Need to Know

Hello Grade - 9 learners! In this module, you will learn how to:
The module is divided into two lessons, namely:

• Conditions that guarantee a quadrilateral is a parallelogram M9GE-IIIa-2

• Properties of a parallelogram M9GE-IIIb-1

You can say that you have understood the lesson in this module if you can
already:
1. determine the conditions that make a quadrilateral a parallelogram.
2. use properties to find measures of angles, sides, and other
quantities involving parallelogram.

What I Know
Encircle the letter of the correct answer.
1. What best describes the opposite sides of a parallelogram?
A. They are complementary.
B. They are congruent and parallel.
C. They are parallel but not congruent.
D. They bisect each other.

2. Which quadrilateral has diagonals that do not bisect each other?

A. Rectangle C. Square
B. Rhombus D. Trapezoid

3. Given that a quadrilateral is a parallelogram, how are the pair of consecutive

angles related?
A. They are complementary. C. They are supplementary.
B. They are congruent. D. They bisect each other.

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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
4. In the figure at the right, which is a pair of nonconsecutive angles?
A. ∠A and ∠N
B. ∠N and ∠E
C. ∠N and ∠C
D. ∠C and ∠E

5. Which is not ALWAYS true about ▱ROSE?

̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝑆𝐸
A. 𝑅𝑂 ̅̅̅̅ C. ∠𝑂 is a right angle.
̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝑂𝐸
B. 𝑅𝑆 ̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑆𝐸
D. 𝑅𝑂 ̅̅̅̅ bisect each other.

6. Which condition proves that a quadrilateral is a parallelogram?

A. Two angles are complementary.
B. Two angles are supplementary.
C. Two pairs of opposite angles are congruent.
D. Two pairs of sides are parallel.

7. One pair of opposite sides of a parallelogram are represented by (4𝑥– 47) and
(2𝑥 + 31). What is the value of 𝑥?
A. 37 B. 39 C. 107 D. 109

For item numbers 8 to 9, refer on the figure below.

8. How long is ̅̅̅̅

𝐴𝑇 in meters?
A. 1 m
B. 6 m
C. 13 m
D. 15 m

9. What is the length of ̅̅̅̅

𝑇𝐸 in meters?
A. 12 m B. 8 m C. 5 m D. 1 m

10. In ▱HERO, 𝑚∠𝐻 = 2𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑚∠𝐸 = 𝑥 + 6 , what is the 𝑚∠𝑅?

A. 580 B. 640 C. 1160 D. 1200

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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
 Lesson 1: CONDITIONS THAT GUARANTEE A
QUADRILATERAL A PARALLELOGRAM

What’s In
Look around your house and identify at least three examples of a
parallelogram.

Questions:
1. Why did you consider them a parallelogram?
2. Describe a parallelogram.
3. Are there any conditions that make them a parallelogram?
4. State all the conditions that you know.

Below is the diagram of the family of quadrilaterals:

5. From the above diagram, verify your answer.

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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
 What’s New

Questions:
1. How do you describe the illustrated figure above?
2. Is there any pair of opposite sides that are congruent and parallel?
3. Can you name the pair of opposite sides and congruent sides?
4. Measure the opposite angles of the given figure.
5. What are measures of the two opposite angles? Are they equal?
6. What are the sums of the two consecutive angles?
7. Are all the consecutive angles have the same sum?
8. Draw a segment connecting two opposite vertices. Label the point of
intersection of the two segments as point P. Measure ̅̅̅̅
𝑅𝑃 and ̅̅̅̅
𝑃𝑆. Are their
̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅
measures equal? How about 𝑂𝑃, and 𝑃𝐸 ? Are their measures also equal?
9. Do the diagonals bisect each other? Why?
10. After connecting a diagonal to the opposite vertices, are there triangles
that being formed? Name the two triangles. Are they congruent?

What is It
Parallelogram is a quadrilateral with two pairs of opposite sides are parallel.

Consider ▱ROSE,
̅̅̅̅ ∥ ̅̅̅̅
𝑅𝑂 𝐸𝑆 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ̅̅̅̅
𝑅𝐸 ∥ ̅̅̅̅
𝑂𝑆

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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
The following are the statements that give conditions that guarantee that a
quadrilateral is a parallelogram:
a. The two pairs of opposite sides are congruent to each other, thus:

̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝑆𝐸
𝑅𝑂 ̅̅̅̅ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑅𝐸
̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝑂𝑆
̅̅̅̅

b. It gives the condition that a quadrilateral is a parallelogram if a pair of opposite

sides is congruent, then we can also say that such pair opposite sides is
parallel to each other.

̅̅̅̅ ≅ ̅̅̅̅
If 𝑅𝑂 ̅̅̅̅ ∥ ̅̅̅̅
𝑆𝐸 then 𝑅𝑂 𝑆𝐸
𝑜𝑟
̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝑂𝑆
If 𝑅𝐸 ̅̅̅̅ then 𝑅𝐸
̅̅̅̅ ∥ 𝑂𝑆
̅̅̅̅

c. The two pairs of opposite angles are congruent to each other, thus:
∠R ≅ ∠ S and ∠E ≅ ∠ O

It gives the condition that a quadrilateral is a parallelogram if both pairs of

opposite angles are congruent.

d. Pairs of consecutive angles are supplementary, thus:

𝑚∠R + 𝑚∠E = 180
𝑚∠S + 𝑚∠E = 180
𝑚∠S + 𝑚∠O = 180
𝑚∠O + 𝑚∠R = 180

It gives the condition that a quadrilateral is a parallelogram if

the two consecutive angles are supplementary.
e. The two diagonals bisect each other, thus:
̅̅̅̅
𝑅𝑆 𝑏𝑖𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑠 ̅̅̅̅
𝐸𝑂

It gives the condition that a quadrilateral is a parallelogram if

the diagonals bisect each other.
f. It also gives a condition that a diagonal line divides a parallelogram into two
congruent triangles.
∆𝑅𝑆𝐸 ≅ ∆𝑆𝑅𝑂

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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
 What’s More
State the conditions that will make quadrilateral LOVE a parallelogram, where Q
is the intersection of the diagonals. The first one is done for you.

Example:
̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝑉𝐸
1. 𝐿𝑂 ̅̅̅̅ and ̅̅̅̅
𝐿𝐸 ≅ 𝑂𝑉 ̅̅̅̅
Condition:
LOVE is parallelogram if both pairs of opposite sides are congruent.
2. ̅̅̅̅
𝐿𝑂 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝑉𝐸 , ̅̅̅̅
𝐿𝑂 ║𝑉𝐸̅̅̅̅ or ̅̅̅̅
𝐿𝐸 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝑂𝑉 , ̅̅̅̅
𝐿𝐸 ║ ̅̅̅̅
𝑂𝑉
Condition:
______________________________________________________
3. ̅̅̅̅
𝐿𝑄 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝑄𝑉 , ̅̅̅̅
𝐸𝑄 ≅ 𝑂𝑄 ̅̅̅̅
Condition:
______________________________________________________
4. ∆𝐸𝑂𝐿 ≅ ∆𝑂𝐸𝑉, ∆𝐿𝑂𝑉 ≅ ∆𝑉𝐸𝐿
Condition:
______________________________________________________
5. 𝑚∠𝐿 + 𝑚∠𝐸 = 180, 𝑚∠𝑂 + 𝑚∠𝑉 = 180
Condition:
_______________________________________________________
6. ∠𝐸 ≅ ∠𝑂 and ∠𝐿 ≅ ∠𝑉
Condition:
_______________________________________________________

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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
 What I Have Learned
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate term/s to make each condition of
parallelogram true.
1. A quadrilateral is a parallelogram if both pairs of opposite sides are
__________.
2. A quadrilateral is a parallelogram if a pair of opposite sides are __________
and parallel.
3. A quadrilateral is a parallelogram if consecutive angles are __________.
4. A quadrilateral is a parallelogram if the diagonals __________ each other.
5. A quadrilateral is a parallelogram if the diagonal divides a parallelogram into
two __________ triangles.
6. A quadrilateral is a parallelogram if both pairs of opposite angles are
__________.

What I Can Do

Goal:
Create a tangram model of a parallelogram and justify the conditions that
guarantee a quadrilateral a parallelogram through this model.
Role:
You are an artist.
Audience:
Any two or three of your relatives
Situation:
In front of your two or three relatives, you are going to show how to form a
parallelogram out of the seven geometrical figures and tell them the six conditions
that a quadrilateral is a parallelogram.

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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
 Product performance:
Materials:
bond paper, used folder, ruler, pencil,
pair of scissors, coloring materials
1. Draw an 8 x 8 inches square on the
bond paper.
2. Copy the figure shown on the right
including the dashed and solid lines
and follow the exact
measurements.
3. Color each figure inside the square
differently.
4. Paste it on top of the used folder.
5. Cut the solid lines using the pair of
scissors as indicated.
6. Assemble each piece to make a large parallelogram while showing it to
your relatives and discuss the conditions that guarantee a quadrilateral
is a parallelogram.

Standards and Criteria for Success:

Mathematical Reasoning and Presentation

Rubrics for checking and scoring:

Criteria Excellent Very Good Developing Beginning

10 8 6 5
Presentation The procedure The procedure The The
was followed was followed procedure procedure
correctly and correctly but was followed was followed
error-free. with minimal correctly but but
errors. with minimal erroneous.
errors and
cluttering.
Mathematical The six Four to five Two to three Only one
Reasoning conditions that conditions that conditions condition that
guarantee a guarantee a that guarantee a
quadrilateral is quadrilateral is guarantee a quadrilateral
a a quadrilateral is a
parallelogram parallelogram is a parallelogram
was clearly were parallelogram was
explained and rationalized. were mentioned.
justified. explained.

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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
 Additional Activities

Determine whether each quadrilateral is a parallelogram. Justify your answer by

stating the condition that makes a quadrilateral a parallelogram.

Figure Condition

1.

2.

3.

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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
 LESSON 2: PROPERTIES OF A PARALLELOGRAM

What’s In
State clearly the conditions that guarantee a quadrilateral is a parallelogram the
way you understood.
1. _____________________________________________________
2. _____________________________________________________
3. _____________________________________________________
4. _____________________________________________________
5. _____________________________________________________
6. _____________________________________________________

What’s New

Questions:
1. What is the length of the opposite side of the longest side? b. What about the
measure of the length of the opposite of the shortest side? Why?
2. What do you think is the measure of the other opposite angles? Why?
3. What do you think is the sum of the two consecutive angles? Why?
4. If you will draw the diagonals of the parallelogram, do you think they will
bisect each other? Why?
5. Do you think two triangles formed are congruent after you have drawn the
diagonal? Why?

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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
 What is It
In this lesson, you will understand more clearly when you solve problems about
the parallelogram.

First, you must read the properties of a parallelogram which is also derived from
the conditions that guarantee that a quadrilateral is a parallelogram.

Here are the properties of a parallelogram:

1. Opposite sides are congruent.
2. Opposite angles are congruent.
3. Consecutive angles are supplementary.
4. Diagonals bisect each other.
5. Each diagonal divides a parallelogram into two congruent triangles.

Example 1: Given ABCD is a parallelogram, find

a. 𝑚∠𝐵
b. 𝑚∠𝐶
c. 𝑚∠𝐷

Solution:
a. Consecutive angles are supplementary.
𝑚∠𝐴 + 𝑚∠𝐵 = 180°115° + 𝑚∠𝐵 = 180°𝑚∠𝐵 = 180° − 115°𝑚∠𝐵 = 65°
b. Opposite angles are congruent.
𝑚∠𝐴 = 𝑚∠𝐶115° = 𝑚∠𝐶
𝑚∠𝐶 = 115°

c. Consecutive angles are supplementary.

𝑚∠𝐴 + 𝑚∠𝐷 = 180°115° + 𝑚∠𝐷 = 180°
𝑚∠𝐷 = 180° − 115°
𝑚∠𝐷 = 65°

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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
Example 2: ROAD is a parallelogram, RM =2y-1,
MA = y+2, MO = 3x-4 and DM = 2x+1.
What is the value of x and y?

Solution:
Diagonals of the parallelogram bisect each other.
RM = MA MO = DM
2y -1 = y + 2 3x – 4 = 2x +1
2y – y – 1 = 2 3x -2x -4 = 1
y=2+1 x=1+4
y=3 x=5

What’s More

Answer the following. Write your answer on a paper with solution.

GIVEN:

1. Given: PE = 2x, AR = x+5, find PE.

2. Given: m∠PER = 5y-26, m∠RAP = 2y + 40, find m∠RAP.
3. Given: PW = 4a – 5, WR = 3a + 5, find PR

What I Have Learned

The Properties of a Parallelogram

1. ___________ sides are congruent.

2. Opposite angles are ___________.
3. Consecutive ___________ are supplementary.
4. Diagonals ___________ each other.
5. Each diagonal divides a ___________ into two congruent triangles.

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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
 What I Can Do

1. In your own words, explain the relationship of the properties of a parallelogram

to the construction of the house above.
2. Are you going to consider the properties of a parallelogram in constructing a
house? Why?

Assessment

STOP is a parallelogram

Refer to the illustration above and answer the questions below. Encircle the letter of
the appropriate property.

̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝑃𝑂
1. Which property is illustrated if 𝑆𝑇 ̅̅̅̅ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑆𝑃
̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝑇𝑂
̅̅̅̅ ?
A. Consecutive angles are supplementary.
B. Diagonals bisect each other.
C. Opposite angles are congruent.
D. Opposite sides are congruent.

2. Which property is illustrated if ∠𝑆 ≅ ∠𝑂 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠𝑇 ≅ ∠𝑃?

A. Consecutive angles are supplementary.
B. Diagonals bisect each other.
C. Opposite angles are congruent.
D. Opposite sides are congruent.

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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
3. Which property must be used if the sum of ∠S and ∠T is 180º?
A. Consecutive angles are supplementary.
B. Diagonals bisect each other.
C. Opposite angles are congruent.
D. Opposite sides are congruent.

4. Which property is shown where ∆𝑆𝑂𝑃 ≅ ∆𝑂𝑆𝑇?

A. A Diagonal forms two congruent triangles.
B. Consecutive angles are supplementary.
C. Opposite angles are congruent.
D. Opposite sides are congruent.

̅̅̅̅ ≅ ̅̅̅̅
5. Which property is illustrated where 𝑆𝑋 𝑋𝑂 and ̅̅̅̅
𝑃𝑋 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝑋𝑇?
A. Consecutive angles are supplementary.
B. Diagonals bisect each other.
C. Opposite angles are congruent.
D. Opposite sides are congruent.

Additional Activities

Draw parallelogram ROSE and solve each problem below.

a. If m∠R = (3x -15)º and m∠S = (2x + 5)º, what are the measures of the four
angles?
b. If RO = 3y+3 and ES = y +13, how long is ES and RO?
c. If the perimeter is 56 cm and one side is 5 cm less than twice the other side,
what is the measure of the pairs of opposite sides?

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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
 SUMMATIVE TEST:

Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. What best describes the opposite angles of a parallelogram?
A. They are complementary.
B. They are congruent.
C. They are right angles.
D. They are supplementary.

2. Which quadrilateral has diagonals that bisect each other?

A. Kite C. Trapezium
B. Parallelogram D. Trapezoid

3. What is the relationship between the two consecutive angles of a

parallelogram?
A. They are complementary. C. They are supplementary.
B. They are congruent. D. They bisect each other.

For item numbers 4 and 5, refer to the figure on the below.

4. Which is a pair of nonconsecutive angles?

A. ∠CAN and ∠CEN
B. ∠ANE and ∠NEC
C. ∠CAN and ∠ANE
D. ∠ENA and ∠NAC

5. ACEN is a parallelogram, what is TRUE about the diagonal ̅̅̅̅

𝐴𝐸 ?
A. It bisects the parallelogram.
B. It divides ▱𝐴𝐶𝐸𝑁 into two congruent triangles.
C. It forms complementary angles.
D. It is perpendicular to any of the sides of ▱𝐴𝐶𝐸𝑁.

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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
6. Which is NOT always true about ▱MATH?
A. ̅̅̅̅̅
𝑀𝐴 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝑇𝐻 C. ∠𝐴 is a right angle.
̅̅̅̅̅
B. 𝑀𝐻 ≅ 𝐴𝑇 ̅̅̅̅ D. ̅̅̅̅̅
𝑀𝐴 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ̅̅̅̅
𝑇𝐻 bisect each other.

7. One pair of opposite sides of a parallelogram are represented by (3𝑥 − 89) and
(2𝑥 + 20). What is the value of 𝑥?
A. 37 B. 39 C. 107 D. 109

For item numbers 8 to 10, refer on the figure below.

8. How long is ̅̅̅̅

𝑆𝐴 in meters?
A. 15 m
B. 13 m
C. 2 m
D. 1 m

̅̅̅̅ in meters?
9. What is the length of 𝑆𝐸
A. 2 m B. 5 m C. 8 m D. 15 m

10. If 𝑚∠𝐸 = 78°, what are the other angle measures consecutively?
A. 102°, 78°, 102° C. 102°, 102°, 78°
B. 78°, 102°, 102° D. 78°, 102°, 78°

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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
 References
Bryant, Merden.,Bulayao, Leonides E.,Callanta, Melvin M., et.al.First
Edition (2014), Mathematics Grade 9 Learner’s Material,
Department of Education
Oronce, Orlando A., & Santos, Nonato.,Ona, Marie(1996).Mathematics
II Concepts, Structures and Methods. Rex Printing Company,
Inc. Quezon City

Answer Key

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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
 18
DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
 Development Team of the Module

Writers: Rosalia C. Patricio, Head Teacher I (Marikina Heights High School)

Validators: Olive R. Lomibao, Head Teacher III - Sta. Elena High School
Editha B. Cajilig, Head Teacher III - Marikina High School
Michelle M. Villanueva, Teacher I- Marikina Science High School
Lilibeth C. Pulido – Teacher I – Marikina Science High School
Elizalde A. Sarmiento – Teacher III - San Roque National High School
Internal Reviewer: Dominador J. Villafria (Education Program Supervisor-Mathematics)
Cover Illustrator: Joel J. Estudillo, Teacher I (SNNHS)
Layout Editor: Ferdinand B. Villegas (PHS)
Management Team:

Sheryll T. Gayola
Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
OIC, Office of the Schools Division Superintendent

Elisa O. Cerveza
Chief, CID
OIC, Office of the Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

Dominador J. Villafria
Education Program Supervisor-Mathematics

Ivy Coney A. Gamatero

Education Program Supervisor– LRMS

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Schools Division Office- Marikina City

Email Address: [email protected]

191 Shoe Ave., Sta. Elena, Marikina City, 1800, Philippines

Telefax: (02) 682-2472 / 682-3989

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE